A national park ecological environment supervision system and method based on multi-source data

Abstract

The application discloses the technical field of national park ecological environment supervision, and relates to a national park ecological environment supervision system and method based on multi-source data, which comprises a data acquisition unit for acquiring national park ecological environment data and a supervision terminal wirelessly connected with the data acquisition unit; the supervision terminal comprises an analysis module, a calculation module and an evaluation grading module. The application collects national park ecological environment data through the data acquisition unit, determines evaluation content and evaluation indexes by using the analysis module, scores changes and conditions of each evaluation content through the calculation module, and obtains overall scores of changes and conditions of the entire national park ecological environment, so as to realize accurate grading evaluation, improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of evaluation results, more truly reflect the state and changes of the national park ecological environment, and realize effective supervision and evaluation of the national park ecological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological environment supervision in national parks, and specifically to a national park ecological environment supervision system and method based on multi-source data. Background Technology

[0002] National parks are specific land or marine areas established and managed by the state with clear boundaries. Their main purpose is to protect large-scale natural ecosystems that are representative of the country and to achieve the scientific protection and rational utilization of natural resources. In order to scientifically measure the effectiveness of protection, it is necessary to conduct supervision and assessment of their ecological environment. Traditional methods of supervising and assessing the ecological environment of national parks consider relatively simple factors, resulting in insufficient accuracy of assessment results and failing to accurately and comprehensively reflect the status and changes of the ecological environment of national parks. Secondly, the data relied upon for regulatory assessments are typically collected through remote sensing equipment and ground monitoring equipment deployed within parks. However, the long-term stable operation of ground monitoring equipment faces severe challenges. Ground monitoring equipment usually relies on battery power, and when the battery power is depleted, it often requires manual on-site visits for replacement and maintenance. This process not only consumes a lot of manpower and resources, but is also difficult to implement in severe weather or complex terrain, which can easily lead to monitoring interruptions or data loss. Therefore, we propose a national park ecological environment monitoring system and method based on multi-source data. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a national park ecological environment monitoring system and method based on multi-source data, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background art above.

[0004] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: A national park ecological environment monitoring system based on multi-source data includes a data acquisition unit for collecting national park ecological environment data, and a monitoring terminal wirelessly connected to the data acquisition unit. The monitoring terminal includes: an analysis module, which receives and analyzes ecological and environmental data, and confirms the assessment content and assessment indicators; The calculation module calculates the change score and status score of each assessment content based on the assessment indicators, then calculates the ecological environment change score of the national park based on the change score of each assessment content, and calculates the ecological environment status score of the national park based on the status score of each assessment. The assessment and grading module assesses and grades the ecological environment changes of national parks based on ecological environment change scores, and assesses and grades the ecological environment status of national parks based on ecological environment status scores.

[0005] A further improvement is that the assessment content includes: ecosystem authenticity, ecosystem integrity, ecological function, species diversity, water environment quality, major threats, and violations of laws and regulations; The assessment indicators for ecosystem authenticity include: ecosystem authenticity index, vegetation cover index, and natural shoreline retention rate; the assessment indicators for ecosystem integrity include: ecosystem integrity index and preservation level of natural relics; the assessment indicators for ecological function include: water conservation, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, coastal protection, and carbon sequestration; the assessment indicators for species diversity include: number of nationally protected wild animal and plant species, population size of key species, and proportion of suitable habitat area for key species; the assessment indicators for water environment quality include: water quality compliance rate; the assessment indicators for major threats include: resident population density in core protected areas, resident population density in general control areas, development disturbance index in core protected areas, development disturbance index in general control areas, degree of harm from invasive alien species, and area of ​​ecological degradation; and the assessment indicators for violations include: newly added violations and the rectification rate of violations.

[0006] A further improvement is that the data acquisition unit includes a remote sensing data acquisition module and a ground data acquisition module; The ground data acquisition module includes ground monitoring equipment and a power supply mechanism installed on the ground monitoring equipment. The power supply mechanism includes a battery. The charging and discharging interface of the battery is detachably and fixedly connected to one end of a connecting wire, and the other end of the connecting wire is connected to the ground monitoring equipment. The remote sensing data acquisition module includes a UAV body, a data acquisition device installed on the UAV body for collecting ecological and environmental data, and a replacement mechanism installed at the bottom of the UAV body for replacing the battery in the power supply mechanism.

[0007] A further improvement is that the power supply mechanism includes a power supply box, the top of which has an installation slot for accommodating the battery. One end of the connecting wire is fixed to the bottom of the installation slot. The power supply box has a positioning part for positioning the replacement mechanism so that the output end of the replacement mechanism corresponds to the installation slot. The opening of the installation slot has a sealing door that closes it. The sealing door also automatically opens the opening of the installation slot when the positioning part positions the replacement mechanism.

