An air-drop test dummy, an air-drop mechanism, and an air-drop test method

Abstract

The application discloses airdrop test dummy, airdrop mechanism and airdrop test method, wherein the airdrop test dummy comprises a dummy base, a horizontal support plate and a multi-wheel constraint system; the multi-wheel constraint system comprises a walking wheel unit and a constraint wheel unit; the walking wheel unit comprises a first roller fixing frame and at least two columnar walking wheels; the constraint wheel unit comprises two parallel hanging plates, a second roller fixing frame and a convex rib wheel; one annular slope is used for rolling constraint cooperation with the lower surface of the wing plate of the I-shaped track; the other annular slope is used for rolling constraint cooperation with the side surface of the web of the I-shaped track; the walking wheel unit and the two constraint wheel units form a T-shaped cooperation gap matched with the I-shaped track. The airdrop test dummy solves the unsafe problem of manually lifting the airdrop test dummy in the prior art, and the airdrop test dummy moves smoothly on the I-shaped track and can be precisely and intervally put into the air under manual operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of airdrop and airborne technology, specifically to an airborne test dummy, an airborne mechanism, and an airborne test method. Background Technology

[0002] Airborne operations are a core operational method in military strategic projection, emergency rescue and disaster relief, and aviation sports. With the gradual deployment of large military transport aircraft, the three-door, four-lane simultaneous airborne deployment mode has become the mainstream method for modern large-scale airborne operations. This deployment mode utilizes the side doors and tail door of the fuselage to form four deployment channels, enabling personnel deployment in a very short time, shortening the time transport aircraft spends in high-risk airspace, reducing the landing dispersion range of paratroopers, and ensuring that troops can quickly assemble and form combat capabilities after landing, which is crucial for improving the level of airborne operations.

[0003] After the parachutes and airborne delivery devices have been designed and improved, they cannot be directly issued to the troops. Extensive airdrop tests are required to verify the safety and reliability of the products. The industry generally uses test dummies to conduct airdrop tests instead of real people.

[0004] In existing testing procedures, the weight of the dummies ranges from 60-120 kg. During the test, the dummies are first strapped and secured inside the cabin, and then manually thrown out of the cabin by staff upon reaching the drop zone. This method not only consumes the physical strength of the test personnel, but also suffers from poor controllability due to the difficulty in controlling the throw distance and exit angle. The dummies are also prone to hitting the door frame and cabin structure, posing safety hazards to both the test personnel and the transport aircraft. Furthermore, manual drop cannot consistently achieve the required 0.4-0.6 second time interval between exits, resulting in poor consistency in the release sequence and insufficient repeatability of test results. This makes it difficult to meet the verification standards for any one of the three doors and four routes, as well as for simultaneous release scenarios involving all three doors and four routes.

[0005] Currently, there is no standardized, time-sequential dummy deployment device suitable for three-door, four-path deployment scenarios within the industry. It is impossible to strictly adhere to a predetermined time interval of 0.4-0.6 seconds for orderly deployment of multiple dummy droplets, making it difficult to verify the safety of parachuting under conditions of multiple parallel exits. This fails to meet the experimental verification requirements for three-door, four-path combat scenarios. To address these practical problems, this application proposes a set of airdrop test dummies, airdrop mechanisms, and airdrop test methods. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides an airdrop test dummy, an airdrop mechanism, and an airdrop test method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An airborne test dummy includes a dummy base, a horizontal support plate fixed to the bottom of the dummy base, and a multi-wheel restraint system fixed to the bottom of the horizontal support plate. The multi-wheel restraint system includes a traveling wheel unit fixed to the middle of the bottom of the horizontal support plate and restraint wheel units respectively disposed on both sides of the traveling wheel unit. The traveling wheel unit includes a first roller fixing frame and at least two columnar traveling wheels distributed along the front-rear direction on the first roller fixing frame. The restraint wheel unit includes two parallel hanging plates fixed to the bottom of the horizontal support plate, a second roller fixing frame fixed to the hanging plates, and a convex wheel rotatably disposed in the second roller fixing frame. In the longitudinal direction, the convex wheel is located between the front and rear columnar traveling wheels. The convex wheel includes two symmetrical annular inclined surfaces with an included angle. One annular inclined surface is used for rolling restraint engagement with the lower surface of the I-shaped track wing plate, and the other annular inclined surface is used for rolling restraint engagement with the side of the I-shaped track web plate. The opening of the first roller fixing frame is downward, and the opening of the second roller fixing frame is obliquely upward. The traveling wheel unit and the two restraint wheel units form a T-shaped engagement gap that engages with the I-shaped track.

[0008] Preferably, the first roller fixing frame is a U-shaped plate with the opening facing downwards, and the first roller fixing frame is provided with three columnar traveling wheels.

[0009] Preferably, the dummy base includes a support body with a right-angled triangular cross-section, a connecting plate fixed to the bottom of the support body, and a base inclined plate fixed to the inclined surface of the support body. The horizontal support plate is fixed to the bottom of the connecting plate, and the base inclined plate extends obliquely upward from the support body and has fixing holes.

[0010] Preferably, the dummy base has a rear upright plate on its rear side, and a braking system for vertical reciprocating motion is fixed on the rear upright plate.

