A method for synergistically regulating the environment of high-density breeding of hermetia illucens

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of insect factory breeding and organic solid waste resource processing, in particular to a method for synergistically regulating the environment of high-density breeding of black soldier fly, which places organic solid waste and black soldier fly larvae in an independent breeding unit, forms directional airflow through a fresh air feeding device, a negative pressure exhaust device, a circulating fan, a condensing dehumidifier and a multi-stage flow guide structure, so that the airflow flows orderly through the interlayers of the breeding rack and the surface of the material in the breeding box; relevant parameters are collected through a multi-dimensional environment monitoring device; a central controller regulates the operation of each device according to the breeding age, the corresponding water content target, the indoor and outdoor air humidity difference and the enthalpy difference, in the order of humidity priority, temperature secondary and gas safety overrun; the present application can improve the uniformity of airflow in multi-layer breeding, reduce the introduction of humid and hot fresh air under high temperature and high humidity conditions, stably control the water content of the material and the concentration of harmful gases, improve the stability of high-density breeding of black soldier fly and reduce the operating energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of insect factory farming and organic solid waste resource utilization technology, specifically a method for synergistic regulation of the environment in high-density black soldier fly farming. Background Technology

[0002] Black soldier fly larvae can transform organic solid waste such as kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, fruit and vegetable waste, and agricultural by-products into insect protein and excrement fertilizer, which is an important way to treat organic waste resources. In large-scale, high-density farming, multi-layered breeding racks and breeding boxes are usually used to increase the processing capacity per unit space. However, during the peak feeding period of the larvae, the metabolism of the larvae and the microbial fermentation of the materials will generate a large amount of heat, water vapor, and gas, resulting in significant fluctuations in the breeding environment.