[0008] A further improvement is that the positioning part includes a top plate fixed to the top of the power supply box. A movable plate is hinged to one side of the top plate. A telescopic device three is movably connected to the side wall of the movable plate. The other end of the telescopic device three is movably connected to the power supply box. The telescopic device three is used to drive the movable plate to rotate to a horizontal or vertical position. A through-hole communicating with the mounting groove is provided on the top plate. Horizontal guide plates for guiding the replacement mechanism are symmetrically provided on both sides of the top of the top plate. Inclined guide plates for guiding the replacement mechanism are provided on both sides of the top of the movable plate and at positions corresponding to the horizontal guide plates. A sensor one is provided on the top of the top plate away from the movable plate. When the sensor one contacts the replacement mechanism, the output end of the replacement mechanism corresponds to the through-hole.

[0009] A further improvement is that the replacement structure includes a replacement box, with guide wheels rotatably mounted on both outer walls of the replacement box for rolling contact with the horizontal guide plate and the inclined guide plate. Universal wheels are mounted around the bottom of the replacement box. A replacement slot, communicating with a passage and capable of accommodating a battery, is opened at the bottom of the replacement slot. A lifting transfer section is provided at the bottom of the replacement slot for lifting the battery from the mounting slot into the replacement slot. Placement slots and recovery slots are located on both sides of the replacement slot inside the replacement box. Multiple sets of rollers are rotatably mounted on the bottom walls of both placement and recovery slots. The replacement box also includes a telescopic device for horizontally pushing the battery from the placement slot into the replacement slot.

[0010] A further improvement is that the lifting transfer unit includes a mounting plate embedded in the bottom of the replacement trough. The mounting plate is driven to rise and fall by a telescopic device two located on the replacement box. A diverter is located below the mounting plate. The diverter is connected to the negative pressure equipment through a pipeline. Several sets of suction cups for adsorbing batteries are located at the bottom of the diverter. A vent pipe with a solenoid valve is located at one end of the diverter. The diverter is slidably connected to a sliding groove on the mounting plate through a sliding seat. An elastic element is provided between the sliding seat and the sliding groove. A sensor two is located on the side of the bottom of the mounting plate facing the recycling trough. When the diverter moves to a preset position, the sensor two contacts the diverter, thereby controlling the negative pressure equipment to stop and the solenoid valve to open.

[0011] A further improvement is that the sealing part includes a sealing body for closing the mounting slot opening. The sealing body is movably disposed in an extension slot opened on the side wall of the mounting slot. The sealing body and the bottom of the extension slot are connected by a spring. Pull ropes are symmetrically connected to both ends of one side of the sealing body. The other end of each pull rope passes through a corresponding horizontal guide plate and is connected to a movable seat for contacting one side of the replacement box. The movable seat is slidably disposed in a guide groove opened at the top of the horizontal guide plate. The movable seat is connected to the inner wall of one side of the guide groove through a return spring. When the replacement box moves toward sensor one, the movable seat is pushed by the replacement box, and then the sealing body is pulled into the extension slot by the pull rope. When the replacement box contacts sensor one, the sealing body is in the extension slot.

[0012] A further improvement is that a positioning frame for contacting the battery is movably provided in the mounting slot. A ratchet rack is symmetrically provided at the bottom of the positioning frame. The bottom end of the ratchet rack extends into a guide groove opened at the bottom of the mounting slot and is connected to the bottom of the guide groove through an elastic reset member. A telescopic device four is embedded in the side wall of the guide groove. The output end of the telescopic device four is provided with an elastic rod. One end of the elastic rod is provided with a ratchet that cooperates with the ratchet rack to lock the positioning frame in one direction. When the box contact sensor one is replaced, the telescopic device four drives the elastic rod to drive the ratchet to disengage from the ratchet rack.

[0013] A method for ecological environment supervision of national parks based on multi-source data, utilizing the aforementioned supervision system, includes the following steps: S1: Collect ecological and environmental data of national parks through the data acquisition unit; S2: Receive and analyze ecological and environmental data through the analysis module to confirm the assessment content and assessment indicators; S3: The calculation module calculates the change score and status score of each assessment content based on the assessment indicators, then calculates the ecological environment change score of the national park based on the change score of each assessment content, and calculates the ecological environment status score of the national park based on the status score of each assessment. S4: The assessment and grading module assesses and grades the ecological environment changes of national parks based on ecological environment change scores, and assesses and grades the ecological environment status of national parks based on ecological environment status scores.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention collects ecological environment data of national parks through a data acquisition unit, uses an analysis module to determine the assessment content and indicators, and then uses a calculation module to score the changes and status of each assessment content, and obtains an overall score of the changes and status of the ecological environment of the entire national park. This achieves accurate hierarchical assessment, improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the assessment results, and can more realistically reflect the status and changes of the ecological environment of national parks, thus realizing effective supervision and assessment of the ecological environment of national parks. Secondly, this invention achieves automatic battery replacement for the ground monitoring equipment by using a replacement mechanism in the main body of the UAV in the remote sensing data acquisition module in conjunction with the power supply mechanism on the ground monitoring equipment. This eliminates the need for regular manual replacement, prevents data interruption caused by insufficient power supply to the ground monitoring equipment, ensures the long-term stable operation of the monitoring network, and thus improves the continuity and reliability of ecological environment supervision as a whole. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperative structure of the replacement mechanism and the power supply mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Another perspective structural diagram; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Structural sectional view; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting and transferring section of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of structure A in the image.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. UAV main body; 2. Data acquisition equipment; 3. Replacement mechanism; 31. Replacement box; 32. Replacement slot; 33. Telescopic device one; 34. Telescopic device two; 35. Negative pressure device; 36. Mounting plate; 37. Diverter; 38. Suction cup; 39. Sliding seat; 310. Roller; 4. Power supply mechanism; 41. Power supply box; 42. Mounting slot; 43. Battery; 44. Positioning frame; 45. Positioning part; 451. Top plate; 452. Horizontal guide plate; 453. Movable plate; 454. Inclined guide plate; 455. Through port; 456. Sensor one; 457. Telescopic device three; 46. Sealing part; 461. Sealing body; 462. Pull rope; 463. Moving seat; 47. Extension slot; 48. Ratchet; 49. Elastic rod; 410. Telescopic device four; 411. Elastic reset component; 5. Connecting wire component. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content. Example 1

