A contract and residual power separation power carbon accounting method, system, device and medium
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611085196.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-15
Smart Images
Figure CN122760107A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting for power systems, and in particular to a method, system, device and medium for carbon accounting of electricity that separates contracted and surplus electricity. Background Technology
[0002] With the advancement of the construction of a unified national electricity market, medium- and long-term contract trading and spot trading are operating in parallel. Environmental rights products such as green electricity and green certificates are superimposed on electricity trading. Inconsistencies may arise between the financial trading path and the physical transmission path of electricity, which may lead to disputes over the carbon emission attribution of traded electricity and the risk of double-counting.
[0003] In current accounting practices, enterprises mostly rely on annual static carbon emission factors for accounting, which is difficult to adapt to the minute-level fluctuation characteristics of the spot market, and accounting deviations are easily amplified; the dynamic tracking capability of cross-provincial green electricity transactions is insufficient, and the low-carbon attributes of green electricity are easily diluted by the averaging factor, making it impossible to accurately reflect the actual carbon intensity of power supply.
[0004] From a mechanistic perspective, there is a structural contradiction between the fixed nature of medium- and long-term contracts and the dynamic nature of spot market dispatch. When the contractually agreed power structure differs from the actual cleared unit combination, the contractual carbon intensity deviates from the actual physical carbon flow. In cross-regional transactions, deviations between the physical transmission path and the contractually agreed path further exacerbate disputes over environmental rights attribution. Furthermore, in the context of multiple types of trading networks, mechanisms such as linking green electricity and green certificates to medium- and long-term electricity volumes and settling spot market deviations can easily lead to overlapping carbon responsibilities across different trading categories, and currently, there is a lack of a unified and workable method for splitting responsibilities. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This invention provides a method, system, device, and medium for electricity carbon accounting that separates contracts from remaining electricity to improve accounting accuracy and enhance the traceability of cross-regional transactions, effectively solving the problems in the background art.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a method for calculating electricity carbon based on the separation of contracted and surplus electricity, comprising the following steps: During the settlement period, multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting is acquired, including market transaction data, environmental rights data, power grid physical data, and power generation emission data. Based on the market transaction data, the contract carbon emission factor is determined, the contract-covered electricity volume of market participants is statistically analyzed, and the corresponding contract carbon emissions are calculated. Based on the power grid physical data, a physical attribution matrix from generation nodes to load nodes is constructed to obtain the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each generation node to the load node. Based on the physical attribution matrix, the physically attributable delivery volume of each contract is obtained, and a dual-track mapping mechanism is constructed, including the transaction track path and the physical track path. The consistency of the transaction track path and the physical track path is verified to obtain the deviation volume. Based on the aforementioned deviation in electricity consumption and environmental rights data, the total electricity consumption of market entities is deducted and calculated to obtain the remaining electricity consumption. The carbon factor of the remaining electricity is determined based on the power generation emission data and the physical power supply contribution coefficient, and the carbon emissions corresponding to the remaining electricity are calculated.
[0007] Furthermore, the market transaction data includes details of medium- and long-term contract transactions, and records of spot market clearing volume and deviation settlement volume; The environmental rights data includes green electricity attributes, environmental rights certificate identifiers, corresponding electricity volume, binding entity, and validity period information; The power grid physical data includes power grid topology parameters, measured line power flow values, network loss coefficients, and zone boundary definitions. The power generation emission data includes the timed output data of each unit and the corresponding carbon emission intensity parameters.
[0008] Furthermore, the calculation expression for the contract-covered electricity volume is as follows: ; In the formula, The contracted electricity volume for subject i in period t. The electricity volume of contract c for subject i; Let i be the set of contracts belonging to subject i.
[0009] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the carbon emissions under the contract is as follows: ; In the formula, Contractual carbon emissions for subject i The contracted electricity volume for subject i in period t. This is the contract carbon emission factor.
[0010] Furthermore, the physical attribution matrix is: ; In the formula, The physical attribution matrix, The physical power supply contribution coefficient from generator node g to load node i.
