Self-adaptive coal collecting device for return air roadway of top-breaking and bottom-mining in thin coal seam

Abstract

The application discloses a thin coal seam along top breaking bottom mining return air roadway self-adaptive coal collecting device, and belongs to the technical field of thin coal seam mining, which comprises a mobile walking base, a connecting pin shaft I, a leveling mechanism, a coal falling collecting mechanism, a telescopic coal blocking mechanism, a hydraulic control system, a signal detection unit and an intelligent regulation and control unit. In the existing thin coal seam along top breaking bottom mining operation, the coal wall in the working face triangular area is easy to scatter in the return air roadway after collapse, because there is a difference between the working face floor and the roadway floor, the coal falling in the roadway is difficult to be recovered by the coal mining machine, the conventional coal collecting device has poor working condition adaptability and limited coal collecting effect, a large amount of residual coal is left, which not only causes serious waste of coal resources, but also easily causes poor ventilation of the return air roadway. The application can effectively improve the thin coal seam coal resource recovery rate, avoid the ventilation safety risk caused by the coal accumulation in the return air roadway from the source, adapt to the thin coal seam along top breaking bottom intelligent mining working condition demand, and has the advantages of compact structure, strong environmental adaptability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thin coal seam mining technology, specifically relating to an adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway in thin coal seam mining along the top and bottom. Background Technology

[0002] In my country's thin coal seam mining technology field, the industry commonly adopts the roof-and-bottom-breaking mining technique for complex geological conditions such as thin coal seams and low roof strength. This technique can preserve the integrity of the roof to the greatest extent possible, effectively avoid insufficient mining height in thin coal seams, and significantly improve the resource recovery rate of thin coal seams. It is one of the mainstream techniques for efficient mining of thin coal seams at present. However, the roof-and-bottom-breaking mining technique has significant drawbacks in practical applications, as detailed below: During the mining process along the roof of the working face, the coal wall in the tail triangle area is repeatedly disturbed by mining stress, making it very easy to break and fall off, and accumulate in the return airway. Due to the undulating trend of the coal seam, the height difference between the working face and the return air roadway fluctuates dynamically. After the coal mining machine cuts the triangular coal, it cannot recover the scattered coal in the roadway to the conveyor, resulting in the continuous accumulation of floating coal generated during the operation, causing a large amount of coal resources to be lost and the problem of resource waste to be prominent. Return airway is a key channel for mine ventilation and gas emission. Long-term accumulation of loose coal in the roadway will continuously compress the effective ventilation cross section and increase the roadway air resistance, which can easily lead to multiple safety hazards such as local gas accumulation, excessive dust concentration, and spontaneous combustion of coal seam, seriously restricting the safe, efficient and continuous production of thin coal seam working face.

[0003] Currently, most existing coal receiving and cleaning equipment in return air roadways adopts a fixed shovel structure, which has significant technical deficiencies in adaptability and functionality, and cannot meet the complex working conditions required by top-down mining. First, there is a lack of dedicated coal collection and lateral coal containment structures, which can only perform simple cleaning of coal accumulated on the surface of the roadway floor, failing to effectively collect and recover loose coal falling from the tail triangle area and coal sliding down the roadway sidewalls, resulting in low coal recovery rates and unresolved resource waste. Second, the adaptability to working conditions is poor. Affected by the dynamic difference in elevation between the working face and the roadway, traditional fixed shovel structures are prone to tilting and deviation during operation, seriously affecting the overall performance of the scraper conveyor equipment. Third, the level of automation is low. During equipment operation, manual assistance is required to adjust the posture and clean accumulated coal, resulting in high labor intensity for workers, low coal cleaning efficiency, and an inability to meet the development needs of intelligent and unmanned mining.