[0018] Please see the appendix Figure 1 A national park ecological environment monitoring system based on multi-source data includes a data acquisition unit for collecting national park ecological environment data and a monitoring terminal wirelessly connected to the data acquisition unit. In this embodiment, the wireless connection can be achieved through 4G / 5G mobile networks, satellite communication, low-power wide area networks, or dedicated radio data transmission. The monitoring terminal includes: an analysis module that receives and analyzes ecological and environmental data, and confirms the assessment content and indicators; Specifically, the evaluation content and evaluation indicators are shown in the table below: ; ; ; ; The calculation module calculates the change score and status score of each assessment content based on the assessment indicators, then calculates the ecological environment change score of the national park based on the change score of each assessment content, and calculates the ecological environment status score of the national park based on the status score of each assessment. Optionally, in this embodiment, the scores for changes in each evaluation indicator can be calculated using the following method: Ecosystem authenticity change score: Ecosystem authenticity change score ( The maximum score of ) The score is 15 points, and the scoring criteria are shown in the table below: Calculate using the following formula: In the formula: The score is given for the authenticity of ecosystem changes; 'a' represents the number of indicators selected in the ecosystem authenticity assessment; and 'i' represents the index number of the assessment indicator. The score of the i-th indicator; The weight coefficient of the i-th indicator is determined by averaging the number of selected indicators, which is 1 / a.

[0019] The i-th indicator is in the range of 0 to... The scores between Calculate using the following formula: In the formula: Let be the score of the i-th indicator; To assess the rate of change of the i-th indicator within the evaluation period; The maximum score for the i-th indicator; For the i-th indicator in the range of 0 to Between points The maximum value; For the i-th indicator in the range of 0 to Between points The minimum value; The above Calculate using the following formula: In the formula: For the i-th indicator in The values ​​(from the previous period) For the i-th indicator in The value (in the later period).

[0020] Ecosystem Integrity Change Score: Ecosystem Integrity Change Score ( The maximum score of ) The score is 15 points, and the scoring criteria are shown in the table below: Calculate using the following formula: In the formula: The score is given for changes in ecosystem integrity; b is the number of indicators selected in the ecosystem integrity assessment; i is the index of the assessment indicator. The score of the i-th indicator is between 0 and... The scores between points (using the above) Formula calculation); The weight coefficient of the i-th indicator is determined by averaging the number of selected indicators, which is 1 / b. The ecosystem integrity index is calculated using the following formula: In the formula: This is an ecosystem integrity index; a higher value indicates a more complete natural ecosystem. 'n' represents the number of all natural ecosystem patches. denoted as the total area of ​​the national park, and j as the index of the natural ecosystem patch. Let be the area of ​​the j-th natural ecosystem patch; It also includes the following calculation formulas: ; ; In the formula: The natural ecosystem fragmentation index reflects the overall degree of fragmentation of natural ecosystems and ranges from 0 to 1. The area-weighted fractal dimension of the natural ecosystem is between 1 and 2. Let be the perimeter of the j-th natural ecosystem patch.

[0021] Ecological function change score: Ecological function change score ( The maximum score of ) A score of 10 is awarded based on the following criteria, as shown in the table below: Calculate using the following formula: In the formula: c represents the number of indicators selected in the ecological function assessment. As mentioned above, it will not be elaborated upon here.

[0022] Species diversity change score: Species diversity change score ( The maximum score The total score is 20 points, and the scoring criteria are shown in the table below: (It should be noted that: for the population size of key species, if there are multiple key species in a national park, the change in the population size of each species should be calculated, and the average score should be used as the final score for this indicator; for the suitable habitat area of ​​key species, if there are multiple key species in a national park, the change in the suitable habitat area of ​​each species should be calculated, and the average score should be used as the final score for this indicator.) Calculate using the following formula: In the formula, d represents the number of indicators selected in the species diversity assessment.

[0023] Water environment quality change score: Water environment quality change ( The maximum score is 10 points, and the scoring criteria are shown in the table below: Score of Changes in Major Threat Factors: Score of Changes in Major Threat Factors ( The maximum score The total score is 30 points, and the scoring criteria are shown in the table below: Calculate using the following formula: In the formula: e represents the number of indicators selected in the assessment of major threat factors.