[0003] Existing environmental control technologies for high-density black soldier fly farming still have many shortcomings: In the mixed-batch farming mode of large open spaces, the heat and humidity loads of materials of different ages vary, making it difficult for unified control to meet the environmental needs of each batch; the airflow organization in the farming workshop is relatively coarse, which easily leads to problems such as short-circuiting of the top airflow, insufficient airflow at the bottom of the farming racks, and no effective airflow over the surface of the materials in the farming boxes, resulting in low heat and humidity exchange efficiency; in hot and humid weather in summer, the fixed fresh air volume control method will introduce a large amount of hot and humid air, significantly increasing the operating energy consumption of the dehumidification and cooling systems; existing control strategies mostly rely on the start-stop of equipment based on single parameters of air temperature and humidity, lacking linkage control of material moisture content and material temperature, and cannot accurately reflect the actual living environment of larvae; the decomposition of materials and local anaerobic fermentation processes will produce harmful gases such as ammonia and methane, and existing exhaust control is mostly a simple single start-stop mode, which is difficult to deal with the problem of excessive gas levels in a timely and effective manner, posing safety hazards; in addition, existing dehumidification control focuses on dehumidification treatment under high humidity conditions, lacking a protection mechanism against excessive drying of materials, which can easily cause the surface of materials to lose water and harden, affecting the normal feeding of larvae.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above situation, there is an urgent need to develop a method for the coordinated control of the high-density breeding environment of black soldier flies in order to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for synergistic regulation of the environment in high-density black soldier fly farming, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for synergistic environmental control in high-density black soldier fly farming includes the following steps: (1) A multi-level flow guiding structure is set in the breeding space, and a directional airflow path is formed through the multi-level flow guiding structure, so that the airflow flows orderly through the layers of the breeding rack and the surface of the material in the breeding box; (2) Collect the air temperature, relative humidity, material temperature, material moisture content, ammonia concentration, methane concentration in the breeding space, as well as the outdoor air temperature and relative humidity; (3) With gas safety over-limit control as the highest priority, under normal operating conditions where gas safety over-limit is not triggered, the fresh air supply, exhaust air volume, circulating air volume and dehumidification cooling intensity are linked and controlled in the order of humidity priority control and temperature secondary control. (4) When humidity is prioritized, calculate the difference in humidity between indoor and outdoor air. When the difference in humidity is greater than the set threshold, increase the fresh air supply to introduce dry outdoor air to assist in dehumidification. When the difference in humidity is less than or equal to the set threshold, reduce the fresh air supply and strengthen the internal circulation so that condensation dehumidification can bear the main dehumidification load. (5) When the temperature is controlled in the secondary mode, the enthalpy difference between indoor and outdoor air is calculated. When the enthalpy difference is greater than the set threshold, the fresh air supply is increased to introduce low-temperature outdoor air to assist in cooling. When the enthalpy difference is less than or equal to the set threshold, the fresh air supply is reduced and the mode is switched to cooling and dehumidification mode, which simultaneously undertakes the functions of cooling and dehumidification. (6) When gas safety exceeds the limit, increase the fresh air supply, exhaust air volume and circulating air volume to accelerate the dilution and discharge of harmful gases.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention: the multi-level flow guiding structure includes a room-level flow guiding structure, a breeding rack-level flow guiding structure, and a breeding box-level flow guiding structure; The room-level airflow guiding structure is a horizontal airflow guiding plate set at the top of the breeding space, which is used to evenly guide the top air supply to the air inlet side of the breeding rack; The airflow guiding structure of the breeding rack consists of an air distribution baffle on the air inlet side and a return air baffle on the air outlet side, which are used to distribute the airflow evenly to each layer and allow it to converge. The breeding box-level airflow guiding structure consists of an air intake plate and a return air plate set on both sides of the breeding box. An airflow guiding gap is formed between the air intake plate, the return air plate and the breeding box. The airflow flows laterally across the surface of the material through the airflow guiding gap. A breathable and escape-proof cover is provided on the upper part of the breeding box. The airflow exchanges water and air through the breathable and escape-proof cover, while preventing the larvae from escaping.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step (4), the threshold value for the difference in indoor and outdoor air humidity is set to 2 g / kg; When Δd > 2g / kg, increase the opening of the fresh air supply device to 40%–80%, increase the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device to 60%–80%, control the operating frequency of the circulating fan at 60%–90%, and operate the condensing dehumidifier at 50%–80% power. When Δd≤2g / kg, reduce the opening of the fresh air supply device to 10%~25%, increase the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 80%~100%, and operate the condensing dehumidifier unit at 80%~100% power.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step (5), the threshold value for the indoor and outdoor air enthalpy difference is set to 5 kJ / kg; When Δh > 5kJ / kg, increase the opening of the fresh air supply device to 50%–100%, increase the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device to 70%–100%, and increase the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 70%–100%. When Δh≤5kJ / kg, reduce the opening of the fresh air supply device to 10%~25%, increase the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 80%~100%, and switch the condensing dehumidifier to the cooling dehumidification mode and operate at 80%~100% power.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step (6), the triggering condition for gas safety over-limit control is an ammonia concentration ≥30ppm or a methane concentration ≥1000ppm; After entering the gas safety over-limit control state, the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device is increased to 80% to 100%, the opening of the fresh air supply device is increased to 60% to 100%, the operating frequency of the circulating fan is increased to 80% to 100%, the negative pressure in the breeding space is controlled at -15 to -30 Pa, and the exhaust gas is discharged after being treated by the deodorization device. When the ammonia concentration is <20ppm and the methane concentration is <500ppm for 10 minutes, the gas safety over-limit control state is exited.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes an anti-over-drying control step: When the relative humidity of the air is more than 5 percentage points lower than the target humidity limit, or the moisture content of the material is lower than the target moisture content limit, reduce the operating power of the condensing dehumidifier or suspend the condensing dehumidifier, reduce the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 40% to 60% to weaken the airflow sweeping on the material surface, reduce the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device to reduce water loss during air exchange, and at the same time maintain a minimum air exchange rate of not less than 4 times / hour.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: in humidity-priority control, the current breeding age is determined according to the feeding time, and the target control parameters of air temperature, relative humidity and material moisture content for the corresponding breeding age are retrieved. The target range for material moisture content is set in a gradual manner according to the age of the breeding. The target range for material moisture content on the first day is 60% to 75%, and it decreases day by day from the second to the seventh day. The target range for material moisture content on the eighth to the tenth day is 35% to 50%.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: the breeding space is composed of multiple independent breeding units, which are separated by solid partitions. Each independent breeding unit is independently equipped with air supply, exhaust, dehumidification and monitoring systems to achieve independent control of environmental parameters for different breeding batches. Multiple independent breeding units operate using staggered feeding and discharging methods, with each batch being raised continuously for 7 to 10 days.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention: the airflow parameters within the aquaculture space are dynamically and gradient-adjusted according to the control state. Under normal breeding conditions, the overall air exchange rate is 5 to 15 times / h. Under conditions of high humidity, high temperature or high gas concentration, it is increased to 15 to 25 times / h. Under conditions of gas safety exceeding the limit control, it is not less than 25 times / h. The airflow velocity between the layers of the breeding rack is 0.05–0.30 m / s, and the local wind speed on the material surface is 0.03–0.15 m / s, which is increased accordingly under high temperature and high humidity conditions; The total air volume of the circulating fan is 3 to 8 times the fresh air intake volume during the same period; the negative pressure inside the breeding space is -5 to -30 Pa.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention: when the material temperature exceeds 40°C and continues for 15 minutes, the central controller issues a high-temperature alarm signal.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) Independent breeding units are used for zoned control. Environmental parameters can be adjusted independently for different breeding batches of different ages, which effectively reduces environmental control conflicts caused by multiple batches of mixed breeding and improves the adaptability of the breeding environment of each batch. (2) A directional airflow path is formed through a multi-level flow guide structure, so that the airflow flows orderly through the layers of the breeding rack and the surface of the material in the breeding box, which significantly improves the uniformity of airflow between the layers of the breeding rack and the efficiency of heat and moisture exchange on the surface of the material, and improves the problem of moisture accumulation at the bottom layer. (3) The central controller dynamically adjusts the opening of the fresh air supply device according to the difference in humidity and enthalpy between indoor and outdoor air. Under high temperature and high humidity conditions, it reduces the introduction of hot and humid fresh air and prioritizes internal circulation condensation dehumidification, effectively reducing energy consumption during summer operation. (4) Take the moisture content of the material as the core control object, set a gradient target range according to the breeding age and carry out closed-loop regulation to make the final moisture content of insect excrement and feed residue more stable and controllable. (5) Set up a gas safety over-limit control mode to monitor and regulate the concentration of ammonia and methane in real time and quickly reduce the concentration of harmful gases to improve the environmental safety of high-density aquaculture. (6) Add an anti-over-drying control logic to automatically reduce the dehumidification intensity and circulating air volume when the moisture content of the material is low, reduce the adverse effects of material dehydration and compaction on larval feeding activities, and improve the stability of breeding. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the linkage control logic for humidity, temperature, and gas concentration in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for coordinated control of the high-density breeding environment of black soldier fly, which achieves coordinated and stable control of air temperature and humidity, material temperature, material moisture content and harmful gas concentration during the high-density breeding process of black soldier fly by dividing independent breeding units, organizing airflow through multi-level diversion, collecting multi-dimensional parameters and coordinating control with a central controller.

