Metal evaporation apparatus and metal evaporation system

Abstract

The application discloses a metal evaporation device and a metal evaporation system. The metal evaporation device comprises an evaporation container, which is formed with an open container cavity, the open container cavity has a bottom wall and a side wall, the area of the bottom wall is not less than a set area, the height of the side wall is not greater than a set height, and the bottom of the evaporation container is divided into a plurality of heating sub-zones corresponding to the area of the bottom wall. The heating device comprises a plurality of light condensing units, the plurality of light condensing units are used for heating the evaporation container by reflecting sunlight to the heating sub-zones. The detection unit is used for detecting the temperature of each heating sub-zone. The control unit is electrically connected with the detection unit and the light condensing unit, and the control unit is used for controlling the reflection direction and / or the light condensing magnification of the light condensing unit according to the temperature data obtained from the detection unit, so as to change the incident heat flux of the heating sub-zone. The application can effectively inhibit bubble splashing and improve the purity of metal evaporation through large-area uniform heating and evaporation container structure design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of metal refining technology, specifically to a metal evaporation device and a metal evaporation system. Background Technology

[0002] Metal evaporation is a process that utilizes the difference in vapor pressure between different metals at the same temperature to refine and purify a target metal. It is widely used in material purification, metal recovery, and thin film deposition. By heating, the target metal is preferentially converted from a molten state to a gaseous state, and then the gaseous target metal is condensed and recovered, thereby achieving metal separation and purification.

[0003] Existing large-scale metal evaporation systems typically employ resistance heating to evaporate metal placed in a crucible. However, these existing methods have significant drawbacks: The crucible is usually placed directly on the resistance heating element, which remains fixed relative to it. This results in uneven heat distribution, concentrating heat in the contact area between the heating element and the crucible, and creating high-heat-flux regions near the heating element. This leads to localized overheating with significantly higher temperatures and pressures than the surrounding areas, causing bubbles to preferentially nucleate and grow in these overheated regions. This, in turn, triggers violent boiling of the molten metal in these areas, resulting in bubble splashing. Furthermore, large-scale metal evaporation systems often utilize large-volume crucibles to increase the amount of metal evaporated in a single operation. These large-volume crucibles are often deep. In such cases, after bubbles nucleate at the depths where metal melting preferentially occurs, the pressure of the molten metal at the shallower areas gradually decreases as the bubbles rise, causing them to expand rapidly. Upon reaching the surface, the bubbles rupture, generating violent droplet splashes, further exacerbating the bubble splashing problem. The splashing metal droplets carry the entire composition of the molten metal (including impurities) rather than the pure vapor from selective evaporation, which can lead to serious consequences such as reduced purification efficiency and decreased purity of the recovered metal. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to address one of the technical problems in related technologies to a certain extent. Therefore, this application provides a metal evaporation apparatus and a metal evaporation system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: a metal evaporation apparatus, comprising:

[0006] An evaporation container having an open cavity with a bottom wall and side walls, the area of ​​the bottom wall being not less than a set area and the height of the side walls being not greater than a set height, the bottom of the evaporation container corresponding to the bottom wall being divided into multiple heating zones.

[0007] A heating device comprising a plurality of concentrating units for heating an evaporating container by reflecting sunlight to a heating zone;

[0008] A detection unit, used to detect the temperature of each heating zone;

[0009] The control unit is electrically connected to both the detection unit and the focusing unit, and the control unit is used to control and change the reflection direction and / or focusing magnification of the focusing unit according to the temperature data obtained from the detection unit, so as to change the incident heat flux of the heating zone.

