Fuel cell system online activation method, apparatus, device, and storage medium
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610939604.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-15
Smart Images
Figure CN122762733A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, specifically to an online activation method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium for a fuel cell system. Background Technology
[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells convert the Gibbs free energy portion of the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction, unaffected by the Carnot cycle effect, thus exhibiting high thermal efficiency. A typical automotive fuel cell system includes an air system, a hydrogen system, a cooling system, and a fuel cell stack. Using hydrogen as fuel, hydrogen and air are introduced into the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack respectively to produce electricity through chemical reactions. Currently, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are the most widely used in the automotive field. The hydrogen and air required for the fuel cell stack reaction are conducted into the gas diffusion layer through the bipolar plate anode and cathode flow fields, and then pass through the diffusion layer into the catalyst layer. Hydrogen is adsorbed by the anode catalyst particles and dissociates into protons and electrons. Protons, in the form of hydrated protons, pass through the proton exchange membrane to reach the cathode catalyst layer. Electrons cannot pass through the proton exchange membrane and can only reach the cathode from the external circuit electronic load. At the cathode catalyst layer, oxygen atoms, protons, and electrons undergo an electrochemical reaction under the action of the catalyst to produce water. Fuel cell systems operate under various conditions, including start-stop, variable load, and high-load operation. These operating conditions are prone to high potential, insufficient gas, and overheating, which can lead to performance degradation of the fuel cell stack. Regular activation of the fuel cell stack is necessary, typically using anoxic activation with a negative pressure. This involves reducing the voltage of each stack cell to 0.1V–0.3V and maintaining this voltage for a set time to allow for performance recovery. Current technologies primarily focus on stack or system-level activation. However, actual vehicle operating conditions are complex and varied, and existing solutions are not adapted to the specific operating scenarios of vehicles, resulting in insufficient adaptability for vehicle integration.
[0003] Therefore, in order to address the above problems and meet practical needs, an online activation technology for fuel cell systems is proposed. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this application is to provide an online activation method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for a fuel cell system. During vehicle operation, different activation cell voltages, corresponding activation times, and activation cycle numbers can be selected based on the vehicle's requested power, thus meeting the vehicle's power requirements while ensuring activation effectiveness and achieving instantaneous and imperceptible activation.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: In a first aspect, this application provides an online activation method for a fuel cell system, the method comprising the following steps: Control the target vehicle's fuel cell system to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single-cell voltage; The online activation process is executed cyclically according to a preset number of cycles; among which, The online activation process includes the following steps: Lock the current stack operating current as the initial current, and set the air flow rate, air pressure, and hydrogen pressure; Set compensation for fan speed, drainage, nitrogen discharge, and hydrogen return pump speed; The DC / DC converter enters constant voltage mode to apply current until the voltage of a single cell in the fuel cell stack continuously meets the activation voltage of the single cell within a preset voltage duration.
[0006] Based on the above technical solution, the method further includes the following steps: Obtain the full vehicle map information of the target vehicle, analyze the vehicle's driving path, and determine whether the target vehicle will encounter uphill road conditions in the future driving time or future driving mileage. If there is an uphill road condition, the operation will be terminated; otherwise, the target fuel cell system will be controlled to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single-cell voltage.
[0007] Based on the above technical solution, before the target fuel cell system enters the stack activation state and obtains the set stack activation single-cell voltage, the method further includes a fuel cell system activation state determination process, which includes the following steps: When the target vehicle is operating in its full-vehicle fuel cell mode, it receives information on the fuel cell stack activation requirements. When the operating time of the vehicle's fuel cell mode is greater than the preset operating time setting value, the target vehicle's power battery SOC is within the preset power battery SOC setting range, the target vehicle's hydrogen storage SOC is greater than the preset hydrogen storage setting value, the target vehicle's current speed is greater than the preset speed setting value, and the target vehicle's coolant temperature is greater than the preset coolant temperature setting value, the activation voltage of the fuel cell stack is selected based on the vehicle's power requirements.
[0008] Based on the above technical solution, the online activation process, which is executed cyclically according to a preset number of cycles, includes the following steps: When the rate of decrease between the current stack voltage and the stack voltage after the last activation of the target vehicle's fuel cell system reaches a preset voltage decrease rate threshold, online activation is performed based on the single-cell activation voltage of the stack. When the rate of increase between the current stack impedance of the target vehicle's fuel cell system and the stack impedance after the last activation reaches a preset impedance increase rate threshold, online activation is performed based on the stack activation single-cell voltage. When the time interval between the last activation reaches the activation time interval setting value, online activation is performed based on the activation single-chip voltage of the fuel cell stack.
[0009] Based on the above technical solution, the method further includes the following steps: When the target vehicle's parking time exceeds the set parking time threshold, the online activation process is determined based on the hydrogen storage capacity and the power battery capacity.
[0010] Based on the above technical solution, the vehicle's fuel cell mode operation time is set to 10 minutes; The SOC setting range of the power battery is 30%~70%; The hydrogen storage setting is 30%; The vehicle speed setting is 10km / h; The coolant temperature is set to 60°C.
[0011] Based on the above technical solution, the voltage duration is 60s.
[0012] Secondly, this application provides an online activation device for a fuel cell system, the device comprising: The fuel cell stack activation and start-up module is used to control the fuel cell system of the target vehicle to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single cell voltage. The fuel cell stack activation execution module is used to repeatedly execute the online activation process according to a preset number of cycles; among which, The online activation process includes the following steps: Lock the current stack operating current as the initial current, and set the air flow rate, air pressure, and hydrogen pressure; Set compensation for fan speed, drainage, nitrogen discharge, and hydrogen return pump speed; The DC / DC converter enters constant voltage mode to apply current until the voltage of a single cell in the fuel cell stack continuously meets the activation voltage of the single cell within a preset voltage duration.
