Circuit structure for multi-port charger and multi-port charger
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610806848.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-15
Smart Images
Figure CN122763733A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of charger technology, and more particularly to a circuit structure for a multi-port charger and a multi-port charger. Background Technology
[0002] As the power of PD (Power Delivery) chargers continues to increase, the energy efficiency standard has been upgraded from ERP6 (Level 6 energy efficiency) to ERP7 (Level 7 energy efficiency). Compared with ERP6, ERP7 simplifies the testing method (only measuring the efficiency of the lowest and highest output voltage values and the maximum current level), but at the same time raises the qualification threshold and adds a light load efficiency test of "1 / 10 of full load" under high voltage and low voltage.
[0003] In related technologies, high-power chargers generally adopt an architecture of PFC (Power Factor Correction) + AHB (Asymmetric Half-Bridge Converter) + BUCK (Buck Converter). When outputting a low voltage of 5V, the BUCK circuit suffers from extremely low efficiency due to its large input-output voltage difference and high light-load losses, making it difficult to meet the 1 / 10 load efficiency requirement of ERP7. Furthermore, this architecture has limited 5V output capability, allowing for a maximum of only 3 ports, totaling 5V / 9A, barely reaching ERP6. To achieve 10 ports, each with 5V / 3A (30A total) and simultaneously passing through ERP7, 3-4 sets of AHB circuits need to be connected in parallel, drastically increasing costs. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to address the technical problems of existing multi-port chargers, such as high conversion stages and low efficiency at low voltage output, making it difficult to meet the Level 7 energy efficiency standard, and the high cost caused by the need for multi-path parallel schemes in multi-port high-current output scenarios. Therefore, a circuit structure and a multi-port charger for a multi-port charger are proposed. Firstly, a circuit structure for a multi-port charger is provided, which includes a resonant converter module, a buck converter module, a first switching module, and a control module. The resonant converter module includes a first voltage output terminal and a second voltage output terminal. The first voltage output terminal outputs a first voltage, and the second voltage output terminal outputs a second voltage. The first voltage is a fixed voltage, and the second voltage is higher than the first voltage. The input terminal of the buck converter module is connected to the second voltage output terminal, and the output terminal of the buck converter module is connected to each of the charging ports. The input terminal of the first switch module is connected to the first voltage output terminal, and the output terminal of the first switch module is connected to each of the charging ports. A control module is connected to the resonant converter module, the buck converter module, and the first switch module. The control module is configured to: when all charging ports request the first voltage, control the first switch module to turn on and control the buck converter module to turn off; when any charging port requests a voltage higher than the first voltage, control the first switch module to turn off and start the buck converter module.
[0005] In some embodiments, the resonant converter module includes a primary-side half-bridge circuit, a resonant transformer, and a secondary-side synchronous rectifier circuit. The primary-side half-bridge circuit includes a first switch and a second switch. The first terminal of the first switch is connected to the high-voltage input terminal, and the second terminal of the first switch is connected to the first terminal of the second switch to form a first node. The second terminal of the second switch is connected to power ground. The first node is connected to the first terminal of the primary winding of the resonant transformer, and the second terminal of the primary winding of the resonant transformer is connected to a resonant capacitor and then to power ground or the high-voltage input terminal. The secondary-side synchronous rectifier circuit includes a synchronous rectifier control circuit. The resonant transformer includes a controller, a third switch, and a fourth switch. The first end of the secondary winding of the resonant transformer is connected to the first end of the third switch, and the second end of the secondary winding of the resonant transformer is connected to the first end of the fourth switch. The second ends of the third and fourth switches are connected to power ground. The control terminals of the third and fourth switches are respectively connected to the drive output terminals of the synchronous rectifier controller. The output terminal of the secondary synchronous rectifier circuit is connected to the second voltage output terminal. The resonant transformer also has a second secondary winding, and the output terminal of the second secondary winding is rectified and connected to the first voltage output terminal.
[0006] In some embodiments, the circuit structure further includes an adjustable feedback network, through which the control module is connected to the resonant converter module. The adjustable feedback network includes multiple adjustment branches, each of which is connected in parallel. One end of the parallel connection is connected to the voltage feedback terminal of the resonant converter module, and the other end is connected to a reference ground. Each adjustment branch includes a branch resistor and a fifth switching transistor. The control module is connected to the control terminal of each fifth switching transistor, and by controlling the on / off state of each fifth switching transistor, the total resistance value of the adjustable feedback network is changed, thereby adjusting the output voltage of the second voltage output terminal.
