Photovoltaic-photothermal coupling multi-energy complementary building micro-grid system

Abstract

This invention discloses a photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system, belonging to the field of building new energy comprehensive utilization and microgrid power supply technology. The system includes a photovoltaic-thermal coupling module, a wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation supplementation module, and a microgrid energy storage and scheduling module. A liquid-cooled circulation structure is installed between the photovoltaic module backsheet and the support layer to recover waste heat generated during photovoltaic module operation and transport the heat transfer medium to a trough-type solar thermal collector for secondary heating. The heated heat transfer medium enters the solar thermal power generation unit, transferring heat to the organic working fluid through a heat exchanger. The organic working fluid drives an expander to generate electricity. The waste heat generated is used for building heating or domestic hot water supply through a waste heat utilization unit, achieving cascade utilization of thermal energy. The wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation supplementation module provides auxiliary power for low-power building equipment. The electricity generated by each power generation unit is uniformly connected to the microgrid energy storage and scheduling module for storage, scheduling, and distribution. This invention constructs a thermal energy coupling and cascade utilization link of "photovoltaic waste heat recovery - trough solar thermal heating - solar thermal power generation - waste heat utilization", realizing multi-source energy collaborative power supply in building scenarios and improving the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of buildings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building new energy comprehensive utilization and microgrid power supply technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of building energy consumption and the rapid development of new energy technologies, utilizing renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to construct building microgrid systems has become an important way to improve building energy efficiency. Photovoltaic power generation technology can directly convert solar energy into electricity, and has the advantages of being clean and renewable; solar thermal utilization technology can realize the collection and utilization of solar heat; wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation technology can utilize weak wind energy in the environment to provide auxiliary power for low-power devices. Introducing multiple energy utilization technologies into building energy systems is of great significance for improving building energy self-sufficiency and energy supply stability.

[0003] Currently, building renewable energy systems primarily utilize photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems, solar thermal systems, and wind power systems, operating independently or in simple combinations to provide energy. However, PV modules generate significant heat during operation, leading to increased module temperature and decreased power generation efficiency. This heat is often difficult to recover and utilize effectively, resulting in a waste of solar energy resources. Furthermore, existing PV and solar thermal systems lack effective heat transfer and synergistic utilization mechanisms, hindering continuous and cascaded utilization of thermal energy. In addition, the lack of unified and coordinated design among various energy utilization units in building settings means that energy utilization processes are relatively independent, and the overall energy efficiency of the system still needs further improvement.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a building microgrid system that can coordinate photovoltaic waste heat recovery, solar thermal heating, solar thermal power generation, and waste heat utilization to improve the comprehensive utilization of multi-source energy in building settings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of ineffective utilization of waste heat generated during the operation of photovoltaic modules in building settings, the independence of various energy utilization forms, and the low overall efficiency of building energy utilization. This invention provides a photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system. By constructing a thermal energy cascade utilization link that combines photovoltaic waste heat recovery, trough-type solar thermal heating, solar thermal power generation, and waste heat utilization, the system achieves the coordinated utilization of solar, wind, and thermal energy in building settings, thereby improving the overall utilization level of building energy systems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system includes a photovoltaic-thermal coupling module, a wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation module, and a microgrid energy storage and dispatch module. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling module includes photovoltaic modules, a liquid-cooled circulation structure, a trough-type solar thermal collector, a solar thermal power generation unit, and a waste heat utilization unit. The liquid-cooled circulation structure is disposed between the backsheet of the photovoltaic modules and the support layer. The liquid-cooled circulation structure has a heat-conducting medium circulation channel. The heat-conducting medium absorbs the heat generated during the operation of the photovoltaic modules and is then transported to the trough-type solar thermal collector for secondary heating, forming a thermal energy coupling link combining photovoltaic waste heat recovery and trough-type solar thermal heating. The heat-conducting medium heated by the trough-type solar thermal collector is then transported to the solar thermal power generation unit, which includes a heat exchanger, an organic working fluid circulation loop, an expander, and... The generator uses a heat transfer medium to transfer heat to the organic working fluid through a heat exchanger. The organic working fluid vaporizes upon heating, driving an expander to power the generator. The waste heat utilization unit is connected to the solar thermal power generation unit to recover the residual heat after solar thermal power generation and supply energy to the building heating system or domestic hot water system, forming a cascaded thermal energy utilization chain of photovoltaic waste heat recovery—trough solar thermal heating—solar thermal power generation—waste heat utilization. The wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation supplementary module is located in the windward area of ​​the building's exterior to provide auxiliary power to building sensors, environmental monitoring equipment, and emergency low-power devices. The microgrid energy storage and scheduling module is electrically connected to both the photovoltaic solar thermal coupling module and the wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation supplementary module to uniformly store, schedule, and distribute multi-source power to achieve multi-energy collaborative power supply in the building scenario.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0009] (1) The present invention sets up a liquid cooling circulation structure between the back sheet and the support layer of the photovoltaic module to recover the waste heat generated during the operation of the photovoltaic module and transport the recovered heat to the trough solar thermal collector for secondary heating, forming a thermal energy coupling link that combines photovoltaic waste heat recovery and trough solar thermal heating, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization level of solar energy resources.

