A net crack gauge monitoring device and method for monitoring collapse of a dangerous rock mass in a reservoir area

Abstract

A kind of net crack gauge monitoring device and method for dangerous rock mass collapse monitoring in reservoir area, including the surface position of visible rock crack in reservoir area is arranged net crack gauge monitoring device, the net crack gauge monitoring device includes longitudinal and transverse induction rope that is interlaced vertically and horizontally;In the transverse and longitudinal induction rope intersection node position, buckle type device with sensor is arranged, and the sensor type in the buckle type device is stress monitoring sensor;Sensor is connected with each other by wireless signal and data terminal.This application considers that the installation of rock crack monitoring instrument in reservoir area is difficult, and the aging and fracture of rope lead to monitoring failure, and the net structure can protect the slope rock mass to a certain extent, which can guarantee the safety of life and property of people in reservoir area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of reservoir area geological disaster monitoring technology, and relates to a network crack gauge monitoring device and method for monitoring the collapse of unstable rock masses in reservoir areas. Background Technology

[0002] The reservoir area has complex geological conditions along its banks, with widespread development of unstable rock masses. After the reservoir was built and began impounding water, the periodic fluctuations in the reservoir water level repeatedly erode, penetrate, and dissolve the existing fissures, fault fracture zones, and weak interlayers in the drawdown zone of the bank slope. Under the influence of these adverse external factors, the width and length of the fissures continue to increase, further reducing the strength and integrity of the rock mass, exacerbating the instability of the slope rock mass, and increasing the probability of landslides.

[0003] The development of unstable rock masses is usually gradual, making them difficult to identify in the early stages before a disaster occurs. Once unstable, they are sudden and highly destructive. However, traditional monitoring methods, such as community-based monitoring and prevention, and manual inspections, are inefficient, have limited scope, consume a lot of manpower and resources, and are subject to significant human error during measurement.

[0004] Currently used sensors often suffer from problems such as failure due to water seepage, short circuits, corrosion, and aging caused by prolonged exposure, strong water flow, or extreme temperature differences. Wireless transmission modules often experience data disconnection due to signal interference or power outages, making it difficult to meet the needs of long-term continuous field monitoring. The cost of field maintenance, replacement, and upgrading of monitoring equipment and instruments is extremely high.

[0005] In recent years, area monitoring systems combining flexible protective netting with monitoring units have been proposed. By arranging stress sensing units for supporting steel ropes and grid mesh within the flexible protective netting, the strain and stress changes on the surface of the target rock mass can be sensed and collected. These systems attempt to shift from "point monitoring" to "area monitoring," expanding the monitoring coverage. However, shortcomings remain in practical applications: the flexible protective netting and sensors are arranged separately, leading to complex construction and installation procedures; the steel ropes and netting are at risk of corrosion and breakage in reservoir environments with high humidity, alternating wet and dry conditions, and wave erosion; and the connection structure between the sensors and the ropes is prone to loosening or damage during severe rock deformation, requiring improvement in long-term reliability.

[0006] In summary, existing monitoring technologies for rock mass cracks in reservoir areas have the following shortcomings: First, monitoring instruments have extremely poor environmental adaptability in harsh environments, resulting in a high probability of malfunction; second, monitoring is conducted at single points on single cracks, and monitoring at local discrete points cannot represent the overall stability of the rock mass, and stress and deformation monitoring of large-area crack networks is insufficient; third, the placement of monitoring equipment at rock mass crack locations only serves as an early warning and prediction tool, without considering the integration of monitoring functions with rock mass protection functions, leading to high costs and long cycles in subsequent collapse disaster control construction and effect monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mesh crack gauge monitoring device and method for monitoring the collapse of dangerous rock masses in reservoir areas, so as to solve the technical problems of poor environmental adaptability, limited monitoring range and separation of monitoring and protection functions of existing monitoring instruments, and realize large-area, all-weather and intelligent monitoring of dangerous rock mass collapse in reservoir areas.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a mesh crack monitoring device for monitoring the collapse of dangerous rock masses in reservoir areas, comprising a mesh crack monitoring device, wherein the mesh crack monitoring device is composed of multiple transverse and longitudinal sensing ropes interlaced to form a mesh structure; at each node where the transverse and longitudinal sensing ropes intersect, a snap-fit ​​connector is provided, and each snap-fit ​​connector is embedded with a stress monitoring sensor; each stress monitoring sensor is connected to a data acquisition terminal; the edge of the mesh of the mesh crack monitoring device is connected to the surface of the dangerous rock mass or a fixed pile through corrosion-resistant anchors and a prestressing tightening device.