[0010] The application of this application has the following beneficial effects: By setting the bottom of the evaporation container to a structure with a large area (bottom wall area not less than a set area) and shallow depth (side wall height not greater than a set height), the molten metal forms a "wide and shallow" liquid layer distribution within the container. On the one hand, the large bottom wall area provides sufficient solar heat receiving area, allowing heat to be distributed over a wide range and reducing the heat flux density per unit area. On the other hand, the shallow liquid layer significantly reduces the depth of the molten pool, thereby significantly reducing the volume expansion effect caused by pressure changes during bubble rise, suppressing unstable bubble growth and liquid surface rupture and splashing from the source.

[0011] In addition, multiple concentrating units are used to heat multiple heating zones, achieving spatially distributed heat input and avoiding localized overheating caused by traditional centralized heating methods. A detection unit is also included to acquire real-time temperature data for each heating zone. The control unit dynamically adjusts the reflection direction and / or concentration ratio of each concentrating unit based on temperature feedback, allowing for independent and precise control of the incident heat flux in each heating zone. This more accurately maintains temperature uniformity across the entire bottom wall area, further suppressing localized boiling. Through this synergistic effect, bubble splashing is effectively suppressed, achieving quiet metal evaporation and improving the purity of the evaporated metal.

[0012] Optionally, the set area is between 0.2㎡ and 2㎡, and the set height is between 15mm and 30mm.

[0013] Optionally, the focusing unit includes a heliostat assembly, the heliostat assembly includes a dual-axis tracking mechanism and a heliostat disposed on the dual-axis tracking mechanism, and the control unit is connected to the dual-axis tracking mechanism and can adjust the pitch angle and horizontal rotation angle of the heliostat through the dual-axis tracking mechanism.

[0014] Optionally, each of the concentrating units includes multiple sets of the heliostat assemblies.

[0015] Optionally, the number of the concentrating units is the same as the number of the heating zones and corresponds one-to-one, and the concentrating units are configured to reflect sunlight to their corresponding heating zones during the initial heating phase.

[0016] Optionally, the detection unit is an infrared thermal imager, and the field of view of the infrared thermal imager is configured to cover the entire heating zone.

[0017] Optionally, the focusing ratio of the focusing unit is configured to be adjustable between 50 and 500 times.

[0018] Optionally, the bottom of the evaporation container is rectangular, and the heating zone is also rectangular.

[0019] Optionally, the bottom outer surface of the evaporation container is provided with a heat-absorbing coating, the solar absorption rate of the heat-absorbing coating being not less than 0.9.

[0020] In addition, this application also provides a metal evaporation system, including a vacuum device and a condensation device. The metal evaporation system further includes a metal evaporation device as described in any of the above technical solutions. The condensation device forms a condensation chamber. The condensation device is disposed above the evaporation container and communicates the condensation chamber with the open cavity. The vacuum device is connected to the condensation device and is used to form a low vacuum in the condensation chamber and the open cavity.

[0021] The reasoning process for the beneficial effects of the metal evaporation system provided in this application is similar to that of the aforementioned metal evaporation device, and will not be repeated here.

[0022] These features and advantages of this application will be disclosed in detail in the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments or means of this application will be illustrated in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but are not intended to limit the technical solutions of this application. Furthermore, each of these features, elements, and components appearing in the following text and drawings is a plurality, and different symbols or numbers are used for convenience of representation, but all represent components with the same or similar structure or function. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further illustrates this application:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a metal evaporation device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the evaporator container;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the principle of the metal evaporation system for applying the metal evaporation apparatus provided in this embodiment.

[0027] Among them, 1. Evaporation container; 10. Open cavity; 11. Bottom wall; 12. Side wall; 13. Heating zone; 2. Heliostat; 3. Detection unit; 4. Vacuum pump; 5. Condensation device; 50. Condensation chamber; 51. Condensation plate; 52. Collection tank; 6. Insulation plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described are intended to explain this application and should not be construed as limiting it.

[0029] The terms "an embodiment," "example," or "trademark" used in this specification refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment itself that may be included in at least one embodiment disclosed in this application. The phrase "in an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0030] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise precisely specified.

