An online monitoring system for monitoring stress and deformation of a filling body and a method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an online monitoring system and method for monitoring stress and deformation of a filling body, and belongs to the technical field of mine exploitation. The application comprises intelligent single-point displacement meters and intelligent string strain gauges, a plurality of monitoring points are arranged in the filling body, one intelligent single-point displacement meter and one intelligent string strain gauge are arranged at each monitoring point, and the intelligent single-point displacement meter and the intelligent string strain gauge are used for measuring displacement and strain of the point; the output ends of the intelligent single-point displacement meter and the intelligent string strain gauge are connected with a signal real-time acquisition system; the application adopts an intervening measurement method, reflects the size of internal strain and displacement of the filling body, has the characteristics of convenient installation, good insulation and waterproof performance, strong anti-interference ability, long-distance transmission without distortion and the like, is suitable for long-term monitoring in a poor underground environment, and can realize real-time, online and remote monitoring of stress and deformation of the filling body, so that safe and efficient exploitation of the mine is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, and more specifically, to an online monitoring system and method for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies. Background Technology

[0002] In mining operations, due to the fragmentation and poor stability of some ore bodies, the downward-entry layered backfilling mining method is required to ensure safe and efficient mining. This method involves mining in layers from top to bottom, constructing an artificial false roof for the next layer during the mining of the previous layer, and then mining the next layer by tunneling under the protection of the artificial false roof. The stability of the backfilled false roof is crucial for the safe and efficient mining of ore; it is essential to ensure that the backfilled false roof does not collapse or suddenly become unstable during the mining process.

[0003] To ensure the safe and efficient operation of backfilling mining, it is necessary to study the stress and deformation characteristics of the false roof of the backfilling mining face. This will provide an effective and reliable basis for determining the design scheme of backfilling materials and mastering the quality control of the backfill body, so as to rationally arrange the cyclic operation schedule and take effective support measures in a timely manner.

[0004] Long-term stability monitoring of filled false roofs includes deformation and stress. Due to the complexity of the underground mining environment and the numerous interfering factors during monitoring, there is currently no effective method for long-term monitoring of the stability of filled false roofs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] 1. The technical problem that the invention aims to solve

[0006] In view of the defects and deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides an online monitoring system and method for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online monitoring system and method for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies, which can realize real-time, online remote monitoring of the stress and deformation of filling bodies, and ensure safe and efficient mining.

[0007] This invention employs an interventional measurement method to reflect the magnitude of strain and displacement within the filling body. It utilizes intelligent single-point displacement gauges and intelligent string strain gauges, featuring convenient installation, good insulation and waterproof performance, strong anti-interference ability, and distortion-free long-distance transmission, making it suitable for long-term monitoring in harsh underground environments.

[0008] 2. Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] The present invention provides an online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of a filling body, comprising an intelligent single-point displacement meter and an intelligent string strain gauge. Two rows of intelligent single-point displacement meters and two rows of intelligent string strain gauges are pre-embedded in the filling body. Multiple monitoring points are set in the filling body, and each monitoring point is equipped with an intelligent single-point displacement meter and an intelligent string strain gauge for measuring the displacement and strain at that point.

[0011] The output terminals of the intelligent single-point displacement gauge and the intelligent string strain gauge are connected to a real-time signal acquisition system; the real-time signal acquisition system consists of a data acquisition box and a computer, and the data acquisition box consists of a DTU, a power supply device and an integrated acquisition module;

[0012] The ends of the intelligent single-point displacement gauge and the intelligent string strain gauge are connected to signal transmission cables. Data is transmitted to the integrated acquisition module through the cables, and the integrated acquisition module uploads the data to the cloud with the help of the DTU.

[0013] Furthermore, the intelligent single-point displacement gauge and the intelligent string strain gauge are arranged in parallel, and the intelligent single-point displacement gauge and the intelligent string strain gauge are tied and fixed to the steel bar by iron wire.

[0014] The intelligent single-point displacement gauge is equipped with a measuring rod at its lower end, and a PVC pipe is wrapped around the outside of the measuring rod; the intelligent string strain gauge consists of two parts: a strain cylinder and a force handle, with the force handle connected to both ends of the strain cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, the intelligent single-point displacement meter is made using the principle of electromagnetic induction. When displacement occurs, it causes a change in the inductance of the coil. The inductance frequency modulation circuit converts the change in coil inductance into a frequency signal, and the frequency signal is converted into a displacement value through the data acquisition box.

