A method for establishing and managing a carbon cost systematization model of a steel enterprise

Abstract

The application discloses a steel enterprise carbon cost systematization model establishment and management method, belongs to the industrial artificial intelligence technical field of metallurgical automation, and solves the problems of insufficient cognition of enterprises on carbon cost and inability to comprehensively carry out carbon cost monitoring and management work. The steel enterprise carbon cost systematization model establishment and management method realizes full coverage of an upstream supply chain stage, an off-site transportation stage and a production and manufacturing stage of a steel enterprise by establishing a multi-level and multi-dimensional carbon cost systematization model of the steel enterprise, comprehensively deals with domestic and foreign carbon markets and carbon finance, and reduces carbon reduction projects and management platform construction; and a multi-dimensional fusion management system and method of carbon cost of the steel enterprise are designed, effective carbon cost management of the steel enterprise is helped, and the core target of carbon cost control of the steel enterprise is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial artificial intelligence technology in metallurgical automation, specifically involving a systematic model for the establishment and management of carbon cost in steel enterprises. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon costs are involved in all carbon activities of steel companies, affecting upstream low-carbon supply chains, off-site transportation, greenhouse gas emissions, domestic and international carbon markets, carbon quotas, carbon finance, corporate carbon compliance, carbon management system construction, carbon staffing, carbon management platform development, and third-party authoritative assessment services. Therefore, carbon costs will become a core issue that steel companies must address. While steel companies have begun to pay attention to carbon costs, they have not yet established an effective and sound carbon cost management system. Without effective means, carbon costs will inevitably become a serious burden for steel companies. Currently, steel companies lack a multi-dimensional integrated management system, making it impossible to implement effective carbon cost management and hindering carbon cost control. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing systematic model and management methods for carbon costs in steel companies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the aforementioned problems by providing a systematic model and management method for establishing carbon cost systems in steel enterprises. This method covers the upstream supply chain, off-site transportation, and production stages of steel enterprises, comprehensively addresses domestic and international carbon markets and carbon finance, carbon reduction projects, and carbon management platform construction. Through a multi-dimensional integrated management system, it helps steel enterprises implement effective carbon cost management and ensures the core objectives of carbon cost control for steel enterprises.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises includes the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Construct a multi-dimensional carbon cost system framework for steel enterprises;

[0006] The system systematically analyzes the carbon cost composition of the entire business chain of steel enterprises and divides it into eight core categories: enterprise GHG carbon emission costs, carbon reduction and carbon reduction project costs, carbon asset-related costs, international carbon market carbon costs, third-party certification service carbon costs, dual-carbon platform construction carbon costs, carbon employee system carbon costs, and carbon finance business carbon costs, thereby forming a comprehensive carbon cost system architecture.

[0007] Step 2: Establish standardized carbon cost calculation models in modules; construct quantitative accounting models for each of the eight major carbon cost categories:

[0008] ① The carbon emission cost of GHG is broken down into direct carbon cost, indirect carbon cost, and upstream and downstream carbon cost, and calculation formulas are established based on activity data, emission factors, and segmented carbon prices respectively.

[0009] ② For carbon reduction projects, the annual amortized cost is calculated based on investment, operation and maintenance personnel, operating energy consumption, and annual carbon reduction benefits;

[0010] ③Establish carbon asset revenue and expenditure accounting models according to different scenarios of carbon quota issuance, purchase, sale, carry-over and CCER trading;

[0011] ④ Calculate the compliance costs in the international carbon market by combining implicit carbon emissions from exports, international carbon tariffs, free allowances, and domestic carbon costs already paid;

[0012] ⑤ Annual costs of third-party services such as data collection platform testing, carbon reporting, EPD, CBAM, greenhouse gas verification, and carbon training;

[0013] ⑥ Calculate the annual construction cost of the dual-carbon platform based on the phased investment amount and the number of years of operation;

[0014] ⑦ Calculate the annual management cost of carbon employees based on their carbon management positions within the company and its branches, taking into account salary and performance coefficients;

[0015] ⑧ Distinguish between three scenarios: normal repayment, asset settlement, and full debt settlement, and establish a carbon finance business cost model;

[0016] By summarizing and coupling the eight major cost categories, a calculation model for the company's annual total carbon cost and carbon cost percentage is formed.

[0017] Step 3: Divide the management attributes into three major control dimensions;

[0018] All carbon costs are categorized into three types: real-time management, event management, and annual management. Carbon emissions from fuel, electricity, and heat generated concurrently with production are included in real-time management; one-off, irregular events such as project construction, carbon trading, certification services, and carbon finance are included in event management; and annual allowances, annual audits, and total corporate carbon cost inventory are included in the annual management dimension.

[0019] Step 4: Implement systematic management and control across different dimensions;

[0020] ① Real-time management: Set upper and lower limits for the carbon cost per unit of crude steel, monitor online in real time, and issue timely warnings and control measures if the limits are exceeded;

[0021] ②Event Management: Adopt a closed-loop management model of pre-event industry average prediction, in-event phased indicator monitoring, and post-event review and iteration, and trace and optimize the source of exceeding the standard;

[0022] ③ Annual Management: Set control ranges for total carbon costs and the proportion of each item, conduct annual benchmarking and verification, and ensure that the overall carbon costs of the enterprise are controllable;

[0023] Step 5: Refine the implementation details at each level;

[0024] The carbon cost model and control indicators are further refined to the level of branch plants, workshops, raw material categories and processes, so as to achieve refined carbon cost accounting, analysis and routine control from the whole enterprise to the local process, and support the steel enterprise in carbon emission reduction and lean carbon cost management.

[0025] Step two involves creating a carbon cost accounting model based on carbon activity data of steel enterprises and carbon market prices.

[0026] ① Direct carbon costs in the carbon costs of GHG emissions from steel enterprises:

[0027] (1)

[0028] In the formula, —Direct carbon costs for steel companies;

[0029] —The total carbon cost of fossil fuels for steel companies;

[0030] —The total carbon cost of industrial production for steel companies;

[0031] a. Fossil fuel carbon cost calculation model

[0032] (2)

[0033] In the formula, —Activity data for fossil fuels of type i;

[0034] —Emission factor corresponding to the i-th type of fossil fuel;

[0035] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions;

[0036] This invention designs the carbon price cost It is a piecewise function, and the calculation model is shown in equation (3):

[0037] (3)

[0038] b. Industrial production carbon cost calculation model:

[0039] (4)

[0040] In the formula, —Activity data for the i-th type of industrial production materials;

[0041] —Emission factor corresponding to the i-th type of industrial production material;

[0042] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions;

[0043] ② Indirect carbon costs in the carbon costs of GHG emissions from steel enterprises:

[0044] (5)

[0045] In the formula, —Indirect carbon costs for steel companies;

[0046] —The total carbon cost of purchased electricity for steel companies;

[0047] —The total carbon cost of purchased heat for steel companies;

[0048] (6)

[0049] In the formula, —Electricity consumption data of steel enterprises;

[0050] —Emission factor corresponding to the electricity consumption of steel enterprises in the i-th power region of my country;

[0051] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions;

[0052] (7)

[0053] In the formula, —Data on the i-th type of heat consumption activity of steel enterprises, where i = steam, hot water;

[0054] —Emission factor corresponding to the i-th type of heat for steel enterprises;

[0055] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions;

[0056] ③ Upstream and downstream carbon costs in the carbon costs of GHG emissions from steel enterprises:

