A comprehensive control method for black soil quality degradation

Abstract

The application discloses a comprehensive prevention and control method for black soil quality degradation, and belongs to the field of agricultural technology, which comprises the following steps: S110, obtaining the black soil quality degradation state and demarcating the farmland plot; S120, obtaining the prediction result of the black soil quality degradation state of the farmland plot; S130, formulating the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme for all farmland plots and implementing the scheme; S140, obtaining the black soil quality in real time during the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme and setting the supplementary prevention and control scheme for the black soil quality degradation; S150, after the crops in all farmland plots are harvested, returning the straws to the fields and continuously obtaining the straw decomposition speed; S160, adjusting the soil internal environment of all farmland plots based on the predicted soil environment data so as to improve the straw decomposition speed; and S170, performing the black soil quality degradation prevention and control according to steps S110-S160 in the next cultivation period of the black soil farmland. The problems of low time utilization efficiency of the prevention and control method and poor comprehensiveness of the prevention and control scheme in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically relating to a comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality. Background Technology

[0002] The degradation of black soil quality will comprehensively reduce the stock of high-quality soil, making it difficult for my country's black soil resources to fully realize their advantages. To address this issue, efforts to control black soil degradation have begun to be widely promoted. Current methods for controlling black soil degradation include straw return to the field, targeted spraying of specific microbial communities, and the installation of infrastructure. While these measures can achieve some degree of control, they only provide temporary relief and are inefficient in terms of time utilization. In black soil arable land areas, control measures can only be implemented for a short period within a year, resulting in low overall efficiency. Furthermore, these methods are insufficient for constructing comprehensive control programs that cover the entire year and can be implemented cyclically, leading to poor overall control of black soil degradation.

[0003] In summary, how to establish a comprehensive control method for black soil quality degradation that can be implemented repeatedly, has a wide application window, and is effective is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of narrow implementation time windows and poor comprehensiveness of existing control methods for black soil quality degradation, this application discloses a comprehensive control method for black soil quality degradation, specifically:

[0005] A comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality, the method comprising:

[0006] S110. Conduct black soil quality testing on large areas of black soil farmland to obtain the black soil quality degradation status and delineate farmland plots.

[0007] S120. Predict environmental information within all cultivated land plots and obtain prediction results of black soil quality degradation status of cultivated land plots.

[0008] S130. Based on the predicted degradation status, formulate and implement a black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan for all cultivated land plots.

[0009] S140. During the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, the black soil quality is acquired in real time, and a supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme is set.

[0010] S150. After all crops are harvested, straw should be returned to the field, and the rate of straw decomposition should be continuously monitored.

[0011] S160. Based on predicted soil environmental data, adjust the soil internal environment of all cultivated land plots to improve the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field.

[0012] S170. In the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, black soil quality degradation prevention and control shall be carried out in accordance with steps S110~S160.

[0013] Optionally, step S110, conducting black soil quality testing on a large area of ​​black soil farmland to obtain the black soil quality degradation status and delineating farmland plots, includes:

[0014] Sampling points were evenly set up in a large area of ​​black soil farmland, and black soil samples were obtained.

[0015] Quality testing was conducted on black soil samples, and a correspondence between black soil sampling points and quality was established.

[0016] Adjacent and corresponding sampling points of the same quality are set as a group of sampling points of the same quality until a region of sampling points of the same quality is obtained to obtain the farmland plots;

[0017] Traverse all sampling points to obtain all farmland plots within a large area of ​​farmland.

[0018] Optionally, step S120, predicting environmental information within all cultivated land plots and obtaining prediction results of the black soil quality degradation status of cultivated land plots, includes:

[0019] Based on the location of the black soil farmland, predict the annual meteorological data of the region to obtain long-term climate and environmental information.

[0020] Long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation in all cultivated land plots under the influence of long-term climate and environmental information;

[0021] Real-time forecasting of meteorological data within a unit of time in the future to obtain short-term climate and environmental information;

[0022] Short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation in all arable land plots under the influence of short-term climate and environmental information.

