Tunnel undercut hole construction auxiliary device and tunnel undercut hole construction method

Abstract

The application provides a tunnel undercut hole construction auxiliary device and a tunnel undercut hole construction method. The tunnel undercut hole construction auxiliary device comprises a fixed insertion rod, a laser line projection unit, an inclination sensor, a first driving unit and a controller. The laser line projection unit is rotatably installed at the first end of the fixed insertion rod. The inclination sensor is arranged in the laser line projection unit. The first driving unit can drive the laser line projection unit to rotate around the axis of the fixed insertion rod, so that the fan-shaped light beam emitted by the laser line projection unit is expanded in the vertical direction. The controller is electrically connected with the inclination sensor and the first driving unit. The application also provides a tunnel undercut hole construction method. The tunnel undercut hole construction auxiliary device can simultaneously realize accurate positioning of the same column undercut hole orifice and consistent control of the drilling angle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to an auxiliary device for tunnel slotting hole construction, and a method for tunnel slotting hole construction using the auxiliary device. Background Technology

[0002] In smooth blasting of tunnels, the cut hole, as the first blast hole to be detonated, ejects the broken surrounding rock after blasting, forming a cavity that provides an additional free face for subsequent blasting holes. Therefore, ensuring the construction quality of the cut hole is crucial for controlling the blasting effect of this cycle and ensuring the tunneling progress.

[0003] Wedge-shaped slotting is a commonly used slotting method. The slotting holes are typically located in the lower part of the working face, with the hole openings arranged symmetrically in a matrix about the centerline of the working face, usually in 2 to 4 rows. Simultaneously, the bottom of each slotting hole is positioned closer to the centerline of the working face relative to its opening, resulting in a wedge-shaped spatial geometry formed by the slotting holes. Figure 1 As shown. The core of wedge-shaped slotting construction quality lies in the accurate positioning of the borehole opening and the consistent control of the drilling angle. In traditional manual drilling, borehole positioning and angle control mostly rely on simple measurement or experience-based visual estimation; moreover, the unevenness of the drilling face leads to deviations between the actual and design values ​​of the borehole opening position, and it is difficult to maintain consistent angles for the same row of slotted holes during the drilling process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The primary objective of this invention is to provide an auxiliary device for tunnel cut-hole construction, which can simultaneously achieve precise positioning of the openings of cut-holes in the same row and consistent control of the drilling angle.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for constructing tunnel cut holes, which can simultaneously achieve precise positioning of the openings of cut holes in the same row and consistent control of the drilling angle.

[0006] To achieve the first objective of this invention, the present invention provides an auxiliary device for tunnel slotting construction, characterized in that it includes a fixed rod, a laser projection unit, an inclination sensor, a first drive unit, and a controller. The laser projection unit is rotatably mounted on the first end of the fixed rod, the inclination sensor is located inside the laser projection unit, the first drive unit can drive the laser projection unit to rotate around the axis of the fixed rod, so that the fan-shaped beam emitted by the laser projection unit spreads in the vertical direction, and the controller is electrically connected to the inclination sensor and the first drive unit respectively.

[0007] As can be seen from the above, during use, the fixed insertion rod is inserted into the drilled blast hole (cut hole); the controller, based on the detection data fed back by the tilt sensor, controls the first drive unit to drive the laser projection unit to rotate relative to the fixed insertion rod, so that the fan-shaped beam emitted by the laser projection unit spreads vertically, thereby forming a vertical first laser line on the tunnel face. This allows workers to measure and determine the position of the remaining blast holes along this first laser line according to the designed spacing of the cut holes in the same row. Furthermore, when drilling the remaining blast holes in the same row of cut holes, the axis of the drill rod is controlled to remain within the vertical plane formed by the fan-shaped beam to guide the drilling direction and angle, ensuring the consistency of the drilling direction and angle of each hole in the same row of cut holes, thereby ensuring the construction quality of the cut holes and achieving the goal of improving the blasting effect and engineering benefits at the tunnel face.

[0008] A further embodiment is that the fixed insertion rod includes a rod body, two or more sets of support components, and a second drive unit. The two or more sets of support components are distributed along the axial direction of the rod body. Each support component includes multiple support claws distributed circumferentially around the rod body. The rod body has a receiving groove at each support claw. The second drive unit is installed in the rod body and electrically connected to the controller. The second drive unit can drive the multiple support claws of the support components to open out of the receiving groove or be received in the receiving groove.