[0010] (2) By setting up a solar thermal power generation unit, the present invention further uses the heat energy after being heated by the trough solar thermal collector for organic Rankine cycle power generation, thereby realizing the conversion of heat energy into electrical energy and improving the efficiency of heat energy utilization.

[0011] (3) By setting up a waste heat utilization unit, the present invention recovers and utilizes the residual heat after solar thermal power generation, forming a thermal energy cascade utilization chain of photovoltaic waste heat recovery - trough solar thermal heating - solar thermal power generation - waste heat utilization, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate of the system.

[0012] (4) This invention combines the solar energy resources on the building roof, the wind energy resources around the building and the building heat load demand, and coordinates the photovoltaic photothermal coupling module, the wind-driven friction nano-power generation supplement module and the microgrid energy storage scheduling module to realize multi-energy coordinated power supply in building scenarios and improve the operational stability of building energy systems. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system according to the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal coupling structure between the photovoltaic module, liquid cooling circulation structure, trough-type solar thermal collector and ORC power generation unit of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation supplementary module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] In practice, photovoltaic (PV) modules are installed on the building's rooftop, with a liquid-cooled circulation structure positioned between the PV module backsheet and the supporting layer. During operation, the PV modules generate heat. Driven by a circulation pump, the heat transfer medium flows through microchannel heat exchange plates within the liquid-cooled circulation structure, absorbing the heat generated by the PV modules. The heated heat transfer medium is then transported to a trough-type solar thermal collector via a circulation pipeline. The trough-type solar thermal collector utilizes solar radiation to reheat the heat transfer medium, improving its thermal energy quality.

[0017] The heat transfer medium, heated by the parabolic trough solar thermal collector, enters the heat exchanger in the solar thermal power generation unit, where it transfers heat to the organic working fluid in the organic working fluid circulation loop. The heated organic working fluid evaporates to form high-temperature, high-pressure working fluid vapor, which drives an expander to rotate. The expander then drives a generator to produce electricity. After performing its work, the organic working fluid enters a condenser, condenses, and returns to the organic working fluid circulation loop for continued reuse.