[0023] Optionally, the long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation in all cultivated land plots under the influence of long-term climate and environmental information include:

[0024] Based on long-term climate and environmental information, predict the meteorological environment in different time periods;

[0025] Predict the occurrence of long-term climate events and obtain the superposition results of climate events and long-term climate environment information to obtain the predicted meteorological environment in different time periods;

[0026] The study aims to obtain information on the degradation of black soil quality in all cultivated land plots caused by meteorological conditions at different time periods, and to establish a timeline of black soil quality degradation for the next year in chronological order, so as to obtain long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation.

[0027] Optionally, step S130, based on the degradation state prediction results, involves formulating and implementing black soil quality degradation prevention and control schemes for all cultivated land plots, including:

[0028] Based on the long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation within the degradation state prediction results, a long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme is formulated.

[0029] Establish a long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan, and set the implementation content of the prevention and control plan at each time point within the long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan;

[0030] According to the implementation content of the control plan at each time point, the black soil quality control plan is implemented, and the short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation are obtained.

[0031] Based on the short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation, a short-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan was formulated and implemented.

[0032] Optionally, in step S140, during the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, the black soil quality is acquired in real time, and a supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme is set, including:

[0033] During the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme in all cultivated land plots, the measured black soil quality and theoretical black soil quality of all cultivated land plots were acquired in real time.

[0034] Based on the measured black soil quality and the theoretical black soil quality, the deviation of the control target for black soil quality is obtained;

[0035] The causes of deviations from the control target were identified, and corresponding supplementary black soil quality degradation control schemes were established.

[0036] A scheme to prevent and control the degradation of supplementary black soil quality was implemented.

[0037] Optionally, the step of obtaining the causes of the deviation in the control target and establishing a corresponding supplementary black soil quality degradation control scheme includes:

[0038] To obtain information on potential factors contributing to black soil quality degradation caused by non-climate environmental factors, and to understand the role and manifestation of these factors in black soil cultivated land.

[0039] All cultivated land plots were surveyed, and potential factors contributing to black soil quality degradation within these plots were identified to determine the causes of deviations from control targets.

[0040] Based on the causes of deviations in the control target, a corresponding supplementary black soil quality degradation control scheme is established.

[0041] Optionally, in step S150, after all crops in the cultivated land are harvested, straw is returned to the field, and the rate of straw decomposition is continuously monitored, including:

[0042] After all crops in all cultivated land plots are harvested, the straw is crushed and mixed, and then returned to the field after being evenly sprayed with a decomposition promoter;

[0043] After straw is returned to the field, the degree of decomposition of the returned straw is continuously monitored and the corresponding monitoring time points are recorded.

[0044] The decomposition rate of straw returned to the field is obtained based on the degree of decomposition of straw at adjacent monitoring time points.

[0045] Optionally, step S160, adjusting the soil environment of all cultivated land plots based on predicted soil environmental data to improve the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field, includes:

[0046] Predictive soil environmental data is obtained by analyzing soil environmental data from the current monitoring time point and the next monitoring time point.

[0047] Based on historical data on straw decomposition, the correlation between the decomposition time and degree of straw returned to the field was obtained, and the historical data set with the highest total decomposition rate was obtained.

[0048] Soil environmental data for all monitoring time points of the historical data set with the highest total decomposition rate were obtained in order to determine the soil environmental adjustment target.

[0049] Based on predicted soil environmental data and soil environmental adjustment targets, the soil internal environment of all cultivated land plots is adjusted to improve the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field.

[0050] Optionally, in step S170, during the next cultivation cycle of the black soil farmland, black soil quality degradation is controlled according to steps S110-S160, including:

[0051] The cultivation cycle includes the soil preparation stage before crop cultivation, the implementation and adjustment stage of the plan, and the fallow and maintenance stage between crop harvest and the soil preparation node before the next crop cultivation.