[0011] Furthermore, the calculation expression for the deviation power is as follows: ; In the formula, This refers to the deviation in electricity level; The actual electricity consumption as measured; Electricity delivered for physically attributable causes.
[0012] Furthermore, the expression for calculating the remaining power is as follows: ; In the formula, The remaining charge of subject i in period t. To measure the actual electricity consumption, The contracted electricity volume for subject i in period t. The corresponding electricity consumption is deducted for environmental rights that have been verified for validity and have not been reused.
[0013] Furthermore, the remaining energy carbon factor is expressed as follows: ; In the formula, The remaining carbon factor; The marginal power supply contribution coefficient of the remaining power under the physical rail; This refers to the marginal emission intensity of the generating unit.
[0014] Furthermore, the carbon emission calculation expression corresponding to the remaining electricity is as follows: ; In the formula, For the remaining carbon emissions, The remaining charge of subject i in period t. The remaining energy carbon factor.
[0015] This invention also provides an electricity carbon accounting system that separates contracted and surplus electricity, comprising: The data acquisition module acquires multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting during the settlement period. The multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting includes market transaction data, environmental rights data, power grid physical data, and power generation emission data. The contract carbon emission accounting module determines the contract carbon emission factor based on the market transaction data, counts the contract-covered electricity volume of market participants, and calculates the corresponding contract carbon emissions. The physical attribution matrix construction module constructs a physical attribution matrix from the power generation node to the load node based on the power grid physical data, and obtains the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each power generation node to the load node. The dual-track mapping verification module obtains the physically attributable delivery volume corresponding to each contract based on the physical attribution matrix, constructs a dual-track mapping including the transaction track path and the physical track path, performs consistency verification on the transaction track path and the physical track path, and obtains the deviation volume. The remaining electricity calculation module calculates the remaining electricity by deducting from the total electricity consumption of market entities based on the deviation electricity and environmental rights data. The remaining carbon emission calculation module determines the carbon factor of the remaining electricity based on the power generation emission data and the physical power supply contribution coefficient, and calculates the carbon emissions corresponding to the remaining electricity.
[0016] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the electricity carbon accounting method that separates the contract and the remaining electricity as described in any of the preceding claims.
[0017] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the electricity carbon accounting method for separating contracts and remaining electricity as described in any of the preceding claims.
[0018] The technical solution of this invention can achieve the following technical effects: A separate accounting method is adopted for contracts and remaining electricity, clearly defining the boundaries between contractual and remaining electricity responsibilities to avoid ambiguity in responsibility boundaries caused by conflation. Contract carbon emission factors are determined based on market transaction data, locking in the corresponding carbon emission responsibilities and providing a transaction-side benchmark for dual-track verification, thus improving accounting accuracy. A physical attribution matrix is constructed based on power grid physical data to quantify the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each generation node to the load node, providing physical-side support for carbon responsibility accounting. A dual-track mapping mechanism is constructed to verify the consistency between the transaction track path and the physical track path, obtaining the deviation electricity, correcting the deviation between the contract transaction path and the physical transmission path, and reducing accounting errors. Remaining electricity is calculated based on the deviation electricity and environmental rights data, and the carbon factor of remaining electricity is determined by combining generation emission data and physical power supply contribution coefficients, adapting to the volatility characteristics of the spot market and ensuring the traceability of remaining electricity carbon emission accounting results. Attached Figure Description
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart for separating contracted and remaining electricity generation in the carbon accounting process; Figure 2 A comparison chart showing the effects of separating contracted and remaining electricity consumption in electricity carbon accounting; Figure 3A comparison chart of hourly parameters for the dual-track mapping mechanism of electricity carbon accounting; Figure 4 This is a graph showing the distribution of absolute errors relative to the physical truth. Figure 5 Physical attribution network diagram for power supply to users; Figure 6 A structural diagram of an electricity carbon accounting system that separates contracted and remaining electricity consumption; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the computer electronic device in this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
[0022] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.