[0024] Violations and irregularities, violations and irregularities ( The following items are deducted points, and the deduction criteria are shown in the table below: It should be noted that: newly discovered, handled, or rectified violations may result in a reduction of points deducted. Based on the above calculations of the change scores for each assessment item, the EC score for ecological environment change in the national park (out of 100 points) can be calculated as follows: .

[0025] The scoring of each evaluation indicator is conducted as follows: Based on the current status of the evaluation indicator and combined with expert experience, the score of each evaluation indicator is determined. The scoring basis and scores of some evaluation indicators are presented below for reference. Other evaluation indicators are determined according to the actual situation and will not be elaborated here. For example: Ecosystem authenticity (15 points): Ecosystem Authenticity Index: An ecosystem authenticity index of 95% or higher is worth 13-15 points; an ecosystem authenticity index between 90% and 95% (excluding 95%) is worth 9-12 points; an ecosystem authenticity index between 85% and 90% (excluding 90%) is worth 5-8 points; and an ecosystem authenticity index below 85% is worth 0-4 points. Vegetation Coverage Index: High vegetation coverage index, score 13-15; relatively high vegetation coverage index, score 9-12; average vegetation coverage index, score 5-8; low vegetation coverage index, score 0-4. Natural shoreline retention rate: 80% or above, score 13-15 points; 70%-80% (excluding 80%), score 9-12 points; 60%-70% (excluding 70%), score 5-8 points; less than 60%, score 0-4 points. Based on the above calculations of the status scores for each assessment item, the EC score for the ecological environment status of the national park (out of 100 points) can be calculated as follows: In the formula: EC represents the ecological environment status score, m represents the number of assessment indicators; the score of the i-th indicator is... The score of the i-th indicator; The weight coefficient of the i-th indicator.

[0026] The assessment and grading module assesses and grades the ecological and environmental changes of national parks based on ecological and environmental change scores, and assesses and grades the ecological and environmental status of national parks based on ecological and environmental status scores. Specifically: The assessment levels for ecological environment changes in national parks can be referenced in the table below: The ecological environment status assessment level of national parks can be referred to in the table below: The ecological environment of national parks is further assessed based on the above-mentioned assessment levels of ecological environment change and ecological environment status, and is divided into four levels: excellent, good, medium and poor. These will not be elaborated further here.

[0027] It should be noted that the monitoring terminal also includes a controller to enable remote control of the data acquisition unit.

[0028] A method for ecological environment supervision of national parks based on multi-source data, utilizing the aforementioned supervision system, includes the following steps: S1: Collect ecological and environmental data of national parks through the data acquisition unit; S2: The analysis module receives ecological and environmental data and compares it with the assessment indicator data in the pre-built database to confirm the assessment content and assessment indicators; S3: The calculation module calculates the change score and status score of each assessment content based on the assessment indicators, then calculates the ecological environment change score of the national park based on the change score of each assessment content, and calculates the ecological environment status score of the national park based on the status score of each assessment. S4: The assessment and grading module assesses and grades the ecological environment changes of national parks based on ecological environment change scores, and assesses and grades the ecological environment status of national parks based on ecological environment status scores. Example 2

[0029] Please see the appendix Figure 2-4 Based on Example 1, the data acquisition unit of this example includes a remote sensing data acquisition module and a ground data acquisition module; The ground data acquisition module includes ground monitoring equipment (such as meteorological stations, red soil monitoring stations, water quality monitoring stations, etc.) and a power supply mechanism 4 installed on the ground monitoring equipment. The power supply mechanism 4 includes a storage battery 43. The charging and discharging interface of the storage battery 43 of the power supply mechanism 4 is detachably and fixedly connected to one end of the connecting wire 5, such as by using a quick connector or other means. The other end of the connecting wire 5 is connected to the ground monitoring equipment in order to supply power to the electrical components in the ground monitoring equipment. The remote sensing data acquisition module includes a UAV body 1, data acquisition equipment 2 mounted on the UAV body 1 for collecting ecological and environmental data (such as a high-definition camera for acquiring visible light images, a multispectral camera for analyzing vegetation conditions, a thermal infrared imager for monitoring surface temperature, a lidar for acquiring three-dimensional terrain information, and a hyperspectral imager for identifying the chemical composition of ground features), and a replacement mechanism 3 located at the bottom of the UAV body 1 for replacing the battery 43 inside the power supply mechanism 4. The remote sensing data acquisition module can not only collect remote sensing data but also replace the battery 43 of the ground data acquisition module at the same time, solving the power supply problem of existing ground monitoring equipment. It eliminates the need for manual visits to each ground monitoring equipment location to replace the battery 43, ensuring the stability of the ground data acquisition module.

[0030] Please see the appendix Figure 2-4A further improvement is that the power supply mechanism 4 includes a power supply box 41. In this embodiment, the power supply box 41 can be fixedly installed on the ground monitoring equipment using a bolt-type structure. The top of the power supply box 41 has an installation slot 42 for accommodating the battery 43. One end of the connecting wire 5 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the installation slot 42. The power supply box 41 is provided with a positioning part 45, which is used to position the replacement mechanism 3 so that the output end of the replacement mechanism 3 corresponds to the slot opening of the installation slot 42, thereby smoothly removing the old battery 43 and installing the new battery 43, realizing docking with one end of the connecting wire 5. The slot opening of the installation slot 42 is provided with a sealing door 46 to close it. The sealing door 46 closes the slot opening under normal conditions to protect the internal battery 43. The sealing door 46 also automatically opens the slot opening of the installation slot 42 when the positioning part 45 positions the replacement mechanism 3, so as to carry out the replacement operation.