[0016] Furthermore, the intelligent string strain gauge is designed and manufactured using vibrating string theory, employs fully digital detection, and utilizes pulse excitation. The intelligent string strain gauge has a built-in temperature sensor to correct for changes caused by external temperature influences. Each sensor has a built-in computing chip that automatically converts the measurement data and directly outputs the physical quantity, reducing errors and mistakes caused by manual conversion.

[0017] Furthermore, the data acquisition box contains a DTU, a power supply device, and an integrated acquisition module. The DTU can transmit data to a computer using a wireless communication network; the power supply device can convert 220V AC power to 12V DC power; the integrated acquisition module has multiple signal channels to receive displacement and strain signals. The data is connected to the signal real-time acquisition system via a cable. The computer is used to save and analyze the data acquired by the data acquisition box, import the saved data into an Excel spreadsheet, and plot and analyze the stress and deformation evolution of the filling body.

[0018] Furthermore, the intelligent string strain gauge has a length of 150mm, a middle diameter of 22mm, a measuring range of ±1500με, a measurement sensitivity of 1με, a temperature range of -40℃ to +120℃, a temperature sensitivity of ±0.5℃, and needs to be installed parallel to the direction of the stress being measured.

[0019] The intelligent single-point displacement meter has a range of 200mm, a measurement sensitivity of 0.01mm, a temperature range of -30℃ to +80℃, a temperature sensitivity of ±0.5℃, and needs to be installed parallel to the direction of the displacement being measured.

[0020] Furthermore, the integrated acquisition module has 20 signal channels and can simultaneously acquire signals from 20 sensors. When the number of monitored signals is greater than 20, multiple integrated acquisition modules 13 need to be connected in series.

[0021] Furthermore, the cable is a four-core shielded cable, wherein: the bare wire is the shield wire, the red wire is the ground wire, the yellow wire is the frequency wire, the blue wire is the digital signal wire, and the green wire is the 5V power supply wire. The cable is laid through the side wall and top of the tunnel, transmitting the data of the intelligent single-point displacement meter and the intelligent string strain gauge to the integrated acquisition module, with a transmission distance of 300m.

[0022] A method for an online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling materials includes the following steps:

[0023] S1: Before filling the filling channel, pre-embed several rows of displacement gauges and stress gauges. The specific method is as follows: Select monitoring points at 10m intervals, and use steel bars and wires to build a support frame. The frame needs to be pulled tight and straightened, and tied securely. Use wires to fix the intelligent single-point displacement gauges and intelligent string strain gauges to the corresponding positions of the steel bar support. The adjacent monitoring points on the same section should be 1~2m apart. After the intelligent single-point displacement gauge is installed, the position of the measuring rod needs to be adjusted so that it can measure both tensile and compressive displacements. The intelligent string strain gauge should be installed parallel to the stress direction of the structure. When tying the intelligent string strain gauge, it should be tied 5mm inside the force handle at both ends. The middle part is not allowed to be tied. The intelligent string strain gauge should be in a state where both ends are tightly attached to the steel bar and the middle is suspended.

[0024] S2: Since the data acquisition box requires 4G network to transmit data, it needs to be installed in a location with good signal. It can be fixed with expansion screws.

[0025] S3: The cable is led out along the support steel bars and along the side wall and roof of the tunnel to the data acquisition box. When passing through the tunnel that has not yet been opened, the cable needs to be protected with PVC pipe to prevent the blasting debris from damaging the cable.

[0026] S4: Connect the cable to the integrated acquisition module in the data acquisition box, and finally power on the data acquisition box to complete the installation of the monitoring system;

[0027] S5: Turn on the computer, connect the integrated acquisition module in the data acquisition box to the cloud platform monitoring system, debug the installed sensors, check whether they are working properly, then periodically collect signals and save the data in real time.

[0028] S6: Import the saved stress and displacement data into the Exce1 software, and perform simple data processing to obtain the inclination rate, curvature, horizontal deformation, and stress-time curves, thereby analyzing the deformation and stress evolution of the filling body.