[0009] The snap-fit ​​connector is a snap-fit ​​structure that locks and fixes the transverse sensing rope and the longitudinal sensing rope at the node.

[0010] The snap-fit ​​connector has a sensor mounting cavity inside, and a silicone rubber sealing ring is provided on the outer periphery of the sensor mounting cavity.

[0011] Both the horizontal and vertical sensing ropes are made of a rope body composed of a twisted inner core of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and an outer sheath that is wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant.

[0012] The diameter of the transverse and longitudinal sensing ropes is 8mm to 16mm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sheath is 1.5mm to 3mm.

[0013] The corrosion-resistant anchor is an expansion anchor or a self-drilling grouting anchor, and the prestressing tightening device is a bolt-type bidirectional tightener, with one end of the prestressing tightening device fixedly connected to the end of the sensing rope at the edge of the mesh.

[0014] The mesh width and height formed by the interlacing of the transverse and longitudinal sensing ropes are both 1.0m to 2.0m.

[0015] The stress monitoring sensor is a strain gauge force sensor used to detect in real time the changes in tension of the rope at the node caused by the opening and closing of rock cracks and the displacement of the rope.

[0016] It also includes a remote communication module, which is connected to the data acquisition terminal and is used to send early warning information to the management platform.

[0017] The monitoring method of the mesh crack gauge monitoring device for monitoring the collapse of unstable rock masses in reservoir areas as described in any of the above claims includes the following steps: S1: Clean the surface of the unstable rock mass, removing loose rocks and vegetation. Determine the boundary of the monitoring area and mark the anchoring points based on the crack survey results. Drill holes at the anchoring points, clean the holes, inject cement mortar, and install corrosion-resistant anchors. After the mortar reaches the design strength, connect the ends of the transverse and longitudinal sensing ropes at the edge of the mesh to the prestressing tightening devices at the corresponding anchoring points. Adjust the prestressing tightening devices from the center of the monitoring area outwards to ensure that the mesh is tightly attached to the rock mass surface. S2: The stress monitoring sensors at each node continuously collect rope tension data at a set sampling frequency and transmit the stress data to the data acquisition terminal; when communication at a node is interrupted or a sensor fails, the data acquisition terminal automatically identifies and reports the problem. S3: The data acquisition terminal performs synchronous analysis of stress at multiple nodes, continuously performs trend analysis and abrupt change detection on the stress sequence of each node; when the stress increment of a single node exceeds the preset threshold continuously within a preset time, or when abnormal fluctuation characteristics occur, it is determined that the crack propagation at that node has intensified, an early warning signal is immediately triggered, and the monitoring and early warning level is determined according to the stress change amplitude. S4: The warning information, corresponding node location, and warning level are sent to the management platform through the remote communication module. After receiving the warning information, the management platform immediately highlights the warning area on the platform and automatically sends SMS messages and push notifications to the disaster prevention personnel. S5: The curves corresponding to the stress monitoring sensors at each node are transmitted to the management platform via the remote communication module, forming multiple crack width change curves with the same column. When the crack deformation rate exceeds the corresponding threshold, an early warning is triggered, and the stress change at each location of the monitored dangerous rock mass is known.

[0018] The main beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. A mesh crack monitoring device is constructed by interlacing transverse and longitudinal sensing ropes. At each intersection node, snap-on connectors with stress monitoring sensors are arranged, which can achieve large-area coverage of the monitored unstable rock mass and collect stress data of multiple cracks simultaneously. This overcomes the limitations of traditional single-point sensors, which have a small monitoring range and cannot reflect the overall stability of the rock mass.

