Fully mechanized mining complete equipment and mining technology in coal mine

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of coal mining, more particularly to a kind of coal mine underground fully mechanized mining complete equipment and coal mining technology.The equipment includes hydraulic support, coal winning machine and scraper, and the hydraulic support is provided with an advanced cutting device, and the coal winning machine is integrated with a crushing roller and a cutting and transporting gun head;A hydrological monitoring and early warning module is installed on the base, and water inrush risk perception is realized through water pressure and microseismic sensors, and a drainage pump and an audible and visual alarm are automatically linked;An environmental perception fire extinguishing module and a roof state monitoring module are arranged on the top frame, and fire gas early warning power-off and roof abnormal real-time alarm are realized through temperature and smoke composite sensor and pressure sensor respectively.The present application combines disaster perception and intelligent detection, realizes the prevention and control of water disaster, fire, roof disaster, improves the level of fully mechanized mining automation, effectively prevents well flooding, gas explosion, roof fall and other accidents, and reduces occupational health hazards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, and more specifically to a complete set of underground fully mechanized mining equipment and mining technology. Background Technology

[0002] Underground coal mining operations face complex and harsh environments, and are constantly threatened by disasters such as gas, water hazards, fires, roof falls, coal dust, and rock bursts. While traditional fully mechanized mining operations have been equipped with some mechanized equipment and safety monitoring systems, many technical bottlenecks still exist. Firstly, in terms of flood prevention, existing methods mostly rely on regular manual inspections or single water level monitoring, lacking the ability to detect microseismic changes that indicate potential foundation ruptures or the development of water diversion channels, making it difficult to predict the risk of sudden water inrush. Once water accumulates in old workings and flows through a fault, delayed warnings often lead to flooding of the working face, damage to equipment, or even personnel being trapped and drowning.

[0003] Secondly, in terms of fire and gas control, traditional monitoring is mostly a passive response mode after the discovery of open flames, lacking a multi-dimensional integrated early warning mechanism that integrates gas, temperature, and smoke. In the confined space underground, the initial characteristics of gas accumulation or coal seam spontaneous combustion are not obvious. By the time measures such as power outages and fire extinguishing are taken after the concentration exceeds the standard or an open flame appears, the best time for response is easily missed, leading to gas explosions, fires, or personnel asphyxiation and poisoning accidents.

[0004] Secondly, regarding roof management, after coal mining, the roof loses its support, making it prone to spalling, roof falls, and large-scale collapses. Existing hydraulic supports are mostly passively load-bearing, lacking real-time sensing of abnormal support pressure, and unable to adjust the support status in time or coordinate with the coal mining machine to reduce disturbance, resulting in roadway compression and deformation, injuries and equipment damage, and seriously affecting coal quality.

[0005] In addition, a large amount of coal dust is generated during coal mining, cutting, and transportation. Traditional processes lack automation, requiring personnel to operate or inspect at close range. Long-term exposure to high dust environments makes them highly susceptible to irreversible pneumoconiosis and other occupational diseases.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a complete set of underground coal mining equipment and its mining technology that integrates intelligent sensing and automatic early warning, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and achieve advanced disaster prevention and control and unmanned safe mining. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a complete set of underground fully mechanized mining equipment and mining process to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a complete set of underground fully mechanized mining equipment, including a hydraulic support, a coal mining machine, and a scraper conveyor, wherein the coal mining machine is installed on the side of the hydraulic support facing the coal mining face, and the scraper conveyor is installed below the coal mining machine; The hydraulic support includes a base, a telescopic arm, a hydraulic cylinder, a top frame, and an advanced cutting device. The base is connected to the top frame via the telescopic arm. The bottom of the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the base, and the top of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the top frame. The advanced cutting device is installed on the side of the top frame facing the coal mining face. The coal mining machine includes a crushing drum and a cutting and conveying head. The crushing drum is installed above the scraper conveyor, and the cutting and conveying head is installed on the side of the crushing drum facing the coal mining face.

[0009] Preferably, in the above-mentioned complete set of underground coal mining equipment: the base of the hydraulic support is connected to the scraper conveyor, and a coal retaining plate for guiding the coal is provided below the top frame.