[0029] Furthermore, based on the horizontal and vertical displacements of the filling body measured by the intelligent single-point displacement gauge, the differences in horizontal and vertical displacements between different monitoring points can be obtained. This allows for the calculation of the inclination, curvature, and horizontal deformation of the filling body. Analyzing the variation patterns of the inclination, curvature, and horizontal deformation reveals the deformation evolution law of the filling body. The strain of the filling body measured by the intelligent string strain gauge is multiplied by its elastic modulus to obtain the stress of the filling body. Using this calculation result, a stress-time curve of the filling body is plotted. Analysis of this curve reveals the stress evolution law of the filling body.

[0030] 3. Beneficial effects

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages:

[0032] This invention employs an interventional measurement method, which can accurately reflect the internal stress, strain, and deformation of the filling body; it uses intelligent string strain gauges and intelligent single-point displacement gauges, which are easy to install, have good insulation and explosion-proof performance, strong anti-interference ability, and long-distance transmission without distortion, making them suitable for long-term monitoring in harsh underground environments;

[0033] Intelligent string strain gauges and intelligent single-point displacement gauges are equipped with signal acquisition systems, enabling remote monitoring and analysis of the stability of filling bodies. They automatically collect displacement and strain data at regular intervals and transmit them wirelessly to the terminal, eliminating the need for personnel to frequently go down into the well to take readings, thus reducing manual time and work intensity. They are especially suitable for deep wells or high-risk goaf scenarios.

[0034] Intelligent single-point displacement gauges and intelligent string strain gauges have high sensing accuracy and can synchronize data in real time, avoiding errors from manual recording. If the filling material deforms or experiences a sudden increase in stress, an early warning can be triggered quickly, buying time for emergency response. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the overall structural distribution of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A sectional view along line AA.

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Sectional view along the BB line;

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view along the CC line;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent single-point displacement meter of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent string strain gauge of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the real-time signal acquisition system of the present invention.

[0042] In the diagram: 1. Intelligent single-point displacement gauge; 2. Intelligent string strain gauge; 3. PVC pipe; 4. Measuring rod; 5. Iron wire; 6. Reinforcing bar; 7. Strain cylinder; 8. Force handle; 9. Cable; 10. Data acquisition box; 11. DTU; 12. Power supply device; 13. Integrated acquisition module; 14. Computer. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0044] Example 1

[0045] from Figure 1-7 As can be seen, the online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of the filling body in this embodiment includes an intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1 and an intelligent string strain gauge 2. Two rows of intelligent single-point displacement gauges 1 and two rows of intelligent string strain gauges 2 are pre-embedded in the filling body. Multiple monitoring points are set in the filling body, and an intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1 and an intelligent string strain gauge 2 are installed at each monitoring point to measure the displacement and strain of that point.

[0046] The output terminals of the intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1 and the intelligent string strain gauge 2 are connected to a real-time signal acquisition system; the real-time signal acquisition system consists of a data acquisition box 10 and a computer 14, and the data acquisition box 10 consists of a DTU 11, a power supply device 12 and a comprehensive acquisition module 13.

[0047] The ends of the intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1 and the intelligent string strain gauge 2 are connected to the signal transmission cable 9. The data is transmitted to the integrated acquisition module 13 through the cable 9. The integrated acquisition module 13 uploads the data to the cloud with the help of DTU 11.

[0048] The intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1 and the intelligent string strain gauge 2 are arranged in parallel, and the intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1 and the intelligent string strain gauge 2 are tied and fixed to the steel bar 6 by iron wire 5.

[0049] The lower end of the intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1 is equipped with a measuring rod 4, and a PVC pipe 3 is wrapped around the outside of the measuring rod 4; the intelligent string strain gauge 2 consists of two parts: a strain cylinder 7 and a force handle 8, with the force handle 8 connected to both ends of the strain cylinder 7.

[0050] The intelligent single-point displacement meter 1 is made using the principle of electromagnetic induction. When displacement occurs, it will cause a change in the inductance of the coil. The inductance frequency modulation circuit converts the change in coil inductance into a frequency signal, and the frequency signal is converted into a displacement value through the data acquisition box 10.