[0057] (8)

[0058] In the formula, —Carbon costs related to upstream and downstream steel enterprises;

[0059] —Supply chain carbon costs of steel companies purchasing raw and auxiliary materials from upstream stages;

[0060] —Transportation carbon costs of raw and auxiliary materials purchased by steel companies in the upstream transportation stage;

[0061] —The carbon cost of waste disposal for steel companies;

[0062] Carbon costs associated with symbiotic products of steel enterprises;

[0063] a. Supply chain carbon costs

[0064] (9)

[0065] In the formula, —Activity data of the i-th type of purchased materials by steel enterprises;

[0066] —Emission factors corresponding to the upstream mining and production stages of the i-th category of purchased materials;

[0067] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions;

[0068] b. Carbon costs of green logistics

[0069] (10)

[0070] In the formula, —Activity data for Category i purchased materials by steel enterprises, which need to be transported to steel enterprises;

[0071] —The transportation distance from the j-th supplier of the i-th type of purchased materials to the steel enterprise, including rail transport, road transport, long-distance pipeline transport, shipping and air transport;

[0072] —Emission factor corresponding to the upstream transportation stage of the i-th category of purchased materials;

[0073] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions;

[0074] c. Carbon costs of waste treatment

[0075] (11)

[0076] In the formula, —Activity data of steel companies requiring the i-th type of waste disposal;

[0077] —Emission factor corresponding to type j treatment process for type i waste;

[0078] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions;

[0079] d. Carbon cost of symbiotic products

[0080] (12)

[0081] In the formula, —Activity data of the i-th type of symbiotic products of steel enterprises;

[0082] —Emission factor of the system extension method corresponding to the i-th type of symbiotic product;

[0083] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions.

[0084] Step two, carbon cost of carbon reduction projects;

[0085] The carbon cost of a carbon reduction project includes: project construction investment cost, operation and maintenance management personnel cost after project completion, direct carbon cost, indirect carbon cost, upstream and downstream carbon cost of project system operation, and carbon cost corresponding to the annual carbon reduction of project system operation; the above-mentioned costs are converted into annual carbon costs, and the calculation model is shown in equation (13);

[0086] (13)

[0087] In the formula, —Total carbon cost of carbon reduction projects;

[0088] —Total investment in the carbon reduction project;

[0089] —Total operating life of the carbon reduction project;

[0090] —The average salary of system operation and maintenance personnel after the completion of this carbon reduction project;

[0091] —The number of operation and maintenance personnel required after the carbon reduction project is completed;

[0092] , , —The direct carbon costs, indirect carbon costs, and upstream and downstream carbon costs corresponding to the operational phase of the system built for this carbon reduction project.

[0093] Step two, the carbon cost of carbon assets held by steel companies;

[0094] The total carbon assets held by steel companies include: annual carbon allowances issued by the government to the companies, carbon market allowances purchased, carbon market CCERs purchased, carbon allowances carried over from the previous year by the steel companies, carbon allowances sold and CCERs sold; since steel companies will buy and sell carbon allowances or CCERs at different stages according to their own circumstances, and the unit price of carbon market and CCER market will fluctuate at different times; the design calculation model is shown in equation (14);

[0095] (14)

[0096] In the formula, —Steel companies receive annual carbon allowances from the government;

[0097] —The amount of carbon allowances that a steel company purchases from the carbon market for the i-th time;

[0098] —The amount of CCERs purchased by steel companies from the CCER market for the i-th time;

[0099] —The amount of carbon allowances that steel companies have carried over from the previous year to the current year;

[0100] —The amount of carbon allowances sold by steel companies to the carbon market in the i-th transaction;

[0101] —The volume of CCERs sold by steel companies to the CCER market for the ith time;

[0102] —The unit price of carbon allowances during the government's issuance of carbon allowances;

[0103] —The unit price of carbon allowances for the i-th carbon allowance purchase stage for steel companies;

[0104] —The unit price of CCER in the i-th CCER purchase stage by the steel company;

[0105] —The unit price during the carbon quota carryover phase;

[0106] —The unit price of carbon allowances sold by steel companies in the i-th stage of carbon allowance sales;

[0107] —The unit price of CCER in the i-th stage of a steel company's sale of CCER.

[0108] Step two, the carbon costs for steel companies participating in the international carbon market;

[0109] The carbon cost for steel companies participating in the international carbon market refers to the international carbon tariffs that the company must bear when exporting its products to other countries, which are presented in the form of carbon cost; the design calculation model is shown in equation (15);

[0110] (15)

[0111] In the formula, —The carbon costs that steel companies should face due to international carbon tariffs;

[0112] —The total implicit emissions of steel companies' products exported to a certain country in the international community;

[0113] —The amount of free import quotas granted by a certain country to its domestic importing companies;

[0114] —The quantity of products exported by a steel company to a certain country in the international community;

[0115] —When a steel company exports to a certain country, the carbon price in that country (such as the price of a CBAM certificate).

[0116] —The carbon price that steel companies have already paid domestically to ensure product exports.

[0117] Step two, the carbon cost calculation model for third-party certification services for steel enterprises:

[0118] (16)

[0119] In the formula, —The total carbon cost for steel companies to conduct third-party certification services annually;

[0120] —Commissioned testing of the underlying logic and system of the constructed dual-carbon platform; i—the i-th construction cycle stage of the annual carbon platform project; the same applies below, and will not be repeated.

[0121] —The cost for a third-party authoritative organization to complete the carbon reporting function of the carbon sector;

[0122] —The cost of third-party authoritative certification for the product's carbon segment algorithm compliance;

[0123] —The cost of a third-party authoritative organization completing the carbon reporting function of the product's carbon module;

[0124] —The cost of third-party authoritative institutions helping steel companies complete EPD reports;

[0125] —The cost of third-party authoritative organizations helping steel companies complete CBAM reports;

[0126] —The cost of third-party authoritative verification of greenhouse gas emissions from steel companies;

[0127] —The carbon cost of third-party authoritative services for various carbon training programs for steel companies;

[0128] Meanwhile, the carbon cost calculation model for the construction of dual-carbon platforms in steel enterprises:

[0129] (17)

[0130] In the formula, —Total carbon cost of dual-carbon platform projects for steel enterprises;

[0131] —Investment amount for Phase i of the dual-carbon platform project for steel enterprises;

[0132] —The planned operating life of the dual-carbon platform to be built.

[0133] In step two, the carbon cost calculation model of the carbon employee system of steel enterprises is shown in equation (17);

[0134] (18)

[0135] In the formula, —The total carbon cost of a carbon employee system for steel companies;

[0136] —The salary of enterprise-level carbon management personnel;

[0137] , , , —Salaries of Product Carbon Administrator i in Production and Manufacturing Department, Organizational Carbon Administrator i in Energy and Environment Department, Carbon Asset Administrator i in Energy and Environment Department, and CBAM Administrator i in Sales Department;

[0138] , , , —The wages of carbon administrator i in the sintering plant, carbon administrator i in the pelletizing plant, carbon administrator i in the coking plant, and carbon administrator i in the ironmaking plant;

[0139] , , , —The wages of carbon administrator i in the converter steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the electric arc furnace steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the refining branch, and carbon administrator i in the continuous casting branch;

[0140] , —The wages of carbon administrator i in the hot rolling mill and carbon administrator i in the cold rolling mill;

[0141] , —The wages of carbon manager i in the thermal power plant and carbon manager i in the auxiliary process;

[0142] —Annual salary performance coefficient for enterprise-level carbon management personnel;

[0143] , , , —The salary performance coefficients for Product Carbon Administrator i in the Production and Manufacturing Department, Organizational Carbon Administrator i in the Energy and Environment Department, Carbon Asset Administrator i in the Energy and Environment Department, and CBAM Administrator i in the Sales Department;

[0144] , , , —The wage performance coefficients for carbon administrator i in the sintering plant, carbon administrator i in the pelletizing plant, carbon administrator i in the coking plant, and carbon administrator i in the ironmaking plant;

[0145] , , , —The wage performance coefficients for carbon administrator i in the converter steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the electric arc furnace steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the refining branch, and carbon administrator i in the continuous casting branch.