[0010] Preferably, in the above-mentioned complete set of coal mine underground mining equipment: the advanced cutting device includes an advanced cutting drive device and an advanced cutting head, wherein the advanced cutting drive device drives the advanced cutting head to rotate to perform cutting operations.

[0011] Preferably, in the above-mentioned complete set of underground coal mining equipment: two crushing drums are arranged side by side, the surface of the crushing drums is provided with crushing teeth, and a gap is left between the two crushing drums for coal to fall onto the scraper conveyor.

[0012] Preferably, in the above-mentioned complete set of underground coal mining equipment: the surface of the cutting and transporting head is provided with cutting teeth and spiral blades for conveying coal to the crushing drum.

[0013] Preferably, in the above-mentioned complete set of underground coal mining equipment: the crushing drum and the cutting and transporting blasting head are respectively equipped with a crushing drum drive device and a cutting and transporting blasting head drive device to drive them; the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic station through a pipeline to drive the hydraulic cylinder to lift and lower.

[0014] Preferably, in the above-mentioned complete set of underground coal mining equipment: a hydrological monitoring and early warning module is installed on the hydraulic support base. The hydrological monitoring and early warning module includes a water pressure sensor and a micro-vibration sensor. The water pressure sensor and the micro-vibration sensor are electrically connected to an audible and visual alarm and a drainage pump controller. When the detection value of the water pressure sensor or the micro-vibration sensor exceeds a preset threshold, the audible and visual alarm sounds an alarm, and the drainage pump controller automatically starts the drainage pump to drain water.

[0015] Preferably, in the above-mentioned complete set of coal mine underground mining equipment: an environmental sensing fire extinguishing module is installed on the top frame of the hydraulic support. The environmental sensing fire extinguishing module includes a temperature and smoke composite sensor and a power-off relay. The temperature and smoke composite sensor is electrically connected to the power-off relay and is used to send a signal to the audible and visual alarm to issue an alarm when the temperature or smoke exceeds the standard, and to trigger the power-off relay to cut off the power supply to the coal mining equipment.

[0016] Preferably, in the above-mentioned complete set of coal mine underground mining equipment: a roof condition monitoring module is installed on the top frame of the hydraulic support, the roof condition monitoring module is equipped with a pressure sensor to monitor the support pressure, and when the pressure sensor detects an abnormal support pressure, it sends a signal to an audible and visual alarm to issue an alarm.

[0017] A coal mining process based on a complete set of fully mechanized coal mining equipment in an underground coal mine includes the following steps: S1. Advance cutting and crushing coal mining: Start the advance cutting drive device to drive the advance cutting head to rotate and pre-cut the coal body in front of the coal mining working face; at the same time, start the coal mining machine, use the cutting and transporting head to cut the coal wall and transport the coal material to the crushing drum through the spiral blades, and then fall into the scraper conveyor through the gap between the two crushing drums. S2. Hydraulic support for machine support: During the movement of the coal mining machine, the hydraulic cylinder is raised and lowered by the hydraulic station, which drives the top frame and telescopic arm to move, so that the hydraulic support can support the top plate in time; the coal retaining plate on the base guides the falling coal and prevents the coal from overflowing the scraper conveyor. S3. Real-time hydrological monitoring and automatic drainage: During the coal mining process, water pressure sensors and micro-vibration sensors installed on the hydraulic support base are used to collect the water pressure and micro-vibration signals of the bottom plate in real time. When the detected value exceeds the preset threshold, the audible and visual alarm will automatically sound an alarm, and the drainage pump controller will automatically start the drainage pump to drain water. S4. Environmental fire detection and power failure protection: The temperature and smoke composite sensor installed on the top frame of the hydraulic support is used to monitor the ambient temperature and smoke concentration of the working face in real time. When the temperature or smoke exceeds the standard, the audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the power supply of the coal mining equipment is automatically cut off through the power failure relay. S5. Roof pressure monitoring and early warning: The pressure sensor installed on the hydraulic support top frame monitors the support pressure in real time. When an abnormal support pressure is detected, a signal is sent to the audible and visual alarm to issue a roof disaster warning and prompt on-site personnel to take emergency measures.

[0018] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention employs a complete set of intelligent fully mechanized mining equipment for underground coal mines, using an advanced cutting method to avoid large-area roof collapse, coal wall spalling, soft coal, coal wall cracking and falling, and mine pressure. The structural design of the coal mining machine in this invention not only improves the coal output rate but also the lump coal rate. The mechanism design used in this invention not only greatly improves mining efficiency but also reduces equipment damage rate, thus reducing workload and costs for later operation and maintenance.