[0021] I. Composition of the Aquaculture System This method is implemented within at least one independent breeding unit. When multiple independent breeding units are set up, each unit is separated by a solid partition, forming an independent, enclosed space. Each independent breeding unit is equipped with an independent air supply system, exhaust system, dehumidification system, and monitoring system, thereby enabling independent control of environmental parameters for different breeding batches and avoiding control conflicts caused by differences in heat and humidity loads of materials of different ages. The solid partitions can be made of common building partition materials such as color steel plates or insulation boards, and the joints of the partitions are sealed to ensure the air pressure independence of each independent breeding unit.

[0022] Each independent breeding unit is equipped with a breeding rack, which is a multi-layered, three-dimensional structure. Each layer holds several breeding boxes, which are used to hold organic solid waste and black soldier fly larvae. The independent breeding unit is equipped with a fresh air supply device, a negative pressure exhaust device, a circulating fan, a condensation dehumidifier unit, a multi-stage airflow structure, a multi-dimensional environmental monitoring device, and a central controller.

[0023] The fresh air intake device is used to supply fresh outdoor air into the independent breeding unit. The air inlet of the fresh air intake device is located on the outdoor side and can be equipped with a pre-filter to remove dust particles from the air. The negative pressure exhaust device is used to exhaust the waste gas in the independent breeding unit to the outside. The exhaust creates a negative pressure environment inside the independent breeding unit to prevent waste gas from overflowing. The circulating fan is used to drive the air circulation inside the independent breeding unit to enhance the airflow exchange between the breeding racks and on the surface of the materials. The condensation dehumidification unit is used to condense and dehumidify the air in the independent breeding unit. If necessary, it can be switched to a cooling dehumidification mode to achieve both cooling and dehumidification.

[0024] The multi-level airflow guiding structure includes a room-level airflow guiding structure, a breeding rack-level airflow guiding structure, and a breeding box-level airflow guiding structure, used to form directional airflow paths, allowing airflow to flow orderly through the layers of the breeding rack and the surface of the materials inside the breeding box. Specifically: The room-level airflow guiding structure is a horizontal airflow guiding plate set on the top of the independent breeding unit, which is used to evenly guide the top air supply to the air inlet side of the breeding rack, and avoid the top airflow from directly short-circuiting to the exhaust port. The airflow guiding structure of the breeding rack consists of an air distribution baffle on the air inlet side of the breeding rack and a return air baffle on the air outlet side of the breeding rack. The air distribution baffle is used to distribute the airflow evenly to each layer of the breeding rack, and the return air baffle is used to guide the air outlet of each layer into the return air channel. The breeding box-level airflow guiding structure consists of an air intake plate and a return air plate set on both sides of the breeding box. The air intake plate and the return air plate form a 15-35mm airflow guiding gap with the breeding box. A 10-30 mesh breathable and escape-proof cover is set on the upper part of the breeding box. The airflow flows laterally across the surface of the material through the airflow guiding gap and exchanges water and air through the breathable and escape-proof cover, while preventing the larvae from escaping.

[0025] With the cooperation of the above three-stage airflow guiding structure, the airflow can be guided to the surface of the material step by step, improving the uniformity of airflow between layers of the multi-layer breeding rack, increasing the heat and moisture exchange efficiency of the material surface, and avoiding the problems of short-circuiting airflow at the top, insufficient airflow at the bottom, and no effective airflow on the material surface in traditional open-plan breeding.

[0026] The multi-dimensional environmental monitoring device includes an air temperature and humidity sensor, a material moisture content probe, a material temperature sensor, an ammonia sensor, and a methane sensor. These sensors are used to collect data on air temperature, relative humidity, material moisture content, material temperature, ammonia concentration, and methane concentration within individual aquaculture units. Additionally, an outdoor air temperature and humidity sensor is installed to collect outdoor air temperature and relative humidity. Sensor data is uploaded to the central controller every 5–30 seconds. The air temperature and humidity sensor is typically positioned at a representative location on the return air side within the individual aquaculture unit. The material moisture content probe and material temperature sensor are inserted into the material layer, while the ammonia and methane sensors are positioned above the material in areas prone to gas accumulation—all standard placement methods in the field. The central controller is equipped with sensor disconnection alarms, fan shutdown alarms, and power failure parameter buffering functions to ensure system reliability.