[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0024] like Figure 1 The method for separating contracted and surplus electricity consumption, as shown, includes the following steps: During the settlement period, multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting is acquired, including market transaction data, environmental rights data, power grid physical data, and power generation emission data. Based on the market transaction data, the contract carbon emission factor is determined, the contract-covered electricity volume of market participants is statistically analyzed, and the corresponding contract carbon emissions are calculated. Based on the power grid physical data, a physical attribution matrix from generation nodes to load nodes is constructed to obtain the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each generation node to the load node. Based on the physical attribution matrix, the physically attributable delivery volume of each contract is obtained, and a dual-track mapping mechanism is constructed, including the transaction track path and the physical track path. The consistency of the transaction track path and the physical track path is verified to obtain the deviation volume. Based on the aforementioned deviation in electricity consumption and environmental rights data, the total electricity consumption of market entities is deducted and calculated to obtain the remaining electricity consumption. The carbon factor of the remaining electricity is determined based on the power generation emission data and the physical power supply contribution coefficient, and the carbon emissions corresponding to the remaining electricity are calculated.
[0025] In this embodiment, a separate accounting method for contracts and remaining electricity is adopted to delineate the boundaries between contractual responsibilities and remaining electricity responsibilities, avoiding ambiguity in responsibility boundaries caused by conflation of accounting. Contract carbon emission factors are determined based on market transaction data, locking in the corresponding carbon emission responsibilities of the contracts, providing a transaction-side benchmark for dual-track verification, and improving accounting accuracy. A physical attribution matrix is constructed based on power grid physical data to quantify the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each generation node to the load node, providing physical-side support for carbon responsibility accounting. A dual-track mapping mechanism is constructed to verify the consistency between the transaction track path and the physical track path to obtain the deviation electricity, correcting the deviation between the contract transaction path and the physical transmission path, and reducing accounting deviation. Remaining electricity is calculated based on the deviation electricity and environmental rights data, and the carbon factor of remaining electricity is determined by combining generation emission data and physical power supply contribution coefficients, adapting to the volatility characteristics of the spot market and ensuring the traceability of the remaining electricity carbon emission accounting results.
[0026] Based on the above embodiments, during the settlement period, the interface calls of each corresponding data source are triggered synchronously to obtain market transaction data, environmental rights data, power grid physical data and power generation emission data within the period coverage; The market transaction data includes details of medium- and long-term contract transactions, and records of spot market clearing volume and deviation settlement volume; Environmental rights data includes green electricity attributes, a unique identifier for the environmental rights certificate, the corresponding electricity volume, the binding entity, and the validity period. Power grid physical data includes power grid network topology parameters, measured line power flow values, network loss coefficients, and zone boundary definitions; The power generation emissions data includes the hourly output data of each unit and the corresponding carbon emission intensity parameters.
[0027] Time granularity normalization is performed on the acquired data, and the timestamps of all data items are aligned according to the minimum time slice set in the settlement cycle to eliminate time sequence misalignment caused by differences in sampling frequency of different data sources; Establish a mapping relationship between market entity identifiers and power grid physical nodes, convert the transaction volume of each entity on the trading side into the net injection volume of the corresponding power grid node, and form a multi-market transaction net injection vector; Standardized contract datasets and equity datasets are generated according to data attributes. The contract dataset stores the buying and selling entities, time-of-use electricity, agreed power composition, and delivery node information for each transaction contract. The equity dataset stores the corresponding electricity, binding entity, and validity verification results for each environmental equity certificate.
[0028] In this embodiment, market transaction data, environmental rights data, power grid physical data, and power generation emission data within the settlement period are acquired simultaneously, covering all dimensions of data input for multi-market carbon accounting, ensuring the integrity of the accounting data dimensions. Time granularity normalization is performed on all types of data, aligning the timestamps of all data items by the smallest time slice to eliminate timing misalignments caused by differences in sampling frequencies from different data sources and unify data time caliber. A mapping relationship between market entity identifiers and power grid physical nodes is established, converting the transaction electricity volume on the trading side into the net injected electricity volume of the corresponding power grid node, forming a multi-market transaction net injection vector to achieve matching and correspondence between transaction data and physical nodes. Standardized contract datasets and rights datasets are generated according to data attributes, providing a unified data input benchmark for subsequent accounting steps.
