A photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply integrated system and a regulation method thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610917513.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-15
Smart Images
Figure CN122763571A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy power generation and hydrogen energy storage application technology, and in particular to an integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system and its control method. Background Technology
[0002] As the global energy structure shifts towards cleaner and lower-carbon energy, photovoltaic (PV) power generation, as a core component of renewable energy, has seen its installed capacity grow rapidly. However, PV power generation is characterized by strong randomness and intermittency, with power generation occurring during the day but not at night, and power generation occurring only in sunny weather and stopping in rainy weather. This leads to problems such as grid voltage fluctuations and frequency instability when PV is connected to the grid on a large scale, resulting in frequent curtailment of solar power. In 2023, the curtailment rates in Tibet and Xinjiang in my country reached 14.3% and 7.8%, respectively, causing a serious waste of clean energy.
[0003] While traditional photovoltaic (PV) + lithium battery (LiBB) energy storage solutions can alleviate short-term power fluctuations, they have significant limitations in terms of energy storage capacity, storage period, and cycle life, making it difficult to meet long-term, large-capacity energy storage needs. Furthermore, the production and recycling of lithium batteries still pose certain environmental challenges. Hydrogen energy, as a clean, efficient, storable, and transportable secondary energy source, boasts advantages such as high mass energy density, high electro-hydrogen bidirectional conversion efficiency (PEM electrolysis efficiency 45–55%, fuel cell efficiency 50–60%), and zero-carbon combustion. It is considered an ideal carrier for solving the problem of PV power generation consumption and achieving cross-seasonal energy balance.
[0004] Existing photovoltaic hydrogen production systems often suffer from problems such as poor coordination among various stages, insufficient power regulation precision, low energy utilization, and poor system stability. Some systems fail to consider the impact of photovoltaic power generation fluctuations on the lifespan of electrolyzers, leading to frequent damage to electrolyzers due to power surges. Some systems lack a complete water circulation and energy recovery mechanism, resulting in the waste of water resources and waste heat. Furthermore, some systems are only suitable for specific scenarios (such as a single remote area), lacking versatility and making it difficult to adapt to application scenarios of different scales and load requirements.
[0005] Therefore, developing an integrated system that can achieve efficient coordination among photovoltaic power generation, hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and power supply, adapt to photovoltaic power fluctuations, have energy recovery and recycling functions, and is highly versatile and stable has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field of new energy and hydrogen energy integration. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose an integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system and its control method to solve the problems of poor coordination, power fluctuation affecting equipment lifespan, low energy utilization and weak versatility of existing photovoltaic hydrogen production systems.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system, comprising:
[0008] A photovoltaic subsystem is used to convert solar energy into direct current.
[0009] A hydrogen production subsystem is used to receive the direct current to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. It includes an electrolyzer module and a purification module, wherein the purification module is used to purify the electrolysis products into high-purity hydrogen.
[0010] A hydrogen storage subsystem for storing the high-purity hydrogen includes at least two hydrogen storage modules with different hydrogen storage methods, and is configured to provide real-time feedback of hydrogen storage status parameters to characterize the current amount of hydrogen stored.
[0011] The power supply system includes a fuel cell module and an energy storage buffer module, wherein the energy storage buffer module is used to buffer power fluctuations;
[0012] The intelligent control system is connected to each subsystem via signals. It has a built-in load allocation algorithm and a power smoothing control algorithm. The load allocation algorithm is used to dynamically allocate power according to the photovoltaic power generation, the hydrogen storage state parameters and load demand. The power smoothing control algorithm is used to smooth the photovoltaic output power and dynamically adjust the working power of the electrolyzer module.
[0013] And an auxiliary subsystem, including a water circulation module, which collects water generated by the operation of the power supply system and circulates it to the hydrogen production subsystem.
[0014] Preferably, the purification module includes a gas-liquid separation unit and a pressure swing adsorption unit, wherein the output end of the gas-liquid separation unit is connected to the input end of the pressure swing adsorption unit; the gas-liquid separation unit is used to separate the electrolyte to obtain crude hydrogen, and the pressure swing adsorption unit is used to deeply purify the crude hydrogen, outputting hydrogen with a purity of not less than 99.999% and a dew point not higher than -70℃.
[0015] Preferably, the electrolytic cell module is a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, comprising a fastening end plate, an insulating pad, a current collector, an anode bipolar plate, an anode gas diffusion layer, an anode catalytic layer, a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalytic layer, a cathode gas diffusion layer, a cathode bipolar plate, a current collector, an insulating pad, and a fastening end plate stacked sequentially.
[0016] The energy storage buffer module is a lithium battery or a vanadium redox flow battery, and its state of charge operating range is 20%~80%.
[0017] The power smoothing control algorithm outputs the photovoltaic power to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer after smoothing and filtering. The energy storage buffer module works in conjunction with the power smoothing control algorithm to charge during photovoltaic power peaks and discharge during photovoltaic power troughs, so as to filter out photovoltaic power step fluctuations.
[0018] Preferably, the hydrogen storage module includes a compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module and a solid hydrogen storage module;
[0019] The compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module is used for short-term rapid hydrogen storage, and its hydrogen storage pressure is 35~70MPa.
[0020] The solid-state hydrogen storage module uses metal hydride hydrogen storage materials for long-term, large-capacity hydrogen storage.
[0021] The intelligent control system dynamically controls the hydrogen charging and discharging path based on the hydrogen storage status parameters, real-time power generation, and load demand: in case of emergency power supply, hydrogen is preferentially drawn from the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module, and in case of long-term storage or peak shaving and valley filling, the solid hydrogen storage module is preferentially used.
[0022] Preferably, the intelligent control system also has a built-in equipment life prediction algorithm;
[0023] The load allocation algorithm, the power smoothing control algorithm, and the equipment lifetime prediction algorithm constitute a multi-timescale collaborative control architecture.
[0024] The load allocation algorithm is used to formulate a power allocation plan with the goal of maximizing economic benefits on the day-ahead timescale, and to make rolling corrections based on real-time data during the day.
[0025] The power smoothing control algorithm is used to smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations on a time scale of seconds to milliseconds.
[0026] The equipment life prediction algorithm is used to predict the remaining service life based on the equipment operating parameters, and to send a constraint signal to the load distribution algorithm when the equipment parameters deviate from the healthy range to limit the equipment operating power or perform a rotating shutdown.