[0051] The intelligent string strain gauge 2 is designed and manufactured based on the vibrating string theory, and adopts fully digital detection, using pulse excitation. The intelligent string strain gauge 2 has a built-in temperature sensor to correct for changes caused by external temperature. Each sensor has a computing chip inside, which automatically converts the measurement data and directly outputs the physical quantity, reducing errors and mistakes in manual conversion.

[0052] The data acquisition box 10 contains a DTU 11, a power supply device 12, and an integrated acquisition module 13. The DTU 11 can transmit data to a computer via a wireless communication network. The power supply device 12 can convert 220V AC power to 12V DC power. The integrated acquisition module 13 has multiple signal channels to receive displacement and strain signals. The data is connected to the integrated acquisition module 13 via cable 9 and then connected to the real-time signal acquisition system. The computer 14 is used to save and analyze the data acquired by the data acquisition box, import the saved data into an Excel spreadsheet, and plot and analyze the stress and deformation evolution of the filling body.

[0053] The intelligent string strain gauge 2 has a length of 150mm, a middle diameter of 22mm, a measuring range of ±1500με, a measurement sensitivity of 1με, a temperature range of -40℃ to +120℃, a temperature sensitivity of ±0.5℃, and needs to be installed parallel to the direction of the stress being measured.

[0054] The intelligent single-point displacement meter has a measuring range of 200mm, a measurement sensitivity of 0.01mm, a temperature range of -30℃ to +80℃, a temperature sensitivity of ±0.5℃, and needs to be installed parallel to the direction of the displacement being measured.

[0055] The integrated acquisition module 13 has 20 signal channels and can acquire 20 sensor signals simultaneously. When there are more than 20 signals to monitor, multiple integrated acquisition modules 13 need to be connected in series.

[0056] Cable 9 is a four-core shielded cable, in which: the bare wire is the shield wire, the red wire is the ground wire, the yellow wire is the frequency wire, the blue wire is the digital signal wire, and the green wire is the 5V power supply wire. Cable 9 is laid through the side wall and top of the tunnel, transmitting the data of the intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1 and the intelligent string strain gauge 2 to the integrated acquisition module 13, with a transmission distance of 300m.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] from Figure 1-7 As can be seen, the method of an online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of a filling body according to this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0059] S1: Before filling the filling channel, pre-embed several rows of displacement gauges and stress gauges. The specific method is as follows: Select monitoring points at 10m intervals, and use steel bars 6 and iron wires 5 to build a support. The support needs to be pulled tight and straightened, and tied firmly. Use iron wires 5 to fix the intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1 and intelligent string strain gauge 2 to the corresponding positions of the support of steel bars 6. The adjacent monitoring points on the same section should be 1~2m apart. After the intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1 is installed, the position of the measuring rod 4 needs to be adjusted so that it can measure both tensile and compressive displacement. The intelligent string strain gauge 2 needs to be installed parallel to the stress direction of the structure. When tying the intelligent string strain gauge 2, it should be 5mm inside the force handles 8 at both ends. The middle part is not allowed to be tied. The intelligent string strain gauge 2 should be in a state where both ends are tightly attached to the steel bars 6 and the middle is suspended.

[0060] S2: Since the data acquisition box 10 requires 4G network to transmit data, it needs to be installed in a location with good signal. It can be fixed with expansion screws.

[0061] S3: Cable 9 is led out along the support steel bar 6 and along the side wall and roof of the tunnel to the data acquisition box 10. When passing through the tunnel that has not yet been opened, PVC pipes are needed to protect the cable to prevent the debris generated by the blast from damaging the cable 9.

[0062] S4: Connect cable 9 to the integrated acquisition module 13 in the data acquisition box 10, and finally power on the data acquisition box 10 to complete the installation of the monitoring system.

[0063] S5: Turn on computer 14, connect the integrated acquisition module 13 in data acquisition box 10 to the cloud platform monitoring system, debug the installed sensors, check whether they are working properly, then periodically collect signals and save data in real time.

[0064] S6: Import the saved stress and displacement data into the Exce1 software, and perform simple data processing to obtain the inclination rate, curvature, horizontal deformation, and stress-time curves, thereby analyzing the deformation and stress evolution of the filling body.