[0029] Based on the above embodiments, all valid medium- and long-term contracts belonging to the target market entity are extracted from market transaction data. The agreed delivery volume for each time slot within the settlement period of each contract is statistically analyzed, and the contract-covered volume of the market entity is obtained by summarizing the data. The expression is as follows: ; In the formula, The contracted electricity volume for subject i in period t. The electricity volume of contract c for subject i; The set of contracts belonging to subject i; For each valid contract, a static contract carbon emission factor is determined based on the power type specified in the contract. The contract carbon emissions of a market participant during the settlement period are obtained by multiplying the agreed delivery volume of each contract by the corresponding contract carbon emission factor and then summing the results. The expression is as follows: ; In the formula, Contractual carbon emissions for subject i The contracted electricity volume for subject i in period t. This is the contract carbon emission factor.
[0030] In this embodiment, valid medium- and long-term contracts are extracted from market transaction data, and the electricity covered by the contracts is statistically analyzed to clarify the accounting caliber of contract electricity, providing a transaction-side electricity benchmark for the separate accounting of contracts and remaining electricity. The carbon emission factor of the contract is determined based on the power type composition agreed in the contract, so that the carbon emission accounting of the contract matches the power structure agreed in the contract, locking in the carbon emission responsibility corresponding to the medium- and long-term contracts. The carbon emission of the contract is calculated by multiplying the agreed delivery electricity by the corresponding contract carbon emission factor and summing the results, forming a quantifiable contract responsibility accounting result, providing a transaction-side comparison benchmark for the consistency verification of the subsequent dual-track mapping mechanism.
[0031] Based on the above embodiments, the set of power grid nodes, the topological connection relationship of branch, the active power flow of each branch and the network loss coefficient are extracted based on the power grid physical data. The principle of proportional allocation is adopted. The active power flow of the branch is used as the calculation object. The active power flow of the branch is allocated according to the proportion of the upstream injected power. The injection source on the generation side is traced back node by node, and the contribution ratio of each generation node in the power supply of each load node is calculated in turn, i.e., the physical power supply contribution coefficient. A physical attribution matrix is constructed with generation nodes as rows and load nodes as columns. Each element in the matrix represents the physical power supply contribution coefficient of the corresponding generation node to the corresponding load node. The physical attribution matrix is expressed as follows: ; In the formula, The physical attribution matrix, The physical power supply contribution coefficient from generator node g to load node i.
[0032] In this embodiment, the set of power grid nodes, branch topology connections, branch active power flow, and network loss coefficients are extracted based on the power grid physical data, so that the power supply contribution calculation relies on the actual operating parameters of the power grid. The injection source on the generation side is traced node by node using the proportional allocation principle, and the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each generation node to each load node is calculated to clarify the physical power supply responsibility correspondence between the generation side and the load side. A physical attribution matrix is constructed with generation nodes as rows and load nodes as columns to form a structured physical power supply relationship mapping, providing a physical quantitative benchmark for the consistency verification of the subsequent dual-track mapping mechanism.
[0033] Based on the above embodiments, the buying and selling entities, delivery nodes, and agreed power sources of each valid contract are extracted from market transaction data. Market entities are used as nodes and the contracted electricity volume is used as the responsibility transmission link to form a transaction track path. Based on the physical attribution matrix, the physical power supply transmission link from the generation side to the load side is constructed with grid nodes as nodes and the physical power supply contribution coefficient of the generation node to the load node as weight, forming a physical track path. The transaction track path and the physical track path together constitute a dual-track mapping mechanism. Obtain the actual electricity consumption of market participants within the settlement period using the metering caliber; based on the physical attribution matrix, locate the agreed delivery nodes of each contract and the corresponding power generation nodes of the agreed power type, extract the physical power supply contribution coefficient of this type of power generation node to the delivery node, and calculate the attributable delivery electricity of each contract under the physical track by combining the total time-of-use power received by the delivery node; summarize the physical attributable delivery electricity of all contracts belonging to the same market participant to obtain the total physical attributable delivery electricity of the contracts corresponding to that market participant; verify the consistency between the actual electricity consumption and the total physical attributable delivery electricity of the contracts, and the difference between the two is the deviation electricity, expressed as: ; In the formula, This refers to the deviation in electricity level; The actual electricity consumption as measured; Electricity delivered is based on physically attributable causes; a dual-track mapping mechanism and a verification mechanism are used to bridge accounting biases and reduce disputes over environmental rights attribution.