[0019] 2. Both the transverse and longitudinal sensing ropes are made of composite ropes consisting of an inner core of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber twisted together and an outer sheath that is wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant. They have excellent properties such as high strength, good toughness, resistance to wave erosion, resistance to alternating wet and dry conditions, resistance to mud and sand abrasion, and resistance to impact from floating objects. The snap-on connector also serves as the protective housing for the stress monitoring sensor, and works with a silicone rubber sealing ring to achieve a sealing effect.

[0020] 3. By attaching the mesh to the surface of the unstable rock mass with pre-stressed material, it serves both as a carrier for the monitoring sensor network, allowing real-time sensing of tensile changes caused by crack opening and closing and slippage, and as a flexible protective fixation for the unstable rock mass surface, preventing the detachment of surface broken rock fragments. This design truly integrates monitoring and protection functions, reducing the steps, costs, and time required for phased construction, and making subsequent landslide disaster management more convenient.

[0021] 4. By adopting modular snap-fit ​​connectors and a prestressed rapid fixing method, the edges of the mesh are connected to the rock mass or fixed piles through corrosion-resistant anchors and prestressing tightening devices. Through steps such as surface clearing, drilling, anchoring, and prestressing tensioning, installation can be completed quickly under complex terrain conditions in the reservoir area without complicated debugging, resulting in high construction efficiency.

[0022] 5. The stress monitoring sensors at each node are strain gauge force sensors, capable of independently collecting data on the tensile force changes in the rope at each node caused by the opening and closing, and displacement of rock mass cracks. The data acquisition terminal synchronously analyzes the stress at each node, and through trend analysis and abrupt change detection, accurately determines the location and extent of crack propagation. An early warning is immediately triggered when the stress increment at a single node continuously exceeds a preset threshold within a preset time, facilitating early identification and rapid response to rock mass collapse disasters.

[0023] 6. Real-time on-site analysis is achieved through the edge computing unit of the data acquisition terminal. When it is determined that the crack expansion is intensifying, the early warning information, along with the corresponding node location and warning level, is immediately sent to the management platform via the remote communication module. Upon receiving the early warning information, the management platform highlights the warning area and automatically sends SMS messages and push notifications to the disaster prevention personnel. This enables intelligent and unmanned monitoring of rockfalls in the reservoir area, reducing the cost of manual inspections and shortening disaster response time. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the rock mass slope layout of the mesh crack monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the internal and external assembly of the sensor mounting cavity according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sensing rope of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the mesh edge anchor and prestressing tightening device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition and transmission architecture of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the monitoring method of the mesh crack monitoring device of the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 10 horizontal sensing rope; 11 vertical sensing rope; 12 snap-on connector; 13 stress monitoring sensor; 14 wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sheath; 15 corrosion-resistant anchor; 16 prestressing tightening device; 17 data acquisition terminal; 18 remote communication module; 19 management platform; 20 sensor mounting cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0027] like Figures 1-7 Among them, a mesh crack monitoring device for monitoring the collapse of dangerous rock masses in reservoir areas includes a mesh crack monitor, which is composed of multiple transverse sensing ropes 10 and longitudinal sensing ropes 11 interlaced to form a mesh structure; at each node where the transverse sensing ropes 10 and longitudinal sensing ropes 11 intersect, there is a snap-fit ​​connector 12, and each snap-fit ​​connector 12 is embedded with a stress monitoring sensor 13; each stress monitoring sensor 13 is connected to a data acquisition terminal 17; the edge of the mesh of the mesh crack monitor is connected to the surface of the dangerous rock mass or a fixed pile through corrosion-resistant anchors 15 and prestressing tightening devices 16.

[0028] Furthermore, the snap-fit ​​connector 12 has a snap-fit ​​structure, which locks and fixes the transverse sensing rope 10 and the longitudinal sensing rope 11 at the node.

[0029] Furthermore, the snap-fit ​​connector 12 includes a sensor mounting cavity 20, with a silicone rubber sealing ring on its outer periphery. The snap-fit ​​connector 12 consists of an upper and lower retainer made of high-strength engineering plastic. The upper and lower retainers are locked together by four M8-M10 stainless steel bolts. The retainer contains cross-shaped rope grooves, each with a semi-circular groove cross-section precisely matching the diameter of the sensing rope. The groove depth is 2 / 3 of the rope diameter, ensuring the sensing rope is reliably clamped at the node without slippage. The sensor mounting cavity 20 is located in the center of the retainer, and a silicone rubber sealing ring and waterproof connector are installed around its outer periphery, enabling the sensor to operate reliably even under prolonged immersion in water or in high-humidity environments.