[0011] Preferably, the braking system includes a brake seat fixed to the rear upright plate, a handle hinged to the brake seat, a connector hinged to the handle at the upper end, a brake rod hinged to the lower end of the connector, a brake block fixed to the lower end of the brake rod, and a guide tube fixed to the brake seat and slidingly engaging with the brake rod. The bottom of the brake block has a rubber brake layer. After the handle is pulled down to the brake position, the lower hinge point of the connector is located directly below or inside the upper hinge point.

[0012] Preferably, the dummy torso is fixed to the inclined plate of the base in a forward-leaning position, and the dummy torso has at least two support rods for connecting the counterweight.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the dummy's torso is detachably connected to the torso cover plate via a bolt structure, the torso cover plate is fixedly connected to the dummy's head, the support rod passes through the cover plate, and the support rod has threads.

[0014] An airdrop mechanism for dummy airdrop simulation includes a track base, an I-shaped track fixed on the track base, and the airdrop test dummy movable on the I-shaped track; the I-shaped track includes a tail door airdrop track and / or a side door airdrop track, the side door airdrop track includes a long straight track extending longitudinally along the aircraft inside the cabin, a short straight track extending laterally along the aircraft at the side door, and a turning transition track connecting the long straight track and the short straight track, the turning transition track gradually decreasing in height from the long straight track to the short straight track, and the angle between the short straight track and the long straight track is less than 90°; the tail door airdrop track includes a tail door straight track extending longitudinally along the aircraft detachably fixed to the tail door, a cabin straight track detachably fixed to the cabin floor, and a spare straight track.

[0015] Preferably, the track base includes a bottom horizontal mounting plate, a vertical frame arranged in a cross shape fixed on the bottom horizontal mounting plate, and a top horizontal mounting plate fixed on the top of the vertical frame. The bottom horizontal mounting plate has multiple mounting holes, the vertical frame has multiple hinge holes, and the I-shaped track is fixed on the top horizontal mounting plate.

[0016] The airdrop test method using the aforementioned airdrop mechanism includes the following steps: S1. Arrange three doors and four tracks inside the aircraft, namely two tail door airdrop tracks and two side door airdrop tracks. The long straight tracks of the two side door airdrop tracks are located in the horizontal direction between the two cabin straight tracks inside the cabin. The tail door straight track and the spare straight track are arranged and fixed on the upper surface of the tail door. S2. The airdrop test dummies are installed on the long straight track and the cabin straight track. After each airdrop test dummy reaches the designated position, the dummy is secured by the fixing mechanism inside the cabin. By pulling down the handle, the rubber brake layer of the brake block is pressed against the upper surface of the corresponding I-shaped track wing plate, thus fixing the airdrop test dummy on the I-shaped track. The multi-wheel restraint system cooperates with the rolling restraint of the corresponding I-shaped track wing plate and the web plate of the I-shaped track. S3. When approaching or arriving at the designated airborne test airspace, open the tail door so that the upper surface of the tail door is flush with the bottom of the cabin. Release the tail door straight track from the tail door and push the tail door straight track towards the tail of the aircraft until the tail end of the tail door straight track is flush with or extends beyond the tail end of the tail door. Then, re-fix the tail door straight track to the tail door and fix the spare straight track between the tail door straight track and the cabin straight track to form a long, straight, continuous track. Release the restraints on the airborne test dummy, reverse the lever of the braking system to release the braking system from locking the airborne test dummy on the corresponding I-shaped track, and place at least one staff member next to each airborne test dummy. S4. Staff members push the airdrop test dummies along the corresponding I-shaped tracks according to instructions. Each airdrop test dummy is smoothly released from the aircraft one by one from the tail door and the side door according to the set interval time and distance, and the airdrop test dummies are deployed.

[0017] The airdrop test dummy of this invention can move out of the cabin on an I-shaped track during use. First, it solves the safety problem of manually carrying and dropping airdrop test dummies in existing technologies. Second, the multi-wheel restraint system achieves smooth movement of the airdrop test dummy along the I-shaped track under vertical, lateral, and pitch constraints by having at least two cylindrical traveling wheels roll into the top surface of the I-shaped track wing plate, and by having convex wheels on both sides of the I-shaped track roll into the lower surface of the wing plate and the side of the web plate at the inner corner of the I-shaped track. Compared with the existing rolling restraint mechanism where the upper pressure wheel and side guide wheel roll into the lower surface of the wing plate and the side of the web plate respectively, one convex wheel contacts two mutually perpendicular surfaces at a time, generating both lateral and vertical restraint forces. The existing side guide wheel and web plate are a flexible correction system, which must have a working clearance. Otherwise, rigid constraints can easily form, causing jamming. This clearance can also cause the load to swing left and right and roll when the load changes. Under a load of several tons, this can affect the flight safety of the aircraft. The convex wheel can contact the lower surface of the I-shaped track wing plate and the side of the web plate at the same time to form a double-sided rolling constraint, realizing both the clamping function and the lateral guiding function. The two convex wheels can form a double-sided envelope of left and right corner constraints at the inside corner of the I-shaped track, which is equivalent to establishing four constraint surfaces, significantly enhancing the ability to constrain roll, yaw and pitch. The geometric matching between the wheel flange and the track is a geometric constraint guide, and the clearance is transferred to the wheel-rail contact pair. The convex wheel and the I-shaped track can run with almost no side clearance, greatly enhancing stability. At the same time, the structure is greatly simplified by replacing the upper pressure wheel and the side guide wheel with a single convex wheel. The airdrop test dummy moves smoothly on the I-shaped track, enabling precise time interval deployment under manual operation during airdrop tests. It has good controllability, and the deployment distance and exit angle can be controlled. The airdrop test dummy is less likely to collide with the door frame or cabin structure, greatly improving the safety of test personnel and transport aircraft.