[0004] In summary, there is currently no dedicated coal receiving device in the industry that is suitable for the complex roadway conditions of top-and-bottom mining, can achieve comprehensive and efficient recovery of loose coal in the roadway, and is highly automated and stable in operation. Given the multiple technical shortcomings of existing processes and equipment, there is an urgent need to develop a dedicated automated coal receiving device to solve industry problems such as coal accumulation and waste, significant safety hazards, and low operational efficiency in thin coal seam mining. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to address the problems of existing coal collection equipment in thin coal seam top-and-bottom mining return airway, such as weak adaptability to operating conditions, excessive residual loose coal on the floor, difficulty in collecting top coal in the triangular area of ​​the roadway, and insufficient automation. It also aims to avoid the safety hazards and waste of coal resources caused by coal accumulation. To this end, this invention provides an adaptive coal collection device for thin coal seam top-and-bottom mining return airway. It adopts an integrated structure design of intelligent sensing, multi-point adaptive leveling, and multi-dimensional closed collection, enabling full-range, residue-free recovery of loose coal on the roadway floor, fallen coal from the roof, and loose coal on the sidewalls. This device can adapt to complex mining conditions with dynamic changes in the height difference between the working face and the return airway floor, effectively improving coal extraction rate, eliminating ventilation safety risks caused by coal accumulation in the roadway, and meeting the operational requirements of intelligent unmanned mining of thin coal seams.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: an adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway in a thin coal seam along the top and bottom of the mining process, characterized in that it includes a mobile walking base, a connecting pin I, a leveling mechanism, a coal falling and collecting mechanism, a retractable coal blocking mechanism, a hydraulic control system, a signal detection unit and an intelligent control unit; The mobile walking base is the supporting base of the tail drive device and is hinged to the leveling mechanism through connecting pin I. The mobile walking base includes a mobile walking base body, hydraulic cylinder I, support pad, and height adjustment pad. Four sets of hydraulic cylinder I are evenly distributed between the mobile walking base body and the support pad. Several layers of height adjustment pads are set on both sides of the four sets of hydraulic cylinder I. The height of the support pad is controlled by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder I. The leveling mechanism includes a support platform, hydraulic cylinder II, support base, connecting pin II, and floating coal cleaning shovel. Four sets of hydraulic cylinder II are evenly distributed between the support platform and the support base. The floating coal cleaning shovel is hinged to the front end of the support base through the connecting pin II. The coal collection mechanism includes a fixed pin, a folding lateral coal containment assembly, a hydraulic cylinder III, and a connecting pin III. The folding lateral coal containment assembly is mounted above the leveling mechanism and is hinged to the support platform via the fixed pin. The hydraulic cylinder III is used to drive the folding lateral coal containment assembly to complete the flipping action. The retractable coal blocking mechanism includes a vertical lifting component, a connecting pin IV, a hydraulic cylinder IV, and a limit block, wherein the vertical lifting component is hinged to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder IV via the connecting pin IV; The hydraulic control system includes electro-hydraulic control valves, check valves, relief valves, and piping systems. The signal detection unit includes a stroke sensor and a laser rangefinder. There are 12 sets of stroke sensors, which are built into each hydraulic cylinder. There are two sets of laser rangefinders, which are respectively located at the tail end of the tail drive device and the side of the vertical lifting assembly. The intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the signal detection unit and the hydraulic control system respectively. The intelligent control unit is used to acquire the detection signal of the laser ranging sensor and, combined with the real-time feedback data of the stroke sensors of each hydraulic cylinder, drive the electro-hydraulic control valve to precisely control the extension and retraction of each hydraulic cylinder, thereby realizing the automated operation of the coal receiving device's leveling, coal receiving, and coal blocking functions. Furthermore, the support platform is provided with three sets of double-layer grooves, and the support base is provided with three sets of single-layer plates. The double-layer grooves and single-layer plates are nested and limited to each other, which can effectively prevent the support platform from tilting during operation. Furthermore, the floating coal cleaning shovel adopts a wedge-shaped structure that is narrow at the front and wide at the back; Furthermore, the coal collection mechanism, leveling mechanism, and retractable coal blocking mechanism work together to form a semi-enclosed coal collection cavity. This cavity can simultaneously complete the integrated intelligent operation of equipment movement, residual coal cleaning at the bottom of the return air roadway, and coal collection during coal mining operations, effectively preventing coal scattering and leakage. It is specifically used to recover coal that has collapsed from the coal wall in the triangular area of ​​the working face during mining. Furthermore, the lifting assembly is powered by hydraulic cylinder IV to achieve vertical lifting, which is used to block coal falling from the top and sides of the coal wall in the triangular area, and is suitable for mining operation scenarios with different coal seam thicknesses.