[0009] As can be seen above, after the fixed rod is inserted into the drilled blast hole, the support claw of the support assembly can be extended by the second drive unit to extend out of the receiving groove and abut against the inner wall of the blast hole. On the one hand, it plays a positioning role, making the axis of the fixed rod close to coincide with the axis of the blast hole, improving the accuracy of the position of the remaining blast hole openings in the same row of slotted holes; on the other hand, it plays a fixing role, preventing the fixed rod from shifting position due to vibration during the construction of the remaining blast holes, and ensuring the consistency of the drilling direction and angle of each hole in the same row of slotted holes.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the support claw is hinged to the receiving groove. The second drive unit includes a lead screw, a drive motor, and two or more nuts. The lead screw is coaxially arranged with the rod body and is rotatably installed in the rod body. The drive motor can drive the lead screw to rotate. The nuts are threadedly connected to the lead screw. The two or more nuts correspond one-to-one with two or more sets of support components. Each support claw in each set of support components is hinged to the nut corresponding to that set of support components via a connecting rod. Alternatively, the support component includes three support claws, and the second drive unit includes two or more three-jaw electric grippers. The two or more three-jaw electric grippers correspond one-to-one with two or more sets of support components. The three claw ends of each three-jaw electric gripper correspond one-to-one with the three support claws of the corresponding set of support components. The support claw is installed on the corresponding claw end.

[0011] As can be seen from the above, the opening and retraction of the support claws have multiple selectable driving methods, which can be adapted to production costs, design specifications and construction geological conditions to ensure the reliability and stability of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device.

[0012] A further improvement is to have teeth on the outer wall of the support claw.

[0013] As can be seen from the above, the support claw abuts against the inner wall of the blast hole through the teeth on its outer surface. The teeth can significantly increase the friction between the support claw and the inner wall of the blast hole, thereby effectively preventing the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device from shifting due to vibration during the drilling process, and ensuring the consistency of the drilling direction and angle of each slotting hole in the same row.

[0014] Another preferred embodiment is that the pole is a telescopic pole, which includes at least two telescopic sections that are nested in sequence, with adjacent telescopic sections slidingly engaged. The outermost telescopic section is a fixed section, and the innermost telescopic section is the final telescopic section. The support assembly and the second drive unit are located in the fixed section of the telescopic pole, and the laser projection unit is located in the final telescopic section.

[0015] As can be seen from the above, the use of telescopic poles facilitates the storage and carrying of auxiliary equipment for tunnel excavation, and also allows for adjustment of the distance between the laser projection unit and the tunnel face to meet various operational needs.

[0016] A further proposed solution is that the laser projection unit includes a pole and a laser projection body. The pole and the fixed plug are coaxially arranged and rotatably connected. The laser projection body is mounted on the pole. The first drive unit is a servo motor, and the drive end of the servo motor is connected to the pole.

[0017] As can be seen from the above, a servo motor is used to drive the laser projection unit to ensure its driving accuracy and to ensure that the fan-shaped beam emitted by the laser projection unit spreads in the vertical direction.

[0018] A further proposed solution is that the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device also includes a battery unit and a charging interface. The battery unit is installed inside the fixed plug and electrically connected to the controller, and the charging interface is installed on the fixed plug and electrically connected to the controller. The laser projection body also has an input module, which is connected to the controller. The tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device also includes a remote control. The controller has a wireless communication module, which includes an infrared receiving module and a Bluetooth module. The remote control is an infrared remote control, and the Bluetooth module is used for mobile terminal communication connection. Alternatively, the wireless communication module is a Bluetooth module and the remote control is a Bluetooth remote control.

[0019] As can be seen from the above, setting up a battery unit and charging interface helps to improve the battery life of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device and eliminates the hassle of replacing batteries; setting up an input module on the laser projection body allows workers to control the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device through the input module, improving the ease of operation; configuring a remote control allows workers to control the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device remotely, and similarly, configuring a Bluetooth module allows workers to control the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device remotely through a mobile terminal.

