A method and apparatus for welding a TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode

Abstract

The application provides a TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode welding method and device, and relates to the technical field of titanium alloys. The stacked TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode is placed in a vacuum electron beam welding box, the temperature in the vacuum electron beam welding box is increased to 100-200 DEG C for heat preservation, the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode reaches a preheating temperature, and then electron beam welding is carried out. After the welding is completed, the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode is heat preserved, and then is cooled with the furnace. On the one hand, the preheating before welding reduces the weld cooling speed, suppresses the formation of a large amount of brittle alpha prime martensite, and makes the weld form more alpha plus beta dual-phase structure with good plasticity in the cooling process. On the other hand, the heat preservation and slow cooling of the weld in the vacuum box after the welding effectively releases the residual stress of the weld, and further reduces the cracking driving force. The two aspects jointly act, and the through cold cracks of the TA32 consumable electrode weld are completely eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of titanium alloy technology, and in particular to a welding method and apparatus for a TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode. Background Technology

[0002] Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is the main industrial method for producing titanium alloy ingots. Before VAR remelting, sponge titanium and intermediate alloy material are pressed into electrode blocks according to a certain ratio. Multiple electrode blocks are then stacked in sequence and connected by welding to form a whole consumable electrode for subsequent vacuum arc remelting.

[0003] Electron beam welding (EBW) operates in a high vacuum environment, offering advantages such as concentrated heat input, a large weld depth-to-width ratio, and a narrow heat-affected zone, making it one of the preferred methods for welding titanium alloys. However, when welding TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrodes using a vacuum electron beam welding box, penetrating cracks perpendicular to the weld direction frequently appear in the weld area, which are classified as cold welding cracks. These cracks can easily cause the consumable electrode to break at the weld during VAR melting, leading to melting interruption and significant production losses.

[0004] Currently, the industry's only method for dealing with cold cracks in TA32 consumable electrode welding is repair welding, which is a passive, post-operative repair and cannot fundamentally eliminate the cracks. Furthermore, the repair welding itself carries the risk of re-cracking. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a process method that can proactively prevent and completely eliminate cold cracks in TA32 consumable electrode welding. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The summary section of this invention provides a brief overview of the concepts, which will be described in detail in the detailed description section that follows. This summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed technical solutions, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed technical solutions.

[0006] This invention provides a welding method for a TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Place the stacked TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrodes into the vacuum electron beam welding box, and evacuate the air pressure in the vacuum electron beam welding box to the predetermined air pressure; Step 2: Heat the vacuum electron beam welding box to 100-200°C and maintain the temperature so that the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode reaches the preheating temperature; Step 3: Electron beam welding is performed on the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode; Step 4: After electron beam welding is completed, the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode is kept at a constant temperature and then cooled in the furnace. Step 5: After the temperature inside the vacuum electron beam welding box drops below 50°C, open the box and remove the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode.

[0007] Optionally, in step 2, the heating rate inside the vacuum electron beam welding box does not exceed 5°C / min.

[0008] Optionally, in step 2, the heat preservation time is determined according to the diameter of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode; when the diameter is 480-550mm, the heat preservation time is not less than 60min; when the diameter is 560-660mm, the heat preservation time is not less than 90min.

[0009] Optionally, after welding, the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode is kept at a constant temperature and then cooled in the furnace. In step 3, the holding time is not less than 30 minutes and the cooling rate in the furnace does not exceed 3°C / min.

[0010] Optionally, in step 3, during the electron beam welding process, the regional temperature deviation within the vacuum electron beam welding box and the cross-sectional temperature difference of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode are monitored and adjusted; the regional temperature deviation within the vacuum electron beam welding box is ≤5℃, and the cross-sectional temperature difference of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode is ≤20℃.

[0011] Optionally, the predetermined air pressure is ≤0.5Pa, and the preheating temperature is 150℃.

[0012] The present invention also provides a welding apparatus for a TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode, the apparatus comprising: a welding box body, an electron beam welding gun, and a resistance heating device; the resistance heating device is disposed in the inner cavity of the welding box body for heating and maintaining the temperature of the inside of the welding box body before and during welding; the electron beam welding gun is disposed on the top wall of the inner cavity of the welding box body for electron beam welding of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode.

[0013] Optionally, a temperature control system is also included, which is installed in the welding box body; the temperature control system includes a temperature sensor and a controller, the temperature sensor collects the temperature signal inside the box and feeds it back to the controller, and the controller adjusts the output power of the resistance heating device according to the feedback signal.