[0018] Furthermore, the first roller fixing frame is equipped with three columnar traveling wheels. This ensures that when the test dummy turns on the I-shaped track, even if the front and rear columnar traveling wheels partially detach from the upper surface of the I-shaped track, the middle columnar traveling wheel remains as an important support on the upper surface of the I-shaped track. This makes the test dummy more stable when turning on the I-shaped track. In addition, with three columnar traveling wheels, the vertical line of the test dummy's center of gravity is located on the middle columnar traveling wheel or between the front two columnar traveling wheels. The rear columnar traveling wheel can act as a tail support when the test dummy leaves the I-shaped track, preventing the test dummy from tilting backward and ensuring that the test dummy's posture after leaving the track meets the requirements.

[0019] Furthermore, the base ramp of the dummy's base allows the dummy's torso to be fixed to the base ramp in a forward-leaning position, mimicking the actual forward-leaning action of a parachute jump. The base ramp extends upwards as a support body, and the base ramp has fixing holes to further support and secure the parachute.

[0020] Furthermore, the dummy base has a rear upright plate on the rear side, on which a braking system for vertical reciprocating motion is fixed. Before the airdrop test, the braking system can lock the airdrop test dummy on the I-shaped track by friction, ensuring the dummy's positioning on the I-shaped track during takeoff, landing, and flight. During the airdrop test, the braking system is disengaged from the I-shaped track, allowing the dummy to move along the I-shaped track under human push.

[0021] Furthermore, the structure of the braking system makes operation relatively simple. After pressing the handle and pulling it down to the brake position, the lower hinge point of the connector is located directly below or inside the upper hinge point, locking the structure. To release the brake, simply pull the handle upward to release the brake lock.

[0022] Furthermore, the dummy's torso has at least two support rods for attaching counterweights, allowing for the addition or removal of counterweights to mimic parachutists of different weights.

[0023] Furthermore, the top of the dummy's torso is detachably connected to the torso cover plate via bolts, facilitating the installation of counterweights by opening the torso cover plate. The support rods are threaded, allowing adjustment of the counterweight's position by screwing nuts onto the support rods, thereby adjusting the center of gravity of the airdrop test dummy. Alternatively, nuts can be screwed onto the support rods of the torso cover plate to press and fix the torso cover plate to the top of the dummy's torso.

[0024] The drop mechanism for dummy drop simulation can be configured with a tail door drop track and / or a side door drop track as needed. When both the tail door and side door drop tracks are used simultaneously, a three-door, four-lane drop mode is formed. The track base is easy to fix to the aircraft floor, while the I-shaped track is raised to a certain height to solve the installation of the drop test dummy on the I-shaped track and interference with the door sill. The turning transition track gradually decreases in height from the long straight track to the short straight track, making it easier for the drop test dummy to move out of the door along the I-shaped track under inertia. The angle between the short straight track and the long straight track is less than 90°, which firstly avoids obstacles inside the aircraft. Secondly, the transport aircraft side door is an outward-opening door. After opening, the door is located on the nose side of the door opening. By forming a slightly backward angle between the short straight track and the door opening, the drop test dummy can exit the door opening at an angle to the rear, further avoiding interference between the drop test dummy and the door during the drop. The tail door drop track includes a detachable... The tailgate straight track, which extends longitudinally along the aircraft and is fixed to the tailgate, the cabin straight track, which is detachably fixed to the cabin floor, and the spare straight track, allow for a gap to be set between the tailgate straight track and the cabin straight track. At the same time, the rear end of the tailgate straight track is located inside the rear end of the tailgate. When the tailgate is opened and closed, this can prevent the tailgate straight track from interfering with the fuselage and cabin straight tracks. Before the tailgate is opened and the dummy is airdropped, the fixation of the tailgate straight track on the tailgate can be released and the tailgate straight track can be moved towards the rear of the tailgate until the rear end of the tailgate straight track is flush with or extends beyond the rear end of the tailgate. This meets the airdrop requirements of the dummy at the tailgate and ensures that the dummy can smoothly detach from the tailgate along the I-shaped track. At the same time, the gap between the tailgate straight track and the cabin straight track can be filled by disassembling and equipping the spare straight track.

[0025] The airdrop test method using the aforementioned airdrop mechanism can innovatively simulate a three-door, four-path airdrop test using an airdrop test dummy, ensuring that the airdrop test dummy meets the set requirements such as stability, controllable attitude, and time interval during deployment, thus providing a reliable verification method for whether the parachute and aircraft meet the design requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the frontal structure of the airborne test dummy of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure of the airborne test dummy of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the airborne test dummy of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of point A in the diagram; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the airborne test dummy of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the long straight track structure in an airborne mechanism. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the side door airdrop track structure in the airdrop mechanism; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the airdrop mechanism used for dummy airdrop simulation; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged structural diagram of section B in the diagram; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the track base on the tailgate and the straight track on the tailgate.

