Method, user equipment, and network apparatus for interference-aware scheduling

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method, a user equipment, and a network apparatus for interference-aware scheduling. A method includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE) from a network node, a random access response (RAR) message, the RAR message including a quality metric related to a plurality of synchronization signal block (SSB) beams; performing, by the UE based on the quality metric, a beam adjustment of at least one of the plurality of SSB beams; transmitting, by the UE to the network node, a radio resource control (RRC) message in a direction of the adjusted SSB beam; and transmitting, by the UE to the network node, a retransmission of the RRC message.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application is related to the following applications: U.S. Patent Application with Attorney Number 336151-US-PSP and U.S. Patent Application with Attorney Number 336439-US-PSP. Technical Field

[0002] Various example embodiments generally relate to wireless networks, and more specifically, to configurations for improving interference-aware scheduling in beamforming. Background Technology

[0003] Wireless networks offer significant advantages to user mobility. The ability to stay connected while on the move not only benefits users but also contributes to greater efficiency and productivity for society as a whole. As user expectations for connection reliability, data rates, and battery life become increasingly demanding, wireless network technology must keep pace with these expectations. Therefore, the industry remains consistently interested in improving wireless network technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a method includes: receiving a Random Access Response (RAR) message from a network node by a user equipment (UE), the RAR message including a quality metric related to a plurality of Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) beams; performing beam adjustment on at least one of the plurality of SSB beams by the UE based on the quality metric; transmitting a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message to the network node in the direction of the adjusted SSB beam; and transmitting a retransmission of the RRC message to the network node by the UE.

[0005] In one aspect of this method, retransmission of RACH messages can use different adjusted beams within the SSB coverage area.

[0006] In one aspect of this method, the quality metric may include one of the following: interference level or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

[0007] In one aspect of this method, each quality metric in the quality metrics can be measured instantly by the network nodes.

[0008] In one aspect of this method, the quality metric can be based on the average of measurements performed by network nodes over a predetermined time period.

[0009] In one aspect of the method, the RAR message may also include at least one of the following: Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), Timing Advance (TA), Uplink (UL) Grant, and / or Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (T-CRNT).

[0010] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a user equipment (UE) includes: at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least any of the methods described above.

[0011] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a processor-readable medium stores instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least any of the methods described above.

[0012] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a method includes: detecting preambles at each time and frequency epoch, and multiple synchronization signal block (SSB) beams in all spatial directions by a network node; measuring quality metrics associated with the multiple SSB beams by the network node; sending a random access response (RAR) message to a user equipment (UE) by the network node, the RAR message including the quality metrics associated with the multiple SSB beams; receiving a radio resource control (RRC) message from the UE by the network node in an adjusted beam direction; and receiving a retransmission of the RRC message from the UE by the network node.

[0013] In one aspect of this method, retransmission of RACH messages can use different adjusted beams within the SSB coverage area.

[0014] In one aspect of the method, the quality metric may include one of the following: interference level and / or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

[0015] In one aspect of this method, each quality metric in the quality metrics can be measured instantly by the network nodes.

[0016] In one aspect of this method, the quality metric can be based on the average of measurements performed by network nodes over a predetermined time period.

[0017] In one aspect of this method, the RAR message is transmitted in the direction of the SSB beam associated with the detected preamble.

[0018] In one aspect of the method, the RAR message may also include at least one of the following: Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), Timing Advance (TA), Uplink (UL) Grant, or Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (T-CRNT).

[0019] In one aspect of the method, the method further includes having network nodes evaluate a quality metric for each detected preamble. This quality metric includes the energy level of each of the multiple SSB beams.

[0020] In one aspect of the method, the method further includes determining, by network nodes, an index of an SSB beam among a plurality of SSB beams that has an energy level exceeding a predefined threshold.

[0021] In one aspect of the method, the detected preamble is associated with multiple detected SSB beams, and the RAR message is sent in the direction of the SSB beam with the highest energy level among the multiple SSB beams.

[0022] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a network device includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device to perform at least any of the methods described above.

[0023] According to various aspects of this disclosure, a processor-readable medium stores instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least any of the methods described above.

[0024] Other aspects are shown in the Examples section, which is incorporated into this section by reference.

[0025] The independent claims and examples are provided for some aspects. Other aspects are defined in the dependent claims and examples. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 This is an illustration of an example embodiment of a wireless network between a network system and a user equipment (UE) according to one aspect of this disclosure;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example component of a network system according to an aspect of this disclosure;

[0029] Figure 3A and Figure 3B This is an illustration of an example embodiment of signaling and operation between a UE and a source radio station or source node (e.g., a network node such as a gNodeB (gNB)) according to one aspect of this disclosure; and

[0030] Figure 4 This is an illustration of an example block diagram of a line station or node (e.g., a network node (such as a gNodeB (gNB)), a user node or UE, a relay node, or other node) according to one aspect of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0031] In the following description, certain specific details are presented to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed aspects. However, a person skilled in the art will recognize that these aspects can be implemented without one or more of these specific details or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures associated with transmitters, receivers, or transceivers are not shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the aspects.

[0032] Throughout this specification, references to "one aspect" or "an aspect" imply that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic relating to that aspect is included in at least one aspect. Therefore, the phrases "in one aspect" or "in an aspect" appearing throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same aspect. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more aspects in any suitable manner.

[0033] The embodiments described in this disclosure can be implemented in wireless network devices, such as, but not limited to, devices utilizing the following technologies: Global Microwave Access Interoperability (WiMAX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM, 2G), GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), General Packet Radio Service (GRPS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System based on Basic Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) (UMTS, 3G), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced LTE, Enhanced LTE (eLTE), 5G New Radio (5G NR), 5G Advanced, 6G (and beyond), and other wireless network systems such as 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6). The term "eLTE" here refers to an LTE evolution technology connected to a 5G core network. LTE is also referred to as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA) or Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN).