[0027] Preferably, the system has a grid-connected operation mode and an off-grid operation mode, and can switch between the two modes; the system is suitable for any application scenario in centralized photovoltaic power plants, remote areas without power grids, and industrial parks; the auxiliary subsystem also includes a safety protection module, which includes a hydrogen leak detection device and overpressure, overcurrent, and overheat protection devices.
[0028] This invention also provides a control method for an integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system, applied to the system described in the claims, comprising the following steps:
[0029] Step S1: Collect real-time power generation and meteorological data of the photovoltaic subsystem;
[0030] Step S2: Based on the real-time power generation, the hydrogen storage state parameters of the hydrogen storage subsystem, the state of charge of the energy storage buffer module, and the load demand, the destination of photovoltaic power is dynamically allocated using a load allocation algorithm.
[0031] Step S3: The hydrogen production subsystem receives the allocated DC power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. After purification, high-purity hydrogen is obtained and transported to the hydrogen storage subsystem for storage.
[0032] Step S4: When power is needed, the hydrogen storage subsystem delivers hydrogen to the fuel cell module of the power supply system, converts it into electrical energy, and outputs it.
[0033] Step S5: Monitor the operating parameters of each subsystem in real time throughout the process, and have the intelligent control system perform coordinated regulation.
[0034] Preferably, in step S2, the load allocation algorithm includes:
[0035] The current dispatch level aims to maximize economic benefits by predicting photovoltaic power and load demand for the next 24 hours, formulating a power allocation plan, and determining the target values for hydrogen storage state parameters and the target values for the state of charge of energy storage buffer modules.
[0036] Intraday Correction Layer: Based on real-time data, the plan of the day-ahead scheduling layer is rolled over and adjusted dynamically to optimize the power distribution of the electrolyzer and fuel cell;
[0037] Real-time control layer: Smooths the fluctuations in photovoltaic power from the second to the millisecond level, and adjusts the charging and discharging power of the energy storage buffer module according to the difference between the actual state of charge and the target state of charge, so that the power output to the electrolyzer is smooth and stable.
[0038] Preferably, the hydrogen storage subsystem includes a compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module and a solid hydrogen storage module. In steps S2 and S4, the hydrogen charging and discharging path is dynamically selected based on the hydrogen storage state parameters, real-time power generation, and load demand: When charging hydrogen, if a rapid hydrogen supply is expected in the short term, hydrogen is preferentially charged to the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module; if it is for long-term storage, hydrogen is preferentially charged to the solid hydrogen storage module. When discharging hydrogen, in case of emergency power supply demand, hydrogen is preferentially drawn from the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module; in case of non-emergency power supply demand, hydrogen is preferentially drawn from the solid hydrogen storage module.
[0039] Preferably, step S5 further includes: the equipment life prediction algorithm predicts the remaining lifespan based on the operating parameters of each device, and when the health score of a device is lower than a preset threshold, a constraint signal is sent to the load allocation algorithm to forcibly reduce the operating power of the device or perform a rotating shutdown.
[0040] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0041] 1. This invention constructs a closed-loop energy chain of "photovoltaic power generation, electrolytic hydrogen production, hydrogen energy storage, and hydrogen-to-electricity conversion for power supply", which can fully utilize the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic subsystem - it can directly supply power, or convert excess electrical energy into hydrogen energy storage through electrolytic hydrogen production, avoiding the waste of photovoltaic power generation and improving the utilization efficiency of clean energy.
[0042] 2. This invention uses a power smoothing control algorithm in an intelligent control system to smooth out photovoltaic power fluctuations, dynamically adjust the working power of the electrolyzer, and reduce the impact of power surges on the electrolyzer. The energy storage buffer module charges during photovoltaic power peaks and discharges during photovoltaic power troughs, working in conjunction with the power smoothing control algorithm to filter out photovoltaic power step fluctuations. At the same time, it optimizes the operating parameters of each subsystem to achieve coordinated operation of photovoltaic, hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and power supply, avoiding equipment damage due to parameter mismatch and significantly extending the service life of core equipment such as electrolyzers and fuel cells.
[0043] 3. This invention adopts a composite hydrogen storage method, using compressed gaseous hydrogen storage for short-term rapid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage for long-term large-capacity hydrogen storage, balancing hydrogen storage capacity and safety, and improving hydrogen energy storage efficiency; it adds a water circulation closed-loop and waste heat recovery module to realize the recycling of water resources and the recovery and reuse of equipment waste heat; at the same time, it optimizes the distribution of electrical energy and hydrogen energy through load allocation algorithm to reduce the system's operating costs and energy consumption.
[0044] 4. Each subsystem of this invention can flexibly adjust the equipment specifications and layout according to the lighting conditions, power requirements and load type of the application scenario. It is suitable for both large-scale centralized power supply and distributed power supply, with strong adaptability. It also has grid-connected operation mode and off-grid operation mode, and can switch between the two modes. It is equipped with multiple safety protection measures, including hydrogen leakage detection, explosion protection, fire protection, overvoltage, overcurrent and overheat protection, etc., to ensure the safe operation of the system in all aspects. Attached Figure Description
[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0046] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply integrated system of the present invention;
[0047] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the photovoltaic subsystem of the present invention;
[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the hydrogen production subsystem and the hydrogen storage subsystem of the present invention;
[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer of the present invention;
[0050] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the internal structure of the hydrogen storage subsystem of the present invention;
[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen charging and discharging control principle of the composite hydrogen storage module of the present invention;
[0052] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow of the intelligent control system of the present invention.
[0053] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the multi-level scheduling and control architecture of the present invention;
[0054] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall workflow of the system of the present invention.