[0027] The components are: 1-Airborne test dummy; 2-Dummy head; 3-Tortoise cover plate; 4-Dummy arm; 5-Dummy torso; 6-Support body; 7-Connecting plate; 8-Horizontal support plate; 9-Dummy legs; 10-I-shaped track; 11-Track base; 12-Protruding wheel; 13-Bottom horizontal mounting plate; 14-Hanging plate; 15-First roller fixing frame; 16-Columnar traveling wheel; 17-Brake seat; 18-Baffle; 19-Rear upright plate; 20-Reinforcing plate; 21-Fixing hole; 22-Handle; 23-Brake block; 24-Second roller fixing frame; 25-Base inclined plate; 26-Rubber brake layer; 27-Hinged support seat; 28-Connector; 29-Guide tube; 30-Brake lever; 31-Inverted L-shaped fixing plate; 32-Support rod; 33-Long straight track; 34-Turn transition track; 35-Short straight track; 36-First connecting rod; 37-Nacelle straight track; 38-Second connecting rod; 39-Fixed component; 40-Hinged seat; 41-Tailgate straight track; 42-Fixing ring; 43-Spare straight track; 44-Strip cover plate; 45-Hinged hole; 46-Rectangular hole; 47-Overlap plate; 48-Limiting plate; 49-Positioning plate; 50-Top horizontal mounting plate; 51-Guide plate; 52-Gasket. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. Example 1

[0029] A type of airborne test dummy, such as Figure 1-10As shown, it includes a dummy base, a horizontal support plate 8 fixed to the bottom of the dummy base, and a multi-wheel restraint system fixed to the bottom of the horizontal support plate. The multi-wheel restraint system includes a walking wheel unit fixed to the middle of the bottom of the horizontal support plate and restraint wheel units respectively arranged on both sides of the walking wheel unit. The walking wheel unit includes a first roller fixing frame 15 and at least two columnar walking wheels 16 distributed along the front-back direction on the first roller fixing frame. In this embodiment, the first roller fixing frame is a U-shaped plate with the opening facing downward, and the number of columnar walking wheels arranged in the first roller fixing frame is three. The constraint wheel unit includes two parallel hanging plates 14 fixed to the bottom of a horizontal support plate, a second roller fixing frame 24 fixed to the hanging plates, and a convex wheel 12 rotatably disposed in the second roller fixing frame. In this embodiment, for a compact structure, the lower inner side of the hanging plate 14 has an inclined slot, and the second roller fixing frame 24 is welded and fixed in the slot. The opening of the second roller fixing frame is obliquely upward, and a rectangular hole is provided on the back of the second roller fixing frame 24. This allows a portion of the convex wheel 12 to protrude from the rectangular hole, so that the second roller fixing frame 24 does not need to be machined too deeply to meet the installation and fixing of the convex wheel 12, further reducing the volume of the second roller fixing frame 24. In the longitudinal direction, the convex wheel is located between the front and rear columnar traveling wheels. To prevent jamming during turning, this embodiment only provides one set of transversely symmetrical constraint wheel units, with one convex wheel 12 in each constraint wheel unit. The convex wheel 12 includes two symmetrical annular inclined surfaces with an included angle. One annular inclined surface is used for rolling constraint engagement with the lower surface of the I-shaped track wing plate, and the other annular inclined surface is used for rolling constraint engagement with the side of the web plate of the I-shaped track. The traveling wheel unit and the two constraint wheel units form a T-shaped engagement gap that engages with the I-shaped track 10.

[0030] The dummy base includes a support body 6 with a right-angled triangular cross-section, a connecting plate 7 fixed to the bottom of the support body, and a base inclined plate 25 fixed to the inclined surface of the support body. A horizontal support plate 8 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting plate 7. The base inclined plate extends obliquely upward from the support body and has fixing holes 21. In this embodiment, the connecting plate 7 and the horizontal support plate 8 are fixedly connected by bolts. In other embodiments, the connecting plate 7 and the horizontal support plate 8 can be replaced by a single sheet of material.

[0031] The dummy base has a rear upright plate 19 on its rear side. A braking system for vertical reciprocating motion is fixed on the rear upright plate. The braking system includes a brake seat 17 fixed on the rear upright plate, a handle 22 hinged to the brake seat, a connector 28 hinged to the handle at its upper end, a brake rod 30 hinged to the lower end of the connector, a brake block 23 fixed to the lower end of the brake rod, and a guide tube 29 fixed on the brake seat 17 and slidingly engaged with the brake rod. The bottom of the brake block has a rubber brake layer 26. In this embodiment, the connector 28 is an L-shaped bent plate or an arc plate. After the handle is pulled down to the brake position, the lower hinge point of the connector is located directly below or inside the upper hinge point. The brake seat 17 includes a reinforcing plate 20 welded to the rear upright plate 19 and a T-shaped hinge support seat 27 fixed to the reinforcing plate 20. The hinge support seat 27 has baffles 18 on both sides. The upper end of the handle 22 has two parallel hinge fixing plates. The hinge fixing plates are hinged to the hinge support seat 27 via a pivot.

