Three-dimensional integrated rescue passage

Abstract

The application discloses a three-dimensional support and transportation integrated rescue passage, and relates to the technical field of emergency rescue. The passage comprises a plurality of support rings formed by mutually inserting basic unit components, and a track arranged in the passage; the basic unit component is provided with a connecting position, the track is fixed to the connecting position through a fastener, and extends along an axial direction and connects adjacent support rings. The basic unit component is a thin-walled cone, and a self-locking angle is formed at the insertion position; the support ring comprises a whole-circle support ring densely arranged to form a safety island, and a spiral ring with a specific pitch; three tracks and the support ring are fixed to form a structure resisting three-dimensional stress. The application is rapidly built by precast components, solves the problems of long rescue time, fragile structure, poor anti-aftershock performance and narrow and small passage of the existing wood support rescue, realizes the integration of support and transportation, and effectively improves rescue efficiency and operation safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of emergency rescue equipment technology, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel. Background Technology

[0002] In earthquakes or building collapses, rescuers often need to dig deep rescue tunnels to free victims buried in the rubble. To prevent these tunnels from collapsing at any moment, excavation is typically carried out while simultaneously using timber supports to gradually advance the work. However, existing timber support rescue methods face three major insurmountable technical bottlenecks: First, the operation is lengthy, and the optimal rescue time cannot be guaranteed: Due to the narrow working area and unstable foundation, large-scale engineering machinery cannot be used. Rescue efforts rely entirely on manual excavation, manual removal of excavated soil, and the hand-crafting and erection of wooden support frames. These rescues depend almost entirely on manual labor within confined spaces, resulting in an extremely heavy workload and often missing the optimal rescue window. Statistics show that for every hour a victim is rescued earlier, the survival rate increases by approximately 1%. Rescuing victims from deep burial sites often requires 48-72 hours or even longer, with the removal of excavated soil from the tunnel consuming 60% of the rescuers' physical strength and time.

[0003] Second, the support structure is fragile and has poor risk resistance: the wooden support structure built on the ruins has an unstable foundation and mainly uses a two-force rod structure with additional diagonal bracing. Due to the uncertainty of the direction of seismic waves, aftershocks can easily cause the collapse of this fragile support structure.

[0004] Third, the narrow rescue passage makes it extremely difficult to safely transport seriously injured patients: In order to ensure the stability of the wooden support, a lot of diagonal supports must be built. However, the diagonal supports occupy the passage in the center of the support, making it almost impossible for stretchers carrying seriously injured patients to pass through, making it extremely difficult to transport seriously injured patients. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and propose a three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution created by this invention is implemented as follows: A three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel includes: Multiple basic unit components are interlocked to form support rings, and multiple support rings are arranged along the channel axis to form the main structure of the rescue channel; a track is set inside the rescue channel; The basic unit component is provided with a connection position, and the track is fixedly installed at the connection position by fasteners. The track extends axially and is fixedly connected to the adjacent support ring. The track is used to provide a transportation path and connect the axially adjacent support rings.

[0007] Furthermore, the basic unit component is a thin-walled conical structure, with one end being a cone with a slightly smaller diameter and the other end being a cone with a slightly larger diameter; adjacent basic unit components are connected by the cones at both ends, and a self-locking angle is formed between the metals at the connection point.

[0008] Furthermore, the cone has a taper of 6.5-7.5 degrees; the three basic unit components are interlocked to form a circular support ring.

[0009] Furthermore, the support ring includes a full circular support ring, with multiple full circular support rings densely arranged to form a safety island at the front end of the channel for excavation personnel to avoid danger.

[0010] Furthermore, the support ring includes a spiral ring, which is formed by inserting and arranging the basic unit components along the spiral direction; the axial pitch between adjacent spiral rings is 160mm-240mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the track is configured as three tracks; the three tracks are fixedly connected to the support ring by fasteners, forming a three-dimensional force-bearing structure that resists the radial forces in the X and Y directions and the axial overturning forces in the Z direction of the channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the basic unit component is provided with a sensor mounting hole for mounting a force sensor unit; the force sensor unit is configured to issue a prompt signal when the force on the basic unit component reaches 70% of the crush value; and issue an alarm signal when the force reaches 80% of the crush value and the rate of change of force is still increasing.