[0007] In some implementations, when the control module detects that any charging port requests a voltage higher than the first voltage, it first controls each of the fifth switches to make the adjustable feedback network present a minimum resistance value, so that the second voltage output terminal outputs the highest preset voltage; after the voltage distribution of each charging port is completed, it controls each of the fifth switches to make the adjustable feedback network present a target resistance value, so that the voltage of the second voltage output terminal drops to a level where the difference between the voltage and the highest requested voltage among all charging ports is less than a preset threshold.
[0008] In some embodiments, the buck converter module includes a synchronous buck controller, a sixth switch, a seventh switch, and an inductor; the first terminal of the sixth switch is connected to the second voltage output terminal, the second terminal of the sixth switch is connected to the first terminal of the seventh switch to form a second node, and the second terminal of the seventh switch is connected to power ground; the high-side drive output terminal of the synchronous buck controller is connected to the control terminal of the sixth switch, and the low-side drive output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the seventh switch; the first terminal of the inductor is connected to the second node, and the second terminal of the inductor is connected to the charging port.
[0009] In some embodiments, the first switching module includes an eighth switch and a ninth switch, which are connected in parallel; the drains of the eighth and ninth switches are connected to the first voltage output terminal, the sources of the eighth and ninth switches are connected to the charging port, and the gates of the eighth and ninth switches are connected to the control output terminal of the synchronous buck controller.
[0010] In some embodiments, the control module includes a protocol control chip, wherein a first configuration channel pin of the protocol control chip is connected to a first configuration channel line of the charging port, a second configuration channel pin is connected to a second configuration channel line of the charging port, a positive data pin is connected to a positive data line of the charging port, and a negative data pin is connected to a negative data line of the charging port; the protocol control chip is also connected to the synchronous buck controller via a serial clock line and a serial data line.
[0011] In some implementations, the first temperature detection pin of the protocol control chip is connected to the first end of the first thermistor, and the second end of the first thermistor is connected to a reference ground; the second temperature detection pin of the protocol control chip is connected to the first end of the second thermistor, and the second end of the second thermistor is connected to a reference ground.
[0012] In some embodiments, the resonant converter module includes a resonant controller having a high-voltage pin directly connected to a first terminal of an X capacitor on the AC input side, and a second terminal of the X capacitor connected to an AC input terminal or a reference ground; the resonant controller discharges the X capacitor through the high-voltage pin when the input is de-energized.
[0013] Secondly, a multi-port charger is provided, and the circuit structure for the multi-port charger includes the circuit structure for the multi-port charger described in the above embodiments.
[0014] The circuit structure for a multi-port charger provided in this application solves the technical problems of low efficiency and difficulty in meeting the Level 7 energy efficiency standard caused by multi-stage transformation during low-voltage, high-current output, and the high cost of multi-path parallel schemes in multi-port output scenarios, by setting up a resonant converter module with a fixed voltage output terminal and an adjustable voltage output terminal, and by using the switching between the first switching module and the buck converter module. It realizes that the resonant converter module directly supplies power during low-voltage output, avoiding voltage reduction losses and significantly improving low-voltage efficiency to meet the Level 7 energy efficiency requirements; during high-voltage output, a single-stage voltage reduction is performed through the buck converter module, which is simple and cost-controllable; at the same time, the voltage of the adjustable voltage output terminal is dynamically adjusted so that the input voltage of the buck converter module is close to the output voltage, further reducing losses, and taking into account the beneficial effects of high energy efficiency and low cost. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] in: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure for a multi-port charger in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the resonant converter module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3This is a circuit diagram of the buck converter module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the first switching module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the control module in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: multi-port charger 100, resonant converter module 10, step-down converter module 20, first switch module 30, control device 40. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] It should be noted that the terms "setup" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to direct setup or connection, or indirect setup or connection through centered components or centered structures.
[0020] Furthermore, in embodiments of this invention, terms such as "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer" are used to indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or in a conventional placement or usage state. These terms are merely for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the structures, features, devices, or elements referred to must have a specific orientation or positional relationship, nor that they must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.
[0021] The various specific technical features and embodiments described in the detailed embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. For example, different implementation methods can be formed by combining different specific technical features / embodiments. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the various possible combinations of the various specific technical features / embodiments in this invention will not be described separately.