[0013] Based on the above technical solution, the fuel cell stack activation and start-up module is also used to obtain the whole vehicle map information of the target vehicle, analyze the whole vehicle driving path, and determine whether the target vehicle has uphill road conditions in the future driving time or future driving mileage. The stack activation start-up module is also used to terminate the operation if there is an uphill road condition, and otherwise control the target fuel cell system to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single cell voltage.
[0014] Based on the above technical solution, the device further includes: The fuel cell stack activation preparation module is used to identify the target vehicle's overall fuel cell mode operation and receive fuel cell stack activation requirement information. The fuel cell stack activation preparation module is also used to select the single-cell activation voltage of the fuel cell stack based on the vehicle power requirements when the running time of the vehicle's fuel cell mode is greater than a preset vehicle fuel cell mode running time setting value, the target vehicle's power battery SOC is within a preset power battery SOC setting range, the target vehicle's hydrogen storage SOC is greater than a preset hydrogen storage setting value, the target vehicle's current speed is greater than a preset vehicle speed setting value, and the target vehicle's coolant temperature is greater than a preset coolant temperature setting value.
[0015] Based on the above technical solution, the stack activation execution module is also used to perform online activation based on the stack activation single-cell voltage when the rate of decrease between the current stack voltage and the stack voltage after the last activation of the target vehicle's fuel cell system reaches a preset voltage decrease rate setting threshold. The stack activation execution module is also used to perform online activation based on the stack activation single-cell voltage when the rate of increase between the current stack impedance of the target vehicle's fuel cell system and the stack impedance after the last activation reaches a preset impedance increase rate setting threshold. The fuel cell stack activation execution module is also used to perform online activation based on the single-chip voltage of the fuel cell stack when the running time interval of the last activation reaches the activation time interval set value.
[0016] Based on the above technical solution, the device further includes: The activation permission determination module is used to determine whether to allow the online activation process to be executed based on the hydrogen storage capacity and the power battery capacity when the parking time of the target vehicle exceeds the set parking time threshold.
[0017] Based on the above technical solution, the vehicle's fuel cell mode operation time is set to 10 minutes; The SOC setting range of the power battery is 30%~70%; The hydrogen storage setting is 30%; The vehicle speed setting is 10km / h; The coolant temperature is set to 60℃. Based on the above technical solution, the voltage duration is 60s.
[0018] Thirdly, this application provides an apparatus including a processor and a memory, the memory being coupled to the processor, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to perform the steps of the method mentioned in the first aspect.
[0019] Fourthly, this application provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method mentioned in the first aspect.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are: This application allows for the selection of different single-cell activation voltages, corresponding activation times, and activation cycle numbers based on the vehicle's requested power during operation. This satisfies the vehicle's power requirements while ensuring activation effectiveness, achieving instantaneous and imperceptible activation.
[0021] This application provides the selection of air pressure, hydrogen pressure, and air flow rate operating conditions under different initial activation currents during the online activation process of the fuel cell stack, thereby meeting the activation working conditions.
[0022] This application provides compensation strategies for different working objects during the online activation process of the fuel cell stack, including fan speed compensation, hydrogen return pump compensation, nitrogen venting valve cycle compensation, and drain valve cycle compensation, which avoid overheating, hydrogen shortage, and water flooding during high-current activation. Attached Figure Description
[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell hydrogen circulation system in the online activation method of the fuel cell system according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle controller system in the online activation method of the fuel cell system according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell system activation status determination process in the online activation method of the fuel cell system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell stack activation process in the online activation method for a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the activation single-cell voltage under different vehicle power in the online activation method of the fuel cell system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating conditions of different activation start-up stacks in the online activation method of the fuel cell system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating conditions of different activation start-up stacks in the online activation method of the fuel cell system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cyclic parameters for different activation cell voltages in the online activation method of the fuel cell system according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 This is a structural block diagram of the online activation device for a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0026] The embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0027] This application provides an online activation method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for a fuel cell system. During vehicle operation, different activation cell voltages, corresponding activation times, and activation cycle numbers can be selected based on the vehicle's requested power, thus meeting the vehicle's power requirements while ensuring activation effectiveness and achieving instantaneous and imperceptible activation.
[0028] To achieve the aforementioned technical effects, the overall concept of this application is as follows: An online activation method for a fuel cell system, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Control the target vehicle's fuel cell system to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single-cell voltage; S2. Execute the online activation process repeatedly according to the preset number of cycles; among which, The cyclic activation process includes the following steps: A1. Lock the current stack operating current as the initial current, and set the air flow rate, air pressure, and hydrogen pressure; A2. Set fan speed compensation, drainage compensation, nitrogen discharge compensation, and hydrogen return pump speed compensation; A3, DC / DC enters constant voltage mode to apply current load until the voltage of a single cell in the fuel cell stack continuously meets the activation voltage of the single cell in the fuel cell stack for a preset voltage duration.
[0029] The embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0030] Firstly, see [the following] Figures 1-8 As shown in the figure, this application provides an online activation method for a fuel cell system, which includes the following steps: S1. Control the target vehicle's fuel cell system to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single-cell voltage; S2. Execute the online activation process repeatedly according to the preset number of cycles; among which, The cyclic activation process includes the following steps: A1. Lock the current stack operating current as the initial current, and set the air flow rate, air pressure, and hydrogen pressure; A2. Set fan speed compensation, drainage compensation, nitrogen discharge compensation, and hydrogen return pump speed compensation; A3, DC / DC enters constant voltage mode to apply current load until the voltage of a single cell in the fuel cell stack continuously meets the activation voltage of the single cell in the fuel cell stack for a preset voltage duration.