[0031] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a connection through an intermediary, the internal connection of two elements, or the interaction between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] This embodiment provides a metal evaporation device, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the metal evaporation apparatus includes an evaporation container 1, a heating device, a detection unit 3, and a control unit. The evaporation container 1 forms an open cavity 10, which has a bottom wall 11 and side walls 12. The area of ​​the bottom wall 11 is not less than a set area, and the height of the side walls 12 is not greater than a set height H. The bottom of the evaporation container 1, corresponding to the area of ​​the bottom wall 11, is divided into multiple heating zones 13. The heating device includes multiple concentrating units, which are used to heat the evaporation container 1 by reflecting sunlight to the heating zones 13. The open cavity 10 of the evaporation container 1 is used to contain the metal material to be processed, and the heating device is used to provide heat energy to the evaporation container 1. After being heated, the evaporation container 1 can melt and evaporate the metal material for purification.

[0033] By designing the bottom of the evaporation container 1 as a structure with a large area (the area of ​​the bottom wall 11 is not less than a set area) and a shallow depth (the height of the side wall 12 is not greater than a set height), the molten metal forms a "wide and shallow" liquid layer distribution within the container. On one hand, the large-area bottom wall 11 provides ample solar heat receiving area, allowing heat to be distributed over a wide area and reducing the heat flux density per unit area. On the other hand, the shallow liquid layer significantly reduces the depth of the molten pool, thereby significantly reducing the volume expansion effect caused by pressure changes during bubble rise, suppressing unstable bubble growth and liquid surface rupture and splashing from the source. In addition, multiple concentrating units are used to heat multiple heating zones 13, achieving spatially distributed heat input and avoiding localized overheating caused by traditional centralized heating methods.

[0034] In this embodiment, the detection unit 3 is used to detect the temperature of each heating zone 13. The control unit is electrically connected to both the detection unit 3 and the focusing unit. The control unit controls the reflection direction and / or focusing magnification of the focusing unit based on the temperature data obtained from the detection unit 3, thereby changing the incident heat flux of the heating zone 13. By setting the detection unit 3 to acquire the temperature data of each heating zone 13 in real time, the control unit dynamically adjusts the reflection direction and / or focusing magnification of each focusing unit based on temperature feedback, enabling independent and precise control of the incident heat flux of each heating zone 13. This allows for more accurate maintenance of temperature uniformity across the entire bottom wall 11 area, further suppressing local boiling. Through this synergistic effect, bubble splashing can be effectively suppressed, achieving quiet metal evaporation and improving the purity of the evaporated metal.

[0035] In this embodiment, the evaporation container 1 is made of a high-temperature resistant material, specifically graphite. Graphite has excellent high-temperature resistance (withstanding temperatures above 2000°C) and good thermal conductivity, and it does not react significantly with most molten metals. In other alternative embodiments, the evaporation container 1 may also be made of high-temperature resistant materials such as silicon carbide, boron nitride, alumina ceramic, molybdenum metal, or tungsten metal; the specific material selection depends on the type of metal being processed and its operating temperature. The evaporation container 1 forms an open cavity 10, which is a concave structure with an opening at the top. This facilitates the insertion of the metal material to be processed and allows the metal to escape from the cavity after evaporation. The open cavity 10 is enclosed by a bottom wall 11 and side walls 12 extending upward from the edge of the bottom wall 11.