[0030] Furthermore, both the transverse sensing rope 10 and the longitudinal sensing rope 11 are composite ropes composed of an inner core of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber twisted together and an outer wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sheath 14, or stainless steel wire ropes covered with a polyurethane protective layer, giving them high strength, high toughness, resistance to wave erosion, resistance to repeated immersion in water, and resistance to being cut by external forces.

[0031] Furthermore, the diameter of the transverse sensing rope 10 and the longitudinal sensing rope 11 is 8-16mm, and the tensile strength of a single rope is not less than 30kN; the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber core is formed by twisting multiple strands of fiber together, and the outer wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sheath 14 is extruded and coated with thermoplastic polyurethane or nylon material, with a sheath thickness of 1.5-3.0mm; when stainless steel wire rope is used, the wire rope specification is 6×19+IWS, the nominal diameter is 8-12mm, and the thickness of the outer polyurethane protective layer is 2.0-3.5mm.

[0032] Furthermore, the corrosion-resistant anchor 15 is an expansion anchor or a self-drilling grouting anchor, and the prestressing tightening device 16 is a bolt-type bidirectional tightener, with one end of the prestressing tightening device 16 fixedly connected to the end of the sensing rope at the edge of the mesh. The corrosion-resistant anchor 15 is an expansion anchor or a self-drilling grouting anchor made of hot-dip galvanized or stainless steel, with a diameter of 25-32mm and an anchoring depth of 1.5-3.0m. The exposed end of the anchor is equipped with an adjustable thread and a locking nut. The prestressing tightening device 16 is a bolt-type bidirectional tightener, fixedly connected to the end of the sensing rope at the edge of the mesh. A preset prestress is applied to the mesh by rotating the bolt. The prestress is controlled at 10%-20% of the tensile strength of the sensing rope, ensuring a tight fit between the mesh and the rock surface without affecting the sensitive response of the sensing rope to crack deformation. The spacing between anchoring points at the edge of the mesh is 2.0-3.0m, with appropriate densification at corners of dangerous rock masses or areas with dense cracks.

[0033] Furthermore, the mesh width and height formed by the interlacing of the transverse sensing rope 10 and the longitudinal sensing rope 11 are both 1.0m to 2.0m. The mesh size formed by the interlacing of the transverse sensing rope 10 and the longitudinal sensing rope 11 is 1.0m×1.0m to 2.0m×2.0m, which can be adjusted according to the density of crack development in the unstable rock mass and the monitoring accuracy requirements. The mesh size in areas with dense crack development can be appropriately increased to improve monitoring sensitivity.

[0034] Furthermore, the stress monitoring sensor 13 is a strain gauge force sensor used to detect in real time the changes in tension of the rope at the node caused by the opening and closing and displacement of rock cracks.

[0035] Furthermore, it also includes a remote communication module 18, which is connected to the data acquisition terminal 17 and used to send early warning information to the management platform 19. The data acquisition terminal 17 is installed in stable bedrock on the reservoir bank or in a dedicated equipment box, powered by a solar panel and a battery. The data sampling frequency needs to ensure the capture of dynamic collapse precursor signals, which is the basic function of the crack monitoring device. The crack propagation judgment algorithm is embedded in the edge calculation unit of the data terminal, which can analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the stress increment at the nodes in real time. When a continuous stress growth trend or multi-point synchronous change is detected, an early warning is automatically triggered. The core comprehensive early warning triggering formula of the crack propagation judgment algorithm is: Warning Trigger = (E i a i >a th (m consecutive windows) U(N) c (t)>N th ); Among them, a i : The slope of the linear regression of stress within the sliding window of the i-th node, a th Growth rate threshold (0.001~0.01 MPa / h for hard rock mass), m: number of consecutive windows (≥3), N c (t): T c The number of synchronous mutation nodes within the time window, N th Synchronization node threshold (30%~50% of total nodes); The remote communication module 18 supports 4G / 5G and at least two other wireless communication methods; The management platform 19 is actually a cloud-based monitoring and early warning platform with functions such as data visualization, historical trend query, early warning threshold configuration, and SMS push alarm.