[0146] , —Performance coefficients of carbon administrator i in hot rolling mill and carbon administrator i in cold rolling mill;

[0147] , —Performance coefficients of carbon administrator i in the thermal power plant and carbon administrator i in the auxiliary process.

[0148] Step two, the carbon cost of carbon finance for steel enterprises; carbon finance for steel enterprises mainly refers to loan business through corporate carbon credit limits, and the established carbon finance cost model for steel enterprises is shown in equation (19).

[0149] (19)

[0150] In the formula, —The total cost of carbon finance business for steel companies;

[0151] —The amount of repayment that steel companies voluntarily submit to financial institutions upon contract expiration;

[0152] —The total principal and interest of loans that steel companies need to repay to financial institutions upon contract expiration;

[0153] —The amount of carbon assets that steel companies have mortgaged to financial institutions;

[0154] —The market price of carbon assets of steel companies when the contract expires;

[0155] In the above formula , For the coefficient, the specific calculation model is shown in equations (20) and (21);

[0156] (20)

[0157] (twenty one).

[0158] Step two, the total carbon cost model for steel enterprises;

[0159] Based on the above carbon costs, and unified with the annual statistical results, the total carbon cost calculation model for steel enterprises is obtained as shown in equation (22):

[0160] (twenty two)

[0161] In the formula, —Total carbon cost for steel companies;

[0162] The carbon cost ratio of steel enterprises is shown in equation (23);

[0163] (twenty three)

[0164] In the formula, —The weight of carbon costs in the total costs of steel enterprises;

[0165] —The total cost of steel enterprises under the original statistical method, excluding carbon costs.

[0166] Step four involves designing a systematic management method for carbon costs of steel enterprises, targeting three dimensions: real-time management, event management, and annual management.

[0167] ① Real-time management: Implement carbon cost and its proportion through supervision and management, design activity data parameters and upper and lower limits of result range, and implement tracking and monitoring; real-time management categories include fossil fuels, industrial process materials, and purchased electricity and purchased heat;

[0168]

[0169] In the formula, The carbon cost for the j-th category of "real-time management dimension" has been obtained from the calculation model mentioned above;

[0170] This represents the carbon cost of the j-th "real-time management dimension" corresponding to the unit crude steel output of an iron and steel enterprise;

[0171] This indicates the crude steel output of the steel company;

[0172] Design carbon cost management scope In the formula , These represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the carbon cost for the j-th "real-time management dimension" corresponding to a unit of crude steel production, respectively;

[0173] ② Event Management: By setting the final goal and intermediate process goals and limitations for the events that occur, the achievement of the final goal is guaranteed; this invention specifically adopts pre-event prediction management, in-event monitoring management, and post-event review and iterative management for processing.

[0174] Pre-event forecasting management: Based on historical industry data, obtain the industry average carbon cost for each event for the company. Based on this average, predictive management is carried out for upcoming events.

[0175] Monitoring and management during events: Based on the company's own conditions, for events that need to be completed in phases, design the corresponding indicators for the i-th project phase, and monitor and manage the phases in real time;

[0176] Post-event review and iterative management: Implement judgment, if This indicates that the steel company's implementation of the measures in this incident did not exceed the standards; if This indicates that the steel company's implementation of the project exceeded expectations, and it is necessary to report the incident to the police, analyze the reasons, and archive the data to ensure that similar projects are completed more reasonably in the future.

[0177] ③ Annual Management: Implementing total carbon cost management for steel enterprises Target control, design carbon cost as a percentage Compared to control range Constraints are in place to ensure that enterprises meet the requirements for annual carbon cost management and to ensure the progress of their dual-carbon business; among which, and These represent the lower and upper limits for controlling the proportion of total carbon costs for steel enterprises, respectively.

[0178] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The systematic carbon cost model and management method for steel enterprises establishes a multi-level and multi-dimensional systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises, achieving full coverage of the upstream supply chain stage, off-site transportation stage, and production and manufacturing stage. This comprehensively addresses domestic and international carbon markets and carbon finance, carbon reduction projects, and management platform construction. Furthermore, it designs a multi-dimensional integrated management system and method for carbon costs of steel enterprises, helping them implement effective carbon cost management and ensuring the core objective of carbon cost control. Attached Figure Description

[0179] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon cost system for steel enterprises according to the present invention.

[0180] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the systematic management method for carbon costs of steel enterprises according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0181] To address the current problem that enterprises lack sufficient understanding of carbon costs and are unable to comprehensively monitor and manage them, this invention designs a systematic model for carbon cost management in steel enterprises, achieving full coverage of carbon costs for steel enterprises. Furthermore, it designs and implements carbon cost management to achieve the carbon reduction management goals of steel enterprises.

[0182] The specific steps of this invention are described in detail. The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises includes:

[0183] Step 1: Construct a multi-dimensional carbon cost system framework for steel enterprises.

[0184] This invention comprehensively summarizes the systematic composition of carbon costs in steel enterprises (such as...) Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the total carbon cost of steel enterprises is summarized into eight aspects, which are then modeled separately. These are broadly categorized into eight core types: enterprise GHG carbon emission costs, carbon reduction and decarbonization project costs, carbon asset-related costs, international carbon market carbon costs, third-party certification service carbon costs, dual-carbon platform construction carbon costs, carbon employee system carbon costs, and carbon finance business carbon costs, thus forming a comprehensive carbon cost system architecture.

[0185] Step two: Establish standardized carbon cost calculation models in modules; construct quantitative accounting models for each of the eight major carbon cost categories:

[0186] ① The carbon emission cost of GHG is broken down into direct carbon cost, indirect carbon cost, and upstream and downstream carbon cost, and calculation formulas are established based on activity data, emission factors, and segmented carbon prices respectively.

[0187] ② For carbon reduction projects, the annual amortized cost is calculated based on investment, operation and maintenance personnel, operating energy consumption, and annual carbon reduction benefits;

[0188] ③Establish carbon asset revenue and expenditure accounting models according to different scenarios of carbon quota issuance, purchase, sale, carry-over and CCER trading;

[0189] ④ Calculate the compliance costs in the international carbon market by combining implicit carbon emissions from exports, international carbon tariffs, free allowances, and domestic carbon costs already paid;

[0190] ⑤ Annual costs of third-party services such as data collection platform testing, carbon reporting, EPD, CBAM, greenhouse gas verification, and carbon training;

[0191] ⑥ Calculate the annual construction cost of the dual-carbon platform based on the phased investment amount and the number of years of operation;

[0192] ⑦ Calculate the annual management cost of carbon employees based on their carbon management positions within the company and its branches, taking into account salary and performance coefficients;

[0193] ⑧ Distinguish between three scenarios: normal repayment, asset settlement, and full debt settlement, and establish a carbon finance business cost model;

[0194] By aggregating and coupling eight categories of costs, a calculation model for the company's total annual carbon cost and carbon cost percentage is formed.