[0022] Please see Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure for a multi-port charger 100 provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0023] The circuit structure for the multi-port charger 100 includes a resonant converter module 10, a buck converter module 20, a first switch module 30, and a control module 40. The resonant converter module 10 includes a first voltage output terminal and a second voltage output terminal. The first voltage output terminal outputs a first voltage, and the second voltage output terminal outputs a second voltage. The first voltage is a fixed voltage, and the second voltage is higher than the first voltage. The input terminal of the buck converter module 20 is connected to the second voltage output terminal, and the output terminal of the buck converter module 20 is connected to each charging port 50. The input terminal of the first switch module 30 is connected to the first voltage output terminal, and the output terminal of the first switch module 30 is connected to each charging port 50. The control module 40 is connected to the resonant converter module 10, the buck converter module 20, and the first switch module 30. The control module 40 is configured to: when all charging ports 50 request the first voltage, control the first switch module 30 to turn on and control the buck converter module 20 to turn off; when any charging port 50 requests a voltage higher than the first voltage, control the first switch module 30 to turn off and start the buck converter module 20.
[0024] Specifically, the multi-port charger 100 can be a power adapter with multiple charging ports 50, each charging port 50 being a USB Type-C interface. The resonant converter module 10 can be an LLC resonant converter, which includes a first voltage output terminal and a second voltage output terminal.
[0025] The first voltage output terminal can be a winding output terminal for outputting a fixed voltage value, which can be 5 volts. The second voltage output terminal can be another winding output terminal for outputting an adjustable voltage value higher than the first voltage, which can be adjusted within the range of 5 volts to 29 volts. The buck converter module 20 can be a synchronous buck converter, with its input terminal connected to the second voltage output terminal and its output terminals connected to each charging port 50, for stepping down the second voltage to the target voltage requested by each port.
[0026] The first switching module 30 can be a switching circuit composed of two MOSFETs connected in parallel. Its input terminal is connected to the first voltage output terminal, and its output terminal is connected to each charging port 50 respectively, for directly sending the first voltage to each port. The control module 40 can be a microcontroller or dedicated chip with PD protocol processing capability, and it is connected to the feedback control terminal of the resonant converter module 10, the control terminal of the buck converter module 20, and the control terminal of the first switching module 30 respectively.
[0027] The control module 40 is configured to operate in two states: when all charging ports 50 request the first voltage, the control module 40 controls the first switch module 30 to turn on and simultaneously controls the buck converter module 20 to turn off, so that the first voltage output terminal of the resonant converter module 10 directly supplies power to each port; when any charging port 50 requests a voltage higher than the first voltage, the control module 40 controls the first switch module 30 to turn off and starts the buck converter module 20, so that the second voltage output terminal of the resonant converter module 10 is stepped down by the buck converter module 20 and then supplied to each port.
[0028] In the initial state, all charging ports 50 communicate with the power-consuming equipment via the PD protocol, and the control module 40 obtains the voltage request from each port. If all ports request the first voltage, for example, all requesting a 5-volt output, the control module 40 determines that it has entered the low-voltage direct-through mode. At this time, the control module 40 sends a turn-on signal to the first switch module 30, turning on the MOSFET in the first switch module 30, and simultaneously sends a turn-off signal to the buck converter module 20, stopping its internal synchronous buck controller from working. The fixed first voltage output from the first voltage output terminal of the resonant converter module 10 is directly sent to each charging port 50 via the first switch module 30, without going through the buck converter module 20, thus avoiding energy loss caused by multi-stage conversion.
[0029] If any charging port 50 requests a voltage higher than the first voltage, such as requesting a 20-volt output, the control module 40 immediately determines to enter the high-voltage buck mode. The control module 40 first sends a shutdown signal to the first switch module 30, disconnecting the first voltage output from the port. Then, it sends a start signal to the buck converter module 20, initiating its synchronous buck controller. Simultaneously, the control module 40 sends a command to the resonant converter module 10, causing its second voltage output to output the highest preset voltage, such as 29 volts. This voltage serves as the input voltage to the buck converter module 20. The buck converter module 20, based on the requested voltage from each port, uses its internal synchronous buck circuit to step down the 29 volts to the target voltage required by each port, such as 20 volts or 9 volts.
[0030] After all port voltages are distributed, the control module 40 further adjusts the voltage at the second voltage output terminal of the resonant converter module 10 through an adjustable feedback network, reducing it to slightly higher than the highest requested voltage among all current ports. For example, when the highest requested voltage is 20 volts, the voltage at the second voltage output terminal is reduced to approximately 21 volts. At this point, the input voltage and output voltage of the buck converter module 20 are very close, resulting in minimal buck loss and a significant improvement in overall efficiency.