[0032] In this embodiment, the airborne test dummy also includes a dummy torso 5, a dummy head 2, a dummy arm 4, and a dummy leg 9. The dummy torso is fixed to the base inclined plate 25 in a forward-leaning position, and the dummy torso has at least two support rods 32 for connecting the counterweight.

[0033] The top of the dummy's torso is detachably connected to the torso cover plate 3 via a bolted structure. Specifically, the bolted structure includes an inverted L-shaped fixing plate 31 welded to the inner surface of the dummy's torso and connecting bolts. The inverted L-shaped fixing plate 31 has threaded holes. The connecting bolts pass through the torso cover plate 3 and are screwed onto the inverted L-shaped fixing plate 31. The torso cover plate is welded and fixed to the dummy's head. The support rod passes through the cover plate and has threads. In other embodiments, a ring plate is welded and fixed to the top of the dummy's torso. The ring plate has threaded holes, and the connecting bolts pass through the torso cover plate 3 and are screwed onto the ring plate.

[0034] In this embodiment, the airdrop test dummy can move on an I-shaped track during use. Firstly, it solves the safety problem of manually carrying and dropping the dummy during airdrop tests in existing technologies. Secondly, the multi-wheel restraint system achieves smooth movement of the airdrop test dummy along the I-shaped track under vertical, lateral, and pitch constraints by having at least two cylindrical traveling wheels roll into the top surface of the I-shaped track's wing plate, and by having convex wheels on both sides of the I-shaped track roll into the lower surface of the wing plate and the side of the web plate at the inner corner of the I-shaped track, respectively. Compared to the existing rolling restraint mechanism where the upper pressure wheel and side guide wheel roll into the lower surface of the wing plate and the side of the web plate, each convex wheel makes contact only once. Two mutually perpendicular surfaces simultaneously generate lateral and vertical constraint forces. Moreover, the existing side guide wheel and web plate are a flexible correction system, which must have a working clearance; otherwise, rigid constraints can easily form, leading to jamming. This clearance can also cause the load to swing left and right and roll when the load changes, affecting the flight safety of the aircraft under a load of several tons. The convex wheel can simultaneously contact the lower surface of the I-shaped track wing plate and the side of the web plate to form a double-sided rolling constraint, achieving both clamping and lateral guidance functions. The two convex wheels can form a double-sided envelope of left and right corner constraints at the inside corner of the I-shaped track, which is equivalent to establishing four constraint surfaces, significantly enhancing the ability to constrain roll, sway, and pitch. The geometric matching of the wheel flange and the track is a geometric constraint guide. The gap is transferred to the wheel-rail contact pair. The convex wheel and the I-shaped track can run with almost no side clearance, which greatly enhances the stability. At the same time, the structure is greatly simplified by replacing the upper pressure wheel and the side guide wheel with a convex wheel. The airdrop test dummy moves smoothly on the I-shaped track, which enables the airdrop test dummy to be deployed at precise time intervals under manual operation during the airdrop test.

[0035] The first roller support frame is equipped with three columnar traveling wheels. This ensures that when the dummy turns on the I-shaped track, even if the front and rear rollers partially detach from the track surface, the middle roller remains a crucial support, making the dummy more stable during turns. Furthermore, the vertical line of the dummy's center of gravity lies either on the middle roller or between the front two. The rear roller acts as a tail support when the dummy leaves the track, preventing it from tilting backward and ensuring its exit posture meets requirements. The dummy's base has an inclined plate that holds the dummy's torso forward, mimicking the forward tilt of a parachute jump. The inclined plate extends upwards towards the support structure and has fixing holes for further support and secure the parachute. The dummy base has a rear upright plate, on which a braking system for vertical reciprocating motion is fixed. Before the parachute test, the braking system locks the dummy onto an I-shaped track using friction, ensuring its position on the track during takeoff, landing, and flight. During the test, the braking system disengages from the track, allowing the dummy to move along it manually. The braking system's structure simplifies operation; pressing the handle and pulling it down to the brake position locks the lower hinge point of the connector directly below or inside the upper hinge point. To release the brake, simply pull the handle upwards. The dummy's torso is fixed forward-leaning on the base's inclined plate. The torso contains at least two support rods for attaching counterweights, allowing for adjustments to the weights to simulate parachutists of different weights. The top of the dummy's torso is detachably connected to the torso cover plate via bolts, making it easy to open the torso cover plate to install counterweights. The support rods are threaded, and the position of the counterweights can be adjusted by screwing nuts onto the support rods, thereby adjusting the center of gravity of the airdrop test dummy. Alternatively, nuts can be screwed onto the support rods of the torso cover plate to press and fix the torso cover plate to the top of the dummy's torso. Example 2

[0036] Airborne mechanisms used for dummy airborne simulation, such as Figure 1-10The system includes a track base 11, an I-shaped track fixed to the track base, and a test dummy 1 movable on the I-shaped track. The I-shaped track includes a tailgate drop track and a side door drop track. In other embodiments, the I-shaped track can also be a separate tailgate drop track or a separate side door drop track. The side door drop track includes a long straight track 33 extending longitudinally along the aircraft inside the cabin, a short straight track 35 extending laterally along the aircraft at the side door, and a turning transition track 34 connecting the long straight track and the short straight track. The turning transition track gradually decreases in height from the long straight track to the short straight track, and the angle between the short straight track and the long straight track is less than 90°, i.e., ∠a < 90°. The tailgate drop track includes a tailgate straight track 41 detachably fixed to the tailgate and extending longitudinally along the aircraft, a cabin straight track 37 detachably fixed to the cabin floor, and a spare straight track 43. In this embodiment, the two side doors are called side doors, and the tail door is called the tailgate.