[0036] Furthermore, the monitoring method of the mesh crack gauge monitoring device for monitoring reservoir rock mass collapse as described in any of the above claims includes the following steps: S1: First, the surface of the unstable rock mass is cleaned to remove loose rocks and vegetation. Based on the crack survey results, the boundary of the monitoring area is determined and the anchoring points are marked. Holes are drilled at the anchoring points with a depth of 1.5 to 3.0 m and a diameter matching the anchor rod diameter. After cleaning the holes, cement mortar is injected and the anchor rods are installed. After the mortar reaches the design strength, the ends of the transverse sensing rope 10 and the longitudinal sensing rope 11 at the edge of the mesh are connected to the prestressing tightening device 16 at the corresponding anchoring points. The mesh is tightened by adjusting the turnbuckles from the center of the monitoring area outwards. A force wrench is used to control the prestress value to ensure that the prestress in all directions is uniform and consistent, and the mesh is tightly attached to the surface of the rock mass. S2: The stress monitoring sensors 13 at each node reliably monitor the changes in rope tension caused by the opening, displacement, and deformation of rock mass fissures. The stress data is then transmitted to the field data acquisition terminal 17 in a timely and accurate manner. Specifically, after the system is powered on, the stress monitoring sensors 13 at each node continuously collect rope tension data at a set sampling frequency, and the data is aggregated to the data acquisition terminal 17 via wired or wireless means. The sensor nodes have a robust self-diagnostic function for disconnections. Therefore, when communication at a node is interrupted or a sensor fails, the terminal automatically identifies the problem and reports it to the management platform, allowing maintenance personnel to promptly repair it. S3: Data acquisition terminal 17 performs synchronous analysis of stress at multiple nodes, continuously performs trend analysis and abrupt change detection on the stress sequence of each node; when the stress increment of a single node exceeds the preset threshold continuously within a preset time, or when abnormal fluctuation characteristics occur, it is determined that the crack at that node is intensifying, an early warning signal is immediately triggered, and the monitoring and early warning level is determined according to the stress change amplitude. S4: The warning information, corresponding node location, and warning level are sent to the management platform 19 via the remote communication module 18. Upon receiving the warning information, the management platform 19 immediately highlights the warning area on the platform and determines the monitoring warning level into four levels: red, orange, yellow, and blue, based on the magnitude of the change. Then, it automatically proposes clear and targeted handling suggestions for different monitoring warning levels. After receiving the warning information, the management platform 19 immediately highlights the warning area on the platform and automatically sends SMS messages and push notifications to the disaster prevention personnel. S5: The curves corresponding to the stress monitoring sensors 13 at each node are transmitted to the management platform 19 via the remote communication module 18, forming multiple curves containing the same column of crack width variation. When the slope of the curve changes abnormally, deformation may intensify. The threshold values ​​corresponding to different monitoring and warning levels are as follows: If the weighted average of the crack deformation rate (mm / d) data of the same column of crack width variation curves at the same time is ≥10, it corresponds to a blue warning; if the weighted average of the crack deformation rate (mm / d) data at the same time is ≥15, it corresponds to a yellow warning; if the weighted average of the crack deformation rate (mm / d) data at the same time is ≥25, it corresponds to an orange warning; if the weighted average of the crack deformation rate (mm / d) data at the same time is ≥40, it corresponds to a red warning. Based on this, the stress change at each location of the monitored unstable rock mass can be obtained, and a warning can be triggered once the deformation rate exceeds the corresponding threshold.

[0037] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be arbitrarily combined without conflict. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mesh crack monitoring device for monitoring rockfall collapse in a reservoir area, characterized in that: The device includes a mesh crack monitoring meter, which consists of a mesh structure formed by multiple interlaced transverse sensing ropes (10) and longitudinal sensing ropes (11); at each node where the transverse sensing ropes (10) and longitudinal sensing ropes (11) intersect, there is a snap-fit ​​connector (12), and each snap-fit ​​connector (12) is embedded with a stress monitoring sensor (13); each stress monitoring sensor (13) is connected to a data acquisition terminal (17); the mesh edge of the mesh crack monitoring meter is connected to the surface of the unstable rock mass or a fixed pile through corrosion-resistant anchors (15) and prestressing tightening devices (16).