[0031] In the embodiments of this application, different activation single-piece voltages, corresponding activation times, and activation cycle numbers of the fuel cell stack can be selected based on the power requested by the vehicle during operation, which satisfies the power requirements of the vehicle while ensuring the activation effect, thus achieving instantaneous and imperceptible activation. It also provides options for air pressure, hydrogen pressure, and air flow rate operating conditions under different initial activation currents during the online activation process of the fuel cell stack, to meet the activation working conditions; Furthermore, it provides compensation strategies for different working objects during the online activation process of the fuel cell stack, including fan speed compensation, hydrogen return pump compensation, nitrogen venting valve cycle compensation, and drain valve cycle compensation, which avoids overheating, hydrogen shortage, and water flooding during high-current activation.
[0032] Furthermore, the method also includes the following steps: Obtain the full vehicle map information of the target vehicle, analyze the vehicle's driving path, and determine whether the target vehicle will encounter uphill road conditions in the future driving time or future driving mileage. If there is an uphill road condition, the operation will be terminated; otherwise, the target fuel cell system will be controlled to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single-cell voltage.
[0033] It should be noted that the future driving time could be 10 minutes, and the future driving distance could be 15 km.
[0034] Furthermore, before the target fuel cell system enters the stack activation state and acquires the set stack activation single-cell voltage, the method further includes a fuel cell system activation state determination process, which includes the following steps: When the target vehicle is operating in its full-vehicle fuel cell mode, it receives information on the fuel cell stack activation requirements. When the operating time of the vehicle's fuel cell mode is greater than the preset operating time setting value, the target vehicle's power battery SOC is within the preset power battery SOC setting range, the target vehicle's hydrogen storage SOC is greater than the preset hydrogen storage setting value, the target vehicle's current speed is greater than the preset speed setting value, and the target vehicle's coolant temperature is greater than the preset coolant temperature setting value, the activation voltage of the fuel cell stack is selected based on the vehicle's power requirements.
[0035] Furthermore, the online activation process, which is executed cyclically according to a preset number of cycles, includes the following steps: When the rate of decrease between the current stack voltage and the stack voltage after the last activation of the target vehicle's fuel cell system reaches a preset voltage decrease rate threshold, online activation is performed based on the single-cell activation voltage of the stack. When the rate of increase between the current stack impedance of the target vehicle's fuel cell system and the stack impedance after the last activation reaches a preset impedance increase rate threshold, online activation is performed based on the stack activation single-cell voltage. When the time interval between the last activation reaches the activation time interval setting value, online activation is performed based on the activation single-chip voltage of the fuel cell stack.
[0036] Furthermore, the method also includes the following steps: When the target vehicle's parking time exceeds the set parking time threshold, the online activation process is determined based on the hydrogen storage capacity and the power battery capacity.
[0037] This step can be referred to as the parking activation process: When a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is parked for an extended period, the fuel cell stack will experience performance degradation, necessitating an online activation process during the vehicle's parking phase. Specifically, when the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is parked for more than a set time (e.g., 30 days), the fuel cell controller sends an activation request signal to the vehicle controller. The vehicle controller then determines whether to allow fuel cell activation based on a comprehensive assessment of the hydrogen storage capacity and the battery capacity. Upon receiving permission from the vehicle controller, the fuel cell controller executes the online activation process.
[0038] Furthermore, the vehicle's fuel cell mode operating time is set to 10 minutes; The SOC setting range of the power battery is 30%~70%; The hydrogen storage setting is 30%; The vehicle speed setting is 10km / h; The coolant temperature is set to 60°C.
[0039] It should be noted that the set value for the vehicle's fuel cell mode operation time is determined by referring to a table based on the ambient temperature. Generally, the lower the ambient temperature, the longer the set time. The SOC setting range for the power battery can be found in a table based on the ambient temperature. Generally speaking, the lower the ambient temperature, the narrower the SOC setting range. Hydrogen storage capacity ≥30% or hydrogen range ≥50km; The vehicle speed setting value can be adjusted adaptively to determine whether the vehicle is in a driving state; The coolant temperature setting can be the ambient temperature of the vehicle operating environment + 10°C.
[0040] Furthermore, the voltage duration is 60 seconds.
[0041] It should be noted that the technical solution of this application embodiment is implemented on the hardware basis of a fuel cell system, as shown in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell system includes a stack 100, an air system 101, a hydrogen system 102, a cooling system 103, a controller 200, a voltage monitor 201, and a DC / DC converter 104. The air system includes an air flow meter 10, an air compressor 11, an intercooler 12, a pressure relief valve 13, a humidifier 14, a stack inlet shut-off valve 15, an air inlet temperature and pressure sensor 16, an air outlet temperature and pressure sensor 17, an outlet shut-off valve 18, a back pressure valve 19, a four-way valve 20, and a recovery valve 21. The airflow direction of the air system is: air flow meter 10, air compressor 11, intercooler 12, humidifier 14, stack inlet shut-off valve 15, air inlet temperature and pressure sensor 16, stack 100, air outlet temperature and pressure sensor 17, outlet shut-off valve 18, and back pressure valve 19. When the pressure relief valve 13 is open, some air from the air compressor outlet enters the pressure relief valve 13 and mixes with the air exhaust pipe.