[0031] Please see the appendix Figure 2-5A further improvement is that the positioning part 45 includes a top plate 451 fixed to the top of the power supply box 41. A movable plate 453 is hinged to one side of the top plate 451. A telescopic device 457 (such as an electric telescopic rod) is movably connected to the side wall of the movable plate 453. The other end of the telescopic device 457 is movably connected to the power supply box 41. Specifically, one end of the telescopic device 457 is connected to the rotating shaft of the power supply box 41, and the other end is connected to a slider. The slider is slidably connected to a slide rail provided on the side wall of the movable plate 453. The telescopic device 457 is used to drive the movable plate 451. 53 rotates to a horizontal or vertical position. Optionally, when the battery 43 in each ground data acquisition module is below a preset threshold, the telescopic device 3 457 can be remotely controlled to drive the movable plate 453 to rotate to a horizontal position, providing a platform for the guided landing of the UAV body 1 and subsequent operations. A through-hole 455 communicating with the mounting slot 42 is provided on the top plate 451. Horizontal guide plates 452 for guiding the replacement mechanism 3 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the top of the top plate 451. The horizontal guide plates 452 are located outside the through-hole 455. The top of the movable plate 453... Both sides, corresponding to the horizontal guide plate 452, are equipped with inclined guide plates 454 to guide the replacement mechanism 3. The two inclined guide plates 454 are V-shaped. During the replacement operation, the UAV body 1 first carries the replacement mechanism 3 and lands on the movable plate 453, and is located between the two inclined guide plates 454. Then the UAV body 1 moves horizontally, and the inclined guide plates 454 will guide and correct the replacement mechanism 3, so that it gradually calibrates and finally enters between the two horizontal guide plates 452. The top plate 451 is equipped with a sensor 456 (such as a pressure sensor or contact sensor) on the side away from the movable plate 453. When the sensor 456 contacts the replacement mechanism 3, it sends a signal to the controller. The controller reminds the user (for example, the control and monitoring terminal also has an alarm module). The user can remotely control the UAV body 1 to stop. At this time, the output end of the replacement mechanism 3 corresponds to the port 455, and then the replacement mechanism 3 can be started to perform the removal and replacement operation of the battery 43. This method ensures that the remote sensing data acquisition module can accurately and stably replace the battery 43 of the ground data acquisition module.

[0032] Please see the appendix Figure 3-6A further improvement is that the replacement structure includes a replacement box 31 mounted on the bottom of the UAV body 1 by bolts or similar fasteners. The outer walls of both sides of the replacement box 31 are rotatably equipped with guide wheels for rolling contact with the horizontal guide plate 452 and the inclined guide plate 454. Universal wheels are provided around the bottom of the replacement box 31 to ensure flexible and stable movement on the movable plate 453 and the top plate 451. The bottom of the replacement box 31 has a replacement slot 32 for communicating with the opening 455 and accommodating a battery 43. The bottom of the replacement slot 32 has a lifting transfer section for lifting the battery 43 from the mounting slot 42 into the replacement slot 32. When the replacement box 31 contacts the sensor 456, the replacement slot 32 corresponds to and communicates with the opening 455, at which point the battery 43 in the mounting slot 42 can be removed through the lifting transfer section. The battery 43 is lifted into the replacement slot 32. The replacement box 31 is provided with a placement slot and a recycling slot on both sides of the replacement slot 32. The placement slot is used to store a fully charged new battery 43, and the recycling slot is used to store the old battery 43. Optionally, in this embodiment, a box door (not shown in the figure) is provided on the side wall of the replacement box 31 at the position corresponding to the placement slot and the recycling slot, so as to facilitate manual replenishment and emptying. The bottom wall of the placement slot and the recycling slot is provided with multiple sets of freely rotatable rollers 310, so that the battery 43 can be easily pushed horizontally in the slot. The replacement box 31 is also provided with a telescopic device 33 for pushing the battery 43 in the placement slot horizontally into the replacement slot 32. Optionally, the telescopic device 33 in this embodiment is, for example, an electric push rod or a linear motor, and its output end is connected to a push plate. When the main body of the UAV 1 carrying the replacement box 31 comes into contact with the sensor 456, the lifting and transferring unit lifts the old battery 43 in the installation slot 42 into the replacement slot 32. Then, the telescopic device 33 is activated, pushing the new battery 43 in the placement slot into the replacement slot 32. At the same time, the old battery 43 in the replacement slot 32 is pushed into the opposite recycling slot. Finally, the lifting and transferring unit reverses its action, pressing down the new battery 43 in the replacement slot 32 and installing it back into the installation slot 42 to connect with the connecting wire 5. This improves the efficiency and reliability of the battery replacement task, avoids the danger and high cost of manual field replacement, and ensures the continuity and stability of the power supply to the ground data acquisition module.