[0013] Furthermore, the three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel also includes transport vehicles, which are operably set on the track; the transport vehicles are electric or manual transport vehicles, and two of the transport vehicles are connected to carry and transport the injured person's stretcher.

[0014] Furthermore, the radius of curvature of the three-dimensional integrated support and transport rescue channel is greater than or equal to 5 meters to ensure the passability of the transport vehicle when carrying a stretcher.

[0015] A method for constructing and rescuing a three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel, utilizing the aforementioned three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel, includes the following steps: S1: Basic unit components are inserted into the rescue operation surface to form at least 4 complete circular support rings, which are densely arranged to form a safety island; S2: Rescue workers are conducting excavation work inside the safety island. S3: After the excavation has advanced a preset distance, the safety island is moved forward in the excavation direction, and a spiral ring is inserted into the space behind the safety island. At the same time, a track is installed inside the spiral ring, and the track is fixed to the spiral ring with fasteners. S4: Repeat steps S2 and S3 to gradually build a three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel as the excavation depth increases; S5: Place transport vehicles on the established tracks and use them to carry out inbound or outbound operations within the tunnel.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following advantages: In this application, the track and rescue channel work together, eliminating the need for the diagonal supports required by traditional wooden supports, freeing up space in the center of the channel. Combined with the transport trolley, stretchers can pass smoothly, solving the problem of the traditional rescue channel's extreme difficulty in transporting seriously injured personnel. The rescue channel is constructed using prefabricated basic unit components, replacing the time-consuming process of traditional manual wooden support construction. The track and transport vehicles within the channel enable mechanized and rapid transport of excavated soil, tools, and injured personnel, effectively saving time and physical exertion for manual handling and ensuring the golden rescue time. By abandoning the traditional fragile two-force wooden structure and adopting a circular or spiral ring structure to resist X and Y-direction forces, and using three tracks and bolted connections to the support rings to resist Z-direction overturning forces, a three-dimensional support system is formed. The self-locking angle formed by the conical surfaces between components ensures connection reliability. The "safety island" design at the excavation front provides temporary refuge space for excavation personnel. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the invention are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure created by this invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the application of this invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the rescue operation created by this invention; Figure 4 This invention provides a schematic diagram illustrating the construction process. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the support ring structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Basic unit component; 2-Support ring; 3-Rail; 4-Fastener; 5-Connection position; 6-Safety island; 7-Installation rail bend plate; 8-Transport vehicle; 9-Rail connector; 10-Installation bottom rail bend plate; 11-Carrying trolley. Detailed Implementation

[0019] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, this embodiment provides a three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel, mainly composed of basic unit component 1, track 3, track connector 9, mounting bottom rail bend plate 10, mounting hanging rail bend plate 11, and M8 bolts (fasteners 4). The basic unit component 1 is a prefabricated thin-walled conical structure, with one end being a cone with a slightly smaller diameter and the other end being a cone with a slightly larger diameter. In this embodiment, the taper of the cones at both ends of the basic unit component 1 is preferably 6.5-7.5 degrees, and the axial length of the cone is basically the same as its diameter. When three basic unit components 1 are inserted into each other, a circular support ring 2 can be formed through the mating of the conical surfaces at both ends. After insertion, the ring forms a self-locking angle between the metal parts at the insertion point, requiring external force to knock it out, ensuring the firmness of the connection.