[0020] To achieve the second objective of this invention, the present invention provides a method for constructing tunnel cut-holes, comprising: acquiring point cloud data of the tunnel face after excavation using a 3D scanning device, and converting the point cloud data to the absolute coordinate system of tunnel construction using a coordinate registration algorithm to generate a 3D point cloud model of the tunnel face, while determining the construction mileage corresponding to the tunnel face; determining the planar position relationship of the uppermost blast hole in each column of cut-holes in the design section at the corresponding construction mileage based on the tunnel face design blast hole layout diagram, tunnel design route shape, and design cross-section data, and mapping it to the absolute coordinate system; calculating the 3D design coordinates of the borehole opening of the uppermost blast hole in each column of cut-holes; and calculating the 3D design coordinates of the bottom of each uppermost blast hole based on the external insertion angle and design hole depth of the cut-hole; and constructing a 3D point cloud model based on the 3D point cloud model. A three-dimensional mesh model of the tunnel face is constructed. For each uppermost blast hole, the intersection point of the straight line connecting the three-dimensional design coordinates of the hole opening and the three-dimensional design coordinates of the hole bottom with the three-dimensional mesh model is calculated, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the intersection point are generated. These three-dimensional coordinates are used as the actual hole opening coordinates of the uppermost blast hole. The actual hole opening coordinates are laid out and marked on the tunnel face using a total station. Drilling is carried out from the marked position according to the external insertion angle and the designed hole depth. The fixed rod of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device is inserted into the uppermost blast hole. The controller obtains the detection signal fed back by the tilt sensor and controls the first drive unit to drive the laser projection unit to rotate relative to the fixed rod, so that the fan-shaped beam emitted by the laser projection unit spreads in the vertical direction. The hole opening positions of the remaining blast holes in the same row of slotting holes are determined and marked, and the drilling of the remaining blast holes is completed.

[0021] As can be seen from the above, the tunnel slotting hole construction method provided by the present invention can accurately control the position of the slotting hole opening and the drilling angle, thereby ensuring the construction quality of the slotting hole, achieving the purpose of improving the blasting effect and engineering benefits at the tunnel face, and effectively solving the problems of inaccurate positioning of the slotting hole opening and inconsistent control of the drilling angle in traditional manual drilling construction.

[0022] A further approach involves determining and marking the positions of the remaining boreholes in the same row of slotted holes. This includes: measuring and marking the positions of the remaining boreholes along the first laser line formed by projecting a fan-shaped beam onto the working face, according to the designed spacing of the slotted holes in the same row.

[0023] As can be seen from the above, this operation can ensure that the openings of the slotted holes in the same row are on the same vertical line, thereby effectively improving the positional accuracy of each blast hole opening.

[0024] A further proposed solution is to project a fan-shaped beam onto the drill rod to form a second laser line while completing the drilling of the remaining boreholes, and to keep the second laser line and the axis of the drill rod in the same vertical plane.

[0025] As can be seen from the above, this method can guide the drilling direction and angle, ensuring the consistency of the drilling direction and angle of each hole in the same row of slot holes, thereby ensuring the construction quality of the slot holes and achieving the goal of improving the blasting effect and engineering benefits at the tunnel face. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the existing slotting hole distribution.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the usage status of an embodiment of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device of the present invention, with some components omitted.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of an embodiment of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how the actual borehole coordinates are determined by the intersection of a straight line connecting the three-dimensional design coordinates of the borehole opening and the three-dimensional design coordinates of the bottom of the borehole with the three-dimensional mesh model, according to an embodiment of the tunnel slotting borehole construction method of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Example of auxiliary device for tunnel cut-hole construction Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device 100 includes a fixed insertion rod 1, a laser projection unit 2, a first drive unit 3, an tilt sensor, and a controller.

[0035] The fixed insertion rod 1 is used to insert into the drilled blast hole (cut hole) to realize the installation, fixation and positioning of the tunnel cut hole construction auxiliary device 100. The laser projection unit 2 is rotatably installed at the first end of the fixed insertion rod 1; combined with Figure 4 The fixed insertion rod 1 includes a rod body 11, a support assembly 12, and a second drive unit 13.