[0055] The diagram is marked as follows:
[0056] 1. Photovoltaic Subsystem; 11. Photovoltaic Module Array; 12. Combiner Box; 13. Inverter Unit; 14. Photovoltaic Measurement and Control Module; 15. Photovoltaic Weather Station; 16. Maximum Power Point Tracking Module; 2. Hydrogen Production Subsystem; 21. Electrolyzer Module; 22. Hydrogen Purification Module; 23. Gas-Liquid Separation Module; 24. Hydrogen Production Measurement and Control Unit; 3. Hydrogen Storage Subsystem; 31. Hydrogen Storage Module; 32. Hydrogen Delivery Module; 33. Hydrogen Storage Measurement and Control Unit; 34. Hydrogen Leakage Detection Module; 4. Power Supply System; 41. Fuel Cell Module; 42. Energy Storage Buffer Module; 43. Power Distribution Module; 44. Power Supply Measurement and Control Unit; 5. Intelligent Control System; 51. Data Acquisition Module; 52. Central Processing Module; 53. Command Output Module; 54. Remote Monitoring Module; 6. Auxiliary Subsystem. Detailed Implementation
[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0058] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0059] Example 1:
[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, the integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system provided by this invention includes a photovoltaic subsystem 1, a hydrogen production subsystem 2, a hydrogen storage subsystem 3, a power supply system 4, an intelligent control system 5, and an auxiliary subsystem 6. Each subsystem is interconnected via circuits, gas lines, and signal lines, forming a closed-loop energy chain of "photovoltaic power generation, electrolytic hydrogen production, hydrogen energy storage, and hydrogen-to-electricity conversion for power supply." The photovoltaic subsystem 1 is connected to the hydrogen production subsystem 2 via a circuit, providing direct current to it. The hydrogen production subsystem 2 is connected to the hydrogen storage subsystem 3 via a gas line, supplying high-purity hydrogen to it. The hydrogen storage subsystem 3 is connected to the power supply system 4 via a gas line, supplying hydrogen to it. The photovoltaic subsystem 1 and the power supply system 4 are respectively connected to external loads or the power grid via circuits, outputting electrical energy. The intelligent control system 5 is connected to the photovoltaic subsystem 1, hydrogen production subsystem 2, hydrogen storage subsystem 3, power supply system 4, and auxiliary subsystem 6 via signal lines, enabling bidirectional signal transmission. The auxiliary subsystem 6 is connected to the photovoltaic subsystem 1, the hydrogen production subsystem 2, the hydrogen storage subsystem 3, and the power supply system 4, respectively, to provide auxiliary support.
[0061] like Figure 2As shown, the photovoltaic subsystem 1 includes a photovoltaic module array 11, a combiner box 12, an inverter unit 13, a photovoltaic monitoring and control module 14, a photovoltaic weather station 15, and a maximum power point tracking module 16. The photovoltaic module array 11 uses monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, and can be flexibly configured in a centralized or distributed manner depending on the application scenario. The combiner box 12 is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic module array 11, used to combine the output current of multiple photovoltaic modules and transmit it to the inverter unit 13. The inverter unit 13 includes a DC distribution cabinet and a bidirectional inverter. The bidirectional inverter can realize bidirectional conversion between DC and AC power, capable of converting the DC power generated by the photovoltaic modules into AC power to supply AC power loads or connect to the grid, and also capable of receiving the electrical energy released by the hydrogen storage subsystem and regulating its voltage. The maximum power point tracking module 16 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module array 11, performing maximum power point tracking on the photovoltaic module array 11, with an efficiency of not less than 98.5%. The photovoltaic monitoring and control module 14 includes an energy metering device, an energy quality analysis device, and a common connection point monitoring and control device, used to collect parameters such as the output voltage, current, and power of the photovoltaic modules in real time and monitor energy quality. The photovoltaic weather station 15 is used to collect meteorological data such as irradiance, ambient temperature, and wind speed, providing data support for the power regulation of the intelligent control system 5. The photovoltaic monitoring and control module 14 and the photovoltaic weather station 15 are connected to the intelligent control system 5 via signal lines, transmitting the collected data to the intelligent control system 5.
[0062] like Figure 3As shown, the hydrogen production subsystem 2 includes an electrolyzer module 21, a gas-liquid separation module 23, a hydrogen purification module 22, and a hydrogen production monitoring and control unit 24. The electrolyzer module 21 can be any one or a combination of alkaline electrolyzers, solid oxide electrolyzers, or proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, with proton exchange membrane electrolyzers being preferred due to their dynamic response time of less than 1 second, allowing them to participate in primary frequency regulation. The input terminal of the electrolyzer module 21 is connected to the combiner box 12 of the photovoltaic subsystem 1 via a DC circuit, and simultaneously connected to the water circulation module of the auxiliary subsystem 6 via a pipeline. The water circulation module provides purified water to the electrolyzer module 21, and the electrolyzer module 21 circulates the electrolyte back to the water circulation module. The output terminal of the electrolyzer module 21 is connected to the input terminal of the gas-liquid separation module 23 via a pipeline, transporting the electrolysis products to the gas-liquid separation module 23. The gas-liquid separation module 23 employs a plate separator to separate the hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer from the electrolyte, and the separated electrolyte is circulated back to the electrolyzer for reuse. The outlet of the gas-liquid separation module 23 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen purification module 22 via a pipeline, delivering crude hydrogen to the hydrogen purification module 22. The hydrogen purification module 22 employs pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology, filled with a composite adsorbent of molecular sieves and activated alumina. It uses a cycle of adsorption, pressure equalization, depressurization desorption, and pressure boosting regeneration to remove impurities such as moisture, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide from the hydrogen. The crude hydrogen separated by the gas-liquid separation module 23 achieves a purity of 99.5%~99.9%, and after purification by the hydrogen purification module 22, the hydrogen purity reaches over 99.999%, with a dew point not exceeding -70℃. The hydrogen production monitoring and control unit 24 is connected to the electrolyzer module 21, the gas-liquid separation module 23, and the hydrogen purification module 22 via signal lines for status monitoring. It monitors parameters such as the electrolyzer's operating temperature, pressure, electrolysis current, voltage, hydrogen purity, and flow rate in real time. When parameters exceed preset thresholds, it sends an alarm signal to the intelligent control system 5 and triggers a protection mechanism.
[0063] The hydrogen storage subsystem 3 includes a hydrogen storage module 31, a hydrogen delivery module 32, a hydrogen storage monitoring and control unit 33, and a hydrogen leak detection module 34. The outlet of the hydrogen purification module 22 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen delivery module 32 via a pipeline, and the outlet of the hydrogen delivery module 32 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage module 31 via a pipeline. The hydrogen storage module 31 employs a composite hydrogen storage method combining compressed gaseous hydrogen storage and solid-state hydrogen storage. Compressed gaseous hydrogen storage uses a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank with a pressure rating of 35MPa to 70MPa for short-term rapid hydrogen storage; solid-state hydrogen storage uses metal hydride hydrogen storage materials (such as LaNi5 series alloys) for long-term, large-capacity hydrogen storage. A cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage module can also be added according to application requirements. The hydrogen delivery module 32 includes a hydrogen delivery pipeline, a solenoid valve, a pressure reducing valve, and a flow controller. The hydrogen delivery pipeline is made of corrosion-resistant, high-pressure sealing materials. The hydrogen storage monitoring and control unit 33 monitors parameters such as pressure, temperature, and hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank in real time. It defines the hydrogen state of charge (H-SOC) as H-SOC = mH2(t) / mH2,max (where mH2(t) is the current hydrogen mass in the hydrogen storage subsystem, and mH2,max is the maximum hydrogen mass stored in the subsystem), providing real-time feedback on the hydrogen storage status and supporting the hydrogen charging and discharging regulation of the intelligent control system 5. The hydrogen storage monitoring and control unit 33 and the hydrogen leakage detection module 34 are connected to the hydrogen storage module 31 via signal lines to monitor the status of the hydrogen storage module 31. The hydrogen leakage detection module 34 is deployed at key nodes in the hydrogen production and storage subsystems, employing an electrochemical sensor. When the detected hydrogen leakage concentration exceeds a safe threshold, it triggers an alarm, shuts off the solenoid valve of the hydrogen delivery pipeline, and activates the explosion-proof ventilation device.