[0019] This invention improves the automation level of fully mechanized mining and significantly reduces occupational health hazards. This equipment achieves fully automated operation of the entire coal mining process through the coordinated operation of advanced cutting, crushing drums, and cutting and transporting blasting heads, combined with automatic hydraulic support and coal retaining plate guidance. It drastically reduces the number of underground workers and their exposure time in high-dust, high-noise environments, fundamentally reducing the risk of irreversible occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis and improving the working environment and labor conditions.

[0020] This invention also enables early warning and automatic emergency response to water hazards, preventing well flooding and personnel drowning accidents. By integrating water pressure sensors and micro-vibration sensors into the hydraulic support base, it can not only monitor the dynamic water pressure of the aquifer in real time, but also capture micro-vibration precursor signals of bottom plate rupture and water channel development. When the monitored value exceeds a preset threshold, the system automatically triggers an audible and visual alarm and simultaneously starts the drainage pump, effectively preventing the risk of sudden water inundation of the working face, equipment damage, and personnel drowning.

[0021] This invention enables proactive fire and gas prevention by installing a temperature and smoke composite sensor on the top frame of the hydraulic support. This allows for 24-hour real-time multi-dimensional monitoring of gas, temperature, and smoke in a confined space. Once an anomaly is detected, the system automatically triggers a power-off relay to cut off the power supply to the coal mining equipment and issue an alarm. This eliminates the risk of electrical sparks igniting gas or coal dust at the source, preventing gas explosions, combustion, and personnel asphyxiation and poisoning, and ensuring inherent safety under unattended conditions.

[0022] This invention enhances real-time monitoring of roof condition, effectively preventing roof falls and rockburst disasters. By collecting support pressure data in real time through pressure sensors in the roof condition monitoring module, it can promptly detect roof pressure, insufficient support, or precursors to rockburst. It can provide early warnings and assist in adjusting support strategies when roof pressure is abnormal, avoiding large-scale roof collapse, coal wall spalling, and roadway compression deformation. This not only protects the safety of personnel and equipment but also reduces the mixing of gangue and improves coal quality. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent fully mechanized coal mining equipment in the coal mine from the perspective of the axial direction of the coal mining roadway. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. The technical solutions involved in the present invention are not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 The present invention provides a complete set of underground coal mining equipment, including a hydraulic support, a coal mining machine and a scraper conveyor 1, wherein the coal mining machine is installed on the side of the hydraulic support facing the coal mining face, and the scraper conveyor 1 is installed below the coal mining machine; The hydraulic support includes a base 2, a telescopic arm 3, a hydraulic cylinder 4, a top frame 5, and an advanced cutting device 6. The base 2 is connected to the top frame 5 through the telescopic arm 3. The bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 4 is mounted on the base 2, and the top of the hydraulic cylinder 4 is connected to the top frame 5. The advanced cutting device 6 is installed on the side of the top frame 5 facing the coal mining face. The coal mining machine includes a crushing drum 7 and a cutting and conveying head 8. The crushing drum 7 is installed above the scraper conveyor 1, and the cutting and conveying head 8 is installed on the side of the crushing drum 7 facing the coal mining face.

[0026] To further optimize the above technical solution: the base 2 of the hydraulic support is connected to the scraper conveyor 1, and a coal baffle 9 for guiding the coal is provided below the top frame 5.

[0027] The scraper conveyor 1 is set up with a track on the side closest to the coal mining face, which simplifies the cables and water and liquid supply devices and reduces the equipment damage rate.

[0028] To further optimize the above technical solution: the advanced cutting device 6 includes an advanced cutting drive device 10 and an advanced cutting head 11, the advanced cutting drive device 10 drives the advanced cutting head 11 to rotate to perform cutting operations.

[0029] To further optimize the above technical solution: two crushing drums 7 are arranged side by side, and crushing teeth are provided on the surface of the crushing drums 7. A gap is left between the two crushing drums 7 for the coal to fall onto the scraper conveyor 1.

[0030] To further optimize the above technical solution: the surface of the cutting and transporting head 8 is provided with cutting teeth and spiral blades 12 for conveying coal to the crushing drum 7.