[0036] Preferably, the pole 11 is a telescopic pole 11, which includes at least two telescopic sections nested in sequence. Adjacent telescopic sections slide against each other to achieve telescopic extension and retraction of the pole 11. The outermost telescopic section is a fixed section 111, and the innermost telescopic section is the final telescopic section 112. The support assembly 12 and the second drive unit 13 are located in the fixed section 111 of the telescopic pole 11, and the laser projection unit 2 is located in the final telescopic section 112. In this embodiment, the telescopic pole 11 includes two telescopic sections nested in sequence. Using a telescopic pole 11 facilitates the storage and carrying of the tunnel excavation hole construction auxiliary device 100 and allows for adjustable spacing between the laser projection unit 2 and the tunnel face to meet various operational needs.

[0037] It should be noted that in other embodiments, the rod 11 may be a single-segment rod. It is understood that when the rod 11 is a single-segment rod, the laser projection unit 2 is rotatably mounted on the first end of the rod 11, and the support assembly 12 and the second drive unit 13 are located inside the rod 11 and near the second end of the rod 11. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the rod 11 includes three or more telescopic segments sequentially nested together. Since the specific structure (number of segments / levels) of the rod 11 can be flexibly adjusted according to design requirements, specific examples are not provided here.

[0038] The number of support components 12 is two or more, and the two or more support components 12 are distributed along the axial direction of the rod 11 so that the fixed insertion rod 1 is reliably fixed in the blast hole and the axis of the fixed insertion rod 1 is close to coincide with the axis of the blast hole, or even completely coincides with the axis of the blast hole, thereby helping to significantly reduce the position error of the hole opening of each hole in the same row of slotted holes.

[0039] The support assembly 12 includes a plurality of support claws 121 circumferentially distributed around the rod 11. Each support claw 121 has a receiving groove 1111, allowing the support claw 121 to be received within the receiving groove 1111. This design helps to match the outer diameter of the rod 11 with the bore diameter of the blast hole, ensuring that the outer wall of the rod 11 better fits against the inner wall of the blast hole and guaranteeing the installation accuracy of the fixing rod 1. A second drive unit 13 is installed inside the rod 11 and electrically connected to the controller. The second drive unit 13 drives the plurality of support claws 121 of the support assembly 12 to open outside or be received within the receiving groove 1111.

[0040] After the fixed insertion rod 1 is inserted into the drilled blast hole, the second drive unit 13 can drive the support claw 121 of the support assembly 12 to unfold, so that the support claw 121 extends out of the receiving groove 1111 and abuts against the inner wall of the blast hole. By setting up the support assembly 12, it serves two purposes: firstly, it positions the fixed insertion rod 1 so that its axis is close to coinciding with the axis of the blast hole, improving the accuracy of the position of the remaining blast hole openings in the same row of slotted holes; secondly, it serves a fixing purpose, preventing the fixed insertion rod 1 from shifting position due to vibration during the construction of the remaining blast holes, thereby ensuring the consistency of the drilling direction and angle of each hole in the same row of slotted holes.

[0041] As an optional solution, combined with Figure 5 In this embodiment, one end of the support claw 121 is hinged to the receiving groove 1111; correspondingly, the second drive unit 13 includes a lead screw 131, a drive motor 132, and two or more nuts 133. The lead screw 131 is coaxially arranged with the rod body 11, and the lead screw 131 is rotatably installed in the fixed section 111 of the rod body 11; the drive motor 132 is used to drive the lead screw 131 to rotate, and the drive motor 132 is electrically connected to the controller. The nuts 133 are threadedly connected to the lead screw 131, wherein two or more nuts 133 correspond one-to-one with two or more sets of support components 12; each support claw 121 in each set of support components 12 is hinged to the nut 133 corresponding to that set of support components 12 through a connecting rod 122, that is, each support claw 121 is hinged to the first end of a connecting rod 122, and the second end of the connecting rod 122 is hinged to the corresponding nut 133. When the drive motor 132 drives the lead screw 131 to rotate, the nut 133 slides along the axial direction of the lead screw 131 under the limiting action of the connecting rod 122, thereby pushing or pulling the support claw 121, causing the support claw 121 to open outside the receiving groove 1111 or be received inside the receiving groove 1111. Preferably, the outer wall surface of the second end of the support claw 121 is provided with teeth 1211. By having the teeth 1211 abut against the inner wall of the blast hole, the friction between the support claw 121 and the inner wall of the blast hole can be significantly increased, thereby effectively preventing the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device 100 from shifting due to vibration during the drilling construction process, and ensuring the consistency of the drilling direction and angle of each hole in the same row of slotting holes. It can be understood that the number of nuts 133 is equal to the number of support components 12. In this embodiment, there are two nuts 133 and two sets of support components 12, and the support components 12 preferably include three support claws 121.