[0031] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are that, in the case of pure low-voltage output, the circuit structure directly conducts the fixed voltage output terminal of the resonant converter module 10 through the first switching module 30, avoiding the switching losses of the buck converter module 20. This allows the low-voltage, high-current output efficiency to reach up to 92%, easily meeting the stringent requirements of the Level 7 energy efficiency standard for low-voltage light-load and full-load efficiency. When high-voltage output is required, the buck converter module 20 is activated for single-stage voltage reduction, avoiding the high cost of using multiple parallel converters as required in the prior art. Simultaneously, the control module 40 can dynamically adjust the voltage of the second voltage output terminal of the resonant converter module 10 according to the actual needs of the port, ensuring it is always slightly higher than the highest requested voltage of the port. This ensures that the buck converter module 20 always operates in a quasi-direct-through state where the input voltage and output voltage are close, further reducing buck losses and heat generation.
[0032] Furthermore, this circuit requires only one resonant converter module 10 and one buck converter module 20 to achieve simultaneous output of different voltages from multiple ports, eliminating the need for multiple parallel connections and significantly reducing the number of components and manufacturing costs. Therefore, this application effectively solves the technical problems of low low-voltage efficiency, difficulty in meeting Level 7 energy efficiency requirements, and high cost when using multi-port high-current output in existing multi-port chargers 100, achieving a balance between high energy efficiency and low cost.
[0033] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the resonant conversion module 10 in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the resonant converter module 10 includes a primary half-bridge circuit, a resonant transformer, and a secondary synchronous rectifier circuit. The primary-side half-bridge circuit includes a first switching transistor and a second switching transistor. The first end of the first switching transistor is connected to the high-voltage input terminal, and the second end of the first switching transistor is connected to the first end of the second switching transistor to form a first node. The second end of the second switching transistor is connected to power ground. The first node is connected to the first end of the primary winding of the resonant transformer. The second end of the primary winding of the resonant transformer is connected to a resonant capacitor and then to power ground or the high-voltage input terminal. The secondary-side synchronous rectifier circuit includes a synchronous rectifier controller, a third switch, and a fourth switch. The first end of the secondary winding of the resonant transformer is connected to the first end of the third switch, and the second end of the secondary winding of the resonant transformer is connected to the first end of the fourth switch. The second ends of the third and fourth switches are connected to power ground. The control terminals of the third and fourth switches are respectively connected to the drive output terminals of the synchronous rectifier controller. The output terminal of the secondary-side synchronous rectifier circuit is connected to the second voltage output terminal. The resonant transformer also has a second secondary winding, and the output terminal of the second secondary winding is rectified and connected to the first voltage output terminal.
[0035] like Figure 2As shown, the primary-side half-bridge circuit can include an upper transistor Q5 (corresponding to the first switching transistor) and a lower transistor Q4 (corresponding to the second switching transistor). The drain of Q5 (pin 1) is connected to the high-voltage input terminal HV+; the source of Q5 (pins 2, 3, 4) is shorted to the drain of Q4 (pins 1, 2, 3, 4) to form the first node SWS; the source of Q4 (pins 5, 6, 9) is connected to the power ground PGND. The first node SWS is connected to pin 2 (the first end of the primary winding) of the 20T main power winding of the resonant transformer T2; pin 4 (the second end of the primary winding) of the 20T winding of T2 is connected to the common node of the auxiliary winding through the resonant network composed of capacitor C23 and resistor R54. This common node is then connected to the SWS node through resistors R51, R49, etc., to form a resonant circuit (the actual resonant capacitance is achieved by C23 and the transformer parasitic capacitance).
[0036] The secondary-side synchronous rectification circuit may include a synchronous rectification controller U8, a third switch Q7, and a fourth switch Q6. The upper end (connected to the V+ node) of the 3T secondary winding of the resonant transformer T2 is connected to the drain of Q7 (pins 5, 6, 7, 8), and the lower end (connected to the V- node) is connected to the drain of Q6 (pins 5, 6, 7, 8). The sources of Q7 and Q6 (pins 1, 2, 3) are connected to the power ground SGND_200WA. The gate of Q7 (pin 4) is connected to the drive output terminal VG (pin 4) of U8 via resistor R66, and the gate of Q6 (pin 4) is connected to the VG pin of U8 via resistor R63. U8's VDD (pin 1) and VD (pin 8) are connected to the second voltage output terminal 200W_22VA. U8's VB (pin 6) is connected to the SR_VA node. U8's VS (pin 7) is connected to SGND_200WA. U8's PGND (pin 5) and GND (pin 3) are also connected to SGND_200WA. The output terminal of the secondary-side synchronous rectifier circuit (i.e., the common node of the drains of Q7 and Q6) outputs the second voltage 200W_22VA (i.e., the second voltage output terminal) after passing through filter capacitors EC7 and EC8.