[0195] 1. Carbon cost of GHG emissions from steel enterprises

[0196] This type of carbon cost includes three categories: the first category is the direct carbon cost of steel enterprises, including fossil fuel carbon cost and industrial production material carbon cost (referring to carbonates, electrodes, and carbon-containing raw materials, which can be referred to as "industrial production"); the second category is the carbon cost of purchased electricity and purchased heat; and the third category is the carbon cost of the supply chain, green logistics carbon cost, waste disposal carbon cost, and co-product carbon cost. Carbon cost accounting modeling is conducted based on carbon activity data of steel enterprises and carbon market prices.

[0197] ① Direct carbon costs in the carbon costs of GHG emissions from steel enterprises:

[0198] (1)

[0199] In the formula, —Direct carbon costs for steel companies;

[0200] —The total carbon cost of fossil fuels for steel companies;

[0201] —The total carbon cost of industrial production for steel companies.

[0202] a. Fossil fuel carbon cost calculation model

[0203] (2)

[0204] In the formula, —Activity data for fossil fuels of type i;

[0205] —Emission factor corresponding to the i-th type of fossil fuel;

[0206] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions.

[0207] This invention designs the carbon price cost It is a piecewise function, and the calculation model is shown in equation (3):

[0208] (3)

[0209] ●When a company is selling carbon allowances to the carbon market =The price of carbon when trading on the carbon market;

[0210] ●When a company is purchasing carbon allowances from the carbon market =The price of purchasing carbon allowances from the carbon market;

[0211] ●When a company is in the overdue stage of failing to complete its carbon compliance. =Carbon compensation price for companies held accountable for compliance.

[0212] b. Industrial production carbon cost calculation model:

[0213] (4)

[0214] In the formula, —Activity data for the i-th type of industrial production materials;

[0215] —Emission factor corresponding to the i-th type of industrial production material;

[0216] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; the calculation formula is the same as described above.

[0217] ② Indirect carbon costs in the carbon costs of GHG emissions from steel enterprises:

[0218] (5)

[0219] In the formula, —Indirect carbon costs for steel companies;

[0220] —The total carbon cost of purchased electricity for steel companies;

[0221] —The total carbon cost of purchased heat for steel companies.

[0222] (6)

[0223] In the formula, —Electricity consumption data of steel enterprises;

[0224] —Emission factor corresponding to the electricity consumption of steel enterprises in the i-th power region of my country;

[0225] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; the calculation formula is the same as described above.

[0226] my country's power regions are divided into North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, Northwest China, Western China, and Southwest China.

[0227] (7)

[0228] In the formula, —Data on the i-th type of heat consumption activity of steel enterprises, where i = steam, hot water;

[0229] —Emission factor corresponding to the i-th type of heat for steel enterprises;

[0230] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; the calculation formula is the same as described above.

[0231] ③ Upstream and downstream carbon costs in the carbon costs of GHG emissions from steel enterprises:

[0232] This type of carbon cost includes supply chain carbon cost, green logistics carbon cost (i.e., upstream transportation stage carbon cost), waste treatment carbon cost, and co-product carbon cost. The calculation model is shown in equation (8):

[0233] (8)

[0234] In the formula, —Carbon costs related to upstream and downstream steel enterprises;

[0235] —Supply chain carbon costs of steel companies purchasing raw and auxiliary materials from upstream stages;

[0236] —Transportation carbon costs of raw and auxiliary materials purchased by steel companies in the upstream transportation stage;

[0237] —The carbon cost of waste disposal for steel companies;

[0238] Carbon costs associated with symbiotic products of steel companies.

[0239] a. Supply chain carbon costs

[0240] (9)

[0241] In the formula, —Activity data of the i-th type of purchased materials by steel enterprises;

[0242] —Emission factors corresponding to the upstream mining and production stages of the i-th category of purchased materials;

[0243] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; the calculation formula is the same as described above.

[0244] b. Carbon costs of green logistics

[0245] (10)

[0246] In the formula, —Activity data for Category i purchased materials by steel enterprises, which need to be transported to steel enterprises;

[0247] —The transportation distance from the j-th supplier of the i-th type of purchased materials to the steel enterprise, including rail transport, road transport, long-distance pipeline transport, shipping and air transport;

[0248] —Emission factor corresponding to the upstream transportation stage of the i-th category of purchased materials;

[0249] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; the calculation formula is the same as described above.

[0250] c. Carbon costs of waste treatment

[0251] (11)

[0252] In the formula, —Activity data of steel companies requiring the i-th type of waste disposal;

[0253] —Emission factor corresponding to type j treatment process for type i waste;

[0254] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; the calculation formula is the same as described above.

[0255] d. Carbon cost of symbiotic products

[0256] (12)

[0257] In the formula, —Activity data of the i-th type of symbiotic products of steel enterprises;

[0258] —Emission factor of the system extension method corresponding to the i-th type of symbiotic product;

[0259] —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; the calculation formula is the same as described above.

[0260] 2. Carbon cost of carbon reduction projects

[0261] In order to cope with their own carbon emissions, steel companies have implemented carbon reduction projects (CO2 capture and absorption), which has also incurred certain carbon costs.

[0262] The carbon cost of a carbon reduction project includes: project construction investment cost, operation and maintenance management personnel cost after project completion, direct carbon cost, indirect carbon cost, upstream and downstream carbon cost of project system operation, and carbon cost corresponding to the annual carbon reduction of project system operation. The above-mentioned costs are converted into annual carbon costs, and the calculation model is shown in equation (13).

[0263] (13)

[0264] In the formula, —Total carbon cost of carbon reduction projects;

[0265] —Total investment in the carbon reduction project;

[0266] —Total operating life of the carbon reduction project;

[0267] —The average salary of system operation and maintenance personnel after the completion of this carbon reduction project;

[0268] —The number of operation and maintenance personnel required after the carbon reduction project is completed;

[0269] , , —The handling of direct carbon costs, indirect carbon costs, and upstream and downstream carbon costs during the operation phase of the carbon reduction project is the same as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0270] 3. Carbon costs of carbon assets held by steel companies

[0271] The total carbon assets held by steel companies include: annual carbon allowances issued by the government, carbon market allowances purchased, carbon market CCERs purchased, carbon allowances carried over from the previous year, carbon allowances sold, and CCERs sold. Since steel companies buy and sell carbon allowances or CCERs at different stages depending on their own circumstances, and the unit prices of carbon market and CCER market fluctuate at different times, a calculation model is designed as shown in equation (14).

[0272] (14)

[0273] In the formula, —Steel companies receive annual carbon allowances from the government;

[0274] —The amount of carbon allowances that a steel company purchases from the carbon market for the i-th time;

[0275] —The amount of CCERs purchased by steel companies from the CCER market for the i-th time;

[0276] —The amount of carbon allowances that steel companies have carried over from the previous year to the current year;

[0277] —The amount of carbon allowances sold by steel companies to the carbon market in the i-th transaction;

[0278] —The volume of CCERs sold by steel companies to the CCER market for the ith time;

[0279] —The unit price of carbon allowances during the government's issuance of carbon allowances;

[0280] —The unit price of carbon allowances for the i-th carbon allowance purchase stage for steel companies;

[0281] —The unit price of CCER in the i-th CCER purchase stage by the steel company;

[0282] —The unit price during the carbon quota carryover phase;

[0283] —The unit price of carbon allowances sold by steel companies in the i-th stage of carbon allowance sales;

[0284] —The unit price of CCER in the i-th stage of a steel company's sale of CCER.