[0014] Optionally, the temperature sensors are arranged at multiple points and are evenly distributed along the axial and radial directions of the inner wall of the welding box body.

[0015] Optionally, the resistance heating device is evenly arranged along the inner wall of the welding box body.

[0016] The above embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: The TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode welding method provided by the present invention raises the temperature in the vacuum electron beam welding box to 100-200°C and holds it at that temperature, so that the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode reaches the preheating temperature, and then performs electron beam welding. After welding, the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode is held at that temperature and then cooled with the furnace. On the one hand, the preheating before welding reduces the cooling rate of the weld, inhibits the formation of a large amount of brittle α' martensite, and allows the weld to form more plastic α+β dual-phase structure during the cooling process. On the other hand, the slow cooling in the vacuum box after welding effectively releases the residual stress of the weld, further reducing the cracking driving force. The combined effect of these two aspects completely eliminates through-cold cracks in the TA32 consumable electrode weld. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow for welding the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the resistance heating device and temperature control system inside the vacuum electron beam welding box in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature-time control curve inside the chamber in an embodiment of the present invention, showing the temperature control process in each stage of heating, preheating and heat preservation, welding, post-weld heat preservation and slow cooling; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a through-crack in a TA32 consumable electrode in the prior art; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the weld seam of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Welding box body; 2. Electron beam welding gun; 3. Resistance heating device; 4. Temperature sensor; 5. Consumable electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] This disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a welding method for a TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Place the stacked TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrodes into a vacuum electron beam welding chamber, and evacuate the chamber to a predetermined pressure. Specifically, stack 18 to 32 TA32 titanium alloy electrode blocks sequentially to form a complete consumable electrode to be welded. The length of the consumable electrode is 4.5 to 5 meters, and the diameter is 480 to 660 millimeters. The contact surfaces of each electrode block should be cleaned before stacking to ensure they are flat and free of oil and oxides.

[0025] Step 2: Raise the temperature inside the vacuum electron beam welding box to 100-200℃ and maintain the temperature so that the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode reaches the preheating temperature; after confirming that the vacuum level meets the standard, start the resistance heating device inside the welding box to raise the temperature inside the box and maintain the temperature so that the entire cross section of the consumable electrode reaches the preheating temperature uniformly.

[0026] Step 3: Electron beam welding of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrodes; under the condition of maintaining preheating temperature and vacuum, start the electron beam welding gun and sequentially perform electron beam welding on all weld seams between the electrode blocks. During the electron beam welding process, continuously monitor the temperature inside the chamber. When the temperature inside the chamber drops below 130℃, pause welding, reheat to 150℃, and maintain the temperature until it stabilizes before continuing welding. The process parameters for electron beam welding are: welding voltage 20-30kV, welding current 1.5-2.5A, and welding speed 80-200mm / min.

[0027] Step 4: After welding, the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode is kept at a constant temperature and then cooled with the furnace. Step 5: Once the temperature inside the vacuum electron beam welding chamber drops below 50°C, open the chamber and remove the consumable electrode for melting. After the temperature drops below 50°C, high-purity argon gas can be introduced to atmospheric pressure, and then the consumable electrode can be removed from the chamber.

[0028] It should be noted that the formation of cold cracks in TA32 welding involves the following three superimposed factors: First, electron beam welding has extremely high energy density and the weld cools very quickly. Under rapid cooling conditions, alloying elements such as Al in TA32 promote the β→α' martensite transformation in the weld zone, forming a large number of hard and brittle acicular α' martensite structures. Its ductility and toughness are far lower than that of normal α+β dual-phase structures, and it cannot release the stress generated during cooling through local plastic deformation. Second, the entire consumable electrode is large in volume and extremely rigid, which severely restricts the weld cooling shrinkage. The residual tensile stress is extremely high, and when it exceeds the fracture toughness of α' martensite, through-cracks occur. Third, the electrode block raw material may adsorb a small amount of hydrogen before pressing, which diffuses and accumulates in the weld zone during the welding thermal cycle, further reducing the weld toughness and promoting hydrogen-induced delayed cracking.

[0029] Therefore, this invention eliminates the formation of α' martensite brittleness, releases residual stress in the weld, and inhibits hydrogen-induced cracking by adding a resistance heating device inside the high-vacuum electron beam welding box and maintaining a preheated and heat-preserving state throughout the welding process. This completely eliminates through-cold cracks in the TA32 consumable electrode weld, ensuring the continuity and stability of VAR melting production. By placing the consumable electrode in a high-vacuum environment (pressure ≤ 0.5 Pa), the harmful effects of gases such as hydrogen on the weld are eliminated, thus removing hydrogen-induced cracking factors.