[0027] The central controller is electrically connected to the fresh air intake device, negative pressure exhaust device, circulating fan, condensing dehumidifier unit, and multi-dimensional environmental monitoring device, respectively, and is used to receive monitoring data and output equipment control commands according to preset control logic. The central controller can be a programmable logic controller (PLC) or an industrial control computer, which is conventional control hardware in this field.

[0028] II. Aquaculture Technology and Material Parameters Before being fed into independent breeding units, organic solid waste materials undergo crushing, screening, and conditioning. After processing, the particle size of the material is no larger than 6 mm, and the initial moisture content of the organic solid waste materials is adjusted to 60%–75%. The organic solid waste materials include, but are not limited to, kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, fruit and vegetable waste, and agricultural by-products, which can be consumed by black soldier fly larvae.

[0029] The conditioned organic solid waste material is laid inside the breeding box to a thickness of 0.05–0.12 m; the effective material bearing area of ​​the breeding box is 0.8–1.2 m². 2 The wet substrate loading capacity per box is 60–120 kg. Black soldier fly larvae (2nd–5th instar larvae) are introduced into the rearing box at an initial density of 20,000–60,000 larvae / m². 2 .

[0030] When multiple independent breeding units are set up, the number of independent breeding units is 7 to 10. These multiple independent breeding units operate with staggered feeding and discharging. Each batch of material and black soldier fly larvae are continuously cultured in the same independent breeding unit for 7 to 10 days. By operating in a staggered manner, a stable daily processing volume and larval output are achieved, forming a continuous production model.

[0031] After the breeding cycle is completed, the insect feed is screened to separate black soldier fly larvae, insect excrement, and feeding residues; the breeding boxes, breeding racks, and the interior of the independent breeding units are cleaned and disinfected, and the next batch of materials is introduced after standing for 1 to 3 hours.

[0032] The environmental control targets within the independent breeding unit are: air temperature controlled at 25-35℃, relative humidity controlled at 60%-85%, material temperature controlled at 28-38℃, and the target moisture content of insect excrement and feed residue after the breeding is completed at 35%-50%.

[0033] III. Environmental Coordination and Regulation Methods The central controller operates in the order of humidity priority control, temperature secondary control, and gas safety over-limit control. When the ammonia or methane concentration reaches the set threshold, the central controller prioritizes the gas safety over-limit control state to ensure the safety of aquaculture.

[0034] Step 1: Determining the breeding age and retrieving target parameters The central controller determines the current breeding age based on the feeding time of each independent breeding unit and retrieves the target control parameters for the corresponding age, including the target range of air temperature, the target range of air relative humidity, and the target range of material moisture content.

[0035] The target range for material moisture content is set daily according to the age of the livestock: Day 1: 60%–75%; Day 2: 58%–72%; Day 3: 54%–68%; Day 4: 50%–62%; Day 5: 46%–58%; Day 6: 42%–54%; Day 7: 38%–50%; Days 8–10: 35%–50%.

[0036] As the larvae age, the target moisture content of the material is gradually reduced, which matches the natural laws of larval feeding metabolism and material decomposition and water loss. This achieves precise gradient control of the moisture content of the material, ensuring that the moisture content of insect excrement and feeding residues remains stable within the target range at the end of the breeding period.

[0037] Step 2: Data Collection A multi-dimensional environmental monitoring device collects real-time data on air temperature, relative humidity, material temperature, material moisture content, ammonia concentration, methane concentration, outdoor air temperature, and outdoor relative humidity within the independent aquaculture unit, and transmits the collected data to the central controller. The central controller triggers corresponding control logic based on the deviation between the measured data and the target parameters.

[0038] Step 3: Humidity-priority control When the relative humidity of the air in an independent breeding unit is higher than the upper limit of the target humidity for the current age for 5 consecutive minutes, or when the moisture content of the material is higher than the upper limit of the target moisture content for the current age, the central controller enters the humidity priority control state.

[0039] The central controller calculates the difference in humidity between indoor and outdoor air: Δd=d 室内 -d 室外 ; Where, d 室内 Indoor air humidity, d 室外 This refers to the outdoor air humidity content. Air humidity content can be calculated using the enthalpy-humidity diagram formula based on dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity; this is common knowledge in the HVAC field.

[0040] When Δd > 2g / kg, the central controller determines that the outdoor air humidity is lower than the indoor humidity, and that the outdoor air is suitable for auxiliary dehumidification. At this time, the following control actions are executed: the opening of the fresh air intake device is increased to 40%–80% to introduce more dry outdoor air; the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device is increased to 60%–80% to accelerate the discharge of humid indoor air; the operating frequency of the circulating fan is controlled at 60%–90% to enhance internal airflow circulation; and the condensing dehumidifier unit operates at 50%–80% power to assist in dehumidification. Through the combination of fresh air replacement and condensing dehumidification, indoor humidity and the moisture content of materials are effectively reduced.

[0041] When Δd ≤ 2g / kg, the central controller determines that the outdoor air humidity is close to or higher than the indoor humidity, resulting in poor dehumidification effect from introducing fresh air and potentially even introducing additional moisture. In this case, the following control actions are executed: the opening of the fresh air intake device is reduced to 10%–25% to decrease the introduction of hot and humid fresh air; the operating frequency of the circulating fan is increased to 80%–100% to enhance internal circulation and ensure sufficient airflow through the dehumidifier unit; the condenser dehumidifier unit operates at 80%–100% power, primarily relying on condenser dehumidification to handle the dehumidification load. This mode avoids the problem of soaring dehumidification energy consumption caused by a large amount of hot and humid fresh air entering the room during hot and humid summer weather, significantly reducing operating energy consumption.