[0034] This disclosure may use the term "serving network device" to refer to a network node or network device (or part thereof) serving a UE. As used herein, the terms "send to," "receive from," and "cooperate with" (and variations thereof) include communications that may or may not involve communication through one or more intermediate devices or nodes. The term "acquire" (and variations thereof) includes acquisition in the first instance or acquisition after the first instance. The term "connection" may mean a physical connection or a logical connection.

[0035] This disclosure uses 5G NR as an example of a wireless network, and may use smartphones and / or extended reality headsets as examples of user equipment (UE). It should be noted and understood that these examples are merely illustrative, and this disclosure applies to other wireless networks and user equipment.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network between a network system 100 and a user equipment (UE) 150. The network system 100 may include one or more network nodes 120, one or more servers 110, and / or one or more network devices 130 (e.g., test devices). Network nodes 120 will be described in more detail below. As used herein, the term "network apparatus" may refer to any component(s) of the network system 100, such as server 110, network node 120, network device 130, any of the foregoing components, and / or any other component(s) of the network system 100. Examples of network apparatuses include, but are not limited to, apparatuses for implementing aspects of 5G NR. This disclosure describes embodiments related to 5G NR and embodiments relating to aspects defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). However, it is conceivable that embodiments related to other wireless network technologies are included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0037] The following description provides further details of examples of network nodes. In a 5G NR network, a gNodeB (also known as a gNB) may include, for example, a node that provides New Radio (NR) user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE, and that node is connected to the 5G core network (5GC) via an NG interface, as per Section 3.2 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V16.6.0 (2021-06), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0038] gNB supports various protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) - the physical layer, Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3).

[0039] NR's Layer 2 (L2) is divided into the following sublayers: Media Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), among which, for example: The physical layer provides a transmission channel to the MAC sublayer. The oMAC sublayer provides logical channels to the RLC sublayer; The oRLC sublayer provides RLC channels to the PDCP sublayer; The oPDCP sublayer provides radio bearers to the SDAP sublayer; The oSDAP sublayer provides Quality of Service (QoS) flows to 5GC; The control channels include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) and the Physical Control Channel (PCCH).

[0040] Layer 3 (L3) includes, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC), as per Section 6 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V16.6.0 (2021-06), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0041] The gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) includes, for example, a logical node that carries the gNB's Radio Link Control (RRC), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocols, or the en-gNB's RRC and PDCP protocols, which controls the operation of one or more gNB Distributed Units. The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-DU. In this document, the gNB-CU may also be referred to as a CU, Central Unit, Centralized Unit, or Control Unit.

[0042] A gNB-DU (gNB-du) includes, for example, a logical node that carries the radio link control (RLC), media access control (MAC), and physical layer (PHY) of the gNB or en-gNB, and the operation of the logical node is partially controlled by the gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or more cells. A cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-CU. In this document, the gNB-DU may also be referred to as a DU or distributed unit.

[0043] As used herein, the term "network node" may refer to any one of gNB, gNB-CU, or gNB-DU, or any combination thereof. RAN (Radio Access Network) nodes or network nodes, such as gNB, gNB-CU, or gNB-DU, or portions thereof, may be implemented using means, for example, having at least one processor and / or at least one memory having processor-readable instructions ("program") configured to support and / or provide and / or process functions and / or features associated with the CU and / or DU, and / or at least one protocol (sub) layer of the RAN (Radio Access Network), such as layer 2 and / or layer 3. Different functional splits between central and distributed units are possible. This will be discussed in conjunction with... Figure 4 Examples describing such devices and components.

[0044] For example, the gNB-CU and gNB-DU portions can be co-located or physically separated, for example. The gNB-DU can even be further subdivided, for example, into two parts, such as one part including processing equipment and the other part including antennas. The Central Unit (CU) can also be referred to as a Baseband Unit / Radio Equipment Controller / Cloud-RAN / Virtual-RAN (BBU / REC / C-RAN / V-RAN), Open-RAN (O-RAN), or a portion thereof. The Distributed Unit (DU) can also be referred to as a Remote Radio Head / Remote Radio Unit / Radio Equipment / Radio Unit (RRH / RRU / RE / RU), or a portion thereof. Hereinafter, in various example embodiments of this disclosure, a network node supporting at least one of the Central Unit functions or Layer 3 protocols of a radio access network can be, for example, a gNB-CU. Similarly, a network node supporting at least one of the Distributed Unit functions or Layer 2 protocols of a radio access network can be, for example, a gNB-DU.

[0045] A gNB-CU can support one or more gNB-DUs. A gNB-DU can support one or more cells and is therefore able to support serving cells for user equipment (UE) or candidate cells for processes such as handover, dual connectivity, and / or carrier aggregation.

[0046] User equipment (UE) 150 may be or include wireless or mobile devices, devices having a radio interface for interacting with the RAN (Radio Access Network), smartphones, in-vehicle devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, or machine-to-machine (M2M) devices, and other types of user equipment. This UE 150 may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory, including program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause the device to perform at least certain operations, such as, for example, an RRC connection to the RAN. Figure 3A and 3B Examples of components describing the UE are provided. In an embodiment, UE 150 may be configured to generate a message (e.g., including a cell ID) to transmit via radio toward the RAN (e.g., to reach and communicate with the serving cell). In an embodiment, UE 150 may generate, transmit, and receive RRC messages containing one or more RRC PDUs (Packet Data Units). Those skilled in the art will understand the RRC protocol and other processes that the UE may perform.

[0047] Continue to refer to Figure 1In the case of a 5G NR network example, network system 100 provides one or more cells that define the coverage area of ​​network system 100. As described above, network system 100 may include a gNB of the 5G NR network, or may include any other means configured to control radio communications and manage radio resources within the cell. As used herein, the term "resource" may refer to radio resources such as resource blocks (RBs), physical resource blocks (PRBs), radio frames, subframes, time slots, subbands, frequency regions, subcarriers, beams, etc. In embodiments, network node 120 may be referred to as a base station.

[0048] Figure 1 An example is provided, and this example is merely an illustrative one of network system 100 and UE 150. Those skilled in the art will understand that network system 100 includes... Figure 1 Components not shown in the diagram, and it will be understood that other user equipment can communicate with network system 100.