[0007] Furthermore, the foldable lateral coal containment assembly has two sets of square holes B, and the retractable coal blocking mechanism has two sets of limiting blocks. The limiting blocks and the square holes B are interlocked to limit and constrain the vertical lifting assembly. Furthermore, the hydraulic control system consists of four sets of electro-hydraulic control valves, which individually control four sets of hydraulic cylinders I, four sets of hydraulic cylinders II, two sets of hydraulic cylinders III, and two sets of hydraulic cylinders IV. Each hydraulic control circuit is equipped with a check valve and a relief valve.

[0008] Furthermore, the leveling mechanism, coal collection mechanism, and retractable coal blocking mechanism all adopt a modular integrated design, which can be flexibly adapted and adjusted according to the space size of the return air roadway, the drop between the working face and the roadway floor, and the coal seam thickness, adapting to fully mechanized mining faces with a coal seam thickness of 0.8m to 2m and a floor undulation of 0.2m to 0.5m.

[0009] Furthermore, the adaptive coal receiving device operation process includes pushing the moving base, adjusting the height of the support pad, adjusting the height of the support platform, adjusting the height of the vertical lifting component, the coal mining machine cutting the triangular coal, the folding lateral coal enclosure component rotating to collect coal, and the coal mining machine cleaning the bottom residual coal, so as to achieve efficient, continuous and safe recovery of the triangular coal in the working face. Beneficial effects

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1. This invention adopts a four-corner distributed hydraulic leveling mechanism, combined with a stroke sensor and a laser ranging sensor, which breaks through the technical limitations of the traditional fixed coal receiving plate. It can adapt to the height difference between the working face and the roadway floor under the top-breaking-bottom mining condition, which helps the coal mining machine to thoroughly clean the residual coal in the return air roadway, effectively reduce coal resource loss, and greatly improve the thoroughness of coal receiving operations.

[0011] 2. This invention features an adjustable semi-enclosed coal collection mechanism. Relying on the vertical lifting of the extendable coal-blocking mechanism and the lateral folding and flipping of the coal collection mechanism, it achieves multi-dimensional coal collection adjustment, forming a semi-enclosed coal collection chamber. This adapts to different roadway sizes and roof coal dispersion conditions, overcoming the pain points of traditional equipment in collecting roof and sidewall coal, and achieving integrated full recovery of coal from the roadway top, sidewalls, and floor. Simultaneously, it optimizes the underground working environment, eliminates coal accumulation and roadway blockage, and ensures ventilation safety in the return airway.

[0012] 3. This invention integrates a multi-source intelligent sensing module with a fully automatic electro-hydraulic linkage control system, which can automatically complete the entire process of working condition identification, attitude leveling, structural adjustment and coal collection. It has a high level of automation, effectively reduces the intensity of manual labor, and is in line with the development trend of intelligent and continuous mining of thin coal seams.