[0064] The power supply system 4 includes a fuel cell module 41, an energy storage buffer module 42, a power distribution module 43, and a power supply measurement and control unit 44. The fuel cell module 41 can be one of an alkaline fuel cell, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, or a solid oxide fuel cell, with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell being preferred. Its power generation efficiency is not less than 50%, and it can quickly ramp up to 10% Pn / min. The input end of the fuel cell module 41 is connected to the hydrogen delivery module 32 of the hydrogen storage subsystem 3 via a gas path, and simultaneously connected to the water circulation module of the auxiliary subsystem 6 via a pipeline to discharge the water generated in the reaction. The energy storage buffer module 42 uses a lithium battery or a vanadium redox flow battery, with a state of charge operating range of 20% to 80%. It is used to buffer the power fluctuations between the photovoltaic subsystem 1 and the fuel cell module 41, charging during photovoltaic power peaks and discharging during photovoltaic power troughs. The power distribution module 43 includes a distribution box, a transformer, and a circuit breaker. It is used to integrate and regulate the electrical energy from the fuel cell module 41, the photovoltaic subsystem 1, and the energy storage buffer module 42, and distribute it to low-voltage DC loads or high-voltage AC loads. At the same time, it is connected to the public power grid through the grid connection interface. The power supply monitoring and control unit 44 monitors parameters such as power supply voltage, current, frequency, and power factor in real time.
[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, a specific implementation of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer includes, in sequence, a fastening end plate, an insulating pad, a titanium alloy current collector, a bipolar plate (anode flow field), a gas diffusion layer PTL (titanium felt), a catalyst layer IrO2 (anode), a proton exchange membrane PEM (perfluorosulfonic acid membrane), a catalyst layer Pt / C (cathode), a gas diffusion layer PTL (titanium felt), a bipolar plate (cathode flow field), a titanium alloy current collector, an insulating pad, and a fastening end plate. This proton exchange membrane electrolyzer possesses resistance to transient fluctuations. However, relying solely on the electrolyzer's structure cannot overcome power surge damage. This embodiment comprehensively solves this technical problem by prioritizing the use of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, configuring an energy storage buffer module, preprocessing photovoltaic power using a power smoothing control algorithm, and employing a combined scheme of interconnected subsystems.
[0066] like Figure 5 As shown, in one specific embodiment of the hydrogen storage subsystem 3, the high-purity hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen production subsystem 2 is connected to the main hydrogen transmission pipeline. The main hydrogen transmission pipeline is divided into two branches: one branch connects to the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module (30~70MPa high-pressure tank), and the other branch connects to the solid-state hydrogen storage module (LaNi5 alloy hydrogen storage tank). The compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module and the solid-state hydrogen storage module are connected to the main hydrogen collection outlet pipe, which is ultimately connected to the fuel cell module 41 of the power supply system 4. The hydrogen storage measurement and control unit 33 is connected to pressure and temperature acquisition points, high-pressure tank measurement points, solid-state tank measurement points, and a leakage sensor. The above acquisition points are connected to the built-in H-SOC calculation module, which is connected to the central processing module 52 of the intelligent control system 5.
[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, the high-purity hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen production subsystem 2 is connected to the hydrogen delivery main pipe, which in turn connects to a solenoid valve group. The solenoid valve group provides a hydrogen charging path 1 (connected to the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module), a rapid hydrogen release response path (connected to the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module), a hydrogen charging path 2 (connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage module), a stable hydrogen release output path (connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage module), and a path directly connected to the fuel cell module 41. The data acquisition module 51 collects real-time data such as H-SOC, photovoltaic power, and load demand and transmits it to the central processing module 52. The central processing module 52 dynamically determines the hydrogen charging / releasing path and valve opening based on H-SOC, photovoltaic power, and load demand, and sends switching commands to the solenoid valve group. The intelligent control system 5 dynamically controls the hydrogen charging / releasing path based on hydrogen storage status parameters, real-time power generation, and load demand: in case of emergency power supply, hydrogen is preferentially drawn from the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module; for long-term storage or peak shaving and valley filling, the solid-state hydrogen storage module is preferred.
[0068] like Figure 7As shown, the intelligent control system 5 includes a data acquisition module 51, a central processing module 52, an instruction output module 53, and a remote monitoring module 54. The data acquisition module 51 is connected to the data acquisition terminals of each subsystem via signal lines. The data acquisition module 51 is also connected to the measurement and control units of each subsystem via signal lines, acquiring real-time power generation parameters of the photovoltaic subsystem 1, operating parameters of the hydrogen production subsystem 2, hydrogen storage parameters of the hydrogen storage subsystem 3, power supply parameters of the power supply system 4, and operating parameters of the auxiliary subsystem 6. Simultaneously, it acquires meteorological data from the photovoltaic weather station 15. The data acquisition module 51 is connected to the central processing module 52 via signal lines, transmitting real-time data to the central processing module 52. The central processing module 52 incorporates a power smoothing control algorithm, a load distribution algorithm, and an equipment lifespan prediction algorithm. The central processing module 52 is connected to the instruction output module 53 via signal lines, transmitting control instructions to the instruction output module 53. The instruction output module 53 is connected via signal lines to the photovoltaic subsystem 1, hydrogen production subsystem 2, hydrogen storage subsystem 3, power supply system 4, and auxiliary subsystem 6, respectively, to send control commands to adjust the operating status and parameters of each device, such as adjusting the electrolysis current of the electrolyzer, controlling the hydrogen charging and discharging flow rate of the hydrogen storage tank, and adjusting the output voltage of the inverter. The remote monitoring module 54 is connected via signal lines to the central processing module 52 to achieve two-way communication, supporting remote access from computers and mobile devices. It can view the system operating status in real time, receive fault alarm signals, and remotely issue control commands.