[0052] During the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, the soil preparation stage shall follow the methods of steps S110 to S130 to formulate a black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan for all farmland plots.

[0053] During the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, the implementation and adjustment phase of the plan will follow the steps S130~S140 to implement the black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan for all farmland plots and set up a supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan.

[0054] During the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, the fallow and maintenance phase involves returning straw to the field according to steps S150-S160.

[0055] The beneficial effects of this application include:

[0056] 1. The implementation time window of the technical solution has been broadened. In the technical solution of this application, the method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality adopts a complete black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme from before the formal planting of crops until the next formal planting period. Under this condition, it can be ensured that the black soil quality degradation prevention and control work can be carried out in each farming cycle, thereby effectively broadening the implementation time window of the technical solution and ensuring that the black soil quality degradation prevention and control work can be implemented in all time periods.

[0057] 2. Improved the effectiveness of the technical solution. The technical solution in this application establishes a continuously evolving approach for controlling black soil degradation. By constructing a combination of long-term and short-term black soil degradation control schemes and implementation models, the effectiveness of black soil degradation control is improved. Furthermore, during the specific application of the control schemes, the established and implemented black soil degradation control schemes are modified to ensure their effectiveness, thereby enhancing the overall impact of the black soil degradation control scheme.

[0058] 3. The implementation and sustainability of the technical solution have been optimized. In the technical solution of this application, the construction of the black soil degradation prevention and control scheme can be carried out throughout the entire cropping period. From soil pretreatment before crop planting to fallow after crop harvest, appropriate schemes are used to prevent and control black soil degradation. Furthermore, because this technical solution can be implemented year-round, it inherently possesses good sustainability. Therefore, through continuous black soil degradation prevention and control operations, the effectiveness of black soil degradation prevention and control can be improved. Attached Figure Description

[0059] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the following description is only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of this disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain this disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation of this disclosure. In the drawings:

[0060] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a comprehensive method for controlling the degradation of black soil quality, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the distribution of cultivated land plots in a comprehensive method for controlling black soil quality degradation provided in this application embodiment;

[0062] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the control schemes in a comprehensive control method for black soil quality degradation provided in this application embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0064] For black soil degradation control, implementing only one stage is insufficient to achieve the desired effect. The significant interactions between climate, crop planting environment, and soil internal environment all negatively impact the control efforts. Furthermore, the specific implementation of black soil degradation control requires attention to the effectiveness of various methods and adjustments to ensure both improved and sustained control results. However, current technologies often have short durations for black soil degradation control, hindering continuous progress. Additionally, the methods used are not effectively adjusted during implementation, resulting in poor control outcomes and difficulty in maintaining effectiveness.

[0065] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this application discloses a comprehensive method for controlling the degradation of black soil quality, such as... Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a comprehensive method for controlling the degradation of black soil quality provided in an embodiment of this application. Specifically:

[0066] S110. Conduct black soil quality testing on large areas of black soil farmland to obtain the black soil quality degradation status and delineate farmland plots.

[0067] S120. Predict environmental information within all cultivated land plots and obtain prediction results of the black soil quality degradation status of cultivated land plots.

[0068] S130. Based on the predicted degradation status, formulate and implement a black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan for all cultivated land plots.

[0069] S140. During the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, the black soil quality is acquired in real time, and a supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme is set.

[0070] S150. After all crops are harvested, straw should be returned to the field, and the rate of straw decomposition should be continuously monitored.

[0071] S160. Based on predicted soil environmental data, adjust the soil internal environment of all cultivated land plots to improve the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field.

[0072] S170. In the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, black soil quality degradation prevention and control shall be carried out in accordance with steps S110~S160.

[0073] The purpose of all the above steps is to construct a scheme for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality, and to ensure that the constructed scheme can be adjusted during implementation in order to fully improve the effect of preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality.