[0033] Please see the appendix Figure 4 or Figure 6A further improvement is that the lifting transfer unit includes a mounting plate 36 embedded in the bottom of the replacement slot 32. The mounting plate 36 is driven to rise and fall by a telescopic device 34 (such as an electric push rod) on the replacement box 31. A distributor 37 is provided below the mounting plate 36. The distributor 37 is connected to a negative pressure device 35 (such as a miniature vacuum pump) through a pipeline. The bottom of the distributor 37 is provided with several sets of suction cups 38 for adsorbing the top surface of the battery 43. One end of the distributor 37 is provided with a vent pipe with a solenoid valve (not shown in the figure). The distributor 37 is connected to the negative pressure device 35 (such as a miniature vacuum pump) through a sliding valve. The movable seat 39 (such as a T-shaped sliding seat) is slidably connected to the slide groove (such as a T-shaped slide groove) on the mounting plate 36. An elastic element (such as a spring) is provided between the sliding seat 39 and the slide groove. A sensor 2 (such as a contact sensor or a pressure sensor) is provided on the bottom side of the mounting plate 36 facing the recycling trough. When the diverter 37 moves to the preset position (specifically, to the bottom end of the mounting plate 36 facing the recycling trough), the sensor 2 contacts the diverter 37 and sends a signal to the controller. The controller then controls the negative pressure device 35 to stop and the solenoid valve to open. When the old battery 43 needs to be removed, the telescopic device 2 34 drives the mounting plate 36 to descend, causing the suction cup 38 to contact the surface of the old battery 43. The negative pressure device 35 is activated, causing the suction cup 38 to adsorb the old battery 43. Subsequently, the mounting plate 36 rises, bringing the old battery 43 into the replacement slot 32. Then, the telescopic device 1 33 pushes the new battery 43 placed in the slot into the replacement slot 32. Next, the telescopic device 1 33 pushes the new battery 43 into the replacement slot 32. During the movement, the new battery 43 pushes the old battery 43 in the replacement slot 32 into the recycling slot. During this process, the old battery 43 pushes the shunt 37, causing its sliding seat 39 to move within the chute. When the shunt 37 contacts the sensor 2, the negative pressure device 35 stops working and opens the solenoid valve to break the vacuum. The suction cup 38 releases the old battery 43, and the elastic element drives the shunt 37 and suction cup 38 to return to their initial positions. At this time, the negative pressure device 35 is activated again, causing the suction cup 38 to adhere to the new battery 43 located in the replacement slot 32. The telescopic device 2 34 drives the mounting plate 36 to press down, installing the new battery 43 back into the mounting slot 42 and connecting it to the connecting wire 5. In addition, when there is a battery 43 in the recycling slot and the placement slot, the mounting plate 36 can be moved down to the middle position of the replacement slot 32 by the telescopic device 2 34, thereby restricting the movement of the battery 43 in the slot during the flight of the UAV body 1 and effectively preventing it from falling out accidentally. This method ensures the smoothness and reliability of the automated replacement process and ensures the stable execution of the power supply link of the ground monitoring equipment.

[0034] Please see the appendix Figures 4-5A further improvement is that the sealing part 46 includes a sealing body 461 for closing the opening of the mounting groove 42. The sealing body 461 is movably disposed within an extension slot 47 opened in the side wall of the mounting groove 42. The sealing body 461 and the bottom of the extension slot 47 are connected by a spring, so that the sealing body 461 maintains the state of closing the slot in its natural state. Pull ropes 462 are symmetrically connected to both ends of one side of the sealing body 461. The other end of each pull rope 462 passes through the corresponding horizontal guide plate 452 and is connected to a movable seat 463 for contacting one side of the replacement box 31. Both the horizontal guide plate 452 and the top plate 451 have through holes for guiding the pull rope 462. The movable seat 463 is slidably disposed in the guide groove opened at the top of the horizontal guide plate 452. The movable seat 463 is connected to the inner wall of one side of the guide groove by a return spring. When the replacement box 31 moves toward the sensor 456, the movable seat 463 is pushed by the replacement box 31, and then the door sealing body 461 is pulled into the extension slot 47 by the pull rope 462. When the replacement box 31 contacts the sensor 456, the door sealing body 461 is in the extension slot 47. When the replacement box 31 moves horizontally towards the sensor 456, it pushes the movable seat 463 to slide along the guide groove. The movable seat 463 pulls the sealing body 461 into the extension slot 47 through the pull rope 462, thereby opening the slot of the mounting slot 42. When the replacement box 31 contacts the sensor 456, the sealing body 461 is completely housed in the extension slot 47, making the slot fully open for the battery 43 replacement operation. After the replacement operation is completed, the replacement box 31 is moved away, the movable seat 463 returns to its original position under the action of the return spring, and the sealing body 461 also resets under the action of its own spring to re-close the slot. This method uses the movement of the replacement box 31 itself to realize the opening and closing of the sealing body 461, preventing foreign objects from entering the mounting slot 42 and corroding the battery 43, ensuring the smoothness of the battery 43 replacement process and the long-term durability of the equipment.