[0049] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of example components of network system 100. A 5G NR network can be described as an example of network system 100, and it is intended to illustrate that the various aspects described below will also apply to other types of network systems. The network system can be configured according to... Figure 1 The signals and connections shown operate to enable UE 150 to communicate with network system 100 via radio access network (RAN) 225. Additionally, the network system can be divided into user plane components and functions, and control plane components and functions, as shown and described herein. Unless otherwise stated, the terms “component,” “function,” and “service” are used interchangeably herein and can refer to and be implemented by instructions executed by one or more processors.

[0050] The following describes example functionality of the components. This example functionality is merely illustrative, and it should be understood that the components described herein can perform other additional operations and functions. Furthermore, connections between components can be virtual connections via service-based interfaces, allowing any component to communicate with any other component. In this way, any component can act as a service "producer" to provide services for network functions to any other component acting as a service "consumer."

[0051] For example, a core network 210 is described in the control plane of the network system. The core network 210 may include an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) 211, an Access and Mobility Function (AMF) 212, and a Session Management Function (SMF) 213. The core network 210 may also include a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) 214, a Network Exposure Function (NEF) 215, a Network Repository Function (NRF) 216, and a Unified Data Management Function (UDM) 217, which may include a Unified Data Repository (UDR) 224.

[0052] Additional components and functions of the core network 210 may include application functions (AF) 218, policy control functions (PCF) 219, network data analysis functions (NWDAF) 220, analytical data repository functions (ADRF) 221, management data analysis functions (MDAF) 222, and operation and management functions (OAM) 223.

[0053] The user plane includes UE 150, Radio Access Network (RAN) 225, User Plane Function (UPF) 226, and Data Network (DN) 227. RAN 225 may include a combination of Figure 1 The RAN 225 describes one or more components, such as one or more network nodes. However, the RAN 225 may not be limited to such components. The UPF 226 provides connectivity for data transmitted through the RAN 225. For example, the UPF 226 identifies services from service providers, internet access, and third-party services.

[0054] AMF 212 handles connectivity and mobility tasks. AUSF 211 receives authentication requests from AMF 212 and interacts with UDM 217 to authenticate and verify network responses to determine successful authentication. SMF 213 performs Packet Data Unit (PDU) session management and manages the session context with UPF 226.

[0055] NSSF 214 can select a Network Slice Instance (NSI) and determine the Permitted Network Slice Selection Auxiliary Information (NSSAI). This selection and determination are used to set up AMF 212 to provide services to UE 150. NEF 215 ensures that third parties access network services to create private network services. NRF 216 acts as a repository to store network functions, allowing these functions to register and discover each other.

[0056] UDM 217 generates authentication vectors used by AUSF 211 and AMF 212 and provides user identity processing. UDM 217 can connect to UDR 224, which stores data related to authentication, applications, etc. AF 218 provides application services (e.g., streaming media services) to users. PCF 219 provides policy control functions. For example, PCF 219 can assist with network slicing and mobility management, as well as provide Quality of Service (QoS) and accounting functions.

[0057] NWDAF 220 collects data (e.g., data from UE 150 and network systems) to perform network analytics and provide insights to functions that utilize these analytics to provide services. ADRF 221 allows consumers to store, retrieve, and delete data and analytics. MDAF 222 provides additional data analytics services for network functions. OAM 223 provides configuration and management processing functions to manage elements within or connected to the network (e.g., UE 150, network nodes, etc.).

[0058] Figure 2 These are merely examples of components of a network system, and variations are covered within the scope of this disclosure. In embodiments, the network system may include... Figure 2 Other components not shown. In embodiments, the network system may not include... Figure 2 Each component is shown in the diagram. In an embodiment, the components and connections can be communicated via... Figure 2 The different connection implementations shown are illustrated. Such and other embodiments are covered within the scope of this disclosure.

[0059] As described above, according to various aspects of this disclosure, this disclosure relates to interference-aware scheduling for improving beamforming.

[0060] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example operation for transmitting signaling user equipment (UE) capability information to a network device. This operation is performed by the components shown at the top of Figure 3, which include the UE and a network device (e.g., a network node, gNB). Such components can, for example, be combined with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The same component described or other components mentioned.

[0061] User Equipment (UE) primarily determines whether to initiate Msg3 repetition during the Random Access Channel (RACH) process by assessing the current radio channel conditions. If the UE determines that the link conditions are poor, it can initiate Msg3 repetition to enhance coverage and ensure reliable communication with network nodes, for example, by sending a dedicated preamble to the network node. Poor channel conditions can be indicated by the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of downlink reference signals (such as Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) and / or Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)) falling below a certain threshold. When initiating Msg3 repetition, the UE selects random access resources from a set of random access (RA) resources specifically designated for Msg3 repetition to transmit Msg1 (e.g., the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preamble). The network node then determines the required number of Msg3 repetitions and communicates this number to the UE via Msg3 authorization. The UE continues to transmit Msg3 according to the number indicated in the authorization. This mechanism allows the UE to proactively enhance transmission reliability under challenging radio conditions by initiating Msg3 repetition based on local measurements.

[0062] In some respects, for contention-free random access (CFRA) (e.g., the RACH procedure, in which the UE is assigned a pre-configured RA preamble by the network node), if the received PUSCH fails the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) but the PUSCH signal energy is still detected, the network node can proactively schedule the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). In other respects, small data transmission can be integrated with the random access procedure to optimize network performance for specific use cases. This leverages the PRACH procedure to minimize latency and / or overhead, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of small data exchange.

[0063] Extended coverage offers the benefit of reduced hardware and / or deployment costs. In traditional extended coverage configurations, connections at the cell edge are limited by combinations of Msg2, Msg3, Msg4, Msg5, and / or messages. Furthermore, in CFRA scenarios, even with multiple PUSCH transmissions (e.g., when a network node actively schedules multiple PUSCHs after Msg2), PUSCH remains a limiting factor under extreme cell edge conditions. Enhancing Msg3 and subsequent PUSCH sensitivity by increasing the number of Tx or Rx flows is expensive and faces architectural limitations. To balance performance and address other issues, PRACH sensitivity is intentionally reduced by a few dB. This disclosure provides a configuration for interference-aware scheduling to improve beamforming, offering a solution to the aforementioned problems.