[0042] Air compressor 11 provides the required air flow to fuel cell stack 100. Air compressor 11 and back pressure valve 19 work together to regulate air flow and pressure. When it is necessary to bypass excess air, pressure relief valve 13 is opened to release pressure. Inlet shut-off valve 15 and outlet shut-off valve 18 are mainly used to shut off and seal the air inlet flow. Air inlet temperature and pressure sensor 16 and air outlet temperature and pressure sensor 17 are used to detect the temperature and pressure of air entering and leaving the stack.
[0043] The hydrogen system includes a proportional valve 30, a hydrogen infeed pressure sensor 31, a hydrogen outfeed pressure sensor 32, a gas-liquid separator 33, a hydrogen return pump or ejector 34, a nitrogen venting valve 35, and a drain valve 36.
[0044] The hydrogen system airflow direction is as follows: proportional valve 30, hydrogen in-pile temperature and pressure sensor 31, fuel cell stack 100, hydrogen out-of-pile temperature and pressure sensor 32, gas-liquid separator 33, and hydrogen return pump 34. When the nitrogen venting valve or drain valve is opened, the liquid water and part of the hydrogen separated by the gas-liquid separator are discharged from the nitrogen venting valve 35 or drain valve 36 and then merged into the air tailpipe.
[0045] The proportional valve 30 of the hydrogen system is used to regulate the flow rate and pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor; the hydrogen inlet temperature and pressure sensor 31 and the hydrogen outlet temperature and pressure sensor 32 are used to detect the pressure and temperature of hydrogen entering and exiting the reactor; the gas-liquid separator 33 is used to separate liquid water from hydrogen; the hydrogen return pump or ejector 34 realizes the recycling of hydrogen; the nitrogen venting valve and the drain valve periodically open and close to discharge impurity gases, liquid water and a small amount of hydrogen from the hydrogen circuit.
[0046] The cooling system includes a water pump 40, an infeed temperature and pressure sensor 41, an outfeed temperature and pressure sensor 42, a temperature control valve 43, a radiator fan assembly 44, and a PTC heater 45. The coolant flow direction in the cooling circuit is: water pump 40, infeed temperature and pressure sensor 41, fuel cell stack 100, outfeed temperature and pressure sensor 42, and temperature control valve 43. The first outlet of temperature control valve 43 flows to PTC heater 45, forming a small loop with water pump 40, and the second outlet of temperature control valve 43 flows to radiator 44, forming a large loop.
[0047] The function of water pump 40 is to enable the coolant to circulate in the cooling circuit. The function of temperature and pressure sensors 41 and 42 is to detect the temperature and pressure of the coolant entering and leaving the reactor. The function of temperature control valve 43 is to switch between large and small circulation. The function of radiator fan assembly 44 is to exchange the heat of the coolant with the air to reduce the coolant temperature. The function of PTC heater is to heat the coolant.
[0048] The fuel cell stack 100 is responsible for the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to output electrical energy. It is typically composed of hundreds of individual cells connected in series. The voltage monitor 201 collects the voltage values of each cell in the stack and sends them to the controller 200. The fuel cell controller 200 detects signals from various sensors and actuators and controls actuators and switches. 104 is a DC / DC converter that can perform power distribution and current load control according to the fuel cell controller.
[0049] The attached diagram of the instruction manual Figure 2 For implementing the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, a fuel cell vehicle control system includes a fuel cell controller 200, a hydrogen storage controller 300, a vehicle controller 400, and a power battery controller 500. The controllers can communicate with each other. The vehicle controller can send power requests to the fuel cell controller and the power battery controller, and simultaneously provide feedback on the vehicle's operating conditions, such as ambient temperature and speed. The fuel cell controller can provide feedback on its current operating power and operating status to the vehicle controller. The power battery controller can provide feedback on its current operating voltage, operating current, and state of charge (SOC) to the vehicle controller. The hydrogen storage controller provides feedback on hydrogen storage pressure, hydrogen SOC, and hydrogen consumption to the fuel cell controller and the vehicle controller.
[0050] Based on the aforementioned fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle control system, the details of the technical solution for implementing the embodiments of this application are as follows: First, the activation status determination process for the fuel cell system is shown in the attached diagram in the instruction manual. Figure 3 As shown, the vehicle operates in fuel cell mode. Upon receiving the fuel cell stack activation request, it determines that the operating time has reached the set value (10 minutes), the power battery SOC is within the set range (30%–70%), the hydrogen storage SOC is greater than the set value (30%), the vehicle speed is greater than the set value (10 km / h), and the coolant temperature is greater than the set value (60°C). Once these conditions are met, the fuel cell stack activation begins by selecting the single-cell activation voltage value.
[0051] Secondly, the specific fuel cell stack activation process of this application is shown in the attached diagram of the specification. Figure 4 As shown, after entering the activated state, according to Figure 5 Select the activation single-cell voltage value of the fuel cell stack under different vehicle power requests, lock the current of the fuel cell stack in the current operating state as the activation start current, and then... Figure 6 Select the corresponding fuel cell operating conditions (air pressure, hydrogen pressure, air flow rate) under different activation initiation currents. Control the DC / DC converter to enter constant voltage mode and apply current to the fuel cell stack until the individual cell voltages meet the requirements. Figure 5 The set value (0.2V) should be used, and relevant compensation parameters should be added during current loading. Specific details should be based on... Figure 7 The following compensation methods are used: fan speed compensation because reduced fuel cell stack efficiency increases heat generation; hydrogen return pump speed compensation to meet the hydrogen flow requirements of high-current activation; nitrogen venting valve compensation to reduce nitrogen concentration and ensure hydrogen partial pressure during high-current activation; and drain valve compensation to quickly drain the large amount of liquid water generated during high-current activation, preventing fuel cell stack flooding. Once the voltage of a single fuel cell stack reaches the set value and remains there for a set time (60 seconds), the DC / DC converter returns the fuel cell stack current to the activation start current and increments by one cycle. This process is then repeated, with the number of cycles depending on... Figure 8 The activation voltage of the single cell is selected. When the number of cycles meets the set requirement (10 times), or when a timeout or serious fault occurs, the activation process of the fuel cell system can be terminated.