[0024] The basic unit component 1 is provided with connection positions 5, specifically three sets of pre-drilled M8 threaded holes (two holes in each set, with a hole spacing of 40mm) for use as track mounting holes; there is also a set of four M6 threaded holes for use as force sensor mounting holes. Multiple support rings 2 are arranged along the channel axis to form the main structure of the rescue channel. Depending on the arrangement, the support rings 2 are divided into two types: full-circle and non-full-circle. The non-full-circle support ring is referred to as a spiral ring in this application.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, three tracks 3 are provided. The tracks 3 are fixedly installed at the connection position 5 of the basic unit component 1 using a base rail bend plate 10 and a hanging rail bend plate 11, along with M8 bolts. The tracks 3 extend axially and simultaneously serve to connect adjacent support rings 2 axially. The three tracks 3 are bolted together with the support rings 2, forming a three-dimensional force-bearing structure that resists forces in the radial X and Y directions and overturning forces in the axial Z direction. Each ring can withstand forces exceeding 2000 kg from the X and Y directions, and primarily resists overturning forces in the Z direction, thus forming a three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel, providing safety for rescue personnel within the channel.

[0026] During excavation, the excavated section is most prone to collapse and danger. In this case, multiple circular support rings 21 are densely arranged (minimum 4 rings, recommended maximum 6 rings). The track 3 can be omitted inside the ring. The space inside the dense circular support rings 21 forms a "safe island" for excavation operations. Rescue personnel can hide inside the safe island 6, effectively resisting the danger to construction workers caused by structural collapse.

[0027] When the excavation advances 200-400mm, the safety island 6 is gradually moved forward. A spiral ring is then inserted into the space created by the forward movement, and a track 3 is installed within the spiral ring. The spiral ring is formed by inserting and arranging basic unit components 1 along a spiral direction. When inserting the spiral ring, the density of the debris (1400-1800 kg / m³) is considered. 3The recommended axial pitch between the rings is 160mm, 200mm, or 240mm, and the prefabricated holes on track 3 are also manufactured according to this pitch. With a pitch of 160-240mm, 4-6 support rings can be arranged per linear meter. Even if there is an aftershock and further collapse, each linear meter of support ring can withstand a load of approximately 10-15 tons or more, maintaining the safety of the three-dimensional support rescue tunnel.

[0028] In addition, the force sensor mounting holes on the basic unit component 1 can be used to install force sensor units. The force sensor units can sense the stress state of the basic unit component 1 and use audible and visual alarms to alert rescue personnel about tunnel safety. When the stress approaches the warning value (equivalent to 70% of the collapse value), an alert is issued to remind rescue personnel to be vigilant; when the stress on the basic unit component 1 reaches 80% of the collapse value, and the rate of change of stress (df / dt) is still increasing, the force sensor unit will sound an alarm, prompting personnel to evacuate.

[0029] As the tunnel excavation progresses and the connection is completed to form a complete passage, transport vehicles 8 (electric or manual trolleys) can be placed on track 3 to perform transport operations within the tunnel, removing excavated soil and tools, or transporting critically injured personnel out of the tunnel. Once two transport vehicles are connected, stretchers can be used to transport the injured. At this point, the radius of curvature of the three-dimensional integrated support and transport rescue passage must reach at least 5 meters to ensure the smooth passage of the transport vehicles carrying stretchers.

[0030] This invention also provides a method for constructing and rescuing using the above-mentioned three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1: Basic unit components 1 are inserted into the rescue operation surface to form at least 4 complete circular support rings 21, which are densely arranged to form a safety island 6; S2: Rescue workers are conducting excavation work ahead under the protection of safety island 6; S3: After the excavation advances 200-400mm of the preset distance, move the safety island 6 forward in the excavation direction (i.e., remove the last one or two full-circle support rings 21 and install them at the front end), and insert a spiral ring in the excavated space behind the safety island 6. At the same time, install three tracks 3 in the spiral ring, and fix the tracks 3 and the spiral ring with fasteners 4 to form a three-dimensional force structure. S4: Repeat steps S2 and S3 to gradually build a long-distance three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel as the excavation depth increases; S5: Place the transport vehicle 8 on the established track 3, and use the transport vehicle 8 to carry out the operation of transporting excavated soil, transporting tools, or transporting critically injured personnel out of the tunnel.