[0037] In the prior art, multiple rows of mounting hole assemblies are arranged laterally on the upper surface of the tail door of the aircraft and on the cabin floor. Each row of mounting hole assemblies includes multiple strip-shaped mounting hole units arranged longitudinally. Specifically, the strip-shaped mounting hole unit includes a strip-shaped mounting groove and a strip-shaped cover plate 44 fixed at the opening of the strip-shaped mounting groove. There is a gap between the strip-shaped cover plate and the bottom of the strip-shaped mounting groove. The strip-shaped cover plate has a candied hawthorn-shaped elongated hole. One side of the candied hawthorn-shaped elongated hole has a rectangular hole 46 communicating with the candied hawthorn-shaped elongated hole. The fastener 39 includes an insert plate and a stud fixed on the insert plate. The insert plate is inserted into the strip-shaped mounting groove through the rectangular hole 46 and can move in the strip-shaped mounting groove. The stud passes upward through the candied hawthorn-shaped elongated hole.

[0038] The track base includes a bottom horizontal mounting plate 13, a cross-shaped vertical frame fixed to the bottom horizontal mounting plate, and a top horizontal mounting plate fixed to the top of the vertical frame. The I-shaped track is fixed to the top horizontal mounting plate. Specifically, the bottom of both the tailgate and side door drop tracks is fixed with track mounting plates. The bottom horizontal mounting plate has multiple mounting holes through which studs can pass and be fixed with nuts. The top horizontal mounting plate and the track mounting plate have multiple bolt holes at corresponding positions. The top horizontal mounting plate and the track mounting plate are connected by bolts. The cross-shaped vertical frame has multiple hinge holes 45.

[0039] Because in the existing technology, the spacing between adjacent rows of mounting hole assemblies on the aircraft is greater than the width of the bottom horizontal mounting plate of the track base, the bottom horizontal mounting plate of each track base can only be detachably fixed with one strip-shaped mounting hole unit. In order to maintain the stability of each track, the first connecting rod 36 is arranged at intervals between the long straight tracks 33 of the two side door airdrop tracks. Both ends of the first connecting rod have U-shaped connectors. The U-shaped connectors and bolts are hinged and fixed to the inner side of the vertical frame of the track base below the corresponding long straight track 33. The outer side of the bottom horizontal mounting plate of the corresponding track base is detachably fixed to the corresponding strip-shaped mounting hole unit through the fastener 39, so that the side door airdrop track remains firm and stable on the aircraft.

[0040] Due to the large lateral spacing between the two tailgate drop rails, an alternative stabilizing structure is used, namely, a second connecting rod 38. Compared with the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod is only shorter in length, and the rest of the structure is the same. In the adjacent row of mounting hole assemblies on the inner side of the tailgate drop rail, hinge seats 40 are arranged at intervals. The hinge seats have at least two vertical through holes and are fixed by fasteners 39 that snap into the corresponding strip-shaped mounting hole units. One end of the second connecting rod is hinged and fixed to the vertical frame of the corresponding rail base, and the other end is hinged and fixed to the hinge seat. The outer side of the bottom horizontal mounting plate of the corresponding rail base is detachably fixed to the corresponding strip-shaped mounting hole unit by fasteners 39, so that the tailgate drop rail remains firm and stable on the aircraft.

[0041] In this embodiment, the airdrop mechanism for dummy airdrop simulation can form a tail door airdrop track and / or a side door airdrop track as needed. When the tail door airdrop track and the side door airdrop track are used simultaneously, a three-door, four-way airdrop mode is formed. The track base is easy to fix to the aircraft floor, and the I-shaped track is raised to a certain height to facilitate the installation of the airdrop test dummy on the I-shaped track and to solve the interference between the airdrop test dummy and the door threshold. The turning transition track gradually decreases in height from the long straight track to the extension direction of the short straight track, making it easier for the airdrop test dummy to move out of the door along the I-shaped track under inertia. The angle between the short straight track and the long straight track is less than 90°, which firstly avoids obstacles inside the aircraft. Secondly, the transport aircraft side door is an outward-opening door. After opening, the door is located on the nose side of the door opening. The short straight track forms a slightly backward angle with the door opening, and the airdrop test dummy exits the door opening at an angle to the rear, which can further avoid interference between the airdrop test dummy and the door during the airdrop process. The tail door airdrop track includes The system includes a detachable tailgate straight track extending longitudinally along the aircraft, a detachable cabin straight track fixed to the cabin floor, and a spare straight track. A gap can be created between the tailgate straight track and the cabin straight track. Simultaneously, the rear end of the tailgate straight track is located inside the rear end of the tailgate, preventing interference between the tailgate straight track and the aircraft body and cabin straight track when the tailgate is opened and closed. Before the tailgate is opened and a dummy is dropped, the tailgate straight track can be released from its fixation on the tailgate and moved towards the rear of the tailgate until its rear end is flush with or extends beyond the rear end of the tailgate. This meets the requirements for a dummy's descent at the tailgate, ensuring the dummy can smoothly detach from the tailgate along the I-shaped track. Furthermore, the gap between the tailgate straight track and the cabin straight track is filled by disassembling and equipping the spare straight track.