[0042] As an alternative, in some embodiments, the support assembly 12 preferably includes three support claws 121, which are movable radially in the rod 11. Correspondingly, the second drive unit 13 includes two or more three-jaw electric grippers, which are electrically connected to the controller, and each of the two or more three-jaw electric grippers corresponds one-to-one with two or more sets of support assemblies 12. The three claw ends of each three-jaw electric gripper correspond one-to-one with the three support claws 121 of the corresponding set of support assemblies 12, that is, the support claws 121 are mounted on the corresponding claw ends. The three-jaw electric grippers can drive the three support claws 121 of the corresponding support assembly 12 to move back-to-back to open out of the receiving groove 1111, and the three-jaw electric grippers can also drive the three support claws 121 of the corresponding support assembly 12 to move towards each other to be received into the receiving groove 1111. Preferably, the outer wall surface of the support claw 121 is provided with teeth 1211. As can be seen, the opening and retraction of the support claw 121 have multiple selectable driving methods, which can be adapted to production costs, design specifications and construction geological conditions to ensure the reliability and stability of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device 100.

[0043] The laser projection unit 2 preferably includes a pole 21 and a laser projection body 22. The pole 21 is coaxially arranged with the pole body 11 of the fixed insertion pole 1, and the pole 21 is rotatably connected to the first end / last telescopic end of the pole body 11. The laser projection body 22 is mounted on the pole 21. The first drive unit 3 is a servo motor, which is mounted on the first end / last telescopic end of the pole body 11. Its drive end is connected to the pole 21 to drive the laser projection unit 2 to rotate around the axis of the pole body 11. Using a servo motor to drive the laser projection unit 2 can ensure its driving accuracy, so as to ensure that the fan-shaped beam emitted by the laser projection unit 2 unfolds in the vertical direction (i.e., the plane where the fan-shaped beam is located is parallel to the vertical plane). The controller can be located inside the pole body 11 or inside the laser projection body 22.

[0044] An inclination sensor is located inside the laser projection body 22 of the laser projection unit 2, and is electrically connected to the controller. The sensitive axis of the inclination sensor is parallel to the normal direction of the unfolding plane of the fan-shaped beam, allowing the controller to compare the real-time angle value fed back by the inclination sensor with a preset vertical reference value. If the deviation exceeds the allowable range, the controller controls the first drive unit 3 to drive the laser projection unit 2 to rotate until the real-time angle value matches the vertical reference value, ensuring that the fan-shaped beam unfolds vertically.

[0045] Preferably, the tunnel cut-hole construction auxiliary device 100 also includes a battery unit and a charging interface. The battery unit is installed inside the rod 11 of the fixed insertion rod 1 or the laser projection body 22, and is electrically connected to the controller; the charging interface is installed on the rod 11 of the fixed insertion rod 1 or the laser projection body 22, and is electrically connected to the controller. The battery unit and charging interface help improve the battery life of the tunnel cut-hole construction auxiliary device 100 and eliminate the hassle of replacing batteries.

[0046] Furthermore, the laser projection body 22 is also equipped with an input module, which is connected to a controller. The input module can be a button input module or a touchscreen. The input module on the laser projection body 22 allows workers to control the tunnel excavation hole construction auxiliary device 100 via the input module, improving operational convenience. And / or, the tunnel excavation hole construction auxiliary device 100 also includes a remote control, and the controller is equipped with a wireless communication module. When the remote control is an infrared remote control, the wireless communication module includes an infrared receiving module and a Bluetooth module, the Bluetooth module being used for mobile terminal communication connections; when the remote control is a Bluetooth remote control, the wireless communication module is a Bluetooth module. Therefore, configuring a remote control allows workers to remotely control the tunnel excavation hole construction auxiliary device 100; similarly, configuring a Bluetooth module allows workers to remotely control the tunnel excavation hole construction auxiliary device 100 via a mobile terminal.