[0052] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an improved scheme based on the online activation method for a fuel cell system mentioned in the first aspect, as detailed below: The technical solution mentioned in the first aspect of the embodiments of this application is referred to as the first activation process. There are also three other activation processes, as follows: 1. The second activation process can be selected as follows: Lock the current stack operating current as the final current. Set compensation for fan speed, drainage, nitrogen discharge, and hydrogen return pump speed; Control the air compressor speed, back pressure valve opening and hydrogen proportional valve opening to reduce air flow, air pressure and hydrogen pressure until the single-cell voltage of the fuel cell stack continuously meets the activation single-cell voltage of the fuel cell stack for a preset voltage duration. 2. The third activation process is as follows: The current stack operating current is locked as the initial current, the air flow rate is locked as the initial flow rate, and the air pressure and hydrogen pressure are locked as the initial pressures. Set compensation for fan speed, drainage, nitrogen discharge, and hydrogen return pump speed; The DC / DC converter is controlled to enter constant voltage mode for current load, while the air compressor speed, back pressure valve opening and hydrogen proportional valve opening are controlled to reduce air flow, air pressure and hydrogen pressure until the voltage of the fuel cell stack single piece continuously meets the activation voltage of the fuel cell stack single piece within the preset voltage duration. 3. The fourth activation process is optional: In the first three activation processes, changes in current or voltage can cause fluctuations in the final output power of the fuel cell system. Unlike the first three activation processes, this activation can ensure a constant and stable output power of the fuel cell system. Based on the first activation process, while the DC / DC converter is drawing the stack current, the air vent valve is opened and the air compressor speed and back pressure valve opening are adjusted. Under the premise of ensuring air pressure and flow, the power consumption of the air compressor is increased to offset the increased power output after the stack current rises, so that the fuel cell system maintains a constant power output and improves the power stability of the vehicle.
[0053] Thirdly, see Figure 9 As shown in the figure, this application provides an online activation device for a fuel cell system, the device comprising: The fuel cell stack activation and start-up module is used to control the fuel cell system of the target vehicle to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single cell voltage. The fuel cell stack activation execution module is used to repeatedly execute the online activation process according to a preset number of cycles; among which, The online activation process includes the following steps: Lock the current stack operating current as the initial current, and set the air flow rate, air pressure, and hydrogen pressure; Set compensation for fan speed, drainage, nitrogen discharge, and hydrogen return pump speed; The DC / DC converter enters constant voltage mode to apply current until the voltage of a single cell in the fuel cell stack continuously meets the activation voltage of the single cell within a preset voltage duration.
[0054] In the embodiments of this application, different activation single-piece voltages, corresponding activation times, and activation cycle numbers of the fuel cell stack can be selected based on the power requested by the vehicle during operation, which satisfies the power requirements of the vehicle while ensuring the activation effect, thus achieving instantaneous and imperceptible activation. It also provides options for air pressure, hydrogen pressure, and air flow rate operating conditions under different initial activation currents during the online activation process of the fuel cell stack, to meet the activation working conditions; Furthermore, it provides compensation strategies for different working objects during the online activation process of the fuel cell stack, including fan speed compensation, hydrogen return pump compensation, nitrogen venting valve cycle compensation, and drain valve cycle compensation, which avoids overheating, hydrogen shortage, and water flooding during high-current activation.
[0055] Furthermore, the fuel cell stack activation and start-up module is also used to acquire the vehicle map information of the target vehicle, analyze the vehicle's driving path, and determine whether the target vehicle will encounter uphill road conditions in the future driving time or future driving mileage. The stack activation start-up module is also used to terminate the operation if there is an uphill road condition, and otherwise control the target fuel cell system to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single cell voltage.
[0056] It should be noted that the future driving time could be 10 minutes, and the future driving distance could be 15 km.
[0057] Furthermore, the device also includes: The fuel cell stack activation preparation module is used to identify the target vehicle's overall fuel cell mode operation and receive fuel cell stack activation requirement information. The fuel cell stack activation preparation module is also used to select the single-cell activation voltage of the fuel cell stack based on the vehicle power requirements when the running time of the vehicle's fuel cell mode is greater than a preset vehicle fuel cell mode running time setting value, the target vehicle's power battery SOC is within a preset power battery SOC setting range, the target vehicle's hydrogen storage SOC is greater than a preset hydrogen storage setting value, the target vehicle's current speed is greater than a preset vehicle speed setting value, and the target vehicle's coolant temperature is greater than a preset coolant temperature setting value.
[0058] Furthermore, the stack activation execution module is also used to perform online activation based on the stack activation single-cell voltage when the rate of decrease between the current stack voltage and the stack voltage after the last activation of the target vehicle's fuel cell system reaches a preset voltage decrease rate setting threshold. The stack activation execution module is also used to perform online activation based on the stack activation single-cell voltage when the rate of increase between the current stack impedance of the target vehicle's fuel cell system and the stack impedance after the last activation reaches a preset impedance increase rate setting threshold. The fuel cell stack activation execution module is also used to perform online activation based on the single-chip voltage of the fuel cell stack when the running time interval of the last activation reaches the activation time interval set value.