[0037] The resonant transformer T2 also has a second secondary winding (i.e., the V+ terminal of the 3T winding). The upper end of this winding directly outputs V+, which is rectified (by a body diode or an external diode) and filtered before being connected to the first voltage output terminal (fixed 5.2V, i.e., V5+). Specifically, the upper end of the 3T winding of T2 is connected to the V+ node, which is also connected to the input terminal (drain of Q9 and Q10) of the first switching module 30 and 200W_22VA (actually, V+ and 200W_22VA are at the same node, but are rectified through different paths). More precisely, the first voltage output terminal (5.2V) actually comes from the output of the 3T winding of T2 after rectification by synchronous rectifier diodes Q6 and Q7 (i.e., 200W_22VA). However, in order to distinguish between the fixed low voltage and the adjustable high voltage, an independent 5V direct path is set up in the circuit: another fixed 5.2V output from LLC (possibly from another winding or voltage divider) is directly output through Q9 and Q10. According to the circuit you provided, the first voltage output terminal V5+ is connected to the drain of Q9, and the drain of Q9 is connected to the power supply terminal of V5+. This V5+ is the fixed first voltage provided by the resonant converter module 10.
[0038] In some embodiments, the circuit structure also includes an adjustable feedback network, through which the control module 40 is connected to the resonant converter module 10; The adjustable feedback network includes multiple adjustment branches, each of which is connected in parallel. One end of the parallel connection is connected to the voltage feedback terminal of the resonant converter module 10, and the other end is connected to the reference ground. Each regulating branch includes a branch resistor and a fifth switching transistor. The control module 40 is connected to the control terminal of each fifth switching transistor. By controlling the on / off state of each fifth switching transistor, the total resistance value of the adjustable feedback network is changed, thereby adjusting the output voltage of the second voltage output terminal.
[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the adjustable feedback network can include three parallel adjustment branches (the actual number depends on the design; three branches are shown in the figure), corresponding to the eighth switch Q8, the twelfth switch Q12, and the thirteenth switch Q13 (corresponding to the fifth switch) and their respective branch resistors.
[0040] The first branch may include resistor R55 (branch resistor) and the eighth switch Q8. One end of R55 is connected to the second voltage output terminal (200W_22VA) of the resonant converter module 10, and the other end of R55 is connected to the drain of Q8; the source of Q8 is connected to the reference ground (SGND_200WA) via resistor R57; the gate of Q8 is connected to the control signal output terminal QR13 of the control module 40 (U6).
[0041] The second branch may include resistor R71 and twelfth switch Q12. One end of R71 is connected to 200W_22VA, and the other end is connected to the drain of Q12; the source of Q12 is connected to SGND_200WA via resistor R85; the gate of Q12 is connected to the control signal output terminal QR11 of control module 40.
[0042] The third branch may include resistor R84 and the thirteenth switch Q13. One end of R84 is connected to 200W_22VA, and the other end is connected to the drain of Q13; the source of Q13 is connected to SGND_200WA via resistor R86; the gate of Q13 is connected to the control signal output terminal QR12 of the control module 40.
[0043] One end of the resistors (R55, R71, R84) in the three branches is connected to the second voltage output terminal 200W_22VA of the resonant converter module 10. The source of each branch's switching transistor is connected to the reference ground SGND_200WA through its respective source resistor (R57, R85, R86). After these branches are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance from 200W_22VA to the reference ground depends on the on / off combination of each switching transistor.
[0044] The common terminal of the parallel network (i.e., the 200W_22VA node) is connected to the voltage feedback terminal of the resonant converter module 10. (In the actual circuit, the 200W_22VA voltage is fed back to the COMP or ENPFC pin of the resonant controller U5 through a resistor divider network (such as R240, R245, etc.) and optocouplers U23A / U23B, thereby adjusting the output voltage of the second voltage output terminal.) The control module 40 (U6) controls the conduction or cutoff of Q12, Q13, and Q8 through signals QR11, QR12, and QR13, respectively, changing the overall voltage division ratio and thus adjusting the voltage value of the second voltage output terminal.
[0045] In some implementations, when the control module 40 detects that any charging port 50 requests a voltage higher than the first voltage, it first controls each fifth switch to make the adjustable feedback network present a minimum resistance value, so that the second voltage output terminal outputs the highest preset voltage. After the voltage distribution of each charging port 50 is completed, control each fifth switch to make the adjustable feedback network present the target resistance value, so that the voltage at the second voltage output terminal drops to a level less than the difference between the voltage at the second voltage output terminal and the highest requested voltage among all current charging ports 50.