[0030] In some embodiments, step 2 includes: heating the vacuum electron beam welding chamber at a rate not exceeding 5°C / min. The resistance heating device slowly heats the chamber to 150°C at a rate not exceeding 5°C / min to avoid generating additional thermal stress inside the consumable electrode due to rapid heating.

[0031] In some embodiments, step 2 further includes: the heat preservation time is determined according to the diameter of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode; when the diameter is 480-550mm, the heat preservation time is not less than 60min; when the diameter is 560-660mm, the heat preservation time is not less than 90min.

[0032] In some embodiments, step 3 includes: holding the temperature for no less than 30 minutes, and cooling the furnace at a rate not exceeding 3°C / min. After the temperature inside the furnace drops below 50°C, high-purity argon gas with a purity greater than 99.99% is introduced into the welding furnace to atmospheric pressure before the furnace is opened and the furnace is removed to prevent residual heat from causing oxidation of the titanium alloy surface.

[0033] In some embodiments, step 3 includes: monitoring and adjusting the temperature deviation of each area within the vacuum electron beam welding box and the cross-sectional temperature difference of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode during the welding process, so that the temperature deviation of each area within the vacuum electron beam welding box is ±5℃ and the cross-sectional temperature difference of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode is ±20℃. This ensures that the internal and surface temperatures of the electrode block are uniform during welding.

[0034] In some embodiments, the resistance heating device is divided into several independent heating zones along the inner wall of the welding box body. Each independent heating zone is electrically connected to the controller, which can independently adjust the output power of each independent heating zone. Specifically, the resistance heating device is divided into an upper heating zone, a middle heating zone, and a lower heating zone along the axial direction of the consumable electrode. Temperature sensors 4 at corresponding positions in each heating zone collect the temperature signal of that zone in real time and feed it back to the controller. The controller uses the deviation between the measured temperature of each zone and the target temperature as the adjustment basis. When the temperature of a certain heating zone is lower than the target temperature, the controller increases the output power of that heating zone; when the temperature of a certain heating zone is higher than the target temperature, the controller decreases the output power of that heating zone, thereby implementing independent closed-loop power regulation for each heating zone and converging the temperature deviation of each zone to within ±5℃.

[0035] Compared to overall power regulation of the resistance heating device, zone-based independent power control can precisely compensate for local temperature deviations. This is because during electron beam welding, the electron beam concentrates heat at a certain weld location, causing a temporary temperature rise in the vicinity of that weld, while areas farther away from the weld location may experience a temperature drop due to heat dissipation from the chamber walls. If only overall power regulation is applied, reducing power in high-temperature areas will result in insufficient heating in low-temperature areas, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the temperature control requirements of each area. With zone-based independent power control, the controller can simultaneously reduce power in high-temperature areas and increase power in low-temperature areas, making the overall temperature field more uniform more quickly. This keeps the temperature difference across the consumable electrode cross-section within 20°C, ensuring that all welds are welded and cooled under uniform and effective preheating and insulation conditions, further reducing the risk of weld cracking caused by localized cold spots.

[0036] In some embodiments, the predetermined gas pressure is ≤0.5 Pa, and the preheating temperature is 150°C. Evacuating the gas pressure inside the vacuum electron beam welding chamber to ≤0.5 Pa satisfies the basic vacuum requirements for electron beam welding, ensuring that the electron beam is not scattered due to gas molecule collisions during transmission, thus guaranteeing effective energy transfer. Furthermore, at this vacuum level, the partial pressure of residual gases (including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor) inside the chamber is extremely low. This significantly reduces the driving force for adsorbed hydrogen on the titanium alloy surface to diffuse and accumulate in the weld zone during the high-temperature welding thermal cycle, effectively suppressing hydrogen-induced delayed cracking. In contrast, welding under normal pressure or low vacuum conditions significantly increases the hydrogen content in the weld zone. Under the combined effect of brittle α' martensite structure and high residual stress, the risk of hydrogen-induced cracking increases substantially.