[0065] The method for analyzing the stress and deformation evolution of the filling body is as follows: Based on the horizontal and vertical displacements of the filling body measured by the intelligent single-point displacement gauge 1, the horizontal and vertical displacement differences between different monitoring points can be obtained. Then, the inclination, curvature, and horizontal deformation of the filling body can be calculated. By analyzing the variation law of the inclination, curvature, and horizontal deformation, the deformation evolution law of the filling body can be revealed. The strain of the filling body measured by the intelligent string strain gauge 2 can be multiplied by its elastic modulus to obtain the stress of the filling body. The stress-time curve of the filling body can be plotted based on the calculation results. By analyzing the curve, the stress evolution law of the filling body can be revealed.

[0066] The monitoring method provided by this invention operates on the following principle: A vibrating wire strain gauge is a sensor that measures using the vibrating wire principle. A steel wire is fixed inside a strain cylinder that provides protection and support. The steel wire has a certain natural frequency. When the stress inside the filling material changes, the steel wire and the strain cylinder synchronously sense the deformation of the structure. The stress change in the steel wire causes a change in its natural frequency. By measuring the change in the natural vibration frequency of the steel wire, the change in the internal tension of the structure is determined, and the strain of the filling material is measured. An intelligent single-point displacement gauge utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction. A magnetic piston rod, fixed to a tie rod, is inserted into a solenoid coil and can move back and forth. The inductance of the coil is related to the length of the magnetic piston rod inserted into the coil. When the measuring rod displaces, it causes a change in the coil inductance. An inductor frequency modulation circuit converts this change in coil inductance into a frequency signal, thereby measuring the displacement of the filling material.

[0067] This invention employs an interventional measurement method, which can accurately reflect the internal stress, strain, and deformation of the filling body; it uses intelligent string strain gauges and intelligent single-point displacement gauges, which are easy to install, have good insulation and explosion-proof performance, strong anti-interference ability, and long-distance transmission without distortion, making them suitable for long-term monitoring in harsh underground environments;

[0068] Intelligent string strain gauges and intelligent single-point displacement gauges are equipped with signal acquisition systems, enabling remote monitoring and analysis of the stability of filling bodies. They automatically collect displacement and strain data at regular intervals and transmit them wirelessly to the terminal, eliminating the need for personnel to frequently go down into the well to take readings, thus reducing manual time and work intensity. They are especially suitable for deep wells or high-risk goaf scenarios.

[0069] Intelligent single-point displacement gauges and intelligent string strain gauges have high sensing accuracy and can synchronize data in real time, avoiding errors from manual recording. If the filling material deforms or experiences a sudden increase in stress, an early warning can be triggered quickly, buying time for emergency response.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] This embodiment describes a method for an online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling materials. The monitoring method of the above-mentioned device is illustrated through a specific implementation process, including the following steps:

[0072] (1) Select monitoring points. A certain iron mine in Anhui Province adopts the down-entry layered filling mining method. A certain entry point is selected for monitoring. The entry point is 36m long and 4m wide. Three monitoring points are arranged horizontally every 7m from the exit of the entry point, for a total of 4 rows. Each monitoring point is equipped with a displacement gauge 1 and a strain gauge 2 to measure the stress, strain and displacement of the monitoring point. The spacing is 1.25m. The distance between the side wall and the monitoring point is 1m. The displacement gauge 1 and the strain gauge 2 are divided into two types: horizontal installation and vertical installation, which are used to measure the horizontal strain displacement and vertical strain displacement of the filling body.

[0073] (2) Use the horizontal and vertical ribs that have been arranged in the route as brackets to install the sensor. Use wire 5 to fix the sensor on the bracket. When tightening the wire 5, pull it tight and straight to ensure that it is firmly tied.

[0074] (3) After the displacement gauge is installed, the position of the measuring rod 4 needs to be adjusted so that it can measure both tensile displacement and compressive displacement. The strain gauge should be installed parallel to the stress direction of the structure. When the strain gauge is tied, it should be 5mm inside the force handle 8 at both ends. The middle part is not allowed to be tied. The strain gauge should be in a state where the two ends are tightly attached to the steel bars and the middle part is suspended.

[0075] (4) Install the data acquisition box 10 in a location with good signal, and then fix it with expansion screws;

[0076] (5) Lead the cable 9 out along the support steel bars and lead it along the side wall and roof of the roadway to the data acquisition box 10. When passing through the roadway that has not yet been opened, the cable 9 needs to be protected with PVC pipe to prevent the debris generated by the blast from damaging the cable 9.