[0036] In this embodiment, the set area is 0.5㎡ and the set height H is 20mm. In other optional embodiments, the set area is between 0.2㎡ and 2㎡, and the set height H is between 15mm and 30mm. Setting the area of ​​the bottom wall 11 to be no less than 0.2㎡ ensures that the evaporation container 1 has a sufficiently large solar energy receiving area, allowing the solar energy input from the heating device to be fully dispersed on the bottom wall 11, avoiding excessively high heat flux density per unit area. This satisfies the needs of large-scale metal processing while ensuring that heat is fully distributed on the bottom wall 11. Simultaneously, the height of the side wall 12 is no greater than 20mm, meaning the depth of the open cavity 10 does not exceed 20mm. The height of the side wall 12 determines the maximum liquid surface depth of the molten metal in the open cavity 10. When the height of the side wall 12 does not exceed 20mm, even if the open cavity 10 is filled with molten metal, its liquid surface depth will not exceed 20mm. The shallow structure effectively reduces the static pressure at the bottom of the molten metal, thereby suppressing the violent expansion of bubbles after nucleation near the bottom wall 11 and preventing droplet splashing when bubbles rupture at the liquid surface. As a result, the evaporation container 1 has an overall "wide and shallow" geometric feature, which is the structural basis for achieving "quiet evaporation".

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the outer surface of the bottom of the evaporator 1 is divided into multiple heating zones 13. Each heating zone 13 is a virtual division on the bottom outer surface, and each heating zone 13 corresponds to a continuous sub-region on the bottom outer surface. By dividing the bottom outer surface into zones, the heating device can adjust the heat flux for different areas separately, thereby achieving high-precision overall temperature control of the bottom of the evaporator 1.

[0038] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the bottom of the evaporation container 1 is rectangular, and the heating zone 13 is also rectangular. The bottom of the evaporation container 1 is divided into a rectangular grid of M rows × N columns, for example, 16 heating zones 13 in total, with 4 rows × 4 columns. The combination of the rectangular zones and the rectangular bottom allows each heating zone 13 to be seamlessly joined, completely covering the entire outer surface of the bottom.

[0039] It should be noted that the heating zones 13 on the bottom outer surface can be visually marked by means of scribing lines or imprints to facilitate the initial alignment of each focusing unit during installation and debugging. In other optional embodiments, physical markings may not be set on the bottom outer surface. Instead, the boundary positions of each heating zone 13 may be defined by the partition coordinate data stored inside the control unit, and the pointing adjustment of the focusing unit may be controlled based on this coordinate data.

[0040] Each concentrating unit reflects sunlight onto one or more heating zones 13 on the bottom outer surface of the evaporation vessel 1. The reflection direction of each concentrating unit can be independently adjusted under controlled conditions, thereby independently controlling the position of the light spot projected onto each heating zone 13 and the incident heat flux. Figure 1 As shown, the focusing unit in this embodiment includes a heliostat 2 assembly, which includes a dual-axis tracking mechanism and a heliostat 2 mounted on the dual-axis tracking mechanism. The control unit is connected to the dual-axis tracking mechanism and can adjust the pitch angle and horizontal rotation angle of the heliostat 2 through the dual-axis tracking mechanism.

[0041] The heliostat 2 assembly is an existing product, and its structure and working principle are briefly described below: A column can be installed on a ground platform or base, and a dual-axis tracking mechanism can be mounted on the column. The dual-axis tracking mechanism has two rotational degrees of freedom, including a pitch rotation axis and a horizontal rotation axis. The axis of the pitch rotation axis extends horizontally and is used to drive the heliostat 2 to rotate around the horizontal axis, thereby changing the pitch angle of the heliostat 2 mirror. The axis of the horizontal rotation axis extends vertically and is used to drive the heliostat 2 to rotate around the vertical axis, thereby changing the horizontal rotation angle of the heliostat 2 mirror. Furthermore, a pitch drive motor and a horizontal drive motor can generally be provided. The pitch drive motor is fixedly mounted on the housing of the dual-axis tracking mechanism, and its output end is connected to the back of the heliostat 2 mirror through a pitch transmission structure. The pitch transmission structure can be, for example, a worm gear mechanism or a gear reduction mechanism, used to convert the rotational motion of the pitch drive motor into the oscillation of the heliostat 2 around the pitch rotation axis. A horizontal drive motor is fixedly installed on the top of the column, and its output end is connected to the housing of the dual-axis tracking mechanism through a horizontal transmission assembly. It is used to drive the dual-axis tracking mechanism and the heliostat 2 on it to rotate around the horizontal rotation axis. The horizontal transmission assembly is, for example, a combination of a slewing bearing and a gear.