[0035] Please see the appendix Figures 4-7A further improvement is that a positioning frame 44 for contacting the battery 43 is movably provided within the mounting slot 42. A ratchet rack 48 is symmetrically provided at the bottom of the positioning frame 44, with ratchet teeth on the rack. The vertical cross-section of the ratchet rack 48 is T-shaped. The bottom end of the ratchet rack 48 extends into a T-shaped guide groove at the bottom of the mounting slot 42 and is connected to the bottom of the guide groove via an elastic reset element 411 (such as a spring). A telescopic device 410 (such as a miniature electric telescopic rod) is embedded in the side wall of the guide groove. An elastic rod 49 (such as a spring) is provided at the output end of the telescopic device 410. The telescopic rod 49 has a ratchet at one end that engages with the ratchet rack 48 to lock the positioning frame 44 in one direction. The ratchet engages with the ratchet teeth, allowing the positioning frame 44 to move downwards with the battery 43, but preventing it from moving upwards. When the replacement box 31 contacts the sensor 456, the telescopic device 410 drives the elastic rod 49 to disengage the ratchet from the ratchet rack 48. That is, when the sensor 456 contacts the replacement box 31, it sends a signal to the controller. The controller controls the telescopic device 410 to drive the elastic rod 49 so that the ratchet disengages from the ratchet rack 48. When the telescopic device 410 drives the elastic rod 49 to disengage the ratchet from the ratchet rack 48, the ratchet rack 48, under the action of the elastic reset member 411, drives the positioning frame 44 to lift the battery 43 upward, thereby separating the battery 43 from the connecting wire 5. After the positioning frame 44 resets upward, the telescopic device 410 drives the elastic rod 49 to reset the ratchet (a timer module can be set in the controller; after a preset time, the controller controls the telescopic device 410 to reset), restoring the one-way locking function and preparing for the subsequent lifting and transferring of the new battery 43. When the new battery is pressed down, it will push the positioning frame 44 downward, and the engagement of the ratchet and the ratchet rack 48 will achieve a stable lock after installation. This method effectively improves the smoothness and safety of the replacement operation and also ensures the connection stability of the battery 43 and the connecting wire 5.

[0036] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A national park ecological environment supervision system based on multi-source data, characterized in that, This includes a data acquisition unit for collecting ecological and environmental data from national parks, and a monitoring terminal that is wirelessly connected to the data acquisition unit; The monitoring terminal includes: an analysis module, which receives and analyzes ecological and environmental data, and confirms the assessment content and assessment indicators; The calculation module calculates the change score and status score of each assessment content based on the assessment indicators, then calculates the ecological environment change score of the national park based on the change score of each assessment content, and calculates the ecological environment status score of the national park based on the status score of each assessment. The assessment and grading module assesses and grades the ecological environment changes of national parks based on ecological environment change scores, and assesses and grades the ecological environment status of national parks based on ecological environment status scores.

2. The monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The assessment includes: ecosystem authenticity, ecosystem integrity, ecological function, species diversity, water quality, major threats, and violations of laws and regulations; The assessment indicators for ecosystem authenticity include: ecosystem authenticity index, vegetation cover index, and natural shoreline retention rate; the assessment indicators for ecosystem integrity include: ecosystem integrity index and preservation level of natural relics; the assessment indicators for ecological function include: water conservation, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, coastal protection, and carbon sequestration; the assessment indicators for species diversity include: number of nationally protected wild animal and plant species, population size of key species, and proportion of suitable habitat area for key species; the assessment indicators for water environment quality include: water quality compliance rate; the assessment indicators for major threats include: resident population density in core protected areas, resident population density in general control areas, development disturbance index in core protected areas, development disturbance index in general control areas, degree of harm from invasive alien species, and area of ​​ecological degradation; and the assessment indicators for violations include: newly added violations and the rectification rate of violations.

3. The monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The data acquisition unit includes a remote sensing data acquisition module and a ground data acquisition module; The ground data acquisition module includes a ground monitoring device and a power supply mechanism (4) installed on the ground monitoring device. The power supply mechanism (4) includes a battery (43). The charging and discharging interface of the battery (43) is detachably and fixedly connected to one end of a connecting wire (5). The other end of the connecting wire (5) is connected to the ground monitoring device. The remote sensing data acquisition module includes a UAV body (1), a data acquisition device (2) installed on the UAV body (1) for collecting ecological and environmental data, and a replacement mechanism (3) installed at the bottom of the UAV body (1) for replacing the battery (43) inside the power supply mechanism (4).

4. The monitoring system of claim 3, wherein, The power supply mechanism (4) includes a power supply box (41). The top of the power supply box (41) is provided with an installation slot (42) for accommodating the battery (43). One end of the connecting wire (5) is fixed to the bottom of the installation slot (42). The power supply box (41) is provided with a positioning part (45). The positioning part (45) is used to position the replacement mechanism (3) so that the output end of the replacement mechanism (3) corresponds to the installation slot (42). The slot opening of the installation slot (42) is provided with a sealing door (46) to close it. The sealing door (46) also automatically opens the slot opening of the installation slot (42) when the positioning part (45) positions the replacement mechanism (3).