[0059] Furthermore, the device also includes: The activation permission determination module is used to determine whether to allow the online activation process to be executed based on the hydrogen storage capacity and the power battery capacity when the parking time of the target vehicle exceeds the set parking time threshold.
[0060] Furthermore, the vehicle's fuel cell mode operating time is set to 10 minutes; The SOC setting range of the power battery is 30%~70%; The hydrogen storage setting is 30%; The vehicle speed setting is 10km / h; The coolant temperature is set to 60°C.
[0061] It should be noted that the set value for the vehicle's fuel cell mode operation time is determined by referring to a table based on the ambient temperature. Generally, the lower the ambient temperature, the longer the set time. The SOC setting range for the power battery can be found in a table based on the ambient temperature. Generally speaking, the lower the ambient temperature, the narrower the SOC setting range. Hydrogen storage capacity ≥30% or hydrogen range ≥50km; The vehicle speed setting value can be adjusted adaptively to determine whether the vehicle is in a driving state; The coolant temperature setting can be the ambient temperature of the vehicle operating environment + 10°C.
[0062] It should be noted that the technical solution of this application embodiment is referred to as the first activation process. There are also three other activation processes, as follows: 1. The second activation process can be selected as follows: Lock the current stack operating current as the final current. Set compensation for fan speed, drainage, nitrogen discharge, and hydrogen return pump speed; Control the air compressor speed, back pressure valve opening and hydrogen proportional valve opening to reduce air flow, air pressure and hydrogen pressure until the single-cell voltage of the fuel cell stack continuously meets the activation single-cell voltage of the fuel cell stack for a preset voltage duration. 2. The third activation process is as follows: The current stack operating current is locked as the initial current, the air flow rate is locked as the initial flow rate, and the air pressure and hydrogen pressure are locked as the initial pressures. Set compensation for fan speed, drainage, nitrogen discharge, and hydrogen return pump speed; The DC / DC converter is controlled to enter constant voltage mode for current load, while the air compressor speed, back pressure valve opening and hydrogen proportional valve opening are controlled to reduce air flow, air pressure and hydrogen pressure until the voltage of the fuel cell stack single piece continuously meets the activation voltage of the fuel cell stack single piece within the preset voltage duration. 3. The fourth activation process is optional: In the first three activation processes, changes in current or voltage can cause fluctuations in the final output power of the fuel cell system. Unlike the first three activation processes, this activation can ensure a constant and stable output power of the fuel cell system. Based on the first activation process, while the DC / DC converter is drawing the stack current, the air vent valve is opened and the air compressor speed and back pressure valve opening are adjusted. Under the premise of ensuring air pressure and flow, the power consumption of the air compressor is increased to offset the increased power output after the stack current rises, so that the fuel cell system maintains a constant power output and improves the power stability of the vehicle.
[0063] Furthermore, the voltage duration is 60 seconds.
[0064] It should be noted that the technical solution of this application embodiment is implemented on the hardware basis of a fuel cell system, as shown in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell system includes a stack 100, an air system 101, a hydrogen system 102, a cooling system 103, a controller 200, a voltage monitor 201, and a DC / DC converter 104. The air system includes an air flow meter 10, an air compressor 11, an intercooler 12, a pressure relief valve 13, a humidifier 14, a stack inlet shut-off valve 15, an air inlet temperature and pressure sensor 16, an air outlet temperature and pressure sensor 17, an outlet shut-off valve 18, a back pressure valve 19, a four-way valve 20, and a recovery valve 21. The airflow direction of the air system is: air flow meter 10, air compressor 11, intercooler 12, humidifier 14, stack inlet shut-off valve 15, air inlet temperature and pressure sensor 16, stack 100, air outlet temperature and pressure sensor 17, outlet shut-off valve 18, and back pressure valve 19. When the pressure relief valve 13 is open, some air from the air compressor outlet enters the pressure relief valve 13 and mixes with the air exhaust pipe.
[0065] Air compressor 11 provides the required air flow to fuel cell stack 100. Air compressor 11 and back pressure valve 19 work together to regulate air flow and pressure. When it is necessary to bypass excess air, pressure relief valve 13 is opened to release pressure. Inlet shut-off valve 15 and outlet shut-off valve 18 are mainly used to shut off and seal the air inlet flow. Air inlet temperature and pressure sensor 16 and air outlet temperature and pressure sensor 17 are used to detect the temperature and pressure of air entering and leaving the stack.
[0066] The hydrogen system includes a proportional valve 30, a hydrogen infeed pressure sensor 31, a hydrogen outfeed pressure sensor 32, a gas-liquid separator 33, a hydrogen return pump or ejector 34, a nitrogen venting valve 35, and a drain valve 36.
[0067] The hydrogen system airflow direction is as follows: proportional valve 30, hydrogen in-pile temperature and pressure sensor 31, fuel cell stack 100, hydrogen out-of-pile temperature and pressure sensor 32, gas-liquid separator 33, and hydrogen return pump 34. When the nitrogen venting valve or drain valve is opened, the liquid water and part of the hydrogen separated by the gas-liquid separator are discharged from the nitrogen venting valve 35 or drain valve 36 and then merged into the air tailpipe.
[0068] The proportional valve 30 of the hydrogen system is used to regulate the flow rate and pressure of hydrogen entering the reactor; the hydrogen inlet temperature and pressure sensor 31 and the hydrogen outlet temperature and pressure sensor 32 are used to detect the pressure and temperature of hydrogen entering and exiting the reactor; the gas-liquid separator 33 is used to separate liquid water from hydrogen; the hydrogen return pump or ejector 34 realizes the recycling of hydrogen; the nitrogen venting valve and the drain valve periodically open and close to discharge impurity gases, liquid water and a small amount of hydrogen from the hydrogen circuit.