[0031] To further optimize the above technical solution: the crushing drum 7 and the cutting and conveying head 8 are respectively equipped with a crushing drum drive device and a cutting and conveying head drive device to drive them. The crushing drum drive device and the cutting and conveying head drive device are motors or electric motors; the hydraulic cylinder 4 is connected to the hydraulic station through a pipeline to drive the hydraulic cylinder 4 to lift and lower.

[0032] To further optimize the above technical solution: a hydrological monitoring and early warning module is installed on the hydraulic support base 2. The hydrological monitoring and early warning module includes a water pressure sensor and a micro-vibration sensor. The water pressure sensor and the micro-vibration sensor are electrically connected to an audible and visual alarm and a drainage pump controller. When the value detected by the water pressure sensor or the micro-vibration sensor exceeds the preset threshold, the audible and visual alarm sounds an alarm, and the drainage pump controller automatically starts the drainage pump to drain water.

[0033] To further optimize the above technical solution: An environmental sensing fire extinguishing module is installed on the hydraulic support top frame 5. The environmental sensing fire extinguishing module includes a temperature and smoke composite sensor and a power-off relay. The temperature and smoke composite sensor is electrically connected to the power-off relay and is used to send a signal to the audible and visual alarm when the temperature or smoke exceeds the standard, and to trigger the power-off relay to cut off the power supply to the coal mining equipment.

[0034] To further optimize the above technical solution: a top plate status monitoring module is installed on the hydraulic support top frame 5. The top plate status monitoring module is equipped with a pressure sensor to monitor the support pressure. When the pressure sensor detects an abnormal support pressure, it sends a signal to the audible and visual alarm to issue an alarm.

[0035] A coal mining process based on fully mechanized mining equipment in underground coal mines allows for the formation of coal mining lines of arbitrary length by splicing any number of fully mechanized mining equipment sets when laying out the longwall face.

[0036] Includes the following steps: S1. Advance cutting and crushing coal mining: Start the advance cutting drive device 10 to drive the advance cutting head 11 to rotate and pre-cut the coal body in front of the coal mining working face; at the same time, start the coal mining machine, use the cutting and transporting head 8 to cut the coal wall and transport the coal material to the crushing drum 7 through the spiral blades 12, and then fall into the scraper conveyor 1 through the gap between the two crushing drums 7 and be transported out. S2. Hydraulic support for machine support: During the movement of the coal mining machine, the hydraulic cylinder 4 is raised and lowered by the hydraulic station, which drives the top frame 5 and the telescopic arm 3 to move, so that the hydraulic support can support the top plate in time; the coal baffle 9 on the base 2 guides the falling coal and prevents the coal from overflowing the scraper conveyor 1. S3. Real-time hydrological monitoring and automatic drainage: During the coal mining process, the water pressure sensor and micro-vibration sensor installed on the hydraulic support base 2 are used to collect the water pressure and micro-vibration signals of the bottom plate in real time. When the detected value exceeds the preset threshold, the audible and visual alarm will automatically sound an alarm, and the drainage pump controller will automatically start the drainage pump to drain water. S4. Environmental fire detection and power failure protection: The temperature and smoke composite sensor installed on the hydraulic support top frame 5 is used to monitor the ambient temperature and smoke concentration of the working face in real time. When the temperature or smoke exceeds the standard, the audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the power supply of the coal mining equipment is automatically cut off through the power failure relay. S5. Roof pressure monitoring and early warning: The pressure sensor installed on the hydraulic support top frame 5 monitors the support pressure in real time. When an abnormal support pressure is detected, a signal is sent to the audible and visual alarm to issue a roof disaster warning and prompt on-site personnel to take emergency measures.

[0037] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully mechanized coal mining equipment in a coal mine, characterized in that, The hydraulic support, the coal mining machine and the scraper, wherein the coal mining machine is installed on one side of the hydraulic support towards the coal mining face, and the scraper is installed below the coal mining machine; The hydraulic support comprises a base, a telescopic arm, a hydraulic cylinder, a top frame and an advanced cutting device, wherein the base is connected with the top frame through the telescopic arm, the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the base, and the top of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the top frame; the advanced cutting device is installed on one side of the top frame towards the coal mining face; The coal mining machine comprises a crushing roller and a cutting and conveying cannon head, wherein the crushing roller is installed above the scraper, and the cutting and conveying cannon head is installed on one side of the crushing roller towards the coal mining face.