[0047] Combination Figure 6 With the help of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device 100 provided by the present invention, when slotting hole construction is carried out, the fixed insertion rod 1 is inserted into the drilled blast hole (i.e., the slotting hole, preferably the uppermost blast hole in the same row of slotting holes); the controller controls the first drive unit 3 to drive the laser projection unit 2 to rotate relative to the fixed insertion rod 1 according to the detection data fed back by the tilt sensor, so that the fan-shaped beam emitted by the laser projection unit 2 expands in the vertical direction, thereby forming a vertical first laser line L1 on the tunnel face, which allows the workers to measure and determine the position of the remaining blast holes along the first laser line L1 according to the design spacing of the slotting holes in the same row. Furthermore, when drilling the remaining blast holes in the same row of slotting holes, the axis of the drill rod is controlled to remain in the vertical plane formed by the fan-shaped beam to guide the drilling direction and angle, ensuring the consistency of the drilling direction and angle of each hole in the same row of slotting holes, thereby ensuring the construction quality of the slotting holes and achieving the purpose of improving the blasting effect and engineering benefits of the tunnel face.

[0048] Example of tunnel cut-out construction method This method for constructing tunnel cut-out holes utilizes the tunnel cut-out hole construction auxiliary device 100 described in the above embodiment to complete the construction of the cut-out holes, specifically including the following steps: The point cloud data of the tunnel face after excavation is obtained by using a 3D scanning device, and the point cloud data is converted into the absolute coordinate system of tunnel construction by using a coordinate registration algorithm to generate a 3D point cloud model of the tunnel face, and at the same time determine the construction mileage corresponding to the tunnel face.

[0049] Combination Figure 7 Based on the tunnel face design borehole layout diagram, tunnel design route shape, and design cross-section data, the planar position relationship of the uppermost borehole in each row of cut holes at the corresponding construction mileage is determined in the design cross-section and mapped to the absolute coordinate system; the three-dimensional design coordinates D1(x) of the uppermost borehole opening in each row of cut holes are calculated. k , y k ,z k ), and calculate the three-dimensional design coordinates D2(x) of the bottom of each uppermost blast hole based on the external insertion angle of the cut hole and the design hole depth. d , y d ,z d ).

[0050] Next, based on the 3D point cloud model, a 3D mesh model of the working face is constructed. For each uppermost blast hole, the 3D design coordinates D1(x) of the borehole connecting that blast hole are calculated. k , y k ,z k ) and the three-dimensional design coordinates of the bottom of the hole D2(x) d , y d ,z d Find the intersection point D3 of the straight line L2 with the 3D mesh model, and generate the 3D coordinates D3(x) of the intersection point D3. r , y r ,z r The three-dimensional coordinates are used as the actual borehole coordinates for the uppermost borehole. The three-dimensional mesh model is preferably composed of multiple triangular plane domains, which are generated based on the three-dimensional point cloud model of the working face using the Delaunay triangulation algorithm or the Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm. Furthermore, the intersection point D3 is preferably the first intersection point of the line L2 with the three-dimensional mesh model along the direction from the borehole design coordinates to the borehole bottom design coordinates. Because the rock surface of the working face is uneven, the line L2 may have multiple intersection points with the same three-dimensional mesh surface in space (for example, the line may first touch the edge of a pit, then pass through the pit and touch the bottom). Therefore, using the first intersection point as intersection point D3 accurately reflects the physical position of the drill rod's first contact with the rock surface, avoiding misjudging subsequent intersection points as actual borehole coordinates and causing drilling positioning errors.

[0051] It should be noted that the aforementioned steps are prior art, and can be found in the invention patent application with publication number CN121089535A, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0052] Next, the actual borehole coordinates are laid out and marked on the tunnel face using a total station. Drilling is then carried out from the marked position according to the external interpolation angle and the designed hole depth. Drilling according to the external interpolation angle and the designed hole depth can be achieved as follows: the drill arm of the rock drilling rig is moved to the marked position, and the drill rod is adjusted using the rig's built-in tilt sensor or a manual protractor so that the angle between the drill rod axis and the tunnel axis (or the tunnel face normal direction) is equal to the external interpolation angle. Drilling is then started to the designed hole depth.