[0046] Specifically, when U6 detects a request for a voltage higher than 5V from any charging port 50 via the CC line, U6 first outputs high-level signals QR11, QR12, and QR13 through its GPIO ports (DN_A, DP_A, DP_B), driving all switches Q12, Q13, and Q8 to conduct. This minimizes the total resistance of the adjustable feedback network (R55, R71, R84 connected in parallel), resulting in the lowest feedback voltage of the resonant converter module 10. Consequently, the second voltage output terminal 200W_22VA outputs the highest preset voltage of 29V. After the voltage distribution at each port is completed and a 5-second delay occurs, U6 selectively shuts off some signals in QR11, QR12, and QR13 based on the highest requested voltage (e.g., 20V) at the current port, turning off the corresponding switches. This increases the total resistance of the feedback network, lowering the 200W_22VA voltage to approximately 21V. This ensures that the input voltage of the buck converter module 20 is slightly higher than its output voltage, achieving quasi-direct-through operation and significantly improving efficiency.
[0047] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the buck converter module 20 in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the buck converter module 20 includes a synchronous buck controller, a sixth switch, a seventh switch, and an inductor; the first terminal of the sixth switch is connected to the second voltage output terminal, the second terminal of the sixth switch is connected to the first terminal of the seventh switch and forms a second node, and the second terminal of the seventh switch is connected to power ground; the high-side drive output terminal of the synchronous buck controller is connected to the control terminal of the sixth switch, and the low-side drive output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the seventh switch; the first terminal of the inductor is connected to the second node, and the second terminal of the inductor is connected to the charging port 50.
[0049] Specifically, the synchronous buck controller can be the control chip U1 (CY43071). The sixth switch can be Q1. The drain (first terminal) of Q1 is connected to the second voltage output terminal, i.e., node V5P. In the actual circuit, node V5P is connected to the second voltage output terminal 200W_22VA of the resonant converter module 10. The source (second terminal) of Q1 is connected to node SW (i.e., the second node). The seventh switch can be Q2. The drain (first terminal) of Q2 is connected to node SW, and the source (second terminal) of Q2 is connected to power ground SGND_200WA.
[0050] The inductor can be L1. The first end of L1 is connected to the SW node, and the second end of L1 is connected to the VBUS output node of charging port 50. The high-side drive output terminal HG (pin 17) of U1 is connected to the gate (control terminal) of Q1 through resistor R4. The low-side drive output terminal LG (pin 15) of U1 is directly connected to the gate (control terminal) of Q2.
[0051] Figure 4This is a circuit diagram of the first switch module 30 in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the first switching module 30 includes an eighth switching transistor and a ninth switching transistor, which are connected in parallel; the drains of the eighth and ninth switching transistors are connected to the first voltage output terminal, the sources of the eighth and ninth switching transistors are connected to the charging port 50, and the gates of the eighth and ninth switching transistors are connected to the control output terminal of the synchronous buck controller.
[0053] Specifically, the eighth and ninth switching transistors can be MOSFETs Q9 and Q10 connected in parallel.
[0054] Pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 (drain) of Q9 are shorted and connected to the first voltage output terminal, namely the V5+ power supply terminal (the fixed 5.2V output of the resonant converter module 10). Similarly, pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 (drain) of Q10 are also shorted and connected to the V5+ power supply terminal. Pins 1 and 2 (source) of Q9 and Q10 are shorted and connected to the VBUS output node of charging port 50 via resistor R6. That is, the sources of Q9 and Q10 are connected to one end of R6, and the other end of R6 is connected to the VBUS pin of the Type-C interface. Pin 4 (gate) of Q9 and Q10 are shorted and connected to the control output terminal of the synchronous buck controller U1 via resistor R58, namely the GATE pin (pin 21) of U1. At the same time, the gates of Q9 and Q10 are also clamped to the source voltage through resistor R59 and Zener diode ZD1 to protect the gate.
[0055] When the GATE pin of U1 outputs a high level, Q9 and Q10 are simultaneously turned on. The 5.2V voltage at the first voltage output terminal V5+ is sent to the VBUS of the charging port 50 via the drain-source of Q9 and Q10 and then via R6, realizing low-voltage direct power supply. When the GATE outputs a low level, Q9 and Q10 are turned off, cutting off the direct path.
[0056] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the control module 40 in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0057] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the control module 40 includes a protocol control chip. The first configuration channel pin of the protocol control chip is connected to the first configuration channel line of the charging port 50, the second configuration channel pin is connected to the second configuration channel line of the charging port 50, the positive data pin is connected to the positive data line of the charging port 50, and the negative data pin is connected to the negative data line of the charging port 50. The protocol control chip is also connected to the synchronous buck controller through a serial clock line and a serial data line.