[0069] The power smoothing control algorithm in the central processing module 52 smooths and filters the output power of the photovoltaic subsystem 1. Based on the state of charge (SOC) value of the energy storage buffer module 42 and the desired SOC operating range, it determines the target SOC value for the PI-controlled energy storage battery. Then, based on the SOC difference, it determines the operating power adjustment value of the electrolyzer, ultimately obtaining a smooth and stable target operating power value for the electrolyzer. The load allocation algorithm dynamically allocates photovoltaic power based on real-time power generation, hydrogen storage capacity, and power supply load demand: when photovoltaic power is excessive, it is preferentially allocated to the hydrogen production subsystem 2 for electrolysis, with excess power stored in the energy storage buffer module 42; when photovoltaic power is insufficient, it controls the hydrogen storage subsystem 3 to supply hydrogen to the power supply subsystem 4, which is then converted into electricity through fuel cells to supplement the power supply gap; simultaneously, it optimizes grid connection and off-grid strategies based on grid price fluctuations. The equipment lifespan prediction algorithm predicts the remaining lifespan of core equipment such as the electrolyzer, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage tanks based on the operating parameters and historical data of each device, issuing maintenance reminders in advance.
[0070] like Figure 8As shown, this implementation adopts a multi-timescale control strategy for the coordinated control of the three algorithms mentioned above. The execution layer includes the electrolyzer, hydrogen storage system, fuel cell, power supply load, and power grid. The execution layer feeds back data to the lower-level data acquisition layer and simultaneously receives control commands from the lowest-level real-time control layer. The data acquisition layer collects four types of data: photovoltaic power and meteorological data, energy storage SOC and hydrogen storage H-SOC, load demand and electricity price, and equipment operating parameters. The collected data is transmitted to the day-ahead scheduling layer, equipment protection layer, and real-time control layer, respectively. In the day-ahead scheduling layer (T+24h), the load allocation algorithm aims to maximize economic benefits, predicts photovoltaic power and load demand for the next 24 hours, formulates the power allocation plan curve for the next 24 hours, determines the target values of hydrogen storage state parameters, the target values of the state of charge of the energy storage buffer module, and the grid-connected / off-grid switching strategy; simultaneously, in the equipment protection layer, the equipment life prediction algorithm performs health assessment and life warning based on equipment operating parameters, generating constraint signals. In the intraday correction layer (T~15min), the load allocation algorithm continuously corrects the day-ahead scheduling plan based on the latest meteorological and power data, dynamically adjusting the power allocation of electrolyzers and fuel cells to overcome the uncertainty of photovoltaic output and ensure that the system always operates on the economically optimal curve. The intraday correction layer is constrained by the equipment protection layer's constraint signals. In the real-time control layer (T~ms), the power smoothing control algorithm smooths the second- to millisecond-level power fluctuations of photovoltaic modules, collects real-time power and uses the difference between it and the target charge value as input to adjust the charging and discharging of energy storage batteries, achieving "peak shaving and valley filling" of photovoltaic output and providing a smooth and stable power signal for the electrolyzers. This layer also receives constraint signals from the equipment protection layer and the intraday correction layer. The equipment life prediction algorithm, acting as the system's "supervisor" and "safety red line," monitors equipment operating data and historical health status, predicts its remaining lifespan, and sends constraint signals to the load allocation algorithm when equipment parameters deviate from the healthy range, forcibly reducing operating power or executing rotating shutdowns to protect equipment lifespan.
[0071] Auxiliary Subsystem 6 includes a water circulation module, a waste heat recovery module, a safety protection module, and an operation and maintenance module. The water circulation module includes a pure water preparation device, a circulating water pump, a water tank, and a water filtration module. The pure water preparation device uses reverse osmosis technology to produce high-purity pure water with a resistivity of not less than 18 MΩ·cm; the circulating water pump drives the circulation of electrolyte and cooling water; the water filtration module filters impurities from the circulating water. Simultaneously, the water circulation module collects the reaction water generated by the fuel cell, filters and purifies it, and then returns it to the electrolyzer, achieving a closed-loop recycling of water resources with a water recovery efficiency of not less than 95%. The waste heat recovery module recovers the 40-60℃ waste heat generated by the electrolyzer and the 80-90℃ waste heat generated by the fuel cell through a waste heat exchanger. The recovered waste heat is used for heating, hot water supply, or auxiliary temperature regulation of the system, ensuring a comprehensive system energy efficiency of not less than 75%. The safety protection module includes a hydrogen leak detection device, explosion-proof device, fire-fighting device, lightning protection grounding device, and overvoltage, overcurrent, and overheat protection devices. Hydrogen leak detection devices are deployed at key nodes of the hydrogen production and storage subsystems, employing electrochemical sensors. Firefighting equipment uses dry powder or carbon dioxide extinguishers. Lightning protection grounding devices protect the system from lightning strikes. The operation and maintenance module includes equipment maintenance interfaces, a fault diagnosis module, and a historical data storage module. The fault diagnosis module diagnoses equipment fault types and locations in real time based on the operating parameters of each subsystem and issues alarm signals. The historical data storage module stores system operating parameters, fault records, maintenance records, and other data for at least three years.