[0034] In this embodiment, a dual-track mapping mechanism including transaction track path and physical track path is constructed to establish a corresponding relationship between transaction agreement responsibility and physical power supply relationship; the physically attributable delivery volume of each contract is calculated based on the physical attribution matrix, and the total physically attributable delivery volume of the contract is summarized to quantify the deliverable scale of the contract under the physical path of the power grid; the actual electricity consumption in the metering caliber is checked against the total physically attributable delivery volume of the contract to obtain the deviation volume, and the degree of deviation between the transaction path and the physical path is quantified; this provides a correction basis for the subsequent calculation of remaining electricity, bridges the calculation deviation, and reduces disputes over the attribution of environmental rights.
[0035] Based on the above embodiments, the electricity volume is split by combining physical verification deviation and equity validity verification. The contract coverage electricity volume of the market entity is used as the basis, and the corresponding deviation electricity volume is deducted to obtain the contract coverage electricity volume that has been physically verified. Read all environmental rights certificates belonging to the market entity from the environmental rights data, verify the certificate validity period, binding relationship and uniqueness of use, and filter out the electricity volume corresponding to the rights that meet the deduction conditions as valid environmental rights deduction electricity volume; Based on the total electricity consumption of the market entity during the settlement period, the remaining electricity is obtained by successively deducting the contracted electricity volume that has been physically verified and the electricity volume offset by the valid environmental rights, expressed as: ; In the formula, The remaining charge of subject i in period t. To measure the actual electricity consumption, The contracted electricity volume for subject i in period t. The corresponding electricity consumption is deducted for environmental rights that have been verified for validity and have not been reused.
[0036] In this embodiment, the electricity volume is split by combining physical verification deviation and rights validity verification, and the accounting method for the remaining electricity volume is unified. The corresponding deviation electricity volume is deducted from the contract-covered electricity volume to obtain the contract-covered electricity volume that has been physically verified and is valid. This corrects the scope of the contract's valid responsibility and excludes contract electricity volume that is physically undeliverable. The validity period, binding relationship and uniqueness of the environmental rights certificate are verified to screen out the valid environmental rights deduction electricity volume and avoid duplicate deduction of environmental rights. The remaining electricity volume is obtained by deducting the contract-covered electricity volume that has been physically verified and the valid environmental rights deduction electricity volume from the total electricity consumption of the market entity. This clarifies the responsibility boundary of each part of the electricity volume and provides a reliable input benchmark for the carbon emission accounting of the remaining electricity volume.
[0037] Based on the above embodiments, the carbon factor of the remaining electricity is dynamically determined based on power generation emission data and physical power supply contribution coefficient; the marginal emission intensity of each dispatching unit within the settlement period is extracted from the power generation emission data, and the set of marginal power supply units for the current period is determined in combination with the real-time dispatch results of the power grid. The physical power supply contribution coefficient of each marginal power supply unit to the corresponding load node of the target market entity is extracted from the physical attribution matrix. A weighted calculation is then performed using the marginal emission intensity of each unit as the basis and the physical power supply contribution coefficient as the weight, to obtain the remaining electricity carbon factor, expressed as: ; In the formula, The remaining carbon factor; The marginal power supply contribution coefficient of the remaining power under the physical rail; The marginal emission intensity of the unit; Multiplying the remaining electricity by the carbon factor of the remaining electricity yields the carbon emissions corresponding to the remaining electricity, expressed as: ; In the formula, For the remaining carbon emissions, The remaining charge of subject i in period t. The remaining carbon factor; When the actual dispatch deviates from the contracted path, it is dynamically allocated between contractual responsibility and spot responsibility according to the proportion of the deviation electricity, forming a collaborative accounting mechanism across time scales: ; ; In the formula, To assign weights; Carbon factor; The minimum effective metering threshold can be calculated as 1% of the typical load.