[0074] The following will provide a detailed explanation of all the steps above:

[0075] As described in step S110, the purpose of this step is to decompose the black soil farmland into plots. This decomposition is necessary because, firstly, the quality of black soil in different areas of a large farmland will obviously vary; secondly, different crops are often planted within black soil farmland, and these crops will have different impacts on the black soil quality. Targeted measures to prevent and control black soil degradation are needed. In any case, decomposing the black soil farmland is necessary, hence the need for plot division. Specifically:

[0076] S111. Sampling points were evenly set up in a large area of ​​black soil farmland, and black soil samples were obtained.

[0077] The purpose of this step is to uniformly sample a large area of ​​black soil farmland so that the quality of the black soil can be determined based on the obtained sampling points, and then the farmland plots can be divided.

[0078] Among them, sampling points were evenly distributed in large areas of black soil farmland.

[0079] After setting up sampling points, black soil samples were extracted from each sampling point.

[0080] Considering that the acquisition and mutual influence of black soil quality is a complex system, this means that the interaction between the quality-influencing substances between the topsoil and the plow pan will lead to mutual influence effects between the quality of crop black soil. Therefore, the samples obtained during sampling must be able to include both the topsoil and the plow pan soil.

[0081] The soil from the two soil layers can be tested separately or mixed together for testing.

[0082] S112. Conduct quality testing on black soil samples and establish a correspondence between black soil sampling points and quality.

[0083] The purpose of this step is to test the specific quality of the black soil samples after they have been obtained, so that a corresponding relationship can be constructed based on the test results.

[0084] In the quality testing of black soil samples, the topsoil and plow pan can be tested separately, or they can be tested together after mixing; this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0085] Specifically, it is necessary to establish a correspondence between the quality data of the black soil sample obtained at each sampling point and the black soil sampling point.

[0086] S113. Adjacent sampling points with the same quality are set as a sampling point group with the same quality until a sampling point area with the same quality is obtained to obtain the cultivated land plot. The purpose of this step, from any perspective, is to ensure that the quality of black soil in each cultivated land plot is the same during the decomposition of large areas of black soil cultivated land. Only then can the corresponding degradation prevention and control methods be applied on a plot-by-plot basis.

[0087] This requires obtaining all adjacent sampling points and establishing a sampling point group.

[0088] This involves acquiring the quality information corresponding to the sampling points within each sampling point group and comparing the quality information.

[0089] Within each sampling point group, two quality information comparisons are required. These quality information includes indicators such as soil bulk density, organic carbon, and total nitrogen, and these comparisons need to be performed separately.

[0090] Specifically, two quality data points can be considered the same only when the difference between two adjacent sampling points of each type of quality information is within the difference threshold range.

[0091] If it is found that the difference in quality information in one of two sampling point groups exceeds the difference threshold, but all other parameters are within the corresponding threshold, secondary verification is required. This involves analyzing the other sampling point groups to which these two sampling points belong, and assuming that the other sampling point in these other sampling groups is shared. If it is found that the difference in quality information in one of the two sampling point groups is within the threshold range, while the difference in the other group is not, then the two sampling points are considered to belong to different farmland plots. If both are within the threshold range, then the two sampling points are considered to belong to the same farmland plot, even though one of their quality information differences exceeds the threshold range.

[0092] S114. Traverse all sampling points to obtain all farmland plots within a large area of ​​farmland.

[0093] The purpose of this step is to specifically delineate arable land plots.

[0094] Among them, if the difference in quality information of all adjacent sampling points is within the threshold range, then the two sampling points are considered to be in the same cultivated land plot.

[0095] Specifically, by comparing the quality information of adjacent sampling points, areas where the difference in quality information between all adjacent sampling points is within a threshold range are identified, thus yielding farmland plots. For example... Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the distribution of cultivated land plots in a comprehensive method for controlling black soil quality degradation provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0096] The beneficial effect of step S110 is that by dividing the cultivated land into plots, the quality of black soil in all areas within the same plot is guaranteed to be the same. In subsequent processing, the method for controlling black soil quality degradation can be personalized based entirely on the quality information corresponding to the cultivated land plots, thereby improving the control effect.