[0013] 4. The invention has a compact overall structure and is specifically designed for thin coal seam return air roadway conditions. It has strong environmental adaptability, a wide range of applications, and high engineering application and promotion value. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0015] Figure 1 This is an overall layout diagram of the coal receiving device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mobile walking base structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the operating conditions of the coal receiving device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the coal collection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the retractable coal-blocking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting structure of the leveling mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic control system of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the laser ranging sensor device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the operation process of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1—Mobile walking base, 2—Connecting pin I, 3—Leveling mechanism, 4—Coal collection mechanism, 5—Extendable coal blocking mechanism, 6—Hydraulic control system, 7—Signal detection unit, 8—Intelligent control unit, 9—Tail drive device, 10—Coal mining machine, 11—Hydraulic support top beam, 101—Mobile walking base body, 102—Hydraulic cylinder I, 103—Support pad, 104—Height adjustment pad, 301—Support platform, 302—Hydraulic cylinder II, 303—Support base, 304—Connecting pin I I, 305—Floating coal cleaning shovel, 401—Fixed pin, 402—Folding side coal containment assembly, 403—Hydraulic cylinder III, 404—Connecting pin III, 501—Vertical lifting assembly, 502—Connecting pin IV, 503—Hydraulic cylinder IV, 504—Limit block, 601—Electro-hydraulic control valve, 602—Check valve, 603—Relief valve, 604—Pipeline system, 701—Stroke sensor, 702—Laser rangefinder sensor, 3001—Double-layer tank, 3031—Single-layer plate, B—Limit hole. Detailed implementation method: Depend on Figure 1 It is understood that the present invention provides an adaptive coal receiving device for a return air roadway in a thin coal seam along the top and bottom of the mining process, including a mobile walking base 1, a connecting pin I2, a leveling mechanism 3, a coal falling and collecting mechanism 4, a retractable coal blocking mechanism 5, a hydraulic control system 6, a signal detection unit 7, and an intelligent control unit 8. The mobile walking base 1 is the bearing base of the tail drive device 9 and is hinged to the leveling mechanism 3 through the connecting pin I2.

[0017] Depend on Figure 2 It is known that the mobile walking base 1 includes a mobile walking base body 101, hydraulic cylinders I102, support pads 103, and height adjustment pads 104. Four sets of hydraulic cylinders I102 are evenly distributed between the mobile walking base body 101 and the support pads 103. Several layers of height adjustment pads 104 are provided on both sides of the four sets of hydraulic cylinders I102. The height of the support pads 103 is controlled by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinders I102.

[0018] Depend on Figure 3It can be seen that the leveling mechanism 3 includes a support platform 301, a hydraulic cylinder II 302, a support base 303, a connecting pin II 304, and a floating coal cleaning shovel 305. The four sets of hydraulic cylinders II 302 are evenly distributed between the support platform 301 and the support base 303. The floating coal cleaning shovel 305 is hinged to the front end of the support base 303 through the connecting pin II 304. The floating coal cleaning shovel (305) adopts a wedge-shaped structure that is narrow at the front and wide at the back.

[0019] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the coal collection mechanism 4, the leveling mechanism 3, and the retractable coal blocking mechanism 5 work together to form a semi-enclosed coal collection cavity. This cavity can complete the integrated intelligent operation of equipment movement, residual coal cleaning at the bottom of the return air roadway, and coal collection simultaneously with the coal mining operation, effectively preventing coal scattering and leakage. It is specially used to recover coal that has collapsed from the coal wall in the triangular area of ​​the working face during the mining process.

[0020] Depend on Figures 4-6 It can be seen that the coal collection mechanism 4 includes a fixed pin 401, a folding lateral coal containment component 402, a hydraulic cylinder III 403, and a connecting pin III 404. The folding lateral coal containment component 402 is mounted above the leveling mechanism 3 and is hinged to the support platform 301 through the fixed pin 401. The hydraulic cylinder III 403 is used to drive the folding lateral coal containment component 402 to complete the flipping action. The telescopic coal blocking mechanism 5 includes a vertical lifting component 501, a connecting pin IV 502, a hydraulic cylinder IV 503, and a limiting block 504. The vertical lifting component 501 is hinged to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder IV 503 through the connecting pin IV 502.

[0021] Depend on Figures 5-7 It is known that the support platform 301 is equipped with three sets of double-layer troughs 3001, and the support base 303 is equipped with three sets of single-layer plates 3031. The double-layer troughs 3001 and the single-layer plates 3031 are nested and limited to each other, which can effectively prevent the support platform 301 from tilting or displacing during operation. The lifting component 501 is powered by the hydraulic cylinder IV 503 to achieve vertical lifting and lowering, which is used to block the coal falling from the top and sides of the coal wall in the triangular area, and is suitable for mining operation scenarios with different coal seam thicknesses. The foldable side coal enclosure component 402 has two sets of square holes B, and the telescopic coal blocking mechanism 5 is equipped with two sets of limit blocks 504. The limit blocks 504 and the square holes B are interlocked to limit and constrain the vertical lifting component, preventing uneven force during lifting and lowering from damaging the hydraulic cylinder.