[0064] Network nodes use uplink (UL) beamforming for reception. For example, UL beamforming based on sounding reference signal (SRS) measurements can be used. SRS measurements are typically averaged over a period of time before being applied to UE reception. Before SRS measurements are available, network node reception relies on SSB beamforming, which is used for beamforming for reliability. As described herein, by providing network nodes with information about spatial interference characteristics, UE beamforming can be enhanced, allowing network nodes to adjust their reception strategies and ultimately improve the expected signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the network node's receiver. To this end, network nodes are configured to include beam quality information in the random access response (RAR) message.

[0065] Network nodes can include a range of beam quality information in the request field of a RAR message. For example, a network node can send the received (Rx) beam measurements to the UE, indicating whether the UE should adjust the SSB beam and / or switch to another SSB beam, for example, based on an assessment of received signal quality. Furthermore, if beam switching is recommended, the network node sends interference measurements from the detected SSB beam, along with the SSB index (e.g., 3 SSB) and associated Rx power (e.g., in dBm) and / or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) (e.g., in dB), which can be included in the corresponding signaling. In some respects, other relevant parameters, such as the Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (T-CRNTI), the Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), and / or the Initial Timing Advance (TA), can be included in the corresponding signaling.

[0066] SSB beam measurement can be obtained through a series of steps, including: (i) the network node performing beamforming and / or scanning all available SSB beams; (ii) identifying beam indices whose signal energy exceeds a predefined detection threshold for a given preamble; and (iii) measuring key link quality metrics for the detected SSB beams, such as SINR, Rx power, and / or other interference-related parameters. Based on this feedback from the network node, a UE with transmit (Tx) beamforming capability can determine the optimal SSB beam for transmitting Msg3 and subsequent channels, thereby improving link reliability. Furthermore, in the two-step Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) process (e.g., the UE simultaneously transmits the random access preamble and a small data payload in a single transmission, known as MsgA), this solution can enhance subsequent MsgA transmissions if the initial attempt is unsuccessful, thereby improving random access efficiency.

[0067] The disclosed technology facilitates enhanced beam selection and interference suppression, offering several advantages over conventional technologies, including improved resource allocation and network efficiency. For example, the performance of Msg3 and subsequent data, as well as the control channel, can be significantly improved, resulting in more reliable communication. Furthermore, the success rate of Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) attempts is increased, correspondingly reducing PRACH latency and accelerating the initial access process. Moreover, by minimizing the number of attempts required for Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, and Msg4, network resources are utilized more efficiently, freeing up additional time slots for data transmission and ultimately improving overall system throughput and performance.

[0068] In operation 301, the network node sequentially transmits synchronization signals and physical broadcast channel blocks (SS-PBCH) to the UE on different SSB beams. Through this operation, the network node enables the SS-PBCH transmission to provide critical information systems and allows the UE to measure the signal quality of each received SSB beam, such as evaluating and / or selecting the optimal SSB beam for communication.

[0069] In operation 302, the UE scans the SSB beams and lists the SSB beams that meet the RSRP threshold. For example, the UE can perform a scan of all downlink (DL) SSB beams transmitted by the network node to identify SSB beams that meet and / or exceed a predefined RSRP threshold. Through this operation, the UE can measure the RSRP of each identified SSB beam within a specified time period and compare the measured values ​​to the RSRP threshold to determine suitability for initial access. In some respects, the identified SSB beams can be used for subsequent transmissions, including Msg3 and uplink data, enhancing link reliability.

[0070] In operation 303, the UE selects an SSB beam from a list of identified SSB beams that meet the RSRP threshold. For example, the UE can select the SSB beam with the highest RSRP value, which typically provides the strongest and most stable signal, and / or select an SSB beam that meets other quality criteria (e.g., to ensure optimal link quality and reliable communication). In some respects, the UE can select an SSB beam based on quality metrics such as SINR, Rx power, and / or historical link reliability to choose the most suitable SSB beam for subsequent transmissions. This selection process ensures that the UE establishes communication using the best possible beam, thereby improving the reliability of the random access procedure and enhancing the success rate of subsequent uplink transmissions (e.g., Msg3).

[0071] In operation 304, the UE selects a preamble based on the chosen SSB beam. This preamble will be transmitted at the time and frequency corresponding to the chosen SSB beam. The preamble selection process enables the initiation of a random access procedure and the establishment of a connection with the network. For example, the UE can randomly select a preamble from a predefined set allocated to the chosen SSB beam, ensuring that the preamble transmission is consistent with the network's expectations and facilitating accurate detection of network nodes. By associating the transmission of the preamble with the chosen SSB beam, the UE enhances the likelihood of successful PRACH detection, thereby improving access reliability and reducing access latency.

[0072] In operation 305, the UE sends Msg1 to the network node, which includes a preamble sequence at a specified time and frequency corresponding to the selected SSB. The UE can send Msg1 in the direction of the selected SSB beam and / or in an omnidirectional manner. This transmission typically occurs via PRACH and serves as the initial step in establishing communication with the network. By aligning the preamble transmission with the selected SSB beam, the UE ensures that the network node can accurately detect and process the request.

[0073] In operation 306, the network node scans all SSB beams across all spatial directions while searching for a preamble at each time and frequency opportunity. For example, a PRACH receiver at the network node can search for a preamble assigned to a given opportunity. This scan enables the network node to detect preamble transmissions from the UE regardless of beam direction and enhances the reliability of PRACH detection (e.g., in scenarios with high interference or complex radio conditions).