[0058] Specifically, the protocol control chip is the synchronous buck controller U1 (CY43071). This chip integrates PD protocol processing functions and is responsible for communicating with the charging port 50 and obtaining voltage requests.
[0059] Pin 2 (CC1) of U1 is connected to the first configuration channel line (QC1_C1) of charging port 50 via resistor R3. This signal line is connected to the CC1 pin (A3) of the Type-C interface. Pin 3 (CC2) of U1 is connected to the second configuration channel line (QC2_C1) of charging port 50 via resistor R5. This signal line is connected to the CC2 pin (B3) of the Type-C interface. Pin 5 (DP) of U1 is connected to the positive data line (DP_C1) of charging port 50 via resistor R8. This signal line is connected to the DP pin (A6, B6) of the Type-C interface. Pin 4 (DN) of U1 is connected to the negative data line (DN_C1) of charging port 50 via resistor R7. This signal line is connected to the DN pin (A7, B7) of the Type-C interface.
[0060] Serial clock line and serial data line: Pin 24 (SCL) and pin 23 (SDA) of U1 are used as serial clock line and serial data line respectively, and are connected to external socket pads (SCL, SDA). In the actual circuit, they can be connected to the corresponding pins of another control chip U6 (CY2336) to transmit voltage setting commands and status information.
[0061] In some implementations, the first temperature detection pin of the protocol control chip is connected to the first terminal of the first thermistor, and the second terminal of the first thermistor is connected to reference ground; the second temperature detection pin of the protocol control chip is connected to the first terminal of the second thermistor, and the second terminal of the second thermistor is connected to reference ground.
[0062] Specifically, the first temperature detection pin can be pin 8 (GPIO4) of U6. This pin is connected to the first terminal of the first thermistor NTC1, and also to one end of resistor R50 and one end of capacitor C39. The second terminal of NTC1 is connected to the common node of the other end of resistor R50 and the other end of capacitor C39, which is further connected to reference ground SGND_200WA (in the actual circuit, NTC1 and R50 are connected in series and then grounded, and C39 is connected in parallel across NTC1 for filtering).
[0063] The second temperature sensing pin can be pin 5 (GPIO3) of U6. This pin is connected to the first terminal of the second thermistor NTC2, and also to one end of resistor R51 and one end of capacitor C41. The second terminal of NTC2 is connected to the common node of the other end of resistor R51 and the other end of capacitor C41, which is also connected to reference ground SGND_200WA.
[0064] The reference ground can be SGND_200WA as the global reference ground, and connected to the power ground PGND at a single point through capacitor CY4.
[0065] In some embodiments, the resonant converter module 10 includes a resonant controller with a high-voltage pin directly connected to the first terminal of the X capacitor on the AC input side, and the second terminal of the X capacitor connected to the AC input terminal or a reference ground; the resonant controller discharges the X capacitor through the high-voltage pin when the input is de-energized.
[0066] Specifically, pin 11 (HV) of U5. This pin is directly connected to the first terminal of the X capacitor on the input AC side (the X capacitor is not directly shown in the figure, but the HV pin is connected to an external high-voltage node via resistor R41, which is usually the connection point between the X capacitor and the rectifier bridge).
[0067] The X capacitor is located at the AC input terminal and is used for electromagnetic interference filtering. The first terminal of the X capacitor is connected to the HV pin of U5 (via R41), and the second terminal of the X capacitor is connected to the AC input terminal (e.g., live wire or neutral wire) or reference ground (protective ground).
[0068] When the AC input power is cut off, U5 forms a ground discharge path through the HV pin, which quickly releases the charge stored in the X capacitor without the need for an external discharge resistor, thereby reducing standby power consumption.
[0069] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is used as an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
[0070] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A circuit structure for a multi-port charger, the multi-port charger comprising multiple charging ports, characterized in that, include: The resonant converter module includes a first voltage output terminal and a second voltage output terminal. The first voltage output terminal is used to output a first voltage, and the second voltage output terminal is used to output a second voltage. The first voltage is a voltage with a fixed value, and the second voltage is higher than the first voltage. The step-down converter module has its input terminal connected to the second voltage output terminal, and its output terminal used to connect to each of the charging ports. The first switch module has an input terminal connected to the first voltage output terminal, and an output terminal used to connect to each of the charging ports. A control module is connected to the resonant converter module, the buck converter module, and the first switch module, respectively. The control module is configured to control the first switch module to turn on and control the buck converter module to turn off when all charging ports request the first voltage. The control module is also configured to control the first switch module to turn off and start the buck converter module when any of the charging ports requests a voltage higher than the first voltage.