[0072] like Figure 9As shown, the entire system's workflow is arranged in a circular pattern, including the following steps: Step 1: The photovoltaic subsystem captures solar energy and converts it into direct current (DC). After being combined through the combiner box, the DC is transmitted to the inverter unit. The MPPT module tracks the maximum power output point in real time, and the photovoltaic monitoring and control module collects photovoltaic power generation parameters and meteorological data, feeding them back to the intelligent control system. Step 2: The intelligent control system issues control commands based on the photovoltaic power generation, meteorological data, and system load requirements: If the photovoltaic power is sufficient, the DC is preferentially transmitted to the hydrogen production subsystem for electrolysis to produce hydrogen, while some DC is converted into AC to supply low-voltage power loads or connected to the grid; if the photovoltaic power is insufficient, the power supply system and energy storage buffer module are activated to supplement the power supply gap. Step 3: The hydrogen production subsystem receives the DC transmitted from the photovoltaic subsystem. The electrolyzer module uses pure water to perform an electrolysis reaction to generate hydrogen and oxygen. The gas-liquid separation module separates the hydrogen from the electrolyte (the electrolyte is circulated back to the electrolyzer). The hydrogen purification module purifies the hydrogen to remove impurities before transmitting it to the hydrogen storage subsystem. The hydrogen production monitoring and control unit monitors the hydrogen production parameters in real time and feeds them back to the intelligent control system. Step 4: The hydrogen storage subsystem receives high-purity hydrogen from the hydrogen production subsystem. Based on the hydrogen storage capacity and system requirements, it performs short-term hydrogen storage using a compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module or long-term hydrogen storage using a solid-state hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen storage monitoring and control unit monitors the storage parameters in real time. When the stored hydrogen reaches the preset upper limit, it sends a signal to the intelligent control system. The intelligent control system adjusts the distribution of photovoltaic power, storing excess power in the energy storage buffer module or feeding it into the grid. Step 5: When power load demand increases, photovoltaic power is insufficient, or power needs to be supplied to the grid, the intelligent control system issues a command. The hydrogen storage subsystem delivers the stored hydrogen to the fuel cell module of the power supply system via the hydrogen delivery module. The fuel cell module converts the hydrogen energy into DC power, which is then regulated by the inverter and transmitted to the power distribution module. Step 6: The power distribution module integrates and regulates the voltage of the power generated by the fuel cell, the photovoltaic subsystem, and the energy storage buffer module, distributing it to various power loads. Simultaneously, it feeds excess power into the public grid according to grid demand. The power supply monitoring and control unit monitors the power supply parameters in real time. Step 7: The auxiliary subsystems continue to operate—the water circulation module realizes closed-loop recycling of water resources, the waste heat recovery module recovers and utilizes waste heat from equipment operation, the safety protection module monitors the system's safety status in real time, and the operation and maintenance module records system operation data and diagnoses equipment faults. Step 8: The intelligent control system monitors the operating parameters of each subsystem in real time throughout the process, dynamically adjusts the operating status of each device through optimized control algorithms, and supports remote monitoring and control to achieve unattended operation and maintenance. Auxiliary subsystem 6 continuously provides auxiliary support in each step, supporting the stable operation of the entire workflow.
[0073] The system of this invention has both grid-connected and off-grid operation modes, and can switch between the two modes; it is applicable to any application scenario in centralized photovoltaic power plants, remote areas without power grids, and industrial parks. The equipment specifications and layout of each subsystem can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual application scenario, and are not limited to the specific parameters in the above embodiments; the optimized control algorithm of the intelligent control system can be iteratively optimized based on actual operating data; the functions of auxiliary subsystems can be flexibly added or adjusted according to the application scenario, such as adding a direct hydrogen supply module to provide hydrogen for industrial hydrogen loads in an industrial park scenario. All subsystems and equipment adopt existing mature technologies and are available through commercial channels.
[0074] Example 2:
[0075] This embodiment provides a control method for the above system, such as Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, the intelligent control system 5 performs the following control steps.
[0076] Collect real-time power generation and meteorological data of photovoltaic subsystem 1.
[0077] Based on the real-time power generation, the hydrogen storage state parameters (i.e., hydrogen state of charge H-SOC) of the hydrogen storage subsystem 3, the state of charge of the energy storage buffer module 42, and the load demand, the destination of photovoltaic power is dynamically allocated using a load allocation algorithm: when there is excess photovoltaic power, it is preferentially allocated to the hydrogen production subsystem 2 for electrolysis hydrogen production; when there is insufficient photovoltaic power, the hydrogen storage subsystem 3 is controlled to supply hydrogen to the power supply subsystem 4.
[0078] Hydrogen production subsystem 2 receives the allocated DC power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen is then separated into crude hydrogen by gas-liquid separation module 23 and purified by pressure swing adsorption module 22 to obtain high-purity hydrogen, which is then transported to hydrogen storage subsystem 3 for storage.
[0079] When power is needed, the hydrogen storage subsystem 3 delivers the stored hydrogen to the fuel cell module 41 of the power supply system 4. The fuel cell module 41 converts the hydrogen into electrical energy, which is then distributed to the power supply load or connected to the power grid via the power distribution module 43.
[0080] The operating parameters of each subsystem are monitored in real time throughout the process, and coordinated control is performed by the intelligent control system 5.
[0081] The load allocation algorithm is executed on three time scales. The day-ahead scheduling layer (T+24h) aims to maximize economic benefits by predicting photovoltaic power and load demand for the next 24 hours, formulating a power allocation plan, and determining target values for hydrogen storage state parameters and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage buffer module. The intraday correction layer (T~15min) dynamically adjusts the power allocation between the electrolyzer and fuel cell based on real-time data, continuously revising the day-ahead scheduling plan. The real-time control layer (T~ms) smooths the second- to millisecond-level fluctuations in photovoltaic power and adjusts the charging and discharging power of the energy storage buffer module 42 based on the difference between its actual SOC and the target SOC, ensuring a smooth and stable power output to the electrolyzer.
[0082] Regarding the selection of hydrogen charging and discharging paths for the composite hydrogen storage system, hydrogen storage subsystem 3 includes a compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module and a solid-state hydrogen storage module. The charging and discharging path is dynamically selected based on hydrogen storage state parameters, real-time power generation, and load demand. During charging, if a rapid hydrogen supply is expected in the short term, hydrogen is preferentially charged to the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module; if long-term storage is required, hydrogen is preferentially charged to the solid-state hydrogen storage module. During discharging, hydrogen is preferentially drawn from the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module under emergency power demand, and from the solid-state hydrogen storage module under non-emergency power demand.
[0083] In addition, the equipment lifespan prediction algorithm predicts the remaining lifespan of each piece of equipment based on its operating parameters. When the health score of an equipment falls below a preset threshold, a constraint signal is sent to the load allocation algorithm, forcibly reducing the operating power of the equipment or executing a rotating shutdown. The allocation plans of the day-ahead scheduling layer and the intraday correction layer are restricted by this constraint signal, and the restriction is lifted after the equipment's health status recovers.