[0042] Both the pitch drive motor and the horizontal drive motor are electrically connected to the control unit. By controlling the rotation direction and rotation angle of the two motors respectively, the control unit can precisely adjust the pitch angle and horizontal rotation angle of the heliostat 2, thereby projecting the solar spot reflected by the heliostat 2 onto any position of the target heating zone 13.

[0043] In this embodiment, each concentrating unit includes multiple sets of heliostat 2 components. When the reflected power of a single heliostat 2 component in a concentrating unit is insufficient to meet the heat demand of a certain heating zone 13, more sets of heliostat 2 components can be configured in that concentrating unit, so that multiple sets of heliostat 2 components simultaneously reflect sunlight to the same heating zone 13, thus superimposing the reflected energy of each heliostat 2 component. Alternatively, one or more sets of heliostat 2 components can be transferred from another concentrating unit to further superimpose the reflected energy of the heliostat 2 components. The arrangement of multiple sets of heliostat 2 components also provides system redundancy. When one set of heliostat 2 components cannot work due to failure or maintenance, the remaining heliostat 2 components can still continue to provide some heat to the heating zone 13, improving the reliability and continuous operation capability of the system.

[0044] It is readily understood that in other alternative implementations, each concentrating unit may also include only one set of heliostat 2 components.

[0045] Furthermore, considering that the bottom area of ​​the evaporation container 1 in this embodiment is not too large, four groups of concentrating units are provided in this embodiment, and each group of concentrating units is used to heat four heating zones 13 simultaneously. In an optional embodiment, the number of concentrating units can also be designed to be the same as the number of heating zones 13 and correspond one-to-one, and the concentrating units are configured to reflect sunlight to their corresponding heating zone 13 in the initial stage of heating.

[0046] In this embodiment, the focusing ratio of each concentrating unit is adjustable between 50x and 500x. The focusing ratio is the ratio of the reflective surface area of ​​the heliostat 2 to the projected area of ​​the solar spot on the heating zone 13. The focusing ratio can be adjusted by changing the focal length of the heliostat 2 or by changing the distance between the heliostat 2 and the heating zone 13. The adjustable focusing ratio allows each concentrating unit to flexibly adjust its output heat flux according to weather conditions and heating requirements, reducing the focusing ratio when solar radiation is strong to avoid overheating, and increasing the focusing ratio when radiation is weak to compensate for insufficient heat.

[0047] The detection unit 3 is located below the evaporation container 1 and is used to non-contactly acquire temperature distribution information on the bottom outer surface of the evaporation container 1. In this embodiment, the detection unit 3 is an infrared thermal imager, and the field of view of the infrared thermal imager is configured to cover the entire heating zone 13. An infrared thermal imager is a non-contact temperature measurement device that receives infrared radiation radiated from the surface of an object and converts it into temperature data. The infrared thermal imager includes an infrared optical system, an infrared detector array, and a signal processing circuit. The infrared optical system focuses the infrared radiation from the target object onto the infrared detector array, the infrared detector array converts the received infrared radiation into an electrical signal, and the signal processing circuit converts the electrical signal into digital temperature data and outputs it.

[0048] The signal output terminal of the infrared thermal imager is connected to the signal input terminal of the control unit via a signal cable or wireless communication module, which is used to transmit the collected temperature distribution data to the control unit in real time.

[0049] In other alternative embodiments, the detection unit 3 may also be an array of multiple point infrared temperature sensors, each point infrared temperature sensor corresponding to a heating zone 13, and detecting the temperature of that zone respectively.

[0050] In this embodiment, the control unit is an industrial computer, including a processor (CPU), RAM, a storage device (such as a solid-state drive or CF card), an input / output interface, and a communication interface. The storage device contains a control program, which, when executed by the processor, implements a temperature control method.