[0285] Note: When steel companies purchase carbon, the carbon price sign is positive in the calculation model; when they sell, the carbon price sign is negative.

[0286] 4. Carbon costs for steel companies participating in the international carbon market

[0287] The carbon cost for steel companies participating in the international carbon market refers to the international carbon tariffs (such as the EU CBAM) that they need to bear when exporting their products to other countries, which are presented in the form of carbon costs. The design calculation model is shown in equation (15).

[0288] (15)

[0289] In the formula, —The carbon costs that steel companies should face due to international carbon tariffs;

[0290] —The total implicit emissions of steel companies' products exported to a certain country in the international community;

[0291] —The amount of free import quotas granted by a certain country to its domestic importing companies;

[0292] —The quantity of products exported by a steel company to a certain country in the international community;

[0293] —When a steel company exports to a certain country, the carbon price in that country (such as the price of a CBAM certificate).

[0294] —Carbon prices already paid domestically by steel companies to ensure product exports. These payments must be actually and effectively made domestically, and the steel company applicant must retain relevant supporting documentation.

[0295] 5. Carbon costs of third-party certification services for steel companies

[0296] The underlying logic and system of the dual-carbon platform built by steel enterprises, including commissioned testing, carbon emission reporting functions, product carbon footprint module algorithms and product carbon reporting functions, EPD reporting functions, CBAM reporting functions, greenhouse gas (GHG) verification, and various carbon training programs for steel enterprises, all require corresponding services from authoritative third-party institutions, which in turn generate carbon costs for third-party certification services for steel enterprises. The design calculation model is shown in equation (16).

[0297] (16)

[0298] In the formula, —The total carbon cost for steel companies to conduct third-party certification services annually;

[0299] —Commissioned testing of the underlying logic and system of the constructed dual-carbon platform; i—the i-th construction cycle stage of the annual carbon platform project; the same applies below, and will not be repeated.

[0300] —The cost for a third-party authoritative organization to complete the carbon reporting function of the carbon sector;

[0301] —The cost of third-party authoritative certification for the product's carbon segment algorithm compliance;

[0302] —The cost of a third-party authoritative organization completing the carbon reporting function of the product's carbon module;

[0303] —The cost of third-party authoritative institutions helping steel companies complete EPD reports;

[0304] —The cost of third-party authoritative organizations helping steel companies complete CBAM reports;

[0305] —The cost of third-party authoritative verification of greenhouse gas emissions from steel companies;

[0306] —The carbon cost of third-party authoritative services for various carbon training programs for steel companies.

[0307] 6. Carbon costs of building a dual-carbon platform for steel enterprises

[0308] (17)

[0309] In the formula, —Total carbon cost of dual-carbon platform projects for steel enterprises;

[0310] —Investment amount for Phase i of the dual-carbon platform project for steel enterprises;

[0311] —The planned operating life of the dual-carbon platform to be built.

[0312] 7. Carbon Costs of Carbon Employee Systems in Steel Enterprises

[0313] Carbon employees in steel enterprises refer to personnel who specialize in carbon management, specifically including: enterprise-level carbon administrators, product carbon administrators in the production and manufacturing department, organizational carbon administrators in the energy and environmental department, carbon asset administrators in the energy and environmental department, CBAM administrators in the sales department, and carbon administrators at the branch plant level. Taking a long-process steel enterprise as an example, it includes sintering branch plant, pelletizing branch plant, coking branch plant, ironmaking branch plant, converter steelmaking branch plant, electric arc furnace steelmaking branch plant, refining branch plant, continuous casting branch plant, hot rolling branch plant, cold rolling branch plant, thermal power branch plant, and other auxiliary plants. The carbon cost calculation model for the carbon employee system of steel enterprises is shown in equation (17).

[0314] (18)

[0315] In the formula, —The total carbon cost of a carbon employee system for steel companies;

[0316] —The salary of enterprise-level carbon management personnel;

[0317] , , , —Salaries of Product Carbon Administrator i in Production and Manufacturing Department, Organizational Carbon Administrator i in Energy and Environment Department, Carbon Asset Administrator i in Energy and Environment Department, and CBAM Administrator i in Sales Department;

[0318] , , , —The wages of carbon administrator i in the sintering plant, carbon administrator i in the pelletizing plant, carbon administrator i in the coking plant, and carbon administrator i in the ironmaking plant;

[0319] , , , —The wages of carbon administrator i in the converter steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the electric arc furnace steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the refining branch, and carbon administrator i in the continuous casting branch;

[0320] , —The wages of carbon administrator i in the hot rolling mill and carbon administrator i in the cold rolling mill;

[0321] , —The wages of carbon manager i in the thermal power plant and carbon manager i in the auxiliary process;

[0322] —Annual salary performance coefficient for enterprise-level carbon management personnel;

[0323] , , , —The salary performance coefficients for Product Carbon Administrator i in the Production and Manufacturing Department, Organizational Carbon Administrator i in the Energy and Environment Department, Carbon Asset Administrator i in the Energy and Environment Department, and CBAM Administrator i in the Sales Department;

[0324] , , , —The wage performance coefficients for carbon administrator i in the sintering plant, carbon administrator i in the pelletizing plant, carbon administrator i in the coking plant, and carbon administrator i in the ironmaking plant;

[0325] , , , —The wage performance coefficients for carbon administrator i in the converter steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the electric arc furnace steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the refining branch, and carbon administrator i in the continuous casting branch.

[0326] , —Performance coefficients of carbon administrator i in hot rolling mill and carbon administrator i in cold rolling mill;

[0327] , —Performance coefficients of carbon administrator i in the thermal power plant and carbon administrator i in the auxiliary process.

[0328] Note: The "carbon workforce system for steel enterprises" considered does not include the operation and maintenance personnel after the completion of carbon reduction projects as discussed in "2. Carbon Costs of Carbon Reduction Projects" above. This is because the personnel for newly built projects are already included in the carbon cost model for newly built carbon reduction projects. Therefore, they will not be calculated again here.

[0329] 8. Carbon Costs of Carbon Finance for Steel Enterprises

[0330] Carbon finance for steel companies mainly refers to loan business through corporate carbon credit lines. First, the company submits a carbon asset-backed loan application to a financial institution. After loan assessment, loan approval, contract signing, and loan disbursement, the company uses the loan to achieve its own benefits and development. Finally, the company repays the loan and recovers the mortgaged carbon assets. If the company fails to repay the debt under the loan contract, the financial institution can dispose of the mortgaged carbon assets according to relevant regulations or agreed methods. The funds obtained will be used to repay the loan principal and interest, and any remaining funds will be returned to the company. If this is still insufficient, the company will be required to continue repayment.

[0331] The specific costs that steel companies need to consider vary depending on their loan debt levels, and the impact on their carbon business also differs. Specifically: ① When steel companies can repay their carbon finance-related loan debts directly, the pledged carbon assets can be recovered directly without affecting subsequent carbon compliance. ② When the direct repayment amount is insufficient to repay the carbon finance-related loan debts, the pledged carbon assets will be partially or fully sold to repay the debt. This situation will directly lead to a severe shortage of carbon assets for steel companies, making it impossible to guarantee carbon compliance. They will need to immediately consider purchasing carbon allowances or CCERs through the carbon trading market to ensure carbon compliance. ③ When repaying carbon finance debts with all carbon assets is still insufficient, steel companies will need to passively pay the remaining loan principal and interest shortfall, while simultaneously making every effort to purchase carbon assets to ensure carbon compliance.