[0037] Setting the preheating temperature to 150℃ is a result of comprehensively considering both crack prevention effectiveness and engineering feasibility. Below 100℃, the reduction in weld cooling rate is limited, and the formation of α' martensite remains significant, leading to unstable crack prevention. Above 200℃, the heating and holding times are prolonged, reducing production efficiency. Furthermore, under prolonged high-temperature holding conditions, the TA32 titanium alloy surface faces a slight risk of oxidation, even in a vacuum environment, negatively impacting electrode surface quality. 150℃ falls in the middle of this range, effectively reducing weld cooling rate and inhibiting the formation of excessive α' martensite, while maintaining a moderate heating time and minimizing adverse effects on electrode surface quality during the holding process, thus balancing crack prevention effectiveness and production efficiency.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the resistance heating device and temperature control system inside the vacuum electron beam welding box in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2As shown, the present invention provides an apparatus for welding TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrodes. The welding apparatus includes a welding box body 1, an electron beam welding gun 2, and a resistance heating device 3. The resistance heating device 3 is disposed in the inner cavity of the welding box body 1 and is used to heat and maintain the temperature of the inside of the welding box body 1 before and during welding. The electron beam welding gun 2 is disposed on the top wall of the inner cavity of the welding box body 1 and is used to perform electron beam welding on the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode.

[0039] In some embodiments, the welding apparatus further includes a temperature control system, which is installed in the welding box body 1. The temperature control system includes a temperature sensor 4 and a controller. The temperature sensor 4 collects the temperature signal inside the box and feeds it back to the controller. The controller adjusts the output power of the resistance heating device 3 according to the feedback signal. By adding a closed-loop temperature control system inside the welding box, precise control and dynamic maintenance of the temperature inside the box are achieved, ensuring stable and effective preheating throughout the welding process, with the cross-sectional temperature difference not exceeding 20°C, further preventing cracking.

[0040] During electron beam welding, localized heat input from the electron beam causes a brief temperature rise in the area near the weld, while areas farther from the weld may experience a temperature drop due to heat dissipation from the chamber walls. Without dynamic temperature compensation, uneven temperature distribution within the chamber will result in significant temperature differences across the consumable electrode section 5, causing some welds to cool in an environment below the lower limit of the preheating temperature, still posing a risk of cracking. The closed-loop temperature control system, through multi-point real-time monitoring and dynamic power adjustment, controls the temperature deviation in each area within the chamber within ±5℃, ensuring that all welds complete welding and cooling under effective preheating and insulation conditions.

[0041] In some embodiments, the temperature sensors 4 are arranged at multiple points, uniformly distributed along the axial and radial directions of the inner wall of the welding box body 1. Specifically, along the axial direction of the consumable electrode 5, the temperature sensors 4 are respectively arranged at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the inner wall of the welding box body 1; along the radial direction, the temperature sensors 4 are symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of the inner wall of the welding box body 1. This multi-point arrangement can comprehensively cover the temperature distribution inside the welding box, reflecting the temperature uniformity of the consumable electrode 5 along the axial and cross-sectional directions in real time. Compared with the single-point temperature measurement method, the multi-point arrangement can promptly detect cold spots with low local temperatures, avoiding misjudgments caused by a single-point temperature measurement location being in a high-temperature area. This ensures that all parts of the consumable electrode 5 truly reach the lower limit of the preheating temperature, providing reliable temperature monitoring to prevent the generation of cold cracks in the weld.

[0042] In some embodiments, the resistance heating devices 3 are uniformly arranged along the inner wall of the welding box body 1. This uniform arrangement of the resistance heating devices 3 ensures a spatially uniform distribution of the thermal radiation field within the box, preventing differences in heat flux density across the consumable electrode 5 caused by localized concentration of heating elements, thereby reducing the radial temperature gradient of the consumable electrode 5. Compared to a non-uniform arrangement, the uniformly arranged resistance heating devices 3 can achieve temperature uniformity within the box more quickly under the same heating power, shortening the holding time required to reach the preheating temperature and improving production efficiency. Furthermore, the uniform arrangement helps extend the service life of the heating elements, preventing premature failure of localized heating elements due to prolonged exposure to excessively high power loads, and reducing equipment maintenance costs. Example 1

[0043] Step 1: Stack 30 TA32 titanium alloy electrode blocks sequentially to form a complete consumable electrode 5 to be welded, with a total length of 4.8 meters and a diameter of 560 mm. Place the consumable electrode 5 in the welding box and then close the welding box seal.

[0044] Step 2: Start the vacuum system and evacuate the air pressure inside the welding box to 0.1 Pa to confirm that the vacuum level meets the standard.

[0045] Step 3: Start the resistance heating device 3, which is evenly arranged on the inner wall of the welding box, and heat it to 150℃ at a rate of 4℃ / min. Hold it at this temperature for 90 minutes so that the consumable electrode 5 reaches 150℃ uniformly as a whole. The temperature deviation of each temperature measuring point is within ±5℃, and the cross-sectional temperature difference does not exceed 20℃.