[0051] In this embodiment, the control unit is configured to execute the following control flow:

[0052] Step 1: The control unit receives the temperature signal (i.e., temperature image data) output by the infrared thermal imager, and converts the temperature image data into a temperature distribution map of the bottom outer surface through the image processing module. This temperature distribution map is stored in the memory of the control unit in the form of a pixel matrix.

[0053] Step 2: Calculate the temperature of each heating zone 13. The control unit divides the temperature distribution map into multiple sub-regions corresponding to each heating zone 13 based on pre-stored boundary coordinate data of the heating zones 13. For each sub-region, the control unit calculates the average of the temperature values ​​of all pixels within that sub-region as the actual temperature value of that heating zone 13. In other embodiments, the control unit may also calculate the median or weighted average temperature of the sub-region as the actual temperature value of the heating zone 13.

[0054] Step 3: The control unit calculates the required adjustment amount for the corresponding concentrating unit based on the temperature deviation between each heating zone 13. This adjustment amount includes the pitch angle adjustment and / or horizontal rotation angle adjustment of the heliostat 2. The control unit can use a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control algorithm to calculate the adjustment amount. PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control algorithm is existing technology. Specifically, when the actual temperature of a heating zone 13 is lower than the target temperature, the control unit calculates a positive adjustment amount, controlling the heliostat 2 of the corresponding concentrating unit to rotate in a direction that makes the light spot more concentrated in the center of the heating zone 13, or adjusting the concentration magnification to reduce the light spot area (thereby increasing the heat flux density of the area). Conversely, when the actual temperature of a heating zone 13 is higher than the target temperature, the control unit calculates a negative adjustment amount, controlling the heliostat 2 to rotate in a direction that makes the light spot deviate from the center of the heating zone 13, or adjusting the concentration magnification to increase the light spot area (thereby decreasing the heat flux density of the area). The target temperature is a preset temperature value according to process requirements, and the target temperature value can change with the duration of heating.

[0055] Step 4: The control unit converts the calculated adjustment amount into a motor drive signal, which is then sent to the motor of the dual-axis tracking mechanism of the corresponding focusing unit via the communication interface. This controls the pitch drive motor and / or the horizontal drive motor to rotate by the corresponding angle, thereby achieving the pointing adjustment of the heliostat 2.

[0056] In this embodiment, a heat-absorbing coating is also provided on the bottom outer surface of the evaporation container 1. The solar absorption rate of the heat-absorbing coating is not less than 0.9. The function of the heat-absorbing coating is to enhance the absorption capacity of the bottom outer surface of the solar radiation. By providing a heat-absorbing coating on the bottom outer surface, reflection loss can be significantly reduced and the utilization efficiency of solar energy can be improved.

[0057] In addition, such as Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also provides a metal evaporation system, which includes a vacuum device, a condensing device 5, and the metal evaporation device provided in this embodiment. The condensing device 5 forms a condensing chamber 50, is disposed above the evaporation container 1, and connects the condensing chamber 50 to the open cavity 10. The vacuum device is connected to the condensing device 5 and is used to create a low vacuum in the condensing chamber 50 and the open cavity 10. The condensing device 5 is disposed above the evaporation container 1 and includes a condensing shell, a condensing plate 51 disposed within the condensing shell, and a collecting groove 52 formed within the condensing shell. The condensing shell forms the condensing chamber 50. In this embodiment, a heat insulation plate 6 is also provided between the condensing shell and the evaporation container 1 to prevent heat from the evaporation container 1 from being conducted to the condensing shell.