[0042] The central controller adjusts the operating parameters of the circulating fan, condensing dehumidifier, fresh air supply device, and negative pressure exhaust device in real time based on the deviation between the measured material moisture content and the target range, thereby achieving closed-loop precise control of the material moisture content.

[0043] Step 4: Secondary Temperature Control When the air temperature in an independent breeding unit is 1.5°C or higher than the target temperature limit for the current age for 10 consecutive minutes, or when the material temperature exceeds 38°C, the central controller enters the secondary temperature control state.

[0044] The central controller calculates the enthalpy difference between indoor and outdoor air: Δh=h室内 -h 室外 ; Among them, h 室内 The enthalpy of indoor air, h 室外 This refers to the enthalpy of outdoor air. The enthalpy of air can be calculated based on dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity, and is common knowledge in the HVAC field.

[0045] When Δh > 5 kJ / kg, the central controller determines that the enthalpy of the outdoor air is lower than that of the indoor air, and that the outdoor air is suitable for auxiliary cooling. At this time, the following control actions are executed: the opening of the fresh air intake device is increased to 50%–100% to introduce low-temperature outdoor air; the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device is increased to 70%–100% to accelerate the exhaust of hot indoor air; and the operating frequency of the circulating fan is increased to 70%–100% to enhance internal airflow heat exchange. Natural cooling is achieved through direct replacement of fresh air, reducing cooling energy consumption.

[0046] When Δh≤5kJ / kg, the central controller determines that the outdoor air enthalpy is close to or higher than that of the indoor air, resulting in poor cooling effect from the introduction of fresh air. At this time, the following control actions are executed: reduce the opening of the fresh air supply device to 10%~25% to reduce the entry of outdoor hot air; increase the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 80%~100% to enhance internal circulation heat exchange; and switch the condensing dehumidifier unit to the cooling dehumidification mode and operate at 80%~100% power, while simultaneously undertaking the functions of cooling and dehumidification.

[0047] When the material temperature exceeds 40℃ and remains above 40℃ for 15 minutes, the central controller issues a high-temperature alarm signal to prompt management personnel to intervene and check, so as to prevent large-scale death of larvae due to high temperature.

[0048] Step 5: Gas safety over-limit control When the ammonia concentration is ≥30ppm or the methane concentration is ≥1000ppm, the central controller enters the gas safety over-limit control state to prioritize the safety of the aquaculture environment.

[0049] Upon entering the gas safety over-limit control state, the following control actions will be executed: Increase the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device to 80%–100% to increase the exhaust volume; increase the opening of the fresh air intake device to 60%–100% to introduce a large amount of fresh air for dilution; increase the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 80%–100% to accelerate the mixing and discharge of indoor gases; and control the negative pressure within the independent breeding unit at -15 to -30 Pa to ensure that harmful gases do not escape. Exhaust gases discharged under the gas safety over-limit control state will be treated by a deodorization device before being discharged outdoors to avoid odor disturbance to residents.

[0050] When the ammonia concentration is <20ppm and the methane concentration is <500ppm for 10 minutes, the central controller exits the gas safety over-limit control state and returns to the normal control mode.

[0051] Step 6: Control of over-drying When the relative humidity of the air is more than 5 percentage points lower than the target humidity limit for the current age, or when the moisture content of the material is lower than the target moisture content limit for the current age, the central controller will implement anti-over-drying control.

[0052] The specific actions to prevent excessive drying are as follows: reduce the operating power of the condensing dehumidifier or suspend the condensing dehumidifier to reduce the amount of dehumidification; reduce the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 40% to 60% to weaken the airflow sweeping on the material surface and reduce the evaporation of material moisture; reduce the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device to reduce water loss during ventilation; and at the same time maintain the minimum necessary air exchange rate of no less than 4 times / hour to ensure basic oxygen supply and gas replacement.

[0053] By controlling excessive drying, we can prevent materials from losing water too quickly and causing surface hardening, thus ensuring the normal feeding activities of larvae and improving the reduction rate of organic materials and the survival rate of larvae.

[0054] Step 7: Airflow operating parameters The airflow parameters within the independent aquaculture unit are dynamically adjusted according to the control status: Under normal breeding conditions, the overall air exchange rate is 5 to 15 times / hour; Under conditions of high humidity, high temperature, or increased gas concentration, the overall air exchange rate increases to 15-25 times / hour; Under the gas safety over-limit control condition, the overall air exchange rate shall not be less than 25 times / hour; The airflow velocity between the layers of the breeding rack is 0.05–0.30 m / s, which increases to 0.40 m / s under high temperature and high humidity conditions; The local wind speed on the material surface is 0.03–0.15 m / s, which increases to 0.20 m / s under high temperature and high humidity conditions; The total air volume of the circulating fan is 3 to 8 times the fresh air intake volume during the same period; The internal negative pressure of the independent breeding unit is -5 to -30 Pa.