[0022] Depend on Figure 8It is known that the hydraulic control system 6 includes an electro-hydraulic control valve 601, a check valve 602, a relief valve 603, and a pipeline system 604. The electro-hydraulic control valve 601 is provided with four sets, which individually control four sets of hydraulic cylinders I102, four sets of hydraulic cylinders II302, two sets of hydraulic cylinders III402, and two sets of hydraulic cylinders IV502. Each hydraulic control circuit is equipped with a check valve 602 and a relief valve 603, which automatically release fluid when the pressure in the pipeline system 604 is too high, thereby reducing the pipeline pressure and preventing accidents.

[0023] Depend on Figures 8-9 It is known that the signal detection unit 7 includes a stroke sensor 701 and a laser ranging sensor 702. The stroke sensor 701 is provided in 12 sets, which are built into each hydraulic cylinder. The stroke of each hydraulic cylinder can be fed back as a signal. The laser ranging sensor 702 is provided in two sets. The first set is located at the tail end of the tail drive device 9 and is used to measure the distance H2 from the tail cover plate to the roadway floor plate, thereby calculating the height difference H1 between the working face floor plate and the return air roadway floor plate. The other set is located on the side of the vertical lifting component 501 and is used to detect the distance from the vertical lifting component 501 to the hydraulic support top beam 11 to prevent it from colliding with the hydraulic support top beam 11.

[0024] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit 8 is electrically connected to the signal detection unit 7 and the hydraulic control system 6 respectively. The intelligent control unit 8 acquires the detection signal from the laser ranging sensor 702 and combines it with the real-time feedback data from the stroke sensors 701 of each hydraulic cylinder to drive the electro-hydraulic control valve 601 to precisely control the extension and retraction of each hydraulic cylinder, thereby realizing the automated operation of the coal receiving device's leveling, coal receiving, and coal blocking functions.

[0025] Furthermore, the leveling mechanism 3, the coal collection mechanism 4, and the retractable coal blocking mechanism 5 all adopt a modular integrated design, which can be flexibly adapted and adjusted according to the space size of the return air roadway, the drop between the working face and the roadway floor, and the coal seam thickness. It is suitable for fully mechanized mining faces with a coal seam thickness of 0.8m to 2m and a floor undulation of 0.2m to 0.5m.

[0026] Depend on Figure 10 It is known that the operation process of an adaptive coal receiving device for top-breaking and bottom-mining return airway in thin coal seams includes pushing and moving the mobile base 1, adjusting the height of the support pad 103, adjusting the height of the support platform 301, adjusting the height of the vertical lifting component 501, the coal mining machine 10 cutting the triangular coal, the folding lateral coal enclosure component 402 rotating to collect coal, and the coal mining machine 10 cleaning the remaining coal at the bottom, so as to achieve efficient, continuous and safe recovery of the triangular coal in the working face.

[0027] Specific working principle: 1) During the top-and-bottom mining operation of thin coal seams, a multi-dimensional intelligent sensing system is formed by 12 sets of travel sensors 701 and 2 sets of laser ranging sensors 702. The system collects the height difference between the working face and the roadway floor and the distance from the retractable coal retaining mechanism 5 to the top beam 11 of the hydraulic support in real time. The collected data is synchronously transmitted to the intelligent control unit 8. The built-in algorithm completes the intelligent identification of working conditions, data analysis and attitude calculation, accurately determines the current roadway operation, provides data support for the device's adaptive adjustment and accurate coal collection, and realizes intelligent perception and autonomous decision-making throughout the entire operation process.