[0084] Example 3:
[0085] This embodiment provides an integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system suitable for off-grid scenarios such as remote agricultural and pastoral areas. The photovoltaic subsystem employs a distributed monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module array with a total power of 100kW, configured with 10 combiner boxes and 1 bidirectional inverter (100kW power). The MPPT module efficiency is 98.8%. A photovoltaic weather station collects real-time data such as light intensity and ambient temperature. The photovoltaic monitoring and control module monitors the photovoltaic output parameters and feeds them back to the intelligent control system. The hydrogen production subsystem uses a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer with an electrolysis power of 80kW. The gas-liquid separation module uses a plate separator, and the hydrogen purification module uses pressure swing adsorption technology, achieving a hydrogen purity of up to 99.9995%. The hydrogen production monitoring and control unit monitors parameters such as temperature, pressure, and electrolysis current of the electrolyzer in real time to ensure stable hydrogen production. The hydrogen storage subsystem adopts a combined "compressed gaseous hydrogen storage + solid-state hydrogen storage" approach. The compressed gaseous hydrogen storage tank has a pressure of 35 MPa and a volume of 10 m³. The solid-state hydrogen storage uses LaNi5 series metal hydride hydrogen storage material with a storage capacity of 50 kg. The hydrogen delivery module is equipped with corrosion-resistant hydrogen delivery pipelines and a flow controller. The hydrogen storage monitoring and control unit monitors hydrogen storage parameters in real time, and the hydrogen leak detection module has a sensitivity of 100 ppm. The power supply system uses a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a power generation capacity of 80 kW. The energy storage buffer module uses a lithium battery with a capacity of 50 kWh and a SOC operating range of 20% to 80%. The power distribution module is equipped with a distribution box and transformer, capable of supplying 220V DC loads and 380V AC loads to meet the power supply needs of living and production in remote agricultural and pastoral areas. The intelligent control system uses a PLC controller with built-in power smoothing control algorithms, load distribution algorithms, and equipment life prediction algorithms. The data acquisition module collects parameters of each subsystem in real time, and the central processing module dynamically adjusts the equipment operating status. The remote monitoring module supports mobile access, enabling unattended operation and maintenance. The auxiliary subsystem's water circulation module uses a reverse osmosis pure water preparation device with a water resource recovery efficiency of 96%. The waste heat recovery module recovers waste heat from the equipment for winter heating in agricultural and pastoral areas. The safety protection module is equipped with hydrogen leak detection, explosion-proof, and fire-fighting devices. The operation and maintenance module stores system operation data and automatically diagnoses equipment faults. In this embodiment, when the system is working, the photovoltaic subsystem captures solar energy and converts it into direct current, prioritizing the supply to the hydrogen production subsystem and low-voltage loads in agricultural and pastoral areas. Excess electricity is converted into hydrogen energy through electrolysis and stored in the hydrogen storage subsystem. At night or when sunlight is insufficient, the hydrogen storage subsystem delivers hydrogen to the fuel cell module, converting it into electricity to supply the load. The auxiliary subsystem realizes water resource recycling and waste heat utilization, and the intelligent control system coordinates and regulates the entire process to ensure stable system operation, providing a reliable, clean, and sustainable energy supply for remote agricultural and pastoral areas.
[0086] Example 4:
[0087] This embodiment provides an integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system, suitable for grid-connected centralized photovoltaic power plants. The photovoltaic subsystem employs a centralized polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic module array with a total power of 10MW, configured with 50 combiner boxes and 10 bidirectional inverters (1MW each), with an MPPT module efficiency of 99%. A photovoltaic meteorological station and photovoltaic monitoring and control module collect meteorological data and power generation parameters in real time, providing support for power regulation. The hydrogen production subsystem uses a solid oxide electrolyzer with an electrolysis power of 8MW, configured with multiple gas-liquid separation modules and hydrogen purification modules, achieving a hydrogen purity of up to 99.999%. The hydrogen production monitoring and control unit is linked with the intelligent control system to achieve dynamic adjustment of the electrolysis power. The hydrogen storage subsystem employs a combined approach of compressed gaseous hydrogen storage and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage. The compressed gaseous hydrogen storage tank has a pressure of 70 MPa and a total volume of 100 m³; the cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage tank has a volume of 50 m³ and a hydrogen storage capacity of 5000 kg. The hydrogen delivery module is equipped with a high-pressure hydrogen delivery pipeline and an intelligent flow regulation device. The hydrogen storage monitoring and control unit monitors the hydrogen storage status in real time to ensure hydrogen storage safety. The power supply system uses a solid oxide fuel cell with a total power generation capacity of 8 MW; the energy storage buffer module uses a vanadium redox flow battery with a capacity of 10 MWh; the power distribution module is equipped with a high-voltage transformer that can regulate the power to 110 kV and connect it to the public power grid; the power supply monitoring and control unit monitors power supply parameters in real time to ensure that the power supply quality meets the grid requirements. The intelligent control system employs a PLC controller combined with industrial IoT technology, featuring built-in optimized control algorithms to achieve multi-timescale scheduling—24-hour rolling scheduling with the goal of maximizing profits, 15-minute rolling scheduling within the day to adjust electrolyzer power, and real-time 1-5 minute scheduling to achieve primary frequency regulation of the electrolyzer. The remote monitoring module supports dual access via computer and mobile devices, enabling remote control commands and intelligent system operation and maintenance. The auxiliary subsystem's water circulation module achieves closed-loop water resource recycling with a recovery efficiency of 97%; the waste heat recovery module recovers waste heat from the equipment for heating in the surrounding industrial park; the safety protection module is equipped with multiple safety devices to meet the safety requirements of large-scale hydrogen storage and power generation; and the operation and maintenance module has a fault early warning function, providing timely reminders for equipment maintenance. In this embodiment, when the system is working, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic subsystem is preferentially fed into the power grid. When the grid load is low and the photovoltaic power is excessive, the intelligent control system adjusts the distribution of photovoltaic power, sending the excess power to the hydrogen production subsystem for electrolysis to produce hydrogen and storing it in the hydrogen storage subsystem. When the grid load is high and the photovoltaic power is insufficient, the hydrogen storage subsystem releases hydrogen and converts it into electricity through the fuel cell module, which is then fed into the grid to supplement the power supply gap. The intelligent control system optimizes the photovoltaic absorption, hydrogen storage and grid power supply through optimized control algorithms, thereby improving the economic and environmental benefits of the system and reducing the peak-shaving pressure on the power grid.
[0088] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this application can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
[0089] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / terminal equipment and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / terminal equipment embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.
[0090] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.
[0091] If the integrated module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately added or removed according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.
[0092] The implementation of all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be accomplished by a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a terminal device, the terminal device can implement the steps in the various method embodiments described above.