[0053] Next, the fixing rod 1 of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device 100 is inserted into the uppermost blast hole. Then, the second drive unit 13 is controlled to drive the support claws 121 of the support assembly 12 to unfold and abut against the inner wall of the blast hole, so as to reliably fix the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device 100 in the blast hole, prevent it from shifting or rotating, and make the axis of the fixing rod 1 nearly coincide with or overlap with the axis of the blast hole.

[0054] Next, the controller acquires the detection signal from the tilt sensor and controls the first drive unit 3 to drive the laser projection unit 2 to rotate relative to the fixed rod 1, causing the fan-shaped beam emitted by the laser projection unit 2 to expand vertically, thus projecting the fan-shaped beam onto the working face to form the first laser line L1. It can be understood that at this time, the axis of the fixed rod 1 is located within the plane where the fan-shaped beam is formed.

[0055] Next, the positions of the remaining boreholes in the same row of slotted holes are determined and marked, and the drilling of the remaining boreholes is completed. Specifically, the steps of determining and marking the positions of the remaining boreholes in the same row of slotted holes include: based on the first laser line L1 formed by the projection of a fan-shaped beam onto the working face, the positions of the remaining boreholes are measured and marked along the first laser line L1 according to the designed spacing of the slotted holes in the same row. Through this operation, it can be ensured that the openings of the slotted holes in the same row are located on the same vertical line, thereby effectively improving the positional accuracy of each borehole opening.

[0056] When drilling the remaining blast holes, a fan-shaped laser beam is projected onto the drill rod to form a second laser line, ensuring that the second laser line and the axis of the drill rod are in the same vertical plane. This method guides the drilling direction and angle, ensuring consistency in the drilling direction and angle of all holes in the same row of cut holes, thereby guaranteeing the construction quality of the cut holes and improving the blasting effect and engineering benefits at the tunnel face. Based on the above, the angle of the drill rod can be controlled by adjusting the drill rod using the tilt sensor on the rock drilling rig or a manual protractor, ensuring that the axis of the drill rod and the second laser line are in the same vertical plane, and then drilling is started to the designed hole depth. It should be noted that drilling can also be done manually using a pneumatic drill; in this process, the angle of the drill rod can be maintained by a guide frame.

[0057] In summary, the tunnel slotting hole construction method provided by this invention can accurately control the position of the slotting hole opening and the drilling angle, thereby ensuring the construction quality of the slotting hole, achieving the goal of improving the blasting effect and engineering benefits at the tunnel face, and effectively solving the problems of inaccurate positioning of the slotting hole opening and inconsistent control of the drilling angle in traditional manual drilling construction.

[0058] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction auxiliary device for tunnel slotting holes, characterized in that, include: Fixed insertion rod; A laser projection unit, wherein the laser projection unit is rotatably mounted on the first end of the fixed insertion rod; An inclination sensor is disposed within the laser projection unit; The first driving unit can drive the laser projection unit to rotate around the axis of the fixed plug, so that the fan-shaped beam emitted by the laser projection unit can be spread out in the vertical direction. The controller is electrically connected to the tilt sensor and the first drive unit.

2. The tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed insertion rod includes: Rod body; Two or more sets of support components are distributed along the axial direction of the rod body. Each support component includes a plurality of support claws distributed circumferentially around the rod body. The rod body is provided with a receiving groove at each of the support claws. The second drive unit is installed in the rod body and electrically connected to the controller. The second drive unit can drive the plurality of support claws of the support assembly to open to the outside of the receiving groove or to be received in the receiving groove.

3. The tunnel cut-hole construction auxiliary device according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the support claw is hinged to the receiving groove. The second drive unit includes a lead screw, a drive motor, and two or more nuts. The lead screw is coaxially arranged with the rod body and rotatably mounted within the rod body. The drive motor can drive the lead screw to rotate. The nuts are threadedly connected to the lead screw, and the two or more nuts correspond one-to-one with two or more sets of support components. Each of the support claws in each set of support components is hinged to the nut corresponding to that set of support components via a connecting rod; or The support assembly includes three support claws. The second drive unit includes two or more three-jaw electric grippers, and each of the two or more three-jaw electric grippers corresponds one-to-one with two or more sets of support components. Each of the three claws of the three-jaw electric gripper has three claw ends that correspond one-to-one with the three support claws of the corresponding set of support components, and the support claws are mounted on the corresponding claw ends.