2. The mesh crackmeter monitoring device for dangerous rock body collapse in a reservoir area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The snap-fit ​​connector (12) is a snap-fit ​​structure that locks the transverse sensing rope (10) and the longitudinal sensing rope (11) at the node.

3. The mesh crack monitoring device for monitoring rockfall collapse in reservoir areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The snap-fit ​​connector (12) has a sensor mounting cavity (20) inside, and a silicone rubber sealing ring is provided on the outer periphery of the sensor mounting cavity (20).

4. The mesh crack monitoring device for monitoring rockfall collapse in reservoir areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse sensing rope (10) and the longitudinal sensing rope (11) are both made of a rope body composed of a twisted inner core of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and an outer wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sheath (14).

5. The mesh crack monitoring device for monitoring rockfall collapse in reservoir areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the transverse sensing rope (10) and the longitudinal sensing rope (11) is 8mm to 16mm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant sheath (14) is 1.5mm to 3mm.

6. The mesh crack monitoring device for monitoring rockfall collapse in reservoir areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corrosion-resistant anchor (15) is an expansion anchor or a self-drilling grouting anchor, and the prestress tightening device (16) is a bolt-type bidirectional tightener, and one end of the prestress tightening device (16) is fixedly connected to the end of the sensing rope at the edge of the mesh.

7. The mesh crack monitoring device for monitoring rockfall collapse in reservoir areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh width and mesh height formed by the interlacing of the transverse sensing rope (10) and the longitudinal sensing rope (11) are both 1.0m to 2.0m.

8. The mesh crack monitoring device for monitoring rockfall collapse in reservoir areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stress monitoring sensor (13) is a strain-type force sensor used to detect in real time the changes in tension of the rope at the node caused by the opening and closing and displacement of rock cracks.

9. The mesh crack monitoring device for monitoring rockfall collapse in reservoir areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a remote communication module (18), which is connected to the data acquisition terminal (17) and is used to send early warning information to the management platform (19).

10. The monitoring method of the mesh crack gauge monitoring device for monitoring the collapse of unstable rock masses in reservoir areas according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Clean the surface of the unstable rock mass, remove loose stones and vegetation, determine the boundary of the monitoring area and mark the anchoring points according to the crack survey results; drill holes at the anchoring points, clean the holes, inject cement mortar and install corrosion-resistant anchors (15); after the mortar reaches the design strength, connect the ends of the transverse sensing rope (10) and longitudinal sensing rope (11) at the edge of the mesh to the prestressing tightening device (16) of the corresponding anchoring point respectively; adjust the prestressing tightening device (16) from the center of the monitoring area to the periphery to make the mesh tightly adhere to the surface of the rock mass; S2: The stress monitoring sensors (13) at each node continuously collect rope tension data at a set sampling frequency and transmit the stress data to the data acquisition terminal (17); when a node communication is interrupted or the sensor fails, the data acquisition terminal (17) automatically identifies and reports the problem. S3: The data acquisition terminal (17) performs synchronous analysis of stress at multiple nodes, continuously performs trend analysis and abrupt change detection on the stress sequence of each node; when the stress increment of a single node exceeds the preset threshold continuously within a preset time, or when abnormal fluctuation characteristics occur, it is determined that the crack at that node is intensified, an early warning signal is immediately triggered, and the monitoring and early warning level is determined according to the stress change amplitude. S4: The warning information and the corresponding node location and warning level are sent to the management platform (19) through the remote communication module (18). After receiving the warning information, the management platform (19) immediately highlights the warning area on the platform and automatically sends SMS and push notifications to the disaster prevention personnel. S5: The curves corresponding to the stress monitoring sensors (13) at each node are transmitted to the management platform (19) via the remote communication module, forming multiple crack width change curves with the same column. When the crack deformation rate exceeds the corresponding threshold, an early warning is triggered, and the stress change at each location of the monitored dangerous rock mass is obtained based on this.

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