2. The circuit structure for a multi-port charger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resonant converter module includes a primary-side half-bridge circuit, a resonant transformer, and a secondary-side synchronous rectifier circuit. The primary-side half-bridge circuit includes a first switching transistor and a second switching transistor. The first end of the first switching transistor is connected to the high-voltage input terminal, and the second end of the first switching transistor is connected to the first end of the second switching transistor to form a first node. The second end of the second switching transistor is connected to power ground. The first node is connected to the first end of the primary winding of the resonant transformer. The second end of the primary winding of the resonant transformer is connected to a resonant capacitor and then connected to power ground or the high-voltage input terminal. The secondary-side synchronous rectification circuit includes a synchronous rectification controller, a third switch, and a fourth switch. The first end of the secondary winding of the resonant transformer is connected to the first end of the third switch, and the second end of the secondary winding of the resonant transformer is connected to the first end of the fourth switch. The second ends of the third and fourth switches are connected to power ground. The control terminals of the third and fourth switches are respectively connected to the drive output terminal of the synchronous rectification controller. The output terminal of the secondary-side synchronous rectification circuit is connected to the second voltage output terminal. The resonant transformer also has a second secondary winding, and the output terminal of the second secondary winding is rectified and connected to the first voltage output terminal.
3. The circuit structure for a multi-port charger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit structure also includes an adjustable feedback network, through which the control module is connected to the resonant converter module; The adjustable feedback network includes multiple adjustment branches, each of which is connected in parallel. One end of the parallel connection is connected to the voltage feedback terminal of the resonant converter module, and the other end is connected to the reference ground. Each of the regulating branches includes a branch resistor and a fifth switching transistor. The control module is connected to the control terminal of each fifth switching transistor. By controlling the on / off state of each fifth switching transistor, the total resistance value of the adjustable feedback network is changed, thereby adjusting the output voltage of the second voltage output terminal.
4. The circuit structure for a multi-port charger according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the control module detects that any charging port requests a voltage higher than the first voltage, it first controls each of the fifth switching transistors to make the adjustable feedback network present the minimum resistance value, so that the second voltage output terminal outputs the highest preset voltage. After the voltage distribution of each charging port is completed, control each fifth switch to make the adjustable feedback network present the target resistance value, so that the voltage of the second voltage output terminal drops to a level less than the difference between the voltage of the highest requested voltage among all current charging ports and a preset threshold.
5. The circuit structure for a multi-port charger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buck converter module includes a synchronous buck controller, a sixth switch, a seventh switch, and an inductor; The first terminal of the sixth switch is connected to the second voltage output terminal, the second terminal of the sixth switch is connected to the first terminal of the seventh switch to form a second node, and the second terminal of the seventh switch is connected to power ground; the high-side drive output terminal of the synchronous buck controller is connected to the control terminal of the sixth switch, and the low-side drive output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the seventh switch. The first end of the inductor is connected to the second node, and the second end of the inductor is connected to the charging port.
6. The circuit structure for a multi-port charger according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first switching module includes an eighth switching transistor and a ninth switching transistor, which are connected in parallel. The drains of the eighth and ninth switching transistors are connected to the first voltage output terminal, the sources of the eighth and ninth switching transistors are connected to the charging port, and the gates of the eighth and ninth switching transistors are connected to the control output terminal of the synchronous buck controller.
7. The circuit structure for a multi-port charger according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control module includes a protocol control chip. The first configuration channel pin of the protocol control chip is connected to the first configuration channel line of the charging port, the second configuration channel pin is connected to the second configuration channel line of the charging port, the positive data pin is connected to the positive data line of the charging port, and the negative data pin is connected to the negative data line of the charging port. The protocol control chip is also connected to the synchronous buck controller via a serial clock line and a serial data line.
8. The circuit structure for a multi-port charger according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first temperature detection pin of the protocol control chip is connected to the first end of the first thermistor, and the second end of the first thermistor is connected to the reference ground; the second temperature detection pin of the protocol control chip is connected to the first end of the second thermistor, and the second end of the second thermistor is connected to the reference ground.
9. The circuit structure for a multi-port charger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resonant converter module includes a resonant controller, which has a high-voltage pin. The high-voltage pin is directly connected to the first terminal of the X capacitor on the AC input side, and the second terminal of the X capacitor is connected to the AC input terminal or a reference ground. When the input power is cut off, the resonant controller discharges the X capacitor through the high-voltage pin.
10. A multi-port charger, characterized in that, The multi-port charger includes the circuit structure for a multi-port charger as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.