2. The fully-mechanized coal mining face equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base of the hydraulic support is connected with the scraper, and a coal blocking plate for guiding coal is arranged below the top frame.

3. The fully-mechanized coal mining face equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The advanced cutting device comprises an advanced cutting driving device and an advanced cutting head, wherein the advanced cutting driving device drives the advanced cutting head to rotate for cutting operation.

4. The fully-mechanized coal mining face equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing roller is provided with two crushing teeth on the surface, and a gap is left between the two crushing rollers for coal falling into the scraper.

5. The fully-mechanized coal mining face equipment of claim 1, wherein: The surface of the cutting and conveying cannon head is provided with cutting teeth and spiral blades for conveying coal to the crushing roller.

6. The fully-mechanized coal mining face equipment of claim 1, wherein: The crushing roller and the cutting and conveying cannon head are respectively provided with a crushing roller driving device and a cutting and conveying cannon head driving device for driving operation; the hydraulic cylinder is connected with a hydraulic station through a pipeline to drive the hydraulic cylinder to lift.

7. The fully-mechanized coal mining face equipment of claim 1, wherein: A hydrological monitoring and early warning module is installed on the base of the hydraulic support, the hydrological monitoring and early warning module comprises a water pressure sensor and a microseismic sensor, the water pressure sensor and the microseismic sensor are electrically connected with an audible and visual alarm and a drainage pump controller; when the detection value of the water pressure sensor or the microseismic sensor exceeds the preset threshold value, the audible and visual alarm sends an alarm, and the drainage pump controller automatically starts the drainage pump to drain water.

8. The fully-mechanized coal mining face equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: An environment sensing fire extinguishing module is installed on the top frame of the hydraulic support, the environment sensing fire extinguishing module comprises a temperature and smoke composite sensor and a power-off relay; the temperature and smoke composite sensor is electrically connected with the power-off relay, for sending a signal to the audible and visual alarm to send an alarm and triggering the power-off relay to cut off the power supply of the coal mining equipment when detecting that the temperature or smoke exceeds the standard.

9. The fully-mechanized coal mining face equipment of claim 7, wherein: A roof state monitoring module is installed on the top frame of the hydraulic support, the roof state monitoring module is provided with a pressure sensor for monitoring support pressure, and the pressure sensor sends a signal to the audible and visual alarm to send an alarm when detecting that the support pressure is abnormal.

10. A coal mining process of the coal mine fully mechanized mining complete equipment according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, advanced cutting and crushing coal mining: start the advanced cutting driving device to drive the advanced cutting head to rotate, pre-cut the coal body in front of the coal mining face; at the same time, start the coal mining machine to cut the coal wall by the cutting and conveying cannon head and convey the coal to the crushing roller by the spiral blades, and then fall into the scraper through the gap between the two crushing rollers. S2. Hydraulic support for machine support: During the movement of the coal mining machine, the hydraulic cylinder is raised and lowered by the hydraulic station, which drives the top frame and telescopic arm to move, so that the hydraulic support can support the top plate in time; the coal retaining plate on the base guides the falling coal and prevents the coal from overflowing the scraper conveyor. S3. Real-time hydrological monitoring and automatic drainage: During the coal mining process, water pressure sensors and micro-vibration sensors installed on the hydraulic support base are used to collect the water pressure and micro-vibration signals of the bottom plate in real time. When the detected value exceeds the preset threshold, the audible and visual alarm will automatically sound an alarm, and the drainage pump controller will automatically start the drainage pump to drain water. S4. Environmental fire detection and power failure protection: The temperature and smoke composite sensor installed on the top frame of the hydraulic support is used to monitor the ambient temperature and smoke concentration of the working face in real time. When the temperature or smoke exceeds the standard, the audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the power supply of the coal mining equipment is automatically cut off through the power failure relay. S5. Roof pressure monitoring and early warning: The pressure sensor installed on the hydraulic support top frame monitors the support pressure in real time. When an abnormal support pressure is detected, a signal is sent to the audible and visual alarm to issue a roof disaster warning and prompt on-site personnel to take emergency measures.

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