[0058] A condenser plate 51 is disposed on the inner wall of the condenser shell. The condenser plate 51 is made of stainless steel or copper and has high thermal conductivity and good surface finish. When the metal evaporation system is working, the condenser shell maintains its inner wall temperature below the condensation temperature of the metal vapor through natural cooling or active cooling (e.g., by setting a cooling water jacket or heat dissipation fins on the outside of the condenser shell), thereby causing the metal vapor entering the condensation chamber 50 to condense into liquid metal on the smooth surface of the condenser plate 51.

[0059] In this embodiment, the condenser plate 51 is arranged at an angle, with the angle between the condenser plate 51 and the horizontal plane being approximately 15°. The inclined arrangement of the condenser plate 51 allows the condensed liquid metal to flow automatically downward along the condenser plate 51 under the action of gravity, thereby causing the liquid metal to collect at the lowest side edge of the condenser plate 51 and drip into the collection tank 52.

[0060] In this embodiment, the vacuum device is connected to the condensing device 5. Specifically, the vacuum device is a vacuum pump 4, and the pumping pipe of the vacuum pump 4 is connected to the condensing shell and extends into the condensing chamber 50. The vacuum pump 4 evacuates the condensing chamber 50 and the open cavity 10 through the pumping pipe, maintaining the condensing chamber 50 and the open cavity 10 in a low vacuum state.

[0061] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will understand that this application includes, but is not limited to, the contents described in the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments above. Any modifications that do not depart from the functional and structural principles of this application will be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A metal evaporation apparatus, characterized in that, include: An evaporation container having an open cavity with a bottom wall and side walls, the area of ​​the bottom wall being not less than a set area and the height of the side walls being not greater than a set height, the set area being 0.2 m² and the set height being 30 mm, the area at the bottom of the evaporation container corresponding to the bottom wall being divided into multiple heating zones; A heating device includes multiple concentrating units for heating an evaporation container by reflecting sunlight to a heating zone. Each concentrating unit includes a heliostat assembly, which includes a dual-axis tracking mechanism and a heliostat disposed on the dual-axis tracking mechanism. A detection unit is located below the evaporation container. The detection unit is used to acquire temperature distribution information of the bottom outer surface of the evaporation container in a non-contact manner and to detect the temperature of each heating zone. The control unit is electrically connected to both the detection unit and the focusing unit, and the control unit is used to control and change the reflection direction and / or focusing magnification of the focusing unit according to the temperature data obtained from the detection unit, so as to change the incident heat flux of the heating zone. The control unit is connected to the dual-axis tracking mechanism and can adjust the pitch angle and horizontal rotation angle of the heliostat through the dual-axis tracking mechanism. The control unit is configured to calculate the required adjustment amount for the corresponding concentrating unit based on the temperature deviation value between each heating zone using a PID control algorithm. The adjustment amount includes the pitch angle adjustment amount and / or horizontal rotation angle adjustment amount of the heliostat.

2. The metal evaporation apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the concentrating units includes multiple sets of the heliostat assemblies.

3. The metal evaporation apparatus as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The number of the concentrating units is the same as the number of the heating zones and they correspond one-to-one. The concentrating units are configured to reflect sunlight to their corresponding heating zones during the initial heating phase.

4. The metal evaporation apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection unit is an infrared thermal imager, and the field of view of the infrared thermal imager is configured to cover the entire heating zone.

5. The metal evaporation apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The focusing ratio of the focusing unit is configured to be between 50 and 500 times.

6. The metal evaporation apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the evaporation container is rectangular, and the heating zone is also rectangular.

7. The metal evaporation apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom outer surface of the evaporation container is provided with a heat-absorbing coating, and the solar absorption rate of the heat-absorbing coating is not less than 0.

9.

8. A metal evaporation system, comprising a vacuum device and a condensation device, characterized in that, The metal evaporation system further includes a metal evaporation device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the condensing device forms a condensing chamber, the condensing device is disposed above the evaporation container and connects the condensing chamber to the open cavity, and the vacuum device is connected to the condensing device and is used to form a low vacuum in the condensing chamber and the open cavity.

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