[0028] 2) The hydraulic control system 6, according to instructions, drives the mobile walking base 1, the leveling mechanism 3, and the retractable coal blocking mechanism 5 to perform adaptive adjustment operations, completely eliminating the drawbacks of traditional fixed coal receiving plates that cannot adapt to the floor height difference. Through the extension and retraction control of the hydraulic cylinder, the dynamic height difference between the return air roadway floor and the working face floor is precisely matched, and the leveling mechanism 3 is leveled in real time, ensuring that the support platform 301 and the working face floor are on the same plane, and that the retractable coal blocking mechanism 5 has a safe distance of not less than 200mm from the top beam 11 of the hydraulic support. This effectively eliminates the problem of floating coal residue caused by the floor height difference, laying the foundation for comprehensive cleaning of floating coal on the floor.

[0029] 3) When the coal mining machine 10 finishes cutting the triangular coal, the coal collection mechanism 4 adjusts synchronously and in linkage. Through the adaptive action of the foldable lateral coal enclosure component 402, the rotation angle is adjusted in real time to form a stable semi-enclosed coal enclosure cavity, which accurately wraps the loose coal and fallen coal on the top, side and bottom of the roadway. This effectively solves the technical shortcomings of traditional equipment that can only clean the bottom floating coal and cannot collect the loose coal on the top and side and the top coal in the triangular area, and realizes the integrated collection and recycling of coal in the top, side and bottom of the return air roadway.

[0030] 4) After the coal collection mechanism 4 completes its coal collection operation, the coal mining machine 10 cleans the bottom coal, sweeping the collected loose coal back into the central trough of the working face scraper conveyor, completing the automated coal cleaning process. The entire system requires no manual intervention and can adapt to the continuous operation requirements of top-breaking and bottom-breaking mining in thin coal seams. While thoroughly cleaning the floating coal in the roadway and significantly improving the coal extraction rate, it also prevents the accumulation of floating coal in the roadway, avoiding safety hazards such as poor ventilation and gas accumulation caused by coal accumulation. Ultimately, it achieves intelligent, safe, efficient, and residue-free mining operations in the return air roadway of thin coal seams.

[0031] It is understood that the above detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to preferred embodiments is illustrative and not a limitation in form. Those skilled in the art, based on reading this specification, can modify the technical solutions described in the embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway during top-and-bottom mining of thin coal seams, characterized in that, It includes a mobile walking base (1), a connecting pin I (2), a leveling mechanism (3), a coal collection mechanism (4), a retractable coal blocking mechanism (5), a hydraulic control system (6), a signal detection unit (7), and an intelligent control unit (8). The mobile walking base (1) is the bearing base of the tail drive device (9) and is hinged to the leveling mechanism (3) through the connecting pin I (2); The mobile walking base (1) includes a mobile walking base body (101), hydraulic cylinder I (102), support pad (103), and height adjustment pad (104). Four sets of hydraulic cylinder I (102) are evenly distributed between the mobile walking base body (101) and the support pad (103). Several layers of height adjustment pad (104) are set on both sides of the four sets of hydraulic cylinder I (102). The height of the support pad (103) is controlled by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder I (102). The leveling mechanism (3) includes a support platform (301), hydraulic cylinder II (302), support base (303), connecting pin II (304), and floating coal cleaning shovel (305). Four sets of hydraulic cylinder II (302) are evenly distributed between the support platform (301) and the support base (303). The floating coal cleaning shovel (305) is hinged to the front end of the support base (303) through the connecting pin II (304). The coal collection mechanism (4) includes a fixed pin (401), a folding lateral coal containment assembly (402), a hydraulic cylinder III (403), and a connecting pin III (404). The folding lateral coal containment assembly (402) is mounted above the leveling mechanism (3) and is hinged to the support platform (301) through the fixed pin (401). The hydraulic cylinder III (403) is used to drive the folding lateral coal containment assembly (402) to complete the flipping action. The retractable coal blocking mechanism (5) includes a vertical lifting assembly (501), a connecting pin IV (502), a hydraulic cylinder IV (503), and a limiting block (504), wherein the vertical lifting assembly (501) is hinged to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder IV (503) via the connecting pin IV (502); The hydraulic control system (6) includes an electro-hydraulic control valve (601), a check valve (602), a relief valve (603), and a piping system (604). The signal detection unit (7) includes a stroke sensor (701) and a laser ranging sensor (702). There are 12 sets of stroke sensors (501) installed in each hydraulic cylinder, and two sets of laser ranging sensors (702) installed at the tail end of the tail drive device (9) and the side of the vertical lifting assembly (501). The intelligent control unit (8) is electrically connected to the signal detection unit (7) and the hydraulic control system (6) respectively. The intelligent control unit (8) is used to acquire the detection signal of the laser ranging sensor (702) and, in combination with the real-time feedback data of the stroke sensors (701) of each hydraulic cylinder, drive the electro-hydraulic control valve (601) to accurately control the extension and retraction of each hydraulic cylinder, thereby realizing the automated operation of the coal receiving device's leveling, coal receiving, and coal blocking functions.