[0097] As described in step S120, the purpose of this step is to determine, through analysis of the factors influencing black soil quality, the factors that can affect black soil quality in the future, thereby enabling the construction of a control scheme based on this information. Specifically:

[0098] S121. Based on the location of the black soil farmland, predict the annual meteorological data of the area to obtain long-term climate and environmental information.

[0099] The purpose of this step is to understand that the annual climate environment varies between different regions within the black soil arable land area, and given the increasing climate change in recent years, it is especially necessary to obtain long-term climate environment information in order to establish a long-term black soil quality control plan for the coming year.

[0100] This requires analyzing annual meteorological data for the coming year based on long-term local meteorological records.

[0101] In the prediction of long-term climate and environmental information, a correspondence between months and meteorological information such as temperature, precipitation frequency, and precipitation amount can be established to obtain long-term climate and environmental information.

[0102] Regarding the forecasting methods, various approaches can be used, such as utilizing historical meteorological data for big data and cloud computing analysis, or direct forecasting by local agricultural meteorological departments. This application does not impose any restrictions on these approaches.

[0103] S122. Obtain long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation in all cultivated land plots under the influence of long-term climate and environmental information.

[0104] The purpose of this step is to predict the degradation of black soil quality given the influence of climate conditions, so that a final prediction can be made based on the obtained prediction results. Specifically:

[0105] S1221. Based on long-term climate and environmental information, predict the meteorological environment in different time periods.

[0106] The purpose of this step is to obtain the overall meteorological environment over a longer period of time. Considering that the meteorological environment is obviously different at different times, it is necessary to specifically determine the meteorological environment.

[0107] After obtaining long-term meteorological and environmental information, it is necessary to determine the corresponding meteorological and environmental conditions for different seasons and months.

[0108] Among these, regarding climate and environmental information, it is particularly important to analyze the climate and environment during crop cultivation and growth, as this process is most prone to causing a decline in black soil quality due to cultivation activities. It is also necessary to ensure the good growth of crops in order to improve the subsequent straw return to the field effect.

[0109] S1222. Predict the occurrence of long-term climate events and obtain the superposition results of climate events and long-term climate environment information to obtain the predicted meteorological environment in different time periods.

[0110] The purpose of this step is to address the fact that certain climatic events can lead to significant changes in the long-term climatic environment. If the analysis is based solely on the original results, the findings will be unreliable, and therefore, it is necessary to guard against this problem.

[0111] Among them, the so-called "long-term climate events" refer to climate events that have a relatively long duration of occurrence within the next year, such as El Niño and La Niña.

[0112] As for whether a long-term climate event has occurred, information released by the meteorological department can be used as a reference.

[0113] After obtaining the results of long-term climate events, it is necessary to overlay the obtained predictions with the long-term climate and environmental information to analyze the predicted meteorological environment in different time periods. For example, if a long-term climate event in a certain region shows that the average temperature in June for the area where this large area of ​​farmland is located is 18℃ and the precipitation is 95mm, but a La Niña event is predicted, the temperature will rise by 3℃ and the precipitation will increase by 20mm. In this case, the predicted average temperature for June of that year will be 21℃ and the precipitation will reach 115mm.

[0114] This requires obtaining the predicted meteorological environment for each time period.

[0115] S1223. Obtain the black soil quality degradation status of all cultivated land plots caused by meteorological environment in different time periods, and establish a time axis of black soil quality degradation status in the next year in chronological order to obtain the long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation.

[0116] The purpose of this step is to obtain specific long-term prediction results for the degradation of black soil quality.

[0117] The specific process for obtaining the information on the degradation of black soil quality in all cultivated land plots caused by meteorological conditions in all different time periods can be determined based on the experience of technical personnel or applied based on the current research results; this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0118] This requires establishing a timeline for the occurrence of black soil quality degradation in all cultivated land plots caused by meteorological conditions at different time periods, according to the order of occurrence, such as month and season, for the next year.