[0018] The residual heat from solar thermal power generation is transferred to the building heating system or domestic hot water system through the waste heat utilization unit, realizing the cascade utilization of thermal energy. The electricity generated by the photovoltaic modules, the electricity generated by the solar thermal power generation unit, and the electricity generated by the wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation supplementary module are all connected to the microgrid energy storage and dispatch module, which performs unified storage, dispatch, and distribution to supply power to the building load.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic photo-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building micro-grid system, characterized in that, This includes a photovoltaic photothermal coupling module, a wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation supplementation module, and a microgrid energy storage and dispatching module; The photovoltaic-thermal coupling module includes a photovoltaic module, a liquid-cooled circulation structure, a trough-type solar thermal collector, a solar thermal power generation unit, and a waste heat utilization unit. The liquid cooling circulation structure is set between the back sheet of the photovoltaic module and the support layer. The liquid cooling circulation structure is provided with a heat-conducting medium circulation channel. After absorbing the heat generated during the operation of the photovoltaic module, the heat-conducting medium is transported to the trough solar thermal collector for secondary heating, so as to form a thermal energy coupling link that combines photovoltaic waste heat recovery and trough solar thermal heating. The heat transfer medium heated by the parabolic trough solar thermal collector is transported to the solar thermal power generation unit. The solar thermal power generation unit includes a heat exchanger, an organic working fluid circulation loop, an expander, and a generator. The heat transfer medium transfers heat to the organic working fluid through the heat exchanger. After the organic working fluid is heated and vaporized, it drives the expander to drive the generator to generate electricity. The waste heat utilization unit is connected to the solar thermal power generation unit to recover the residual heat after solar thermal power generation and supply energy to the building heating system or domestic hot water system, so as to form a thermal energy cascade utilization chain of "photovoltaic waste heat recovery - trough solar thermal heating - solar thermal power generation - waste heat utilization". The wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation module is installed in the windward area of ​​the building's exterior and is used to provide auxiliary power to building sensors, environmental monitoring equipment and emergency low-power devices. The microgrid energy storage and scheduling module is electrically connected to the photovoltaic photothermal coupling module and the wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation supplementation module, respectively, and is used to uniformly store, schedule and distribute multi-source power to achieve multi-energy collaborative power supply in building scenarios.

2. The photovoltaic-photo thermal coupled multi-capability complementary building micro-grid system of claim 1, wherein, The liquid cooling circulation structure includes a microchannel heat exchange plate, a circulation pump, and a heat transfer medium circulation pipeline. The microchannel heat exchange plate is attached between the back sheet of the photovoltaic module and the support layer. The heat transfer medium flows along the inside of the microchannel heat exchange plate under the drive of the circulation pump to absorb the heat generated during the operation of the photovoltaic module.

3. The photovoltaic-photo thermal coupled multi-capability complementary building micro-grid system of claim 1, wherein, The trough-type solar thermal collector is connected to the liquid cooling circulation structure through a heat transfer medium circulation pipeline. The heat transfer medium, after absorbing the waste heat of the photovoltaic module, enters the trough-type solar thermal collector for secondary heating, so as to improve the heat energy quality of the heat transfer medium and form a thermal energy coupling link that combines photovoltaic waste heat recovery and trough-type solar thermal heating.

4. A photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar thermal power generation unit includes a heat exchanger, an organic working fluid circulation loop, an expander, and a generator. The heat transfer medium, heated by the trough solar thermal collector, enters the heat exchanger and transfers heat to the organic working fluid. After the organic working fluid is heated and vaporized, it drives the expander to rotate, and the expander drives the generator to generate electricity.

5. A photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste heat utilization unit is connected to the solar thermal power generation unit. The low-grade heat energy after solar thermal power generation is transported to the building heating system or domestic hot water system through a heat exchange device to realize the cascade utilization of heat energy.

6. A photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microgrid energy storage scheduling module includes an energy storage battery pack, an energy management unit, and a power distribution unit. The energy storage battery pack is electrically connected to a photovoltaic photothermal coupling module and a wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation supplementation module, respectively, for storing, scheduling, and distributing multi-source power.

7. A photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation module includes a wind-driven mechanism, a triboelectric nano-power generation unit, a rectifier energy storage unit, and an output unit. The wind-driven mechanism drives the triboelectric nano-power generation unit to generate electrical energy, which is then processed by the rectifier energy storage unit and output to building sensors, environmental monitoring equipment, wireless communication nodes, or emergency lighting equipment. This module is used to continuously power low-power devices at night, in rainy or low-light environments.

8. A photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The triboelectric nanogenerator unit adopts a contact-separation working mode, including a first friction layer and a second friction layer arranged opposite each other. Under the action of the wind-driven mechanism, the first friction layer and the second friction layer periodically contact and separate, generating electrical energy through triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction effect.

9. A photovoltaic-thermal coupled multi-energy complementary building microgrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic modules, liquid-cooled circulation structure, and trough-type solar thermal collector are installed on the roof of the building. The wind-driven triboelectric nano-power generation module is installed on the exterior wall, balcony, or windward area of ​​the building. The waste heat utilization unit is connected to the building heating system or domestic hot water system to form a multi-source collaborative energy supply system adapted to the building's spatial layout and energy demand.

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