[0038] In this embodiment, the carbon factor of the remaining electricity is determined based on power generation emission data and physical power supply contribution coefficient. This is combined with a weighted calculation of marginal emission intensity and marginal power supply unit set to match the carbon intensity of the remaining electricity with the real-time dispatch status and associate it with physical power supply relationships. The remaining electricity is multiplied by the carbon factor of the remaining electricity to calculate the remaining carbon emissions, completing the carbon emission accounting for electricity outside the contract and constructing an accounting architecture that separates the contract and the remaining electricity. When the actual dispatch deviates from the contract path, it is dynamically allocated between contract responsibility and spot responsibility according to the proportion of the deviation electricity, forming a cross-timescale collaborative accounting mechanism to adapt to dispatch fluctuation scenarios. A minimum effective metered electricity threshold is set to ensure the numerical stability of the weighted calculation.
[0039] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown in Figure (a), the metered load fluctuates between 60-115MW, while the contract power is a constant 50MW, including 30MW of wind power and 20MW of gas power. Therefore, the contract coverage rate can reach 80% during the trough and drops to 40% during the peak. The corresponding remaining electricity on the trading side fluctuates between 10-65MW with the load. In Figure (b), the contract factor is basically a constant of 0.19kgCO2 / kWh, which is lower than the main fluctuation range of the physical true value. The marginal factor rises to 1.0kgCO2 / kWh in several stages, which corresponds to the spot marginal units turning into high carbon marginal periods. In Figure (c), the cumulative emissions of the full contract amount based on the low carbon factor and the remaining amount based on the residual are significantly lower, reflecting that it miscalculated the part of the deviation electricity that should have been borne by the high carbon marginal as the low carbon contract electricity.
[0040] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown in Figure (a), the user nodes are mainly powered by gas: the share of gas power is mostly in the range of 0.55-0.65, coal power is 0.20-0.35, wind power is 0.10-0.20, and photovoltaic power rises to 0.10-0.15 around noon and close to 0 at night; while in Figure (b), the share within the contract block is almost constant, which means that the low-carbon structure claimed by the trading side cannot be supported by the physical power supply structure for many hours; in Figure (c), the share is 0.37-0.50 throughout the day, and is highest between 10:00 and 22:00, close to 0.48-0.50, which corresponds to the widening gap between the nominal delivery of contract power and the physically attributable delivery caused by congestion / power curtailment; corresponding to Figure (d), the MEF is high at 1.0 at noon and in the evening, indicating that using the marginal factor to calculate the remaining power is more sensitive and can capture the high-carbon marginal period, but it is also more likely to amplify the error to the tail of the statistical distribution during peak periods.
[0041] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, in terms of distribution morphology, the upper tail of the double-regular + MEF pattern is longer, reaching outliers on the order of 10,000 kg, which is consistent with... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The peak consistency of MEF: When the margin is cut from gas to coal and the physical inconsistency of the transaction is large, the margin method will produce a stronger peak transmission; although the overall error of the dual-track + residual method is still higher than that of the position method, the box is more convergent, indicating that the residual combination is more robust in this synthesis scenario.
[0042] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the average power supply structure for users is 57% gas-fired power, 29.1% coal-fired power, 9% wind power, 4.8% solar power, 86.1% fossil fuels combined, and 13.8% renewable energy. Meanwhile, the contract blocks marked in the figure are wind power = 30MW and gas-fired power = 20MW, meaning that renewable energy accounts for 60% within the contract. However, the long-term average wind power in the physical attribution is only 9%, which means that under this simulation setting, there is significant room for the contract's low-carbon attribute delivery to be squeezed out. Therefore, directly including the low-carbon factor in the full contract amount will systematically underestimate emissions. Introducing a dual-track verification, transferring the non-physically attributable portion to the residual and bias and calculating using marginal or residual factors, will return to a more realistic emission level.