5. The monitoring system of claim 4, wherein, The positioning part (45) includes a top plate (451) fixed to the top of the power supply box (41). A movable plate (453) is hinged to one side of the top plate (451). A telescopic device (457) is movably connected to the side wall of the movable plate (453). The other end of the telescopic device (457) is movably connected to the power supply box (41). The telescopic device (457) is used to drive the movable plate (453) to rotate to a horizontal or vertical position. A through opening (455) communicating with the mounting groove (42) is provided on the top plate (451). The top plate (451) has horizontal guide plates (452) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top to guide the replacement mechanism (3). The movable plate (453) has inclined guide plates (454) on both sides of the top and corresponding to the horizontal guide plates (452) to guide the replacement mechanism (3). The top of the top plate (451) is provided with a sensor (456) on the side away from the movable plate (453). When the sensor (456) contacts the replacement mechanism (3), the output end of the replacement mechanism (3) corresponds to the port (455).

6. The monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The replacement structure includes a replacement box (31). The outer walls of both sides of the replacement box (31) are rotatably provided with guide wheels for rolling contact with the horizontal guide plate (452) and the inclined guide plate (454). The bottom of the replacement box (31) is provided with casters. The bottom of the replacement box (31) is provided with a replacement slot (32) for communicating with the through-hole (455) and for accommodating a battery (43). The bottom of the replacement slot (32) is provided with a lifting transfer part for lifting the battery (43) in the mounting slot (42) into the replacement slot (32). The replacement box (31) is provided with a placement slot and a recycling slot on both sides of the replacement slot (32). The bottom walls of the placement slot and the recycling slot are provided with multiple sets of rollers (310). The replacement box (31) is also provided with a telescopic device (33) for horizontally pushing the battery (43) in the placement slot into the replacement slot (32).

7. The monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lifting transfer unit includes a mounting plate (36) embedded in the bottom of the replacement trough (32). The mounting plate (36) is driven to lift by a telescopic device (34) on the replacement box (31). A diverter (37) is provided below the mounting plate (36). The diverter (37) is connected to the negative pressure device (35) through a pipeline. The bottom of the diverter (37) is provided with several sets of suction cups (38) for adsorbing the storage battery (43). One end of the diverter (37) is provided with a vent pipe with a solenoid valve. The diverter (37) is slidably connected to the sliding groove on the mounting plate (36) through a sliding seat (39). An elastic element is provided between the sliding seat (39) and the sliding groove. A sensor is provided on the side of the bottom of the mounting plate (36) facing the recycling trough. When the diverter (37) moves to a preset position, the sensor contacts the diverter (37), thereby controlling the negative pressure device (35) to stop and the solenoid valve to open.

8. The monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sealing part (46) includes a sealing body (461) for sealing the opening of the mounting groove (42). The sealing body (461) is movably disposed in an extension slot (47) opened on the side wall of the mounting groove (42). The sealing body (461) and the bottom of the extension slot (47) are connected by a spring. Pull ropes (462) are symmetrically connected to both ends of one side of the sealing body (461). The other end of each pull rope (462) passes through the corresponding horizontal guide plate (452) and is connected to a movable seat (463) for contacting one side of the replacement box (31). The movable seat (463) is slidably disposed in the guide groove opened at the top of the horizontal guide plate (452). The movable seat (463) is connected to the inner wall of one side of the guide groove through a reset spring. When the replacement box (31) moves toward the sensor (456), the movable seat (463) is pushed by the replacement box (31), and then the sealing body (461) is pulled into the extension slot (47) by the pull rope (462). When the replacement box (31) contacts the sensor (456), the sealing body (461) is in the extension slot (47).

9. The monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mounting slot (42) is movably provided with a positioning frame (44) for contacting the battery (43). The bottom of the positioning frame (44) is symmetrically provided with ratchet racks (48). The bottom end of the ratchet rack (48) extends into the guide groove opened at the bottom of the mounting slot (42) and is connected to the bottom of the guide groove through an elastic reset member (411). The side wall of the guide groove is embedded with a telescopic device four (410). The output end of the telescopic device four (410) is provided with an elastic rod (49). One end of the elastic rod (49) is provided with ratchet teeth that cooperate with the ratchet rack (48) to lock the positioning frame (44) in one direction. When the telescopic device four (410) replaces the contact sensor one (456) of the box (31), it drives the elastic rod (49) to drive the ratchet teeth to disengage from the ratchet rack (48).

10. A method for ecological environment supervision of national parks based on multi-source data, utilizing the supervision system as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Collect ecological and environmental data of national parks through the data acquisition unit; S2: Receive and analyze ecological and environmental data through the analysis module to confirm the assessment content and assessment indicators; S3: The calculation module calculates the change score and status score of each assessment content based on the assessment indicators, then calculates the ecological environment change score of the national park based on the change score of each assessment content, and calculates the ecological environment status score of the national park based on the status score of each assessment. S4: The assessment and grading module assesses and grades the ecological environment changes of national parks based on ecological environment change scores, and assesses and grades the ecological environment status of national parks based on ecological environment status scores.

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