[0074] In operation 307, the network node measures the interference level and / or other quality metrics for each detected preamble across all SSB beams. For example, the network node may measure parameters such as SINR, which represents the beam strength and / or quality of the received signal. The network node then evaluates the interference level and / or other quality metrics for each detected preamble across all SSB beams to determine the beam most suitable for communication, as identified by the access node. This evaluation ensures that SSB beam selection is based not only on detection but also on signal quality. In some respects, beam quality information (such as interference level and / or SINR measurements) may be instantaneous (e.g., measured instantaneously by the network node) and / or averaged over a period of time (e.g., based on the average of measurements performed by the network node over a predetermined time period).

[0075] In operation 308, based on the preamble detected in a single SSB beam, the network node prepares Msg2 for transmission to the UE via a Random Access Response (RAR). The RAR is configured to be transmitted in the direction of the SSB beam to which the detected preamble belongs. The RAR typically includes RAPID, TA, UL authorization, T-CRNTI, interference level, and / or other quality metrics for all scanned SSB beams, as well as their beam indices (e.g., beam quality information, which includes the associated Rx power and / or SINR for each beam index).

[0076] In operation 309, based on the preamble detected in multiple SSB beams, the network node prepares Msg2 for transmission to the UE via RAR. The RAR is configured to be transmitted in the SSB direction of the SSB beam with the highest preamble energy (e.g., the SSB beam to which the detected preamble belongs). This configuration ensures that the response is transmitted through the most reliable beam associated with the detected preamble. The RAR typically includes RAPID, TA, UL authorization, T-CRNTI, interference level, and / or other quality metrics for all scanned SSB beams, as well as their beam indices (e.g., beam quality information, which includes the associated Rx power and / or SINR for each beam index).

[0077] In some respects, depending on network conditions and implementation, only one of operations 308 and 309 may be performed.

[0078] In Operation 310a, network nodes use downlink control information (DCI) to send Msg2 to the UE via PDCCH. Msg2 can provide the UE with scheduling and resource allocation details, and / or facilitate the UE's receipt of the corresponding RAR.

[0079] In Operation 310b, the network node sends Msg2 to the UE via PDSCH. The RAR message contains key parameters for subsequent steps in the random access procedure, including TA, UL authorization, T-CRNTI, and / or beam quality information. Beam quality information may include interference levels, Rx power, and SINR for the scanned SSB beams, assisting the UE in optimizing uplink transmission.

[0080] In some respects, depending on the network implementation and configuration, only PDCCH-based DCI (Operation 310a) or PDSCH-based RAR (Operation 310b) can occur, ensuring flexibility in Msg2 transmission based on system conditions.

[0081] In operation 311, the UE receives Msg2 from the network node via RAR, which includes beam quality information (e.g., via the beam quality information report field in the RAR message). For example, the UE may attempt to receive the RAR on a PDSCH with RA-RNTI scrambling, such that if decoding is successful and the RAPID matches the preamble sent by the UE, the UE will send Msg3 on the resources provided in the RAR. If Msg2 is not received within the RAR receive window and / or if Msg2 decoding fails, the UE will retry the above operation (e.g., operation 311). The number of retries is configured by the network node during the RRC configuration procedure.

[0082] In Operation 312, the UE performs beamforming based on feedback from network nodes, for example, optimizing UL transmission. For instance, the UE can analyze received beam quality information, such as interference levels for the SSB beam. Based on this information, the UE can select different SSB beams and / or improve transmit beamforming strategies to enhance link reliability and communication efficiency. Beamforming mitigates interference, enhances signal quality, and optimizes resource utilization, ensuring more robust uplink transmission, including Msg3 and subsequent messages during random access procedures.

[0083] In operation 313, the UE uses authorized resources (e.g., UL resources authorized in the RAR) to prepare Msg3 for transmission to the network node. For example, the UE can adjust the transmission beam direction based on beam quality information received from the network node to ensure that Msg3 is transmitted through the optimal SSB beam. Such adjustments can take into account parameters such as interference level, Rx power, and SINR to enhance signal reliability and minimize interference. By utilizing the adjusted beam direction, the UE increases the likelihood that Msg3 will be successfully received at the network node.

[0084] In operation 314, the UE sends Msg3 to the network node using the allocated UL resources. Depending on the access procedure and network configuration, Msg3 may include an RRC connection request and / or UE identity. This transmission allows the UE to establish a connection with the network and continue further signaling exchange. By utilizing beam direction optimized based on previously received beam quality information, the UE enhances the reliability of Msg3 reception at the network node. Successfully received Msg3 enables the network node to continue the access procedure, including resource allocation and / or connection establishment, thereby ensuring efficient and robust communication between the UE and the network. The network node primarily receives Msg3 via the SSB beam associated with the preamble. If Msg3 is successfully decoded, the network node will send Msg4. If Msg3 decoding fails, the UE will re-initiate the RACH step at a later available time and repeat the previous steps. Two general solutions for Msg3 repetition are discussed below.

[0085] In the first option, the UE can use the beam quality information report received from the first successful Msg2. For each Msg3 retransmission, the UE can use a different SSB beam within the SSB coverage area.

[0086] In the second option, the UE can receive an additional RAR as Msg2 during the Msg3 repetition period. The UE follows the information provided by the latest RAR to ensure that transmission parameters remain optimized. This option allows the UE to dynamically update transmission parameters based on the latest network feedback (e.g., the latest data provided by network nodes), including updated beam information, timing adjustments, and / or other network configuration parameters. Therefore, the UE can enhance the reliability of Msg3 transmission, improve synchronization, adapt to changing interference conditions, and increase the success rate of random access procedures.

[0087] In step 315a, the network node sends Msg4 to the UE via PDCCH using DL DCI (e.g., to signal scheduling information and resource allocation to the UE). This transmission facilitates the resolution of contention during the random access process and enables the UE to continue further communication.

[0088] In Operation 315b, the network node sends Msg4 as the Contention Resolution Identity (CRI) and UL Grant to the UE. The CRI is used to confirm successful contention resolution by verifying the UE's identity, ensuring that the correct UE is authorized to access the network. The UL Grant provides the necessary resources for the UE to continue UL transmissions.