[0055] By adjusting the gradient airflow parameters as described above, a suitable airflow velocity can be ensured on the material surface under different working conditions, achieving efficient heat and moisture exchange and gas replacement, while avoiding excessive water loss from the material due to excessive wind speed. Specific Implementation

[0056] The following embodiments further illustrate the technical solution and effects of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the equipment used is conventional equipment in the art. The following embodiments use air temperature, relative humidity, material moisture content, ammonia concentration, discharge moisture content, organic material reduction rate, and larval mortality rate as evaluation indicators.

[0057] Example 1: Continuous culture in 7 units A black soldier fly factory farming workshop uses 7 physically isolated independent farming units with a farming cycle of 7 days. Each day, one independent farming unit is discharged and another is fed simultaneously, achieving continuous operation.

[0058] The material is a mixture of kitchen waste and auxiliary materials, which, after crushing, screening, and conditioning, has a particle size of no more than 6mm and an initial moisture content of 72%. The black soldier fly larvae are third instar larvae, and the stocking density is 50,000 larvae / m². 2 .

[0059] Each independent breeding unit is equipped with 25 sets of breeding racks, each set of breeding racks has 8 layers, and each layer holds 5 breeding boxes. Each breeding box holds 100kg of wet substrate. Therefore, the single batch loading capacity of a single independent breeding unit is: 25 × 8 × 5 × 100kg = 100t. The total amount of substrate in the 7 independent breeding units is 700t, and 100t of organic solid waste is processed daily.

[0060] The central controller records the feeding time for each independent breeding unit and retrieves the target ranges for temperature, humidity, and material moisture content for the corresponding age. Each independent breeding unit has its own independent air supply, exhaust, dehumidification, and monitoring, without interfering with each other.

[0061] The results showed that the air temperature was mainly maintained between 28 and 32°C, the relative humidity was mainly maintained between 65% and 75%, the moisture content of the excrement and feed residue was between 38% and 48%, the organic matter reduction rate was between 65% and 72%, and the larval mortality rate was between 3% and 6%. The environmental parameters of each independent breeding unit were stable, and suitable breeding environments were obtained for batches of different ages.

[0062] Example 2: Verification of airflow uniformity of multi-stage guide structure This embodiment verifies the effect of the multi-stage airflow guiding structure on improving airflow distribution. The control scheme is the traditional open-plan aquaculture method without airflow guiding. In this method, the wind speed at the top of the room is 0.30-0.50 m / s, while the wind speed on the surface of the material at the bottom of the aquaculture rack is only 0.01-0.03 m / s. High humidity areas are easily formed at the bottom of the aquaculture rack and in the corner areas, and the airflow distribution is extremely uneven.

[0063] In this invention, a horizontal guide plate is installed on the top of the independent breeding unit, an air distribution baffle is installed on the air inlet side of the breeding rack, a return air plate is installed on the air outlet side of the breeding rack, and air inlet plates and return air plates are installed on both sides of the breeding box, with a guide gap of 20mm.

[0064] In the present invention, the overall air exchange rate is 12 times / h under normal conditions, the total air volume of the circulating fan is 5 times the fresh air intake volume, the airflow velocity between the layers of the breeding rack is 0.05-0.30m / s, and the local wind speed on the material surface is 0.03-0.15m / s.

[0065] The results show that the multi-stage flow guiding structure of the present invention can significantly improve the airflow distribution between the layers of the breeding rack, improve the uniformity of airflow in each layer, enable the airflow to flow effectively across the material surface, improve the heat and moisture exchange efficiency of the material surface, and avoid the problem of moisture accumulation at the bottom layer.

[0066] Example 3: Control of high temperature and high humidity conditions in summer This embodiment verifies the control effect under high temperature and humidity conditions in summer. The outdoor conditions in summer are: outdoor temperature 35℃, outdoor relative humidity 82%. A certain independent breeding unit is in the 4th day of breeding, indoor air temperature 32℃, indoor air relative humidity 70%.

[0067] Calculations show that the outdoor air humidity is higher than the indoor air humidity, and the outdoor air enthalpy is higher than the indoor air enthalpy, i.e., Δd≤2g / kg and Δh≤5kJ / kg.

[0068] The central controller determines that the outdoor air is not suitable for auxiliary dehumidification and cooling, and performs the following control actions: the fresh air supply device maintains the minimum necessary fresh air volume, corresponding to an air exchange rate of 4 to 6 times / hour; the operating frequency of the circulating fan is increased to 90%; the condensing dehumidifier unit operates at 90% power; the negative pressure exhaust device operates at a low speed, and the negative pressure in the independent breeding unit is maintained at about -10Pa.

[0069] After 30 minutes of operation, the indoor relative humidity decreased from 70% to 64%, and the indoor temperature decreased from 32℃ to 30.8℃. Compared with traditional fixed fresh air solutions, the overall energy consumption was reduced by approximately 26% under this condition. It is evident that this invention, by determining the difference in indoor and outdoor humidity and enthalpy difference, can effectively reduce the introduction of hot and humid fresh air in hot and humid weather, significantly reducing dehumidification and cooling energy consumption.

[0070] Example 4: Control of Ammonia Concentration Exceeding Limits This embodiment verifies the effectiveness of gas safety over-limit control. In an independent breeding unit at the 3rd day of breeding, due to the high protein content of the feed, the ammonia concentration increased from 18 ppm to 34 ppm within 15 minutes.