[0042] In other embodiments, unlike Embodiment 2, the upper surface of the track base on the tailgate has a groove design, specifically, as shown in... Figure 10As shown, two parallel guide plates 51 are welded to the top horizontal mounting plate 50. The two guide plates and the top horizontal mounting plate form a sliding groove that slides in the front-to-back direction with the bottom of the tailgate straight track 41. The bottom of the tailgate straight track 41 does not have a track mounting plate. The guide plates have two threaded holes. The bottom wing plate of the tailgate straight track 41 is pressed and fixed to the track base by bolts and washers 52 screwed into the threaded holes. The lower surface of the bottom wing plate of the tailgate straight track 41 is also provided with a limiting plate 48. When the limiting plate 48 contacts the track base behind it, the tail end of the tailgate straight track 41 is flush with or extends beyond the tail end of the tailgate. To ensure the limiting effect, positioning plates 49 are provided on both sides of the top horizontal mounting plate of the track base. The above structure makes it faster and smoother to move the tailgate straight track 41. Simply loosen the bolts and washers, push the tailgate straight track 41 to slide along the groove to the set position, and then tighten the bolts and washers to re-press and fix the tailgate straight track 41 to the track base. Example 3

[0043] The airdrop test method using the aforementioned airdrop mechanism, such as Figure 1-10 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. Arrange three doors and four tracks inside the aircraft, namely two tail door airdrop tracks and two side door airdrop tracks. The long straight tracks of the two side door airdrop tracks are located in the horizontal direction between the two cabin straight tracks inside the cabin. The tail door straight track and the spare straight track are arranged and fixed on the upper surface of the tail door. S2. The airdrop test dummies are installed on the long straight track and the cabin straight track. After each airdrop test dummy reaches the designated position, it is secured by a fixing mechanism inside the cabin. The fixing mechanism can be a hanging hole and / or fixing ring 42, etc. The securing mechanism is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. Pull the handle 22 down to press the rubber brake layer 26 of the brake block onto the upper surface of the corresponding I-shaped track wing plate, thereby fixing the airdrop test dummy on the I-shaped track. The multi-wheel restraint system cooperates with the rolling restraint of the corresponding I-shaped track wing plate and the I-shaped track web plate. S3. When approaching or arriving at the predetermined airborne test airspace, open the tailgate so that the upper surface of the tailgate is flush with the bottom surface of the cabin. Release the fixation of the tailgate straight track on the upper surface of the tailgate, that is, release the fixation of the track base on the upper surface of the tailgate. Push the tailgate straight track through the track base along the guide hole of the tailgate towards the tail of the aircraft. The guide hole is the strip-shaped mounting hole unit in Embodiment 2. Continue until the tail end of the tailgate straight track is flush with or extends beyond the tail end of the tailgate. Then, fix the tailgate straight track on the upper surface of the tailgate by fixing the track base. At the same time, fix the spare straight track between the tailgate straight track and the cabin straight track to form a long straight continuous track. In this embodiment, the tail end of the cabin straight track 37 has an overlap plate 47 for the overlap positioning and auxiliary fixation of the spare straight track. Release the restraints on the airborne test dummy, reverse the lever of the braking system to release the braking system from locking the airborne test dummy on the corresponding I-shaped track, and place at least one staff member next to each airborne test dummy. S4. Staff members push the airdrop test dummies along the corresponding I-shaped tracks according to instructions. Each airdrop test dummy is smoothly released from the aircraft one by one from the tail door and the side door according to the set interval time and distance, and the airdrop test dummies are deployed.

[0044] Unlike Embodiment 3, in step S3, releasing the tailgate straight track from the upper surface of the tailgate refers to releasing the tailgate straight track from the upper surface of the track base. Specifically, loosen the bolts and washers, push the tailgate straight track along the corresponding groove on the upper surface of the track base until the tail end of the tailgate straight track is flush with or extends beyond the tail end of the tailgate. Then tighten the bolts and washers to re-press and fix the tailgate straight track 41 onto the track base.

[0045] The airdrop test method using the aforementioned airdrop mechanism can innovatively simulate a three-door, four-path airdrop test using an airdrop test dummy, ensuring that the airdrop test dummy meets the set requirements such as stability, controllable attitude, and time interval during deployment, thus providing a reliable verification method for whether the parachute and aircraft meet the design requirements.

Claims

1. A test dummy for airborne experiments, characterized in that... The device includes a dummy base, a horizontal support plate fixed to the bottom of the dummy base, and a multi-wheel restraint system fixed to the bottom of the horizontal support plate. The multi-wheel restraint system includes a traveling wheel unit fixed to the middle of the bottom of the horizontal support plate and restraint wheel units respectively arranged on both sides of the traveling wheel unit. The traveling wheel unit includes a first roller fixing frame and at least two columnar traveling wheels distributed along the front-rear direction on the first roller fixing frame. The restraint wheel unit includes two parallel hanging plates fixed to the bottom of the horizontal support plate, a second roller fixing frame fixed to the hanging plates, and a convex wheel rotatably arranged in the second roller fixing frame. In the longitudinal direction, the convex wheel is located between the front and rear columnar traveling wheels. The convex wheel includes two symmetrical annular inclined surfaces with an included angle. One annular inclined surface is used for rolling restraint engagement with the lower surface of the I-shaped track wing plate, and the other annular inclined surface is used for rolling restraint engagement with the side of the I-shaped track web plate. The opening of the first roller fixing frame is downward, and the opening of the second roller fixing frame is obliquely upward. The traveling wheel unit and the two restraint wheel units form a T-shaped engagement gap that engages with the I-shaped track.