[0089] Upon receiving Msg4, the UE sends an acknowledgment to the network node via the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). This acknowledgment confirms that the UE has successfully received and / or processed Msg4, completing the contention resolution procedure during the random access process.

[0090] In some respects, depending on the network implementation and configuration, only one of PDCCH-based DCI (Operation 315a) or UL-authorized CRI (Operation 315b) is implemented, ensuring flexibility in the contention resolution process while maintaining an efficient random access procedure.

[0091] Figure 3A and Figure 3B The operations described are merely examples, and variations are intended to be covered within the scope of this disclosure. In embodiments, these operations may include... Figure 3A and Figure 3B Other operations not shown. In embodiments, these operations may not include... Figure 3A and Figure 3B Each operation is shown in the diagram. In an embodiment, these operations can be performed in conjunction with... Figure 3A and Figure 3B The different orders shown are implemented. Such embodiments and other embodiments are intended to be covered within the scope of this disclosure.

[0092] The following describes the operation from the UE's perspective. From this perspective, the method may include: the user equipment (UE) receiving a Random Access Response (RAR) message from a network node (e.g., Figure 3B (Operation 311), the RAR message includes quality metrics related to multiple Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) beams; the UE performs beam adjustment on at least one of the multiple SSB beams based on the quality metrics (e.g., Figure 3B (Operation 312); the UE sends a Random Access (RACH) message to the network node in the adjusted SSB beam direction (e.g., Figure 3B Operation 314); and the retransmission of RACH messages from the UE to the network node (e.g., Figure 3B (Operation 314).

[0093] The following describes the operation from the perspective of the network node. From this perspective, the method may include: the network node detecting the preamble at each time and frequency juncture, and multiple synchronization signal block (SSB) beams in all spatial directions (e.g., Figure 3A Operation 306); quality metrics associated with multiple SSB beams are measured by network nodes (e.g., Figure 3A Operation 307); The network node sends a Random Access Response (RAR) message to the User Equipment (UE) containing quality metrics associated with multiple SSB beams (e.g., Figure 3B (Operations 310a, 310b); the network node receives a Random Access (RACH) message from the UE in the adjusted beam direction (e.g., Figure 3B Operation 314); and retransmission of RACH messages received by the network node from the UE (e.g., Figure 3B (Operation 314).

[0094] The following describes the operation from the UE's perspective. From this perspective, the method may include: the user equipment (UE) receiving a first random access response (RAR) message from the network node (e.g., Figure 3B (Operation 311), the first RAR message includes quality metrics related to multiple Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) beams; the UE performs beam adjustment on at least one of the multiple SSB beams based on the quality metrics (e.g., Figure 3B (Operation 312); the UE sends a Random Access (RACH) message to the network node in the adjusted SSB beam direction (e.g., Figure 3BOperation 314); and the UE sending a second RAR message to the network node during the repetition period of the RACH message (e.g., Figure 3B (Operation 314).

[0095] The following describes the operation from the perspective of the network node. From this perspective, the method may include: the network node detecting the preamble at each time and frequency juncture, and multiple synchronization signal block (SSB) beams in all spatial directions (e.g., Figure 3A Operation 306); quality metrics associated with multiple SSB beams are measured by network nodes (e.g., Figure 3A Operation 307); The network node sends a Random Access Response (RAR) message to the User Equipment (UE) containing quality metrics associated with multiple SSB beams (e.g., Figure 3B (Operations 310a, 310b); the network node receives a Random Access (RACH) message from the UE in the adjusted beam direction (e.g., Figure 3B Operation 314); and the network node receiving a second RAR message from the UE during the repetitive period (e.g., Figure 3B (Operation 314).

[0096] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating one aspect of this disclosure of a wireless base station or node 400 (e.g., UE, user equipment, AP, BS, eNB, gNB, RAN node, network node, TRP, or other node). Network node 120 (e.g., a wireless base station) may include, for example, one or more (e.g., such as...) Figure 4 The two RF (radio frequency) or wireless transceivers 402A and 402B shown are (e.g., RF transceivers), each of which includes a transmitter for transmitting signals and a receiver for receiving signals. The wireless station also includes a processor 404 and / or a control unit / entity for executing instructions or software and controlling the transmission and reception of signals, and a memory 406 for storing data and / or instructions.

[0097] Processor 404 may also make decisions or determinations, generate frames, packets, or messages for transmission, decode received frames or messages for further processing, and perform other tasks or functions described herein. Processor 404 (e.g., it may be a baseband processor) may generate messages, packets, frames, or other signals for transmission via wireless transceiver 402 (402A or 402B). Processor 404 may control the transmission of signals or messages via a wireless network and may control the reception of signals or messages via a wireless network (e.g., after down-conversion by wireless transceiver 402). Processor 404 may be programmable and capable of executing software or other instructions stored in memory or other computer media to perform one or more of the various tasks and functions described above, such as one or more of the tasks or methods described above. Processor 404 may be (or may include) hardware, programmable logic, a programmable processor executing software or firmware, and / or any combination of these. Using other terminology, processor 404 and wireless transceiver 402 together may be considered, for example, a wireless transmitter / receiver system.

[0098] Additionally, refer to Figure 4 The controller (or processor) 408 can execute software and instructions, and can provide overall control over the base station or node 400, and can provide... Figure 4 Control of other systems not shown, such as control of input / output devices (e.g., display, keypad), and / or execution of software for one or more applications, which may be available on the wireless site or node 400, such as, for example, an email program, an audio / video application, a word processor, a VoIP application, or other applications or software.

[0099] In addition, a storage medium may be provided that includes stored instructions, which, when executed by a controller or processor, cause the processor 404 or other controller or processor to perform one or more of the functions or tasks described above.

[0100] According to another example embodiment, the RF or wireless transceiver 402A / 402B can receive signals or data and / or transmit or emit signals or data. The processor 404 (and possibly the transceiver 802A / 402B) can control the RF or wireless transceiver 402A or 402B to receive, transmit, broadcast, or emit signals or data.