[0093] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. An integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system, characterized in that, include: A photovoltaic subsystem is used to convert solar energy into direct current. A hydrogen production subsystem is used to receive the direct current to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. It includes an electrolyzer module and a purification module, wherein the purification module is used to purify the electrolysis products into high-purity hydrogen. A hydrogen storage subsystem for storing the high-purity hydrogen includes at least two hydrogen storage modules with different hydrogen storage methods, and is configured to provide real-time feedback of hydrogen storage status parameters to characterize the current amount of hydrogen stored. The power supply system includes a fuel cell module and an energy storage buffer module, wherein the energy storage buffer module is used to buffer power fluctuations; The intelligent control system is connected to each subsystem via signals. It has a built-in load allocation algorithm and a power smoothing control algorithm. The load allocation algorithm is used to dynamically allocate power according to the photovoltaic power generation, the hydrogen storage state parameters and load demand. The power smoothing control algorithm is used to smooth the photovoltaic output power and dynamically adjust the working power of the electrolyzer module. And an auxiliary subsystem, including a water circulation module, which collects water generated by the operation of the power supply system and circulates it to the hydrogen production subsystem.
2. The integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purification module includes a gas-liquid separation unit and a pressure swing adsorption unit. The output end of the gas-liquid separation unit is connected to the input end of the pressure swing adsorption unit. The gas-liquid separation unit is used to separate the electrolyte to obtain crude hydrogen, and the pressure swing adsorption unit is used to deeply purify the crude hydrogen, outputting hydrogen with a purity of not less than 99.999% and a dew point not higher than -70℃.
3. The integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrolytic cell module is a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, comprising a fastening end plate, an insulating pad, a current collector, an anode bipolar plate, an anode gas diffusion layer, an anode catalytic layer, a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalytic layer, a cathode gas diffusion layer, a cathode bipolar plate, a current collector, an insulating pad, and a fastening end plate stacked sequentially. The energy storage buffer module is a lithium battery or a vanadium redox flow battery, and its state of charge operating range is 20%~80%. The power smoothing control algorithm outputs the photovoltaic power to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer after smoothing and filtering. The energy storage buffer module works in conjunction with the power smoothing control algorithm to charge during photovoltaic power peaks and discharge during photovoltaic power troughs, so as to filter out photovoltaic power step fluctuations.
4. The integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage module includes a compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module and a solid hydrogen storage module; The compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module is used for short-term rapid hydrogen storage, and its hydrogen storage pressure is 35~70MPa. The solid-state hydrogen storage module uses metal hydride hydrogen storage materials for long-term, large-capacity hydrogen storage. The intelligent control system dynamically controls the hydrogen charging and discharging path based on the hydrogen storage status parameters, real-time power generation, and load demand: in case of emergency power supply, hydrogen is preferentially drawn from the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module, and in case of long-term storage or peak shaving and valley filling, the solid hydrogen storage module is preferentially used.
5. The integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control system also has a built-in equipment life prediction algorithm. The load allocation algorithm, the power smoothing control algorithm, and the equipment lifetime prediction algorithm constitute a multi-timescale collaborative control architecture. The load allocation algorithm is used to formulate a power allocation plan with the goal of maximizing economic benefits on the day-ahead timescale, and to make rolling corrections based on real-time data during the day. The power smoothing control algorithm is used to smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations on a time scale of seconds to milliseconds. The equipment life prediction algorithm is used to predict the remaining service life based on the equipment operating parameters, and to send a constraint signal to the load distribution algorithm when the equipment parameters deviate from the healthy range to limit the equipment operating power or perform a rotating shutdown.
6. The photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply integrated system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The system has a grid-connected operation mode and an off-grid operation mode, and can switch between the two modes; The system is applicable to any application scenario, including centralized photovoltaic power plants, remote areas without power grids, and industrial parks. The auxiliary subsystem also includes a safety protection module, which includes a hydrogen leak detection device and overpressure, overcurrent, and overheat protection devices.
7. A control method for an integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system, characterized in that, The system applied to any one of claims 1 to 6 includes the following steps: Step S1: Collect real-time power generation and meteorological data of the photovoltaic subsystem; Step S2: Based on the real-time power generation, the hydrogen storage state parameters of the hydrogen storage subsystem, the state of charge of the energy storage buffer module, and the load demand, the destination of photovoltaic power is dynamically allocated using a load allocation algorithm. Step S3: The hydrogen production subsystem receives the allocated DC power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. After purification, high-purity hydrogen is obtained and transported to the hydrogen storage subsystem for storage. Step S4: When power is needed, the hydrogen storage subsystem delivers hydrogen to the fuel cell module of the power supply system, converts it into electrical energy, and outputs it. Step S5: Monitor the operating parameters of each subsystem in real time throughout the process, and have the intelligent control system perform coordinated regulation.
8. The control method for the integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the load sharing algorithm includes: The current dispatch level aims to maximize economic benefits by predicting photovoltaic power and load demand for the next 24 hours, formulating a power allocation plan, and determining the target values for hydrogen storage state parameters and the target values for the state of charge of energy storage buffer modules. Intraday Correction Layer: Based on real-time data, the plan of the day-ahead scheduling layer is rolled over and adjusted dynamically to optimize the power distribution of the electrolyzer and fuel cell; Real-time control layer: Smooths the fluctuations in photovoltaic power from the second to the millisecond level, and adjusts the charging and discharging power of the energy storage buffer module according to the difference between the actual state of charge and the target state of charge, so that the power output to the electrolyzer is smooth and stable.
9. The control method for the integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage subsystem includes a compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module and a solid hydrogen storage module. In steps S2 and S4, the hydrogen charging and discharging path is dynamically selected based on the hydrogen storage state parameters, real-time power generation, and load demand: When charging hydrogen, if a rapid hydrogen supply is expected in the short term, hydrogen is preferentially charged to the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module; if it is for long-term storage, hydrogen is preferentially charged to the solid hydrogen storage module. When discharging hydrogen, in case of emergency power supply demand, hydrogen is preferentially drawn from the compressed gaseous hydrogen storage module; in case of non-emergency power supply demand, hydrogen is preferentially drawn from the solid hydrogen storage module.
10. The control method for the integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-power supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S5 further includes: the equipment life prediction algorithm predicts the remaining lifespan based on the operating parameters of each device, and when the health score of a device is lower than a preset threshold, a constraint signal is sent to the load allocation algorithm to force a reduction in the operating power of the device or to perform a rotating shutdown.