4. The tunnel cut-hole construction auxiliary device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall surface of the support claw is provided with teeth.

5. The tunnel cut-hole construction auxiliary device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rod is a telescopic rod, which includes at least two telescopic sections that are sequentially nested together. The two adjacent telescopic sections slide together. The outermost telescopic section is a fixed section, and the innermost telescopic section is the final telescopic section. The support assembly and the second drive unit are located in the fixed section of the telescopic rod, and the laser projection unit is located in the final telescopic section.

6. The tunnel cut-hole construction auxiliary device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The laser projection unit includes a pole and a laser projection body. The pole and the fixed insertion rod are coaxially arranged and rotatably connected. The laser projection body is mounted on the pole. The first drive unit is a servo motor, and the drive end of the servo motor is connected to the rod.

7. The tunnel cut-hole construction auxiliary device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device also includes a battery unit and a charging interface. The battery unit is installed inside the fixed plug and electrically connected to the controller. The charging interface is installed on the fixed plug and electrically connected to the controller. The laser projection body is also equipped with an input module, which is connected to the controller and / or The tunnel cut-hole construction auxiliary device also includes a remote controller, which is equipped with a wireless communication module. The wireless communication module includes an infrared receiver module and a Bluetooth module. The remote control is an infrared remote control, and the Bluetooth module is used for mobile terminal communication connection. The wireless communication module is a Bluetooth module and the remote control is a Bluetooth remote control.

8. A method for constructing tunnel cut-out holes, characterized in that, include: The point cloud data of the tunnel face after excavation is obtained by using a 3D scanning device, and the point cloud data is converted into the absolute coordinate system of tunnel construction by using a coordinate registration algorithm to generate a 3D point cloud model of the tunnel face, and at the same time determine the construction mileage corresponding to the tunnel face. Based on the tunnel face design blast hole layout diagram, tunnel design route shape and design cross-section data, determine the planar position relationship of the uppermost blast hole in each row of slotted holes at the corresponding construction mileage in the design cross-section, and map it to the absolute coordinate system. Calculate the three-dimensional design coordinates of the orifice of the uppermost blast hole in each row of slotted holes, and calculate the three-dimensional design coordinates of the bottom of each uppermost blast hole based on the external insertion angle and design hole depth of the slotted hole. Based on the three-dimensional point cloud model, a three-dimensional mesh model of the working face is constructed. For each uppermost blast hole, the intersection point of the straight line connecting the three-dimensional design coordinates of the hole opening and the three-dimensional design coordinates of the hole bottom with the three-dimensional mesh model is calculated, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the intersection point are generated. The three-dimensional coordinates are used as the actual hole opening coordinates of the uppermost blast hole. The actual borehole coordinates were laid out and marked on the working face using a total station, and drilling was carried out from the marked position according to the external interpolation angle and the designed borehole depth; The fixed rod of the tunnel slotting hole construction auxiliary device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is inserted into the uppermost blast hole. The controller obtains the detection signal fed back by the tilt sensor and controls the first drive unit to drive the laser projection unit to rotate relative to the fixed rod, so that the fan-shaped beam emitted by the laser projection unit unfolds in the vertical direction. Determine and mark the positions of the remaining boreholes in the same row of slotted holes, and complete the drilling of the remaining boreholes.

9. The method for constructing tunnel cut-out holes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steps for determining and marking the positions of the remaining boreholes in the same row of cut holes include: Based on the first laser line formed by the projection of the fan-shaped beam onto the working face, the positions of the remaining boreholes are determined by measuring along the first laser line according to the designed spacing of the slotted holes in the same row, and then marked by spraying.

10. The method for constructing tunnel cut-out holes according to claim 9, characterized in that: When completing the drilling of the remaining blast holes, the fan-shaped beam is projected onto the drill rod to form a second laser line, and the second laser line and the axis of the drill rod are kept in the same vertical plane.

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