[0101] Example embodiments are provided for each example method, including: an apparatus (e.g., 400, Figure 4 ), including components for performing any method (e.g., Figure 4The processor 404, wireless transceiver 402A and / or 402B, and / or memory 406; a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (e.g., memory 406, ...). Figure 4 ), including instructions stored thereon, which are processed by at least one processor (e.g., processor 404, Figure 4 When executed, it is configured to cause the computing system (e.g., 400, Figure 4 ) execute any of the example methods; and a device (e.g., 400, Figure 4 ), including at least one processor (e.g., processor 404, Figure 4 ) and at least one memory (e.g., memory 406, Figure 4 At least one memory includes computer program code, and at least one memory (406) and computer program code are configured together with at least one processor (404) to cause the apparatus (e.g., 400) to perform at least any of the example methods.

[0102] Further embodiments of this disclosure include the following examples.

[0103] Example 1.1. One method includes: The user equipment (UE) receives a first random access response (RAR) message from the network node. The first RAR message includes quality metrics related to multiple synchronization signal block (SSB) beams. The UE performs beam adjustment on at least one of the multiple SSB beams based on quality metrics. The UE sends a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message to the network node in the adjusted SSB beam direction; and Retransmission of RRC messages sent by the UE to the network node.

[0104] Example 1.2. Following the method of Example 1.1, where retransmission of RRC messages uses different adjusted beams within the SSB coverage area.

[0105] Example 1.3. According to the method of Example 1.1 or 1.2, the quality metric includes at least one of the following: interference level or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

[0106] Example 1.4. Following the method of Example 1.3, each quality metric in the quality metrics is measured on the fly by the network nodes.

[0107] Example 1.5. The method of Example 1.3 or 1.4, wherein the quality metric is based on the average of measurements performed by network nodes over a predetermined time period.

[0108] Example 1.6. The method according to any one of Examples 1.1 to 1.5, wherein the RAR message further includes at least one of the following: Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), Timing Advance TA, Uplink UL Authorization, or Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (T-CRNT).

[0109] Example 1.7. A user equipment (UE) includes: At least one processor; and At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least any one of Examples 1.1 to 1.6.

[0110] Example 1.8. A readable processor medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform at least any one of Examples 1.1 to 1.6.

[0111] Example 1.9. A method comprising: The network nodes detect the preamble at each time and frequency opportunity, as well as the multiple synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) beams in all spatial directions; Quality metrics associated with multiple SSB beams are measured by network nodes; The network node sends a Random Access Response (RAR) message to the User Equipment (UE). The RAR message includes quality metrics related to multiple SSB beams. The network node receives a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message from the UE in the adjusted beam direction; and The network node receives the RRC message from the UE and retransmits it.

[0112] Example 1.10. Following the method of Example 1.9, where retransmission of RRC messages uses different adjusted beams within the SSB coverage area.

[0113] Example 1.11. According to the method of Example 1.9 or 1.10, the quality metric includes at least one of the following: interference level or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

[0114] Example 1.12. Following the method of Example 1.11, where each quality metric in the quality metrics is measured on the fly by the network nodes.

[0115] Example 1.13. The method according to Example 1.11 or 1.12, wherein the quality metric is based on the average of measurements performed by network nodes over a predetermined time period.

[0116] Example 1.14. The method of any one of Examples 1.9 to 1.13, wherein the RAR message is transmitted in the direction of the SSB beam associated with the detected preamble.

[0117] Example 1.15. The method according to any one of Examples 1.9 to 1.14, wherein the RAR message further includes at least one of the following: Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), Timing Advance TA, Uplink UL Authorization, or Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (T-CRNT).

[0118] Example 1.16. The method according to any one of Examples 1.9 through 1.15 also includes: The quality metric for each detected preamble is evaluated by network nodes, where the quality metric includes the energy level of each of the multiple SSB beams.

[0119] Example 1.17. Following the method in Example 1.16, it also includes: The network nodes determine the index of the SSB beams among multiple SSB beams that have energy levels exceeding a predefined threshold.

[0120] Example 1.18. The method according to any one of Examples 1.9 to 1.17, wherein the detected preamble is associated with multiple SSB beams among the detected multiple SSB beams, and wherein the RAR message is transmitted in the direction of the SSB beam with the highest energy level among the multiple SSB beams.

[0121] Example 1.19. A network device comprising: At least one processor; and At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the network device to perform at least one of the methods according to Examples 1.9 to 1.18.

[0122] Example 1.20. A processor-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a network device, cause the network device to perform at least the method according to any one of Examples 1.9 to 1.18.

[0123] Example 2.1. A user equipment (UE) includes: A component for receiving a first random access response (RAR) message from a network node by a user equipment (UE), the first RAR message including quality metrics associated with multiple synchronization signal block (SSB) beams; A component for performing beam adjustment on at least one of a plurality of SSB beams by the UE based on a quality metric; A component for transmitting Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages from a UE to a network node in the adjusted SSB beam direction; and A component used for retransmission of RRC messages sent by the UE to the network node.

[0124] Example 2.2. The UE based on Example 2.1, where the retransmission of RRC messages uses different adjusted beams within the SSB coverage area.

[0125] Example 2.3. The UE according to Example 2.1 or 2.2, wherein the quality metric includes at least one of the following: interference level or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

[0126] Example 2.4. The UE based on Example 2.3, where each quality metric in the quality metrics is measured on the fly by the network node.

[0127] Example 2.5. A UE based on Example 2.3 or 2.4, where the quality metric is based on the average of measurements performed by network nodes over a predetermined time period.

[0128] Example 2.6. A UE according to any one of Examples 2.1 to 2.5, wherein the RAR message further includes at least one of the following: Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), Timing Advance TA, Uplink UL Authorization, or Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (T-CRNT).