[0069] The cooling system includes a water pump 40, an infeed temperature and pressure sensor 41, an outfeed temperature and pressure sensor 42, a temperature control valve 43, a radiator fan assembly 44, and a PTC heater 45. The coolant flow direction in the cooling circuit is: water pump 40, infeed temperature and pressure sensor 41, fuel cell stack 100, outfeed temperature and pressure sensor 42, and temperature control valve 43. The first outlet of temperature control valve 43 flows to PTC heater 45, forming a small loop with water pump 40, and the second outlet of temperature control valve 43 flows to radiator 44, forming a large loop.
[0070] The function of water pump 40 is to enable the coolant to circulate in the cooling circuit. The function of temperature and pressure sensors 41 and 42 is to detect the temperature and pressure of the coolant entering and leaving the reactor. The function of temperature control valve 43 is to switch between large and small circulation. The function of radiator fan assembly 44 is to exchange the heat of the coolant with the air to reduce the coolant temperature. The function of PTC heater is to heat the coolant.
[0071] The fuel cell stack 100 is responsible for the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to output electrical energy. It is typically composed of hundreds of individual cells connected in series. The voltage monitor 201 collects the voltage values of each cell in the stack and sends them to the controller 200. The fuel cell controller 200 detects signals from various sensors and actuators and controls actuators and switches. 104 is a DC / DC converter that can perform power distribution and current load control according to the fuel cell controller.
[0072] The attached diagram of the instruction manual Figure 2For implementing the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, a fuel cell vehicle control system includes a fuel cell controller 200, a hydrogen storage controller 300, a vehicle controller 400, and a power battery controller 500. The controllers can communicate with each other. The vehicle controller can send power requests to the fuel cell controller and the power battery controller, and simultaneously provide feedback on the vehicle's operating conditions, such as ambient temperature and speed. The fuel cell controller can provide feedback on its current operating power and operating status to the vehicle controller. The power battery controller can provide feedback on its current operating voltage, operating current, and state of charge (SOC) to the vehicle controller. The hydrogen storage controller provides feedback on hydrogen storage pressure, hydrogen SOC, and hydrogen consumption to the fuel cell controller and the vehicle controller.
[0073] Based on the aforementioned fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle control system, the details of the technical solution for implementing the embodiments of this application are as follows: First, the activation status determination process for the fuel cell system is shown in the attached diagram in the instruction manual. Figure 3 As shown, the vehicle operates in fuel cell mode. Upon receiving the fuel cell stack activation request, it determines that the operating time has reached the set value (10 minutes), the power battery SOC is within the set range (30%–70%), the hydrogen storage SOC is greater than the set value (30%), the vehicle speed is greater than the set value (10 km / h), and the coolant temperature is greater than the set value (60°C). Once these conditions are met, the fuel cell stack activation begins by selecting the single-cell activation voltage value.
[0074] Secondly, the specific fuel cell stack activation process of this application is shown in the attached diagram of the specification. Figure 4 As shown, after entering the activated state, according to Figure 5 Select the activation single-cell voltage value of the fuel cell stack under different vehicle power requests, lock the current of the fuel cell stack in the current operating state as the activation start current, and then... Figure 6 Select the corresponding fuel cell operating conditions (air pressure, hydrogen pressure, air flow rate) under different activation initiation currents. Control the DC / DC converter to enter constant voltage mode and apply current to the fuel cell stack until the individual cell voltages meet the requirements. Figure 5 The set value (0.2V) should be used, and relevant compensation parameters should be added during current loading. Specific details should be based on... Figure 7 The following compensation methods are used: fan speed compensation because reduced fuel cell stack efficiency increases heat generation; hydrogen return pump speed compensation to meet the hydrogen flow requirements of high-current activation; nitrogen venting valve compensation to reduce nitrogen concentration and ensure hydrogen partial pressure during high-current activation; and drain valve compensation to quickly drain the large amount of liquid water generated during high-current activation, preventing fuel cell stack flooding. Once the voltage of a single fuel cell stack reaches the set value and remains there for a set time (60 seconds), the DC / DC converter returns the fuel cell stack current to the activation start current and increments by one cycle. This process is then repeated, with the number of cycles depending on... Figure 8The activation voltage of the single cell is selected. When the number of cycles meets the set requirement (10 times), or when a timeout or serious fault occurs, the activation process of the fuel cell system can be terminated.
[0075] In summary, the online activation device for fuel cell systems provided in this application embodiment is identical in technical principle to the online activation method for fuel cell systems provided in the first aspect in terms of technical problems, technical solutions, and technical effects, and therefore will not be elaborated upon here.
[0076] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an apparatus including a processor and a memory, the memory being coupled to the processor, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to perform the steps of the method mentioned in the first aspect.
[0077] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method mentioned in the first aspect.
[0078] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the system or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0079] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0080] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.
Claims
1. A method for on-line activation of a fuel cell system, characterized by, The method includes the following steps: Control the target vehicle's fuel cell system to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single-cell voltage; The online activation process is executed cyclically according to a preset number of cycles; among which, The online activation process includes the following steps: Lock the current stack operating current as the initial current, and set the air flow rate, air pressure, and hydrogen pressure; Set compensation for fan speed, drainage, nitrogen discharge, and hydrogen return pump speed; The DC / DC converter enters constant voltage mode to apply current until the voltage of a single cell in the fuel cell stack continuously meets the activation voltage of the single cell within a preset voltage duration.