[0332] Therefore, although both involve repaying loans from carbon finance institutions, the calculation model still needs to differentiate between different situations. The established carbon finance cost model for steel enterprises is shown in equation (19).

[0333] (19)

[0334] In the formula, —The total cost of carbon finance business for steel companies;

[0335] —The amount of repayment that steel companies voluntarily submit to financial institutions upon contract expiration;

[0336] —The total principal and interest of loans that steel companies need to repay to financial institutions upon contract expiration;

[0337] —The amount of carbon assets that steel companies have mortgaged to financial institutions;

[0338] —The market price per unit of carbon assets of steel enterprises when the contract expires.

[0339] , The coefficient is given by equations (20) and (21).

[0340] (20)

[0341] (twenty one)

[0342] 9. Total Carbon Cost Model for Steel Enterprises

[0343] Based on the above carbon costs, and unified with the annual statistical results, the total carbon cost calculation model for steel enterprises is obtained as shown in equation (22).

[0344] (twenty two)

[0345] In the formula, —Total carbon cost for steel companies.

[0346] The total carbon cost of steel enterprises includes the carbon cost of GHG emissions (including direct carbon cost, indirect carbon cost, and carbon cost of upstream and downstream supply chains), the carbon cost of carbon reduction projects, the carbon cost of holding carbon assets, the carbon cost of participating in the international carbon market, the carbon cost of third-party certification services, the carbon cost of building a dual-carbon platform, the carbon cost of the enterprise's carbon employee system, and the carbon cost of implementing carbon finance business.

[0347] In the new era of dual carbon, the carbon cost of steel enterprises is as shown in equation (23).

[0348] (twenty three)

[0349] In the formula, —The weight of carbon costs in the total costs of steel enterprises;

[0350] —The total cost of steel enterprises under the original statistical method, excluding carbon costs.

[0351] Step 3: Systematized comprehensive carbon cost management for steel enterprises.

[0352] As can be seen from the above-described systematic carbon cost model establishment process, carbon costs in steel enterprises are characterized by broad coverage, diverse time granularities, significant differences in personnel and business operations, and distribution across multiple levels. Given the demands for such multi-level management mechanisms, multi-dimensional management rules, and multi-coverage performance management systems, achieving comprehensive carbon cost management in steel enterprises presents a significant challenge. Therefore, this invention designs and implements comprehensive management through carbon cost classification to ensure the healthy operation of the carbon system and carbon costs within steel enterprises.

[0353] The management attributes are divided into three major control dimensions. All carbon costs are categorized into three types: real-time management, event management, and annual management. Carbon emissions from fuel, electricity, and heat generated concurrently with production are included in real-time management; single, irregular events such as project construction, carbon trading, certification services, and carbon finance are included in event management; and annual allowances, annual verification, and total corporate carbon cost inventory are included in the annual management dimension.

[0354] The multi-dimensional carbon cost classification analysis of steel enterprises involves statistical analysis of all the above-mentioned types of carbon costs. Based on the typical characteristics of each carbon cost, they can be categorized into three dimensions: real-time management, event management, and annual management, as shown in Table 1.

[0355] ① Direct carbon costs and indirect carbon costs occur during the steel production process and therefore fall under the real-time management dimension.

[0356] ② The costs of upstream and downstream procurement, construction of carbon reduction projects, cost of each carbon quota purchase, cost of each carbon quota sale, cost of each CCER purchase, cost of each CCER sale, cost of each participation in the international carbon market, acceptance testing and certification costs of the constructed system platform, cost of each real-time carbon training service, cost of building a dual-carbon platform, monthly carbon employee performance-based compensation, and carbon finance costs for each loan cycle all fall under the event management dimension. The characteristic of event management-based carbon costs is that they may occur several times a year or once every few years.

[0357] ③ The annual carbon allowances issued by the state to steel enterprises, the annual carry-over carbon allowances of enterprises, the annual organizational carbon report certification implemented by enterprises, the annual product carbon algorithm certification, the annual product carbon report certification, the annual EPD report certification, the CBAM accounting certification, the annual GHG verification service, and the annual total carbon cost of steel enterprises all fall under the annual management dimension.

[0358] Table 1. Three-Dimensional Statistical Table of Carbon Cost System for Steel Enterprises

[0359] Step 4: Implement systematic management and control across different dimensions

[0360] The design of a systematic carbon cost management strategy for steel enterprises addresses three dimensions of carbon cost management: real-time management, event management, and annual management. It outlines a systematic management approach for carbon costs in steel enterprises (e.g.,...). Figure 2 (As shown).

[0361] ① Real-time management: By monitoring and managing carbon costs and their proportions, designing activity data parameters and upper and lower limits for results, and implementing tracking and monitoring. Real-time management categories include fossil fuels, industrial process materials, and purchased electricity and heat.

[0362]

[0363] In the formula, The carbon cost for the j-th category of "real-time management dimension" has been obtained from the calculation model mentioned above;

[0364] This represents the carbon cost of the j-th "real-time management dimension" corresponding to the unit crude steel output of an iron and steel enterprise;

[0365] This indicates the crude steel output of the steel company.

[0366] Design carbon cost management scope In the formula , These represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the carbon cost for the j-th "real-time management dimension" corresponding to a unit of crude steel production, respectively.

[0367] ② Event Management: By setting the final goal and intermediate process goals and limitations for each event, the achievement of the final goal is ensured. Specifically, this invention employs pre-event prediction management, in-event monitoring management, and post-event review and iterative management.

[0368] Pre-event forecasting management: Based on historical industry data, obtain the industry average carbon cost for each event for the company. Based on this average, predictive management is carried out for upcoming events.

[0369] Monitoring and management during events: Based on the company's own conditions, for events that need to be completed in phases, design the corresponding indicators for the i-th project phase, and monitor and manage them in real time.

[0370] Post-event review and iterative management: Implement judgment, if This indicates that the steel company's implementation of the measures in this incident did not exceed the standards; if This indicates that the steel company's implementation of the project exceeded expectations, requiring a police report and analysis of the reasons for the incident, which should be archived to ensure a more reasonable completion of similar projects in the future.

[0371] ③ Annual Management: Implementing total carbon cost management for steel enterprises Target control, design carbon cost as a percentage Compared to control range Constraints are in place to ensure that enterprises meet the requirements for annual carbon cost management and to ensure the smooth progress of their dual-carbon business. Among these constraints... and These represent the lower and upper limits for controlling the proportion of total carbon costs for steel companies, respectively. Other types of "Annual Management" items are handled in the same way as total carbon costs and will not be repeated here.

[0372] Step 5: Detailed Implementation and Application

[0373] Steel companies can further refine carbon cost models and control indicators to branch plants, workshops, raw material categories and processes according to their own management needs, so as to achieve refined carbon cost accounting, analysis and routine control from the whole enterprise to the local process, support steel companies in carbon emission reduction and lean carbon cost management, and better implement corporate carbon cost management and application.