[0071] The central controller determines that ammonia has entered an excessive state and performs the following actions: the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device is increased to 90%; the opening of the fresh air supply device is increased to 80%; the operating frequency of the circulating fan is increased to 90%; the negative pressure of the independent breeding unit is controlled at approximately -22Pa; and the processing air volume and exhaust air volume of the deodorization device are increased simultaneously.

[0072] After running for 12 minutes, the ammonia concentration dropped to 16 ppm. The central controller exited the gas over-limit control state, recorded this over-limit event, and increased the basic ventilation rate for subsequent breeding days of this batch to 15 times / hour to prevent further over-limits.

[0073] The results show that the gas safety over-limit control of the present invention can respond quickly and reduce the concentration of harmful gases, thus ensuring the environmental safety of high-density aquaculture.

[0074] Example 5: Comparison of the present invention with conventional solutions A control experiment was conducted in the same workshop during the summer. The raw material was a mixture of kitchen waste with an initial moisture content of 72%, and the release density of third-instar black soldier fly larvae was 50,000 per m². 2 The breeding cycle is 7 days.

[0075] Traditional methods employ large-scale mixed rearing, fixed fresh air volume, and lack multi-stage airflow structures, relying solely on the start and stop of dehumidification and exhaust equipment based on air temperature and humidity. During operation, the air temperature fluctuates between 30 and 38°C, relative humidity between 65% and 92%, peak ammonia concentration between 35 and 65 ppm, discharge moisture content between 52% and 65%, organic material reduction between 52% and 60%, and larval mortality rate between 8% and 15%.

[0076] This invention employs seven independent breeding units, a multi-stage flow guidance structure, judgment based on indoor and outdoor moisture and enthalpy differences, target control of material moisture content, control against excessive drying, and control of gas safety exceeding limits. During operation, the air temperature is maintained between 28 and 32°C, the relative humidity between 65% and 75%, the peak ammonia concentration is reduced to 12–24 ppm, the output moisture content is 38%–48%, the organic material reduction rate is increased to 65%–72%, and the larval mortality rate is reduced to 3%–6%. Under high temperature and humidity conditions in summer, the overall energy consumption of this invention is 72%–78% of that of traditional methods, representing a reduction of approximately 22%–28%.

[0077] The results show that the present invention can significantly improve the stability of the high-density black soldier fly farming environment, reduce the operating energy consumption under high temperature and humidity conditions in summer, improve the control effect of feed moisture content, and increase the organic material reduction rate and larval survival rate.

[0078] Example 6: Implementation of a Single Independent Aquaculture Unit In small-scale farming scenarios, the method of this invention can be implemented using an independent farming unit. This independent farming unit is equipped with a fresh air supply device, a negative pressure exhaust device, a circulating fan, a condensation dehumidifier unit, a multi-stage airflow structure, a multi-dimensional environmental monitoring device, and a central controller.

[0079] In this implementation, the central controller still coordinates the control of the fresh air intake device, negative pressure exhaust device, circulating fan, and condensing dehumidifier unit based on the age of the livestock, the target range of material moisture content, the difference in indoor and outdoor humidity, the difference in indoor and outdoor enthalpy, and the concentrations of ammonia and methane. This implementation does not require multiple independent farming units to operate at off-peak times, but it can still achieve airflow guidance on the material surface, priority control of humidity, secondary control of temperature, control of gas safety exceeding limits, and control to prevent excessive drying, making it suitable for small and medium-sized farming operations.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the number of breeding units, the number of breeding rack layers, the size of the guide plate, the equipment model, the sensor type and parameter range, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for synergistic environmental control in high-density black soldier fly farming, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) A multi-level flow guiding structure is set in the breeding space, and a directional airflow path is formed through the multi-level flow guiding structure, so that the airflow flows orderly through the layers of the breeding rack and the surface of the material in the breeding box; (2) Collect the air temperature, relative humidity, material temperature, material moisture content, ammonia concentration, methane concentration in the breeding space, as well as the outdoor air temperature and relative humidity; (3) With gas safety over-limit control as the highest priority, under normal operating conditions where gas safety over-limit is not triggered, the fresh air supply, exhaust air volume, circulating air volume and dehumidification cooling intensity are linked and controlled in the order of humidity priority control and temperature secondary control. (4) When humidity is prioritized, calculate the difference in humidity between indoor and outdoor air. When the difference in humidity is greater than the set threshold, increase the fresh air supply to introduce dry outdoor air to assist in dehumidification. When the difference in humidity is less than or equal to the set threshold, reduce the fresh air supply and strengthen the internal circulation so that condensation dehumidification can bear the main dehumidification load. (5) When the temperature is controlled in the secondary mode, the enthalpy difference between indoor and outdoor air is calculated. When the enthalpy difference is greater than the set threshold, the fresh air supply is increased to introduce low-temperature outdoor air to assist in cooling. When the enthalpy difference is less than or equal to the set threshold, the fresh air supply is reduced and the mode is switched to cooling and dehumidification mode, which simultaneously undertakes the functions of cooling and dehumidification. (6) When gas safety exceeds the limit, increase the fresh air supply, exhaust air volume and circulating air volume to accelerate the dilution and discharge of harmful gases.