[0043] like Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also provides an electricity carbon accounting system that separates contracted and remaining electricity, specifically including the following modules; The data acquisition module acquires multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting during the settlement period. The multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting includes market transaction data, environmental rights data, power grid physical data, and power generation emission data. The contract carbon emission accounting module determines the contract carbon emission factor based on the market transaction data, counts the contract-covered electricity volume of market participants, and calculates the corresponding contract carbon emissions. The physical attribution matrix construction module constructs a physical attribution matrix from the power generation node to the load node based on the power grid physical data, and obtains the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each power generation node to the load node. The dual-track mapping verification module obtains the physically attributable delivery volume corresponding to each contract based on the physical attribution matrix, constructs a dual-track mapping including the transaction track path and the physical track path, performs consistency verification on the transaction track path and the physical track path, and obtains the deviation volume. The remaining electricity calculation module calculates the remaining electricity by deducting from the total electricity consumption of market entities based on the deviation electricity and environmental rights data. The remaining carbon emission calculation module determines the carbon factor of the remaining electricity based on the power generation emission data and the physical power supply contribution coefficient, and calculates the carbon emissions corresponding to the remaining electricity.
[0044] like Figure 7As shown, the present invention also provides an electronic device, characterized in that it includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the electricity carbon accounting method for separating contracts and remaining electricity as described above, including the following steps: During the settlement period, acquiring multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting, the multi-source data including market transaction data, environmental rights data, power grid physical data, and power generation emission data; determining the contract carbon emission factor based on the market transaction data, statistically analyzing the contract-covered electricity of market participants, and calculating the corresponding contract carbon emissions; constructing a physical attribution matrix from power generation nodes to load nodes based on the power grid physical data, and obtaining the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each power generation node to the load node; obtaining the physically attributable delivered electricity corresponding to each contract based on the physical attribution matrix, constructing a dual-track mapping, including a transaction track path and a physical track path, performing consistency verification on the transaction track path and the physical track path, and obtaining the deviation electricity; deducting and calculating the total electricity consumption of market participants based on the deviation electricity and environmental rights data to obtain the remaining electricity; determining the carbon factor of the remaining electricity based on the power generation emission data and the physical power supply contribution coefficient, and calculating the carbon emissions corresponding to the remaining electricity.
[0045] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the electricity carbon accounting method for separating contracts and remaining electricity as described in any of the preceding claims, including the following steps: During the settlement period, acquiring multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting, including market transaction data, environmental rights data, power grid physical data, and power generation emission data; determining the contract carbon emission factor based on the market transaction data, statistically analyzing the contract-covered electricity volume of market participants, and calculating the corresponding contract carbon emissions; constructing a physical attribution matrix from power generation nodes to load nodes based on the power grid physical data, and obtaining the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each power generation node to the load node; obtaining the physically attributable delivered electricity volume corresponding to each contract based on the physical attribution matrix, constructing a dual-track mapping, including a transaction track path and a physical track path, performing consistency verification on the transaction track path and the physical track path, and obtaining the deviation electricity volume; deducting and calculating the total electricity consumption of market participants based on the deviation electricity volume and environmental rights data to obtain the remaining electricity volume; determining the carbon factor of the remaining electricity volume based on the power generation emission data and the physical power supply contribution coefficient, and calculating the carbon emissions corresponding to the remaining electricity volume.
[0046] In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. "A plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0047] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0048] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0049] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the invention includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of the invention pertain.
[0050] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can include, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Alternatively, the computer-readable medium may be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
[0051] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.
[0052] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
[0053] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for calculating carbon emissions based on the separation of contracted and surplus electricity, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: During the settlement period, multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting is acquired, including market transaction data, environmental rights data, power grid physical data, and power generation emission data. Based on the market transaction data, the contract carbon emission factor is determined, the contract-covered electricity volume of market participants is statistically analyzed, and the corresponding contract carbon emissions are calculated. Based on the power grid physical data, a physical attribution matrix from generation nodes to load nodes is constructed to obtain the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each generation node to the load node. Based on the physical attribution matrix, the physically attributable delivery volume of each contract is obtained, and a dual-track mapping mechanism is constructed, including the transaction track path and the physical track path. The consistency of the transaction track path and the physical track path is verified to obtain the deviation volume. Based on the aforementioned deviation in electricity consumption and environmental rights data, the total electricity consumption of market entities is deducted and calculated to obtain the remaining electricity consumption. The carbon factor of the remaining electricity is determined based on the power generation emission data and the physical power supply contribution coefficient, and the carbon emissions corresponding to the remaining electricity are calculated.