2. The adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway during top-and-bottom mining of thin coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support platform (301) is provided with three sets of double-layer grooves (3001), and the support base (303) is provided with three sets of single-layer plates (3031). The double-layer grooves (3001) and the single-layer plates (3031) are nested and limited to each other, which can effectively prevent the support platform (301) from tilting during operation.

3. The adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway during top-and-bottom mining of thin coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating coal cleaning shovel (305) adopts a wedge-shaped structure that is narrow at the front and wide at the back.

4. The adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway during top-and-bottom mining of thin coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coal collection mechanism (4), leveling mechanism (3), and retractable coal blocking mechanism (5) work together to form a semi-enclosed coal collection cavity. This cavity can complete the integrated intelligent operation of equipment movement, residual coal cleaning at the bottom of the return air roadway, and coal collection in sync with the coal mining operation, effectively preventing coal scattering and leakage. It is specially used to recover coal that has collapsed in the working face triangle area during the mining process.

5. The adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway in thin coal seam top-and-bottom mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting assembly (501) is powered by hydraulic cylinder IV (503) to achieve vertical lifting, which is used to block coal falling from the top and sides of the coal wall in the triangular area and is suitable for mining operation scenarios with different coal seam thicknesses.

6. The adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway in thin coal seam top-and-bottom mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The foldable lateral coal containment component (402) has two sets of square holes B, and the retractable coal blocking mechanism (5) is provided with two sets of limiting blocks (504). The limiting blocks (504) are interlocked with the square holes B and are used to limit and constrain the vertical lifting component.

7. The adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway in thin coal seam top-and-bottom mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic control system (6) consists of four sets of electro-hydraulic control valves (601). The four sets of electro-hydraulic control valves (601) control four sets of hydraulic cylinders I (102), four sets of hydraulic cylinders II (302), two sets of hydraulic cylinders III (403), and two sets of hydraulic cylinders IV (503) respectively. Each hydraulic control circuit is equipped with a check valve (602) and a relief valve (603).

8. The adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway in thin coal seam top-and-bottom mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling mechanism (3), coal collection mechanism (4), and retractable coal blocking mechanism (5) are all modularly integrated and can be flexibly adapted and adjusted according to the space size of the return air roadway, the drop between the working face and the roadway floor, and the coal seam thickness. They are suitable for fully mechanized mining faces with a coal seam thickness of 0.8m to 2m and a floor undulation of 0.2m to 0.5m.

9. An adaptive coal receiving device for a return airway during top-and-bottom mining of thin coal seams according to claims 1-8, characterized in that: The adaptive coal receiving device operation process includes pushing the moving walking base (1), adjusting the height of the support pad (103), adjusting the height of the support platform (301), adjusting the height of the vertical lifting component (501), the coal mining machine (10) cutting the triangular coal, the folding side coal enclosure component (402) rotating to collect coal, and the coal mining machine (10) cleaning the bottom residual coal, so as to realize the efficient, continuous and safe recovery of the triangular coal in the working face.

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