[0031] The rescue channel in this application is constructed by interlocking prefabricated basic unit components, replacing the time-consuming process of traditional manual wooden support. The tracks and transport vehicles installed within the channel enable mechanized and rapid transportation of excavated soil, tools, and injured personnel, effectively saving time and physical exertion for manual handling and ensuring the golden rescue time. By abandoning the traditional fragile two-force wooden structure and adopting a circular or spiral ring structure to resist X and Y forces, and using bolted connections between three tracks and support rings to resist Z-direction overturning forces, a three-dimensional support system is formed. The self-locking angle formed by the conical surfaces between components ensures the reliability of the connection. In addition, the "safety island" design at the front end of the excavation provides temporary refuge space for excavation personnel. In this application, the track and rescue channel work together, eliminating the need for the diagonal supports required by traditional wooden supports, freeing up the central space of the channel. With the help of the transport trolley 11, stretchers can pass smoothly, solving the problem that it is extremely difficult to transport seriously injured people in traditional rescue channels. In addition, sensor installation holes are reserved, and the stress state of the components can be monitored in real time through the sensors. When the stress is abnormal, it will provide graded prompts and alarms to remind the workers to evacuate in time and avoid secondary collapse that could cause casualties.

[0032] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional integrated rescue tunnel, characterized in that, include: Multiple basic unit components are interlocked to form support rings, and multiple support rings are arranged along the channel axis to form the main structure of the rescue channel; The track is set within the rescue channel; The basic unit component is provided with a connection position, and the track is fixedly installed at the connection position by fasteners. The track extends axially and is fixedly connected to the adjacent support ring. The track is used to provide a transportation path and connect the axially adjacent support rings.

2. The integrated rescue passage of claim 1, wherein: The basic unit component is a thin-walled conical structure, with one end being a cone with a slightly smaller diameter and the other end being a cone with a slightly larger diameter; adjacent basic unit components are connected by the cones at both ends, and a self-locking angle is formed at the connection point.

3. The integrated rescue passage of claim 2, wherein: The cone has a taper of 6.5-7.5 degrees; the three basic unit components are interlocked to form a circular support ring.

4. The integrated rescue passage of claim 1, wherein: The support ring includes a full circular support ring, and multiple full circular support rings are densely arranged to form a safety island at the front end of the channel for excavation personnel to avoid danger.

5. The integrated rescue passage of claim 1 or 4, wherein: The support ring includes a spiral ring, which is formed by inserting and arranging the basic unit components along the spiral direction; the axial pitch between adjacent spiral rings is 160mm-240mm.

6. The three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track is configured as three tracks; the three tracks are fixedly connected to the support ring by fasteners to form a three-dimensional force-bearing structure that resists the radial X and Y forces and the axial Z overturning forces of the channel.

7. The three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic unit component is provided with sensor mounting holes for mounting force sensor units. The force sensor unit is configured to issue a warning signal when the force on the basic unit component reaches 70% of the crush value, and to issue an alarm signal when the force reaches 80% of the crush value and the rate of force change is still increasing.

8. The three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes transport vehicles, which are operably mounted on the track; the transport vehicles are electric or manual transport vehicles, and two of the transport vehicles are connected to carry and transport stretchers for the wounded.

9. The three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The radius of curvature of the three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel is greater than or equal to 5 meters to ensure the passability of the transport vehicle when carrying a stretcher.

10. A method for constructing and rescuing a three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel, characterized in that, The application of the three-dimensional integrated support and rescue channel according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1. Basic unit components are inserted into the rescue operation surface to form at least 4 complete circular support rings, which are densely arranged to form a safety island; S2. Rescue workers are conducting excavation work inside the safety island. S3. After the excavation has advanced a preset distance, the safety island is moved forward in the excavation direction, and a spiral ring is inserted into the space behind the safety island. At the same time, a track is installed inside the spiral ring, and the track is fixed to the spiral ring with fasteners. S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to gradually build a three-dimensional integrated support and transportation rescue channel as the excavation depth increases; S5. Place the transport vehicles on the established tracks and use them to carry out inbound or outbound operations within the tunnel.

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