2. The airborne test dummy according to claim 1, characterized in that... The first roller fixing frame is a U-shaped plate with the opening facing downwards, and the first roller fixing frame is provided with three columnar traveling wheels.

3. The airborne test dummy according to claim 2, characterized in that... The dummy base includes a support body with a right-angled triangular cross-section, a connecting plate fixed to the bottom of the support body, and a base inclined plate fixed to the inclined surface of the support body. The horizontal support plate is fixed to the bottom of the connecting plate, and the base inclined plate extends obliquely upward from the support body and has fixing holes.

4. A parachute test dummy according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that... The dummy base has a rear upright plate on its rear side, and a braking system for vertical reciprocating motion is fixed on the rear upright plate.

5. The airborne test dummy according to claim 4, characterized in that... The braking system includes a brake seat fixed to the rear upright plate, a handle hinged to the brake seat, a connector hinged to the handle at the upper end, a brake rod hinged to the lower end of the connector, a brake block fixed to the lower end of the brake rod, and a guide tube fixed to the brake seat and slidingly engaging with the brake rod. The bottom of the brake block has a rubber brake layer. After the handle is pulled down to the brake position, the lower hinge point of the connector is located directly below or inside the upper hinge point.

6. The airborne test dummy according to claim 5, characterized in that... The dummy's torso is fixed to the inclined plate of the base in a forward-leaning position, and the dummy's torso has at least two support rods for connecting the counterweight.

7. The airborne test dummy according to claim 6, characterized in that... The top of the dummy's torso is detachably connected to the torso cover plate via bolts. The torso cover plate is fixedly connected to the dummy's head. The support rod passes through the cover plate and has threads.

8. An airdrop mechanism for dummy airdrop simulation, characterized in that... The system includes a track base, an I-shaped track fixed to the track base, and a drop test dummy as described in claim 7 that is movable on the I-shaped track. The I-shaped track includes a tailgate drop track and / or a side door drop track. The side door drop track includes a long straight track extending longitudinally along the aircraft inside the cabin, a short straight track extending laterally along the aircraft at the side door, and a turning transition track connecting the long straight track and the short straight track. The turning transition track gradually decreases in height from the long straight track to the short straight track, and the angle between the short straight track and the long straight track is less than 90°. The tailgate drop track includes a tailgate straight track extending longitudinally along the aircraft that is detachably fixed to the tailgate, a cabin straight track that is detachably fixed to the cabin floor, and a spare straight track.

9. The airdrop mechanism for dummy airdrop simulation according to claim 8, characterized in that... The track base includes a bottom horizontal mounting plate, a vertical frame arranged in a cross shape fixed on the bottom horizontal mounting plate, and a top horizontal mounting plate fixed on the top of the vertical frame. The bottom horizontal mounting plate has multiple mounting holes, the vertical frame has multiple hinge holes, and the I-shaped track is fixed on the top horizontal mounting plate.

10. A method for conducting airdrop tests using the airdrop mechanism for dummy airdrop simulation as described in claim 9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Arrange three doors and four tracks inside the aircraft, namely two tail door airdrop tracks and two side door airdrop tracks. The long straight tracks of the two side door airdrop tracks are located in the horizontal direction between the two cabin straight tracks inside the cabin. The tail door straight track and the spare straight track are arranged and fixed on the upper surface of the tail door. S2. The airdrop test dummies are installed on the long straight track and the cabin straight track. After each airdrop test dummy reaches the designated position, the dummy is secured by the fixing mechanism inside the cabin. By pulling down the handle, the rubber brake layer of the brake block is pressed against the upper surface of the corresponding I-shaped track wing plate, thus fixing the airdrop test dummy on the I-shaped track. The multi-wheel restraint system cooperates with the rolling restraint of the corresponding I-shaped track wing plate and the web plate of the I-shaped track. S3. When approaching or arriving at the designated airborne test airspace, open the tail door so that the upper surface of the tail door is flush with the bottom of the cabin. Release the tail door straight track from the tail door and push the tail door straight track towards the tail of the aircraft until the tail end of the tail door straight track is flush with or extends beyond the tail end of the tail door. Then, re-fix the tail door straight track to the tail door and fix the spare straight track between the tail door straight track and the cabin straight track to form a long, straight, continuous track. Release the restraints on the airborne test dummy, reverse the lever of the braking system to release the braking system from locking the airborne test dummy on the corresponding I-shaped track, and place at least one staff member next to each airborne test dummy. S4. Staff members push the airdrop test dummies along the corresponding I-shaped tracks according to instructions. Each airdrop test dummy is smoothly released from the aircraft one by one from the tail door and the side door according to the set interval time and distance, and the airdrop test dummies are deployed.

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