Claims

1. A systematic model for carbon cost management in steel enterprises, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct a multi-dimensional carbon cost system framework for steel enterprises; The system systematically analyzes the carbon cost composition of the entire business chain of steel enterprises and divides it into eight core categories: enterprise GHG carbon emission costs, carbon reduction and carbon reduction project costs, carbon asset-related costs, international carbon market carbon costs, third-party certification service carbon costs, dual-carbon platform construction carbon costs, carbon employee system carbon costs, and carbon finance business carbon costs, thereby forming a comprehensive carbon cost system architecture. Step 2: Establish standardized carbon cost calculation models in modules; construct quantitative accounting models for each of the eight major carbon cost categories: ① The carbon emission cost of GHG is broken down into direct carbon cost, indirect carbon cost, and upstream and downstream carbon cost, and calculation formulas are established based on activity data, emission factors, and segmented carbon prices respectively. ② For carbon reduction projects, the annual amortized cost is calculated based on investment, operation and maintenance personnel, operating energy consumption, and annual carbon reduction benefits; ③Establish carbon asset revenue and expenditure accounting models according to different scenarios of carbon quota issuance, purchase, sale, carry-over and CCER trading; ④ Calculate the compliance costs in the international carbon market by combining implicit carbon emissions from exports, international carbon tariffs, free allowances, and domestic carbon costs already paid; ⑤ Annual costs of third-party services such as data collection platform testing, carbon reporting, EPD, CBAM, greenhouse gas verification, and carbon training; ⑥ Calculate the annual construction cost of the dual-carbon platform based on the phased investment amount and the number of years of operation; ⑦ Calculate the annual management cost of carbon employees based on their carbon management positions within the company and its branches, taking into account salary and performance coefficients; ⑧ Distinguish between three scenarios: normal repayment, asset settlement, and full debt settlement, and establish a carbon finance business cost model; By summarizing and coupling the eight major cost categories, a calculation model for the company's annual total carbon cost and carbon cost percentage is formed. Step 3: Divide the management attributes into three major control dimensions; All carbon costs are categorized into three types: real-time management, event management, and annual management. Carbon emissions from fuel, electricity, and heat generated concurrently with production are included in real-time management; one-off, irregular events such as project construction, carbon trading, certification services, and carbon finance are included in event management; and annual allowances, annual audits, and total corporate carbon cost inventory are included in the annual management dimension. Step 4: Implement systematic management and control across different dimensions; ① Real-time management: Set upper and lower limits for the carbon cost per unit of crude steel, monitor online in real time, and issue timely warnings and control measures if the limits are exceeded; ②Event Management: Adopt a closed-loop management model of pre-event industry average prediction, in-event phased indicator monitoring, and post-event review and iteration, and trace and optimize the source of exceeding the standard; ③ Annual Management: Set control ranges for total carbon costs and the proportion of each item, conduct annual benchmarking and verification, and ensure that the overall carbon costs of the enterprise are controllable; Step 5: Refine the implementation details at each level; The carbon cost model and control indicators are further refined to the level of branch plants, workshops, raw material categories and processes, so as to achieve refined carbon cost accounting, analysis and routine control from the whole enterprise to the local process, and support the steel enterprise in carbon emission reduction and lean carbon cost management.

2. The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step two involves creating a carbon cost accounting model based on carbon activity data of steel enterprises and carbon market prices. ① Direct carbon costs in the carbon costs of GHG emissions from steel enterprises: （1） In the formula, —Direct carbon costs for steel companies; —The total carbon cost of fossil fuels for steel companies; —The total carbon cost of industrial production for steel companies; a. Fossil fuel carbon cost calculation model （2） In the formula, —Activity data for fossil fuels of type i; —Emission factor corresponding to the i-th type of fossil fuel; —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; This invention designs the carbon price cost It is a piecewise function, and the calculation model is shown in equation (3): （3） b. Industrial production carbon cost calculation model: （4） In the formula, —Activity data for the i-th type of industrial production materials; —Emission factor corresponding to the i-th type of industrial production material; —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; ② Indirect carbon costs in the carbon costs of GHG emissions from steel enterprises: （5） In the formula, —Indirect carbon costs for steel companies; —The total carbon cost of purchased electricity for steel companies; —The total carbon cost of purchased heat for steel companies; （6） In the formula, —Electricity consumption data of steel enterprises; —Emission factor corresponding to the electricity consumption of steel enterprises in the i-th power region of my country; —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; （7） In the formula, —Data on the i-th type of heat consumption activity of steel enterprises, where i = steam, hot water; —Emission factor corresponding to the i-th type of heat for steel enterprises; —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; ③ Upstream and downstream carbon costs in the carbon costs of GHG emissions from steel enterprises: （8） In the formula, —Carbon costs related to upstream and downstream steel enterprises; —Supply chain carbon costs of steel companies purchasing raw and auxiliary materials from upstream stages; —Transportation carbon costs of raw and auxiliary materials purchased by steel companies in the upstream transportation stage; —The carbon cost of waste disposal for steel companies; Carbon costs associated with symbiotic products of steel enterprises; a. Supply chain carbon costs （9） In the formula, —Activity data of the i-th type of purchased materials by steel enterprises; —Emission factors corresponding to the upstream mining and production stages of the i-th category of purchased materials; —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; b. Carbon costs of green logistics （10） In the formula, —Activity data for Category i purchased materials by steel enterprises, which need to be transported to steel enterprises; —The transportation distance from the j-th supplier of the i-th type of purchased materials to the steel enterprise, including rail transport, road transport, long-distance pipeline transport, shipping and air transport; —Emission factor corresponding to the upstream transportation stage of the i-th category of purchased materials; —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; c. Carbon costs of waste treatment （11） In the formula, —Activity data of steel companies requiring the i-th type of waste disposal; —Emission factor corresponding to type j treatment process for type i waste; —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions; d. Carbon cost of symbiotic products （12） In the formula, —Activity data of the i-th type of symbiotic products of steel enterprises; —Emission factor of the system extension method corresponding to the i-th type of symbiotic product; —The carbon price cost per unit of carbon emissions.

3. The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon cost composition of the carbon reduction project in step two includes: project construction investment cost, operation and maintenance management personnel cost after project completion, direct carbon cost, indirect carbon cost, upstream and downstream carbon cost of project system operation, and carbon cost corresponding to the annual carbon reduction of project system operation; convert the above-mentioned costs into annual carbon cost, and the calculation model is shown in equation (13); （13） In the formula, —Total carbon cost of carbon reduction projects; —Total investment in the carbon reduction project; —Total operating life of the carbon reduction project; —The average salary of system operation and maintenance personnel after the completion of this carbon reduction project; —The number of operation and maintenance personnel required after the carbon reduction project is completed; , , —The direct carbon costs, indirect carbon costs, and upstream and downstream carbon costs corresponding to the operational phase of the system built for this carbon reduction project.

4. The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second step is the carbon cost of carbon assets held by steel companies. The total carbon assets held by steel companies include: annual carbon allowances issued by the government to the companies, carbon market allowances purchased, carbon market CCERs purchased, carbon allowances carried over from the previous year by steel companies, carbon allowances sold, and CCERs sold. Since steel companies will buy and sell carbon allowances or CCERs at different stages according to their own circumstances, the unit price of carbon market and CCER market will fluctuate at different times. The calculation model is designed as shown in equation (14). （14） In the formula, —Steel companies receive annual carbon allowances from the government; —The amount of carbon allowances that a steel company purchases from the carbon market for the i-th time; —The amount of CCERs purchased by steel companies from the CCER market for the i-th time; —The amount of carbon allowances that steel companies have carried over from the previous year to the current year; —The amount of carbon allowances sold by steel companies to the carbon market in the i-th transaction; —The volume of CCERs sold by steel companies to the CCER market for the ith time; —The unit price of carbon allowances during the government's issuance of carbon allowances; —The unit price of carbon allowances for the i-th carbon allowance purchase stage for steel companies; —The unit price of CCER in the i-th CCER purchase stage by the steel company; —The unit price during the carbon quota carryover phase; —The unit price of carbon allowances sold by steel companies in the i-th stage of carbon allowance sales; —The unit price of CCER in the i-th stage of a steel company's sale of CCER.