[0046] Step 4: Start electron beam welding gun 2 and perform electron beam welding while maintaining an internal temperature of 150℃ and a vacuum of 0.1Pa. Welding parameters: welding voltage 20kV, welding current 2A, welding speed 150mm / min. During the welding process, multiple sensors continuously monitor the temperature, and the closed-loop temperature control system automatically adjusts the heating power to ensure that the internal temperature does not fall below 130℃.

[0047] Step 5: After all welds are completed, turn off the electron beam welding gun 2 and maintain a temperature of 150°C for 30 minutes. Then stop heating and allow the furnace to cool slowly at a rate of 2°C / min. Once the temperature inside the furnace has dropped below 50°C, fill the furnace with 99.99% pure argon gas to atmospheric pressure, open the furnace, and remove the consumable electrode 5.

[0048] like Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature-time control curve inside the chamber in Example 1, showing the temperature control process in each stage of heating, preheating and heat preservation, welding, post-weld heat preservation and slow cooling.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a through-crack in a TA32 consumable electrode in the prior art. Figure 5The diagram shows the weld seam of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode in Example 1. Visual inspection revealed that no through-cold cracks appeared in any of the weld seams, eliminating the common cold cracking problem in existing processes. No repair welding was required, and the overall quality of the consumable electrode was good. No furnace shutdown accident caused by weld seam fracture occurred during the subsequent VAR melting process.

[0050] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding method for a TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Stack 18 to 32 TA32 titanium alloy electrode blocks, which are made of sponge titanium and intermediate alloy material according to a certain ratio, to form TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrodes with a diameter of 480 to 660 mm; place the stacked TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrodes in a vacuum electron beam welding box, and evacuate the air pressure in the vacuum electron beam welding box to a predetermined air pressure. Step 2: Heat the vacuum electron beam welding box to 100-200°C and maintain the temperature so that the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode reaches the preheating temperature; Step 3: Perform electron beam welding on the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode; under the condition of maintaining the preheating temperature and vacuum, perform electron beam welding on all welds between the electrode blocks in sequence; during the electron beam welding process, monitor and adjust the regional temperature deviation in the vacuum electron beam welding box and the cross-sectional temperature difference of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode; the regional temperature deviation in the vacuum electron beam welding box is ≤5℃, and the cross-sectional temperature difference of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode is ≤20℃; Step 4: After electron beam welding is completed, the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode is kept at a constant temperature and then cooled in the furnace. Step 5: After the temperature inside the vacuum electron beam welding box drops below 50°C, open the box and remove the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode.

2. The welding method for the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the heating rate inside the vacuum electron beam welding box does not exceed 5°C / min.

3. The welding method for the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 2, the heat preservation time is determined according to the diameter of the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode; when the diameter is 480-550mm, the heat preservation time is not less than 60min; when the diameter is 560-660mm, the heat preservation time is not less than 90min.

4. The welding method for the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the heat preservation time shall not be less than 30 minutes, and the cooling rate during furnace cooling shall not exceed 3°C / min.

5. The welding method for the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The predetermined air pressure is ≤0.5Pa, and the preheating temperature is 150℃.

6. An apparatus for welding consumable electrodes of TA32 titanium alloy, characterized in that, The apparatus is an apparatus based on the welding method of TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 5; The device includes: a welding box body, an electron beam welding gun, and a resistance heating device; the resistance heating device is disposed in the inner cavity of the welding box body and is used to heat and keep the inside of the welding box body warm before and during welding; the electron beam welding gun is disposed on the top wall of the inner cavity of the welding box body and is used to perform electron beam welding on the TA32 titanium alloy consumable electrode.

7. The apparatus for welding consumable electrodes of TA32 titanium alloy according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature control system, which is installed in the welding box body; the temperature control system includes a temperature sensor and a controller, the temperature sensor collects the temperature signal inside the box and feeds it back to the controller, and the controller adjusts the output power of the resistance heating device according to the feedback signal.

8. The apparatus for welding consumable electrodes of TA32 titanium alloy according to claim 7, characterized in that, The temperature sensors are arranged at multiple points and are evenly distributed along the axial and radial directions of the inner wall of the welding box.

9. The apparatus for welding consumable electrodes of TA32 titanium alloy according to claim 6, characterized in that, The resistance heating devices are evenly arranged along the inner wall of the welding box.

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