[0077] (6) Connect the cable to the integrated acquisition module 13 in the data acquisition box 10, and finally power on the data acquisition box 10 to complete the installation of the monitoring system.

[0078] (7) Turn on computer 14, connect the integrated acquisition module in the data acquisition box to the cloud platform monitoring system, and debug the installed sensors to check if they are working properly. If there are no installation problems, the monitoring path can be filled, signals can be collected periodically, and data can be saved in real time;

[0079] (8) Import the saved strain and displacement data into the Exce1 software. Based on the horizontal and vertical displacements of the filling body measured by the displacement gauge 1, the difference in horizontal and vertical displacements between different monitoring points can be obtained. Then, the inclination, curvature and horizontal deformation of the filling body can be calculated. By analyzing the variation law of inclination, curvature and horizontal deformation, the deformation evolution law of the filling body can be revealed. The strain of the filling body measured by the strain gauge 5 can be multiplied by its elastic modulus to obtain the stress of the filling body. The stress-time curve of the filling body can be plotted based on the calculation result. By analyzing the curve, the stress evolution law of the filling body can be revealed.

[0080] The purpose of this invention is to provide an online monitoring system and method for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies, which can realize real-time, online remote monitoring of the stress and deformation of filling bodies, and ensure safe and efficient mining.

[0081] This invention employs an interventional measurement method to reflect the magnitude of strain and displacement within the filling body. It utilizes intelligent single-point displacement gauges and intelligent string strain gauges, featuring convenient installation, good insulation and waterproof performance, strong anti-interference ability, and distortion-free long-distance transmission, making it suitable for long-term monitoring in harsh underground environments.

[0082] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of a filling body, comprising an intelligent single-point displacement gauge (1) and an intelligent string strain gauge (2), characterized in that: The filling body is pre-embedded with two rows of intelligent single-point displacement gauges (1) and two rows of intelligent string strain gauges (2). Multiple monitoring points are set in the filling body. Each monitoring point is equipped with an intelligent single-point displacement gauge (1) and an intelligent string strain gauge (2) to measure the displacement and strain of that point. The output terminals of the intelligent single-point displacement gauge (1) and the intelligent string strain gauge (2) are connected to a real-time signal acquisition system; the real-time signal acquisition system consists of a data acquisition box (10) and a computer (14), and the data acquisition box (10) consists of a DTU (11), a power supply device (12) and a comprehensive acquisition module (13); The ends of the intelligent single-point displacement gauge (1) and the intelligent string strain gauge (2) are connected to signal transmission cables (9). Data is transmitted to the integrated acquisition module (13) through the cable (9). The integrated acquisition module (13) uploads the data to the cloud with the help of the DTU (11).

2. The online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent single-point displacement meter (1) and the intelligent string strain gauge (2) are arranged in parallel, and the intelligent single-point displacement meter (1) and the intelligent string strain gauge (2) are tied and fixed to the steel bar (6) by iron wire (5); The lower end of the intelligent single-point displacement meter (1) is provided with a measuring rod (4), and a PVC pipe (3) is wrapped around the outside of the measuring rod (4); the intelligent string strain gauge (2) consists of two parts: a strain cylinder (7) and a force handle (8), and the two ends of the strain cylinder (7) are connected to the force handle (8).

3. The online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent single-point displacement meter (1) is made using the principle of electromagnetic induction. When displacement occurs, it will cause a change in the coil inductance. The inductance frequency modulation circuit converts the change in coil inductance into a frequency signal, and the frequency signal is converted into a displacement value through the data acquisition box (10).

4. The online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent string strain gauge (2) is designed and manufactured using vibrating string theory, and adopts full digital detection and pulse excitation. The intelligent string strain gauge (2) has a built-in temperature sensor to correct for changes caused by external temperature. Each sensor has a calculation chip inside, which automatically converts the measurement data and directly outputs the physical quantity, reducing errors and mistakes in manual conversion.