2. The method for synergistic regulation of the high-density aquaculture environment of black soldier fly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-level flow guiding structure includes a room-level flow guiding structure, a breeding rack-level flow guiding structure, and a breeding box-level flow guiding structure. The room-level airflow guiding structure is a horizontal airflow guiding plate set at the top of the breeding space, which is used to evenly guide the top air supply to the air inlet side of the breeding rack; The airflow guiding structure of the breeding rack consists of an air distribution baffle on the air inlet side and a return air baffle on the air outlet side, which are used to distribute the airflow evenly to each layer and allow it to converge. The breeding box-level airflow guiding structure consists of an air intake plate and a return air plate set on both sides of the breeding box. An airflow guiding gap is formed between the air intake plate, the return air plate and the breeding box. The airflow flows laterally across the surface of the material through the airflow guiding gap. A breathable and escape-proof cover is provided on the upper part of the breeding box. The airflow exchanges water and air through the breathable and escape-proof cover, while preventing the larvae from escaping.

3. The method for synergistic environmental control in high-density black soldier fly farming according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the threshold value for the difference in indoor and outdoor air humidity is set to 2 g / kg; When Δd > 2g / kg, increase the opening of the fresh air supply device to 40%–80%, increase the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device to 60%–80%, control the operating frequency of the circulating fan at 60%–90%, and operate the condensing dehumidifier at 50%–80% power. When Δd≤2g / kg, reduce the opening of the fresh air supply device to 10%~25%, increase the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 80%~100%, and operate the condensing dehumidifier at 80%~100% power.

4. The method for synergistic environmental control in high-density black soldier fly farming according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the threshold value for the indoor and outdoor air enthalpy difference is set to 5 kJ / kg; When Δh > 5kJ / kg, increase the opening of the fresh air supply device to 50%–100%, increase the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device to 70%–100%, and increase the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 70%–100%. When Δh≤5kJ / kg, reduce the opening of the fresh air supply device to 10%~25%, increase the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 80%~100%, and switch the condensing dehumidifier to the cooling dehumidification mode and operate at 80%~100% power.

5. The method for synergistic environmental control in high-density black soldier fly farming according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (6), the triggering condition for gas safety over-limit control is an ammonia concentration ≥30ppm or a methane concentration ≥1000ppm; After entering the gas safety over-limit control state, the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device is increased to 80% to 100%, the opening of the fresh air supply device is increased to 60% to 100%, the operating frequency of the circulating fan is increased to 80% to 100%, the negative pressure in the breeding space is controlled at -15 to -30 Pa, and the exhaust gas is discharged after being treated by the deodorization device. When the ammonia concentration is <20ppm and the methane concentration is <500ppm for 10 minutes, the gas safety over-limit control state is exited.

6. The method for synergistic environmental control in high-density black soldier fly farming according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes steps to prevent over-drying: When the relative humidity of the air is more than 5 percentage points lower than the target humidity limit, or the moisture content of the material is lower than the target moisture content limit, reduce the operating power of the condensing dehumidifier or suspend the condensing dehumidifier, reduce the operating frequency of the circulating fan to 40% to 60% to weaken the airflow sweeping on the material surface, reduce the operating frequency of the negative pressure exhaust device to reduce water loss during air exchange, and at the same time maintain a minimum air exchange rate of not less than 4 times / hour.

7. The method for synergistic regulation of the high-density aquaculture environment of black soldier fly according to claim 1, characterized in that, In humidity-priority control, the current breeding age is determined based on the feeding time, and the target control parameters of air temperature, relative humidity and material moisture content for the corresponding breeding age are retrieved. The target range for material moisture content is set in a gradual manner according to the age of the breeding. The target range for material moisture content on the first day is 60% to 75%, and it decreases day by day from the second to the seventh day. The target range for material moisture content on the eighth to the tenth day is 35% to 50%.

8. The method for synergistic regulation of the high-density aquaculture environment of black soldier fly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The breeding space consists of multiple independent breeding units, which are separated by solid partitions. Each independent breeding unit is equipped with its own air supply, exhaust, dehumidification and monitoring system to achieve independent control of environmental parameters for different breeding batches. Multiple independent breeding units operate using staggered feeding and discharging methods, with each batch being raised continuously for 7 to 10 days.

9. The method for synergistic regulation of the high-density aquaculture environment of black soldier fly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airflow parameters within the aquaculture space are dynamically adjusted according to the control status: Under normal breeding conditions, the overall air exchange rate is 5 to 15 times / h. Under conditions of high humidity, high temperature or high gas concentration, it is increased to 15 to 25 times / h. Under conditions of gas safety exceeding the limit control, it is not less than 25 times / h. The airflow velocity between the layers of the breeding rack is 0.05–0.30 m / s, and the local wind speed on the material surface is 0.03–0.15 m / s, which is increased accordingly under high temperature and high humidity conditions; The total air volume of the circulating fan is 3 to 8 times the fresh air intake volume during the same period; the negative pressure inside the breeding space is -5 to -30 Pa.

10. The method for synergistic regulation of the high-density aquaculture environment of black soldier fly according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the material temperature exceeds 40℃ and remains so for 15 minutes, the central controller issues a high-temperature alarm signal.

Images