[0129] Example 2.9. A network node comprising: Components used for detecting preambles at each time and frequency timing by network nodes, as well as multiple synchronization signal blocks (SSB) beams in all spatial directions; Components used by network nodes to measure quality metrics associated with multiple SSB beams; A component used by a network node to send a Random Access Response (RAR) message to a User Equipment (UE), the RAR message including quality metrics associated with multiple SSB beams; A component for receiving, by a network node from a UE, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message in the adjusted beam direction; and A component used for retransmission of RRC messages received by network nodes from UEs.

[0130] Example 2.10. Based on the network node in Example 2.9, where retransmission of RRC messages uses different adjusted beams within the SSB coverage area.

[0131] Example 2.11. Based on the network nodes of Example 2.9 or 2.10, wherein the quality metric includes at least one of the following: interference level or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

[0132] Example 2.12. Based on the network nodes of Example 2.11, where each quality metric in the quality metrics is measured on the fly by the network nodes.

[0133] Example 2.13. A network node based on Example 2.11 or 2.12, where the quality metric is based on the average of measurements performed by the network node over a predetermined time period.

[0134] Example 2.14. A network node based on any of Examples 2.9 to 2.13, where the RAR message is transmitted in the direction of the SSB beam associated with the detected preamble.

[0135] Example 2.15. A network node according to any one of Examples 2.9 to 2.14, wherein the RAR message further includes at least one of the following: Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), Timing Advance TA, Uplink UL Authorization, or Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (T-CRNT).

[0136] Example 2.16. A network node according to any one of Examples 2.9 to 2.15 further includes: a component for evaluating a quality metric for each detected preamble by the network node, wherein the quality metric includes the energy level of each of the plurality of SSB beams.

[0137] Example 2.17. Based on the network nodes in Example 2.16, it also includes: A component used by network nodes to determine the index of an SSB beam with an energy level exceeding a predefined threshold among multiple SSB beams.

[0138] Example 2.18. A network node according to any of Examples 2.9 to 2.17, wherein the detected preamble is associated with multiple SSB beams among the detected multiple SSB beams, and wherein the RAR message is sent in the direction of the SSB beam with the highest energy level among the multiple SSB beams.

[0139] The embodiments and aspects disclosed herein are examples of this disclosure and can be implemented in various forms. For example, although some embodiments herein are described as separate embodiments, each embodiment herein may be combined with one or more other embodiments herein. The specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but rather serve as the basis for the claims and as a representative basis for guiding those skilled in the art to use this disclosure in various ways in virtually any suitably detailed structure. Similar reference numerals may refer to similar or identical elements throughout the description of the drawings.

[0140] The terms “in an aspect,” “in aspects,” “in various aspects,” “in some aspects,” or “in other aspects” may each refer to one or more of the same or different aspects according to this disclosure. The term “multiple” may refer to two or more.

[0141] In various embodiments, the terms "first message" and "second message," as well as any subsequent messages, may refer to any messages sent or received in sequence, and are not necessarily limited to any particular message.

[0142] The terms "in an embodiment," "in embodiments," "in various embodiments," "in some embodiments," or "in other embodiments" may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments according to this disclosure. The phrase "A or B" means "(A), (B), or (A and B)." The phrase "at least one of A, B, or C" means "(A); (B); (C); (A and B); (A and C); (B and C); or (A, B, and C)."

[0143] Any method, program, algorithm, or code described herein can be translated into or expressed in a programming language or computer program. As used herein, the terms "programming language" and "computer program" each include any language used to specify instructions to a computer, and include (but are not limited to) the following languages ​​and their derivatives: assembler, Basic, batch files, BCPL, C, C+, C++, Delphi, Fortran, Java, JavaScript, machine code, operating system command languages, Pascal, Perl, PL1, Python, scripting languages, Visual Basic, meta-languages ​​that specify the program itself, and all first-, second-, third-, fourth-, fifth-, or next-generation computer languages. Databases and other data schemas are also included, as well as any other meta-languages. No distinction is made between interpreted, compiled, or languages ​​that use both compilation and interpretation methods. No distinction is made between compiled and source versions of a program. Therefore, a reference to a program (where a programming language can exist in more than one state (such as source, compiled, target, or linked)) is a reference to any and all such states. References to a program may include the actual instructions and / or the intent of those instructions.

[0144] Although aspects of this disclosure have been shown in the accompanying drawings, they are not intended to be limited thereto, as this disclosure is intended to have the broadest scope permitted in the art, and the specification should be interpreted accordingly. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as restrictive, but merely as examples of particular aspects. Other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for a wireless network, comprising: The user equipment (UE) receives a random access response (RAR) message from the network node. The RAR message includes quality metrics related to multiple synchronization signal block (SSB) beams. The UE performs beam adjustment on at least one of the plurality of SSB beams based on the quality metric. The UE sends a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message to the network node in the direction of the adjusted SSB beam; as well as The UE sends a retransmission of the RRC message to the network node.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the retransmission of the RRC message uses different adjusted beams within the SSB coverage area.

3. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the quality metric includes at least one of the following: interference level or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

4. The method of claim 3, wherein each of the quality metrics is measured in real time by the network node.

5. The method of claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the quality metric is based on the average of measurements performed by the network node over a predetermined time period.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the RAR message further comprises at least one of the following: Random Access Preamble Identifier (RAPID), Timing Advance TA, Uplink UL Authorization, or Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (T-CRNT).

7. A user equipment (UE), comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the UE to perform at least the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A method for a wireless network, comprising: The network nodes detect the preamble at each time and frequency opportunity, as well as the multiple synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) beams in all spatial directions; The network nodes measure the quality metrics associated with the plurality of SSB beams; The network node sends a Random Access Response (RAR) message to the User Equipment (UE), the RAR message including the quality metric associated with the plurality of SSB beams; The network node receives a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message in the adjusted beam direction from the UE. as well as The network node receives a retransmission of the RRC message from the UE.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: The quality metric is evaluated by the network nodes for each detected preamble, wherein the quality metric includes the energy level of each of the plurality of SSB beams; or The network node determines the index of the SSB beam with an energy level exceeding a predefined threshold among the plurality of SSB beams.

10. A network device, comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device to perform at least the method according to any one of claims 8 to 9.

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