2. The electricity carbon accounting method separating contracted and remaining electricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The market transaction data includes details of medium- and long-term contract transactions, and records of spot market clearing volume and deviation settlement volume. The environmental rights data includes green electricity attributes, environmental rights certificate identifiers, corresponding electricity volume, binding entity, and validity period information; The power grid physical data includes power grid topology parameters, measured line power flow values, network loss coefficients, and zone boundary definitions. The power generation emission data includes the timed output data of each unit and the corresponding carbon emission intensity parameters.
3. The electricity carbon accounting method separating contracted and remaining electricity as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the electricity coverage under the contract is as follows: ； In the formula, The contracted electricity volume for subject i in period t. The electricity volume of contract c for subject i; Let i be the set of contracts belonging to subject i.
4. The electricity carbon accounting method separating contracted and remaining electricity as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the carbon emissions under the contract is as follows: ； In the formula, Contractual carbon emissions for subject i The contracted electricity volume for subject i in period t. This is the contract carbon emission factor.
5. The electricity carbon accounting method separating contracted and remaining electricity as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The physical attribution matrix is: ； In the formula, The physical attribution matrix, The physical power supply contribution coefficient from generator node g to load node i.
6. The electricity carbon accounting method separating contracted and remaining electricity as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the deviation power is: ； In the formula, This refers to the deviation in electricity level; The actual electricity consumption as measured; Electricity delivered for physically attributable causes.
7. The electricity carbon accounting method separating contracted and remaining electricity as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the remaining power is: ； In the formula, The remaining charge of subject i in period t. The actual electricity consumption is measured. The contracted electricity volume for subject i in period t. The corresponding electricity consumption is deducted for environmental rights that have been verified for validity and have not been reused.
8. The electricity carbon accounting method separating contracted and remaining electricity as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The remaining energy carbon factor is expressed as follows: ； In the formula, The remaining energy carbon factor; The marginal power supply contribution coefficient of the remaining power under the physical rail; This refers to the marginal emission intensity of the generating unit.
9. The electricity carbon accounting method separating contracted and remaining electricity as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The carbon emission calculation formula corresponding to the remaining electricity is: ； In the formula, For the remaining carbon emissions, The remaining charge of subject i in period t. The remaining energy carbon factor.
10. A carbon accounting system for electricity that separates contracted and surplus electricity, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module acquires multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting during the settlement period. The multi-source data for electricity carbon accounting includes market transaction data, environmental rights data, power grid physical data, and power generation emission data. The contract carbon emission accounting module determines the contract carbon emission factor based on the market transaction data, counts the contract-covered electricity volume of market participants, and calculates the corresponding contract carbon emissions. The physical attribution matrix construction module constructs a physical attribution matrix from the power generation node to the load node based on the power grid physical data, and obtains the physical power supply contribution coefficient of each power generation node to the load node. The dual-track mapping verification module obtains the physically attributable delivery volume corresponding to each contract based on the physical attribution matrix, constructs a dual-track mapping including the transaction track path and the physical track path, performs consistency verification on the transaction track path and the physical track path, and obtains the deviation volume. The remaining electricity calculation module calculates the remaining electricity by deducting from the total electricity consumption of market entities based on the deviation electricity and environmental rights data. The remaining carbon emission calculation module determines the carbon factor of the remaining electricity based on the power generation emission data and the physical power supply contribution coefficient, and calculates the carbon emissions corresponding to the remaining electricity.
11. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the electricity carbon accounting method that separates the contract from the remaining electricity as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.
12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the electricity carbon accounting method that separates the contract from the remaining electricity as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.