2. The method of on-line activation of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein The method further includes the following steps: Obtain the full vehicle map information of the target vehicle, analyze the vehicle's driving path, and determine whether the target vehicle will encounter uphill road conditions in the future driving time or future driving mileage. If there is an uphill road condition, the operation will be terminated; otherwise, the target fuel cell system will be controlled to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single-cell voltage.
3. The method of on-line activation of a fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein, Before the target fuel cell system enters the stack activation state and acquires the set stack activation single-cell voltage, the method further includes a fuel cell system activation state determination process, which includes the following steps: When the target vehicle is operating in its full-vehicle fuel cell mode, it receives information on the fuel cell stack activation requirements. When the operating time of the vehicle's fuel cell mode is greater than the preset operating time setting value, the target vehicle's power battery SOC is within the preset power battery SOC setting range, the target vehicle's hydrogen storage SOC is greater than the preset hydrogen storage setting value, the target vehicle's current speed is greater than the preset speed setting value, and the target vehicle's coolant temperature is greater than the preset coolant temperature setting value, the activation voltage of the fuel cell stack is selected based on the vehicle's power requirements.
4. The method of on-line activation of a fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein The online activation process, which is executed cyclically according to a preset number of cycles, includes the following steps: When the rate of decrease between the current stack voltage and the stack voltage after the last activation of the target vehicle's fuel cell system reaches a preset voltage decrease rate threshold, online activation is performed based on the single-cell activation voltage of the stack. When the rate of increase between the current stack impedance of the target vehicle's fuel cell system and the stack impedance after the last activation reaches a preset impedance increase rate threshold, online activation is performed based on the stack activation single-cell voltage. When the time interval between the last activation reaches the activation time interval setting value, online activation is performed based on the activation single-chip voltage of the fuel cell stack.
5. The method of on-line activation of a fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein, The method further includes the following steps: When the target vehicle's parking time exceeds the set parking time threshold, the online activation process is determined based on the hydrogen storage capacity and the power battery capacity.
6. The online activation method for a fuel cell system as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The set time for the vehicle's fuel-electric mode operation is 10 minutes. The SOC setting range of the power battery is 30%~70%; The hydrogen storage setting is 30%; The vehicle speed setting is 10km / h; The coolant temperature is set to 60°C.
7. The online activation method for a fuel cell system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage duration is 60 seconds.
8. An on-line activation device for a fuel cell system, characterized by The device includes: The fuel cell stack activation and start-up module is used to control the fuel cell system of the target vehicle to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single cell voltage. The fuel cell stack activation execution module is used to repeatedly execute the online activation process according to a preset number of cycles; among which, The online activation process includes the following steps: Lock the current stack operating current as the initial current, and set the air flow rate, air pressure, and hydrogen pressure; Set compensation for fan speed, drainage, nitrogen discharge, and hydrogen return pump speed; The DC / DC converter enters constant voltage mode to apply current until the voltage of a single cell in the fuel cell stack continuously meets the activation voltage of the single cell within a preset voltage duration.
9. The online activation device for a fuel cell system as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The fuel cell stack activation and start-up module is also used to obtain the whole vehicle map information of the target vehicle, analyze the whole vehicle driving path, and determine whether the target vehicle has uphill road conditions in the future driving time or future driving mileage. The stack activation start-up module is also used to terminate the operation if there is an uphill road condition, and otherwise control the target fuel cell system to enter the stack activation state and obtain the set stack activation single cell voltage.
10. The on-line activation apparatus for a fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein The device further includes: The fuel cell stack activation preparation module is used to identify the target vehicle's overall fuel cell mode operation and receive fuel cell stack activation requirement information. The fuel cell stack activation preparation module is also used to select the single-cell activation voltage of the fuel cell stack based on the vehicle power requirements when the running time of the vehicle's fuel cell mode is greater than a preset vehicle fuel cell mode running time setting value, the target vehicle's power battery SOC is within a preset power battery SOC setting range, the target vehicle's hydrogen storage SOC is greater than a preset hydrogen storage setting value, the target vehicle's current speed is greater than a preset vehicle speed setting value, and the target vehicle's coolant temperature is greater than a preset coolant temperature setting value.
11. The online activation device for a fuel cell system as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The stack activation execution module is also used to perform online activation based on the stack activation single-cell voltage when the rate of decrease between the current stack voltage and the stack voltage after the last activation of the target vehicle's fuel cell system reaches a preset voltage decrease rate setting threshold. The stack activation execution module is also used to perform online activation based on the stack activation single-cell voltage when the rate of increase between the current stack impedance of the target vehicle's fuel cell system and the stack impedance after the last activation reaches a preset impedance increase rate setting threshold. The fuel cell stack activation execution module is also used to perform online activation based on the single-chip voltage of the fuel cell stack when the running time interval of the last activation reaches the activation time interval set value.
12. The online activation device for a fuel cell system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The device further includes: The activation permission determination module is used to determine whether to allow the online activation process to be executed based on the hydrogen storage capacity and the power battery capacity when the parking time of the target vehicle exceeds the set parking time threshold.
13. The online activation device for a fuel cell system as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The set time for the vehicle's fuel-electric mode operation is 10 minutes. The SOC setting range of the power battery is 30%~70%; The hydrogen storage setting is 30%; The vehicle speed setting is 10km / h; The coolant temperature is set to 60°C.
14. The online activation device for a fuel cell system as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The voltage duration is 60 seconds.
15. A device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor and a memory, the memory being coupled to the processor, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the device to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
16. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the program implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.