5. The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, the carbon cost of steel companies participating in the international carbon market refers to the international carbon tariffs that the company must bear when exporting its products to other countries, which are presented in the form of carbon costs; the calculation model is designed as shown in equation (15); （15） In the formula, —The carbon costs that steel companies should face due to international carbon tariffs; —The total implicit emissions of steel companies' products exported to a certain country in the international community; —The amount of free import quotas granted by a certain country to its domestic importing companies; —The quantity of products exported by a steel company to a certain country in the international community; —When a steel company exports to a certain country, the carbon price in that country (such as the price of a CBAM certificate). —The carbon price that steel companies have already paid domestically to ensure product exports.

6. The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step two, the carbon cost calculation model for third-party certification services for steel enterprises: （16） In the formula, —The total carbon cost for steel companies to conduct third-party certification services annually; —Conduct underlying logic and system commissioned testing on the constructed dual-carbon platform; i—The i-th construction cycle stage of the annual carbon platform project. The same applies below, and will not be repeated. —The cost for a third-party authoritative organization to complete the carbon reporting function of the carbon sector; —The cost of third-party authoritative certification for the product's carbon segment algorithm compliance; —The cost of a third-party authoritative organization completing the carbon reporting function of the product's carbon module; —The cost of third-party authoritative institutions helping steel companies complete EPD reports; —The cost of third-party authoritative organizations helping steel companies complete CBAM reports; —The cost of third-party authoritative verification of greenhouse gas emissions from steel companies; —The carbon cost of third-party authoritative services for various carbon training programs for steel companies; Meanwhile, the carbon cost calculation model for the construction of dual-carbon platforms in steel enterprises: （17） In the formula, —Total carbon cost of dual-carbon platform projects for steel enterprises; —Investment amount for Phase i of the dual-carbon platform project for steel enterprises; —The planned operating life of the dual-carbon platform to be built.

7. The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, the carbon cost calculation model of the carbon employee system of steel enterprises is shown in equation (17); （18） In the formula, —The total carbon cost of a carbon employee system for steel companies; —The salary of enterprise-level carbon management personnel; , , , —Salaries of Product Carbon Administrator i in Production and Manufacturing Department, Organizational Carbon Administrator i in Energy and Environment Department, Carbon Asset Administrator i in Energy and Environment Department, and CBAM Administrator i in Sales Department; , , , —The wages of carbon administrator i in the sintering plant, carbon administrator i in the pelletizing plant, carbon administrator i in the coking plant, and carbon administrator i in the ironmaking plant; , , , —The wages of carbon administrator i in the converter steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the electric arc furnace steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the refining branch, and carbon administrator i in the continuous casting branch; , —The wages of carbon administrator i in the hot rolling mill and carbon administrator i in the cold rolling mill; , —The wages of carbon manager i in the thermal power plant and carbon manager i in the auxiliary process; —Annual salary performance coefficient for enterprise-level carbon management personnel; , , , —The salary performance coefficients for Product Carbon Administrator i in the Production and Manufacturing Department, Organizational Carbon Administrator i in the Energy and Environment Department, Carbon Asset Administrator i in the Energy and Environment Department, and CBAM Administrator i in the Sales Department; , , , —The wage performance coefficients for carbon administrator i in the sintering plant, carbon administrator i in the pelletizing plant, carbon administrator i in the coking plant, and carbon administrator i in the ironmaking plant; , , , —The wage performance coefficients for carbon administrator i in the converter steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the electric arc furnace steelmaking branch, carbon administrator i in the refining branch, and carbon administrator i in the continuous casting branch. , —Performance coefficients of carbon administrator i in hot rolling mill and carbon administrator i in cold rolling mill; , —Performance coefficients of carbon administrator i in the thermal power plant and carbon administrator i in the auxiliary process.

8. The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step two, the carbon cost of carbon finance for steel enterprises; carbon finance for steel enterprises mainly refers to loan business through corporate carbon credit limits, and the established carbon finance cost model for steel enterprises is shown in equation (19). （19） In the formula, —The total cost of carbon finance business for steel companies; —The amount of repayment that steel companies voluntarily submit to financial institutions upon contract expiration; —The total principal and interest of loans that steel companies need to repay to financial institutions upon contract expiration; —The amount of carbon assets that steel companies have mortgaged to financial institutions; —The market price of carbon assets of steel companies when the contract expires; In the above formula , For the coefficient, the specific calculation model is shown in equations (20) and (21); （20） （21）。 9. The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step two, the total carbon cost model for steel enterprises; based on various carbon costs and unified to the annual statistical results, the total carbon cost calculation model for steel enterprises is obtained as shown in equation (22): （22） In the formula, —Total carbon cost for steel companies; The carbon cost ratio of steel enterprises is shown in equation (23); （23） In the formula, —The weight of carbon costs in the total costs of steel enterprises; —The total cost of steel enterprises under the original statistical method, excluding carbon costs.

10. The method for establishing and managing a systematic carbon cost model for steel enterprises according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step four involves designing a systematic management method for carbon costs of steel enterprises, targeting three dimensions: real-time management, event management, and annual management. ① Real-time management: Implement carbon cost and its proportion through supervision and management, design activity data parameters and upper and lower limits of result range, and implement tracking and monitoring; real-time management categories include fossil fuels, industrial process materials, and purchased electricity and purchased heat; ， In the formula, The carbon cost of the j-th category "real-time management dimension" has been obtained from the calculation model above; This represents the carbon cost of the j-th "real-time management dimension" corresponding to the unit crude steel output of an iron and steel enterprise; This indicates the crude steel output of the steel company; Design carbon cost management scope In the formula , These represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the carbon cost for the j-th "real-time management dimension" corresponding to a unit of crude steel production, respectively; ② Event Management: By setting the final goal and intermediate process goals and limitations for the events that occur, the achievement of the final goal is guaranteed; this invention specifically adopts pre-event prediction management, in-event monitoring management, and post-event review and iterative management for processing. Pre-event forecasting management: Based on historical industry data, obtain the industry average carbon cost for each event for the company. Based on this average, predictive management is carried out for upcoming events. Monitoring and management during events: Based on the company's own conditions, for events that need to be completed in phases, design the corresponding indicators for the i-th project phase, and monitor and manage the phases in real time; Post-event review and iterative management: Implement judgment, if This indicates that the steel company's implementation of the measures in this incident did not exceed the standards; if This indicates that the steel company's implementation of the project exceeded expectations, and it is necessary to report the incident to the police, analyze the reasons, and archive the data to ensure that similar projects are completed more reasonably in the future. ③ Annual Management: Implementing total carbon cost management for steel enterprises Target control, design carbon cost as a percentage Compared to control range Constraints are in place to ensure that enterprises meet the requirements for annual carbon cost management and to ensure the progress of their dual-carbon business; among which, and These represent the lower and upper limits for controlling the proportion of total carbon costs for steel enterprises, respectively.

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