5. The online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition box (10) contains a DTU (11), a power supply device (12), and an integrated acquisition module (13). The DTU (11) can transmit data to a computer via a wireless communication network. The power supply device (12) can convert 220V AC power to 12V DC power. The integrated acquisition module (13) has multiple signal channels to receive displacement and strain signals. The data is connected to the integrated acquisition module (13) via a cable (9) and connected to the real-time signal acquisition system. The computer (14) is used to save and analyze the data acquired by the data acquisition box, import the saved data into an Excel spreadsheet, and plot and analyze the stress and deformation evolution of the filling body.

6. The online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent string strain gauge (2) has a length of 150mm, a middle diameter of 22mm, a range of ±1500με, a measurement sensitivity of 1με, a temperature range of -40℃ to +120℃, a temperature sensitivity of ±0.5℃, and needs to be installed parallel to the direction of the stress being measured. The intelligent single-point displacement meter (1) has a range of 200mm, a measurement sensitivity of 0.01mm, a temperature range of -30℃ to +80℃, a temperature sensitivity of ±0.5℃, and needs to be installed parallel to the direction of the displacement being measured.

7. The online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated acquisition module (13) has 20 signal channels and can acquire 20 sensor signals at the same time. When the number of monitored signals is greater than 20, multiple integrated acquisition modules (13) need to be connected in series.

8. The online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable (9) is a four-core shielded cable, in which: the bare wire is the shield wire, the red wire is the ground wire, the yellow wire is the frequency wire, the blue wire is the digital signal wire, and the green wire is the 5V power supply wire. The cable (9) is routed through the side wall and top of the tunnel to transmit the data of the intelligent single-point displacement meter (1) and the intelligent string strain gauge (2) to the integrated acquisition module (13), and the transmission distance reaches 300m.

9. The method for an online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of an infill body according to claim 2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Before filling the filling channel, pre-embed several rows of displacement gauges and stress gauges. The specific method is as follows: Select monitoring points at intervals of 10m, and use steel bars (6) and iron wires (5) to build a support. It is necessary to pull it tight and straight and tie it firmly. Use iron wires (5) to fix the intelligent single-point displacement gauge (1) and intelligent string strain gauge (2) at the corresponding positions of the steel bar (6) support. The adjacent monitoring points on the same section are 1~2m apart. After the intelligent single-point displacement gauge (1) is installed, the position of the measuring rod (4) needs to be adjusted so that it can measure both tensile displacement and compressive displacement. The intelligent string strain gauge (2) needs to be installed parallel to the stress direction of the structure. When tying the intelligent string strain gauge (2), it should be 5mm inside the force handle (8) at both ends. The middle part is not allowed to be tied. The intelligent string strain gauge (2) is in a state where the two ends are tightly attached to the steel bar (6) and the middle is suspended. S2: Since the data acquisition box (10) needs to transmit data via 4G network, it needs to be installed in a location with good signal. It can be fixed with expansion screws. S3: The cable (9) is led out along the support steel bar (6) and along the side wall and roof of the roadway to the data acquisition box (10). When passing through the roadway that has not yet been opened, the cable needs to be protected with PVC pipe to prevent the gravel generated by the blast from damaging the cable (9). S4: Connect the cable (9) to the integrated acquisition module (13) in the data acquisition box (10), and finally power on the data acquisition box (10) to complete the installation of the monitoring system; S5: Open the computer (14), connect the integrated acquisition module (13) in the data acquisition box (10) to the cloud platform monitoring system, debug the installed sensor, check whether it is working properly, then collect signals at regular intervals and save the data in real time; S6: Import the saved stress and displacement data into the Exce1 software, and perform simple data processing to obtain the inclination rate, curvature, horizontal deformation, and stress-time curves, thereby analyzing the deformation and stress evolution of the filling body.

10. The method for an online monitoring system for monitoring the stress and deformation of a filling body according to claim 9, characterized in that: Based on the horizontal and vertical displacements of the filling body measured by the intelligent single-point displacement gauge (1), the difference in horizontal and vertical displacements between different monitoring points can be obtained, and then the inclination, curvature and horizontal deformation of the filling body can be calculated. By analyzing the variation law of inclination, curvature and horizontal deformation, the deformation evolution law of the filling body can be revealed. The strain of the filling body measured by the intelligent string strain gauge (2) can be multiplied by its elastic modulus to obtain the stress of the filling body. The stress-time curve of the filling body can be plotted based on the calculation result. By analyzing the curve, the stress evolution law of the filling body can be revealed.

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