[0119] Among them, after sorting the degradation of black soil quality in all cultivated land plots caused by meteorological conditions in all different time periods according to the time axis, the resulting time axis is the long-term prediction result of black soil quality degradation.

[0120] S123. Real-time forecasting of meteorological data within a unit of time in the future to obtain short-term climate and environmental information.

[0121] The purpose of this step is that, after obtaining long-term forecast results, it is obviously necessary to implement them. However, the short-term climate environment will obviously also affect the quality of black soil, and this effect is more significant. Therefore, it is necessary to determine these influencing factors.

[0122] Among them, for "future unit time", different time lengths can be set in different time periods. For example, during the planting and growth period of crops, the unit can be a week or even a day, while during the non-planting period, the unit can be a week or even a month. The specific setting method is not limited in this application.

[0123] In the process of forecasting meteorological data, the start time of the forecasting work is used as the benchmark.

[0124] At each forecast start point, it is necessary to predict meteorological data for the next unit of time in order to obtain short-term climate and environmental information.

[0125] S124. Short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation in all cultivated land plots under the influence of short-term climate and environmental information.

[0126] The purpose of this step is to obtain the effect of short-term climate and environmental information on the degradation of black soil quality caused by the climate and environmental conditions, so as to determine the impact.

[0127] Among these, it is necessary to determine the specific effects of short-term climate and environmental information on the degradation of black soil quality.

[0128] The specific prediction process can be determined based on the experience of technical personnel and existing research results; this application does not impose any limitations on it.

[0129] The beneficial effect of step S120 is that by predicting long-term and short-term climate and environmental information, and obtaining the climate and environmental information obtained from these two types of predictions, the effect of environmental information on the degradation of black soil quality can be determined, so as to realize the establishment of the control method and effectively control the degradation of black soil quality caused by climate and environment.

[0130] As described in step S130, the purpose of this step is to establish a specific black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme after obtaining the effects of climate environment on black soil quality degradation, thereby solving the problem of black soil quality degradation caused by climate environment. Specifically:

[0131] S131. Based on the long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation within the degradation state prediction results, formulate a long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme.

[0132] The purpose of this step is to establish corresponding black soil quality degradation prevention and control schemes after obtaining the long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation.

[0133] Having obtained the long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation, it is clear that the prediction results of black soil quality degradation in different time periods can be obtained.

[0134] For each predicted result of black soil quality degradation, a corresponding control scheme is constructed to obtain the corresponding solution.

[0135] Specifically, the control schemes for black soil quality degradation require targeted adjustments. For example, if a significant increase in rainfall leads to the death of a large number of aerobic bacteria in the soil, resulting in higher acidity and alcohol content, which is toxic to crops, then black soil quality degradation is evident. In this case, the corresponding control scheme is to introduce more aerobic bacteria to achieve this adjustment. Clearly, for the technical solution of this application, the correspondence between the various degradation control schemes used can be determined based on the experience of technical personnel and existing research results. This application does not impose any restrictions as long as there is no conflict between the control methods used simultaneously.

[0136] S132. Establish a long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan, and set the implementation content of the prevention and control plan at each time point within the long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan.

[0137] The purpose of this step is to implement the specific control scheme.

[0138] Once a long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan has been established, it needs to be implemented in accordance with the established plan.

[0139] In particular, for black soil quality degradation prevention and control schemes targeting different time periods, they all need to be implemented when the corresponding time points are reached in order to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation.

[0140] For the long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, it is clear that the methods used will be different in different time periods within the next year, so it is necessary to determine the methods to be used at different times.

[0141] S133. Implement the black soil quality control scheme according to the implementation content of the control scheme at each time point, and obtain the short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation.

[0142] The purpose of this step is to implement the technical solution after obtaining the blocking and control scheme at each time point.

[0143] In this process, after obtaining the black soil quality degradation control plan for each time point, it is necessary to obtain the corresponding time in real time and implement the plan after reaching that time point.

[0144] In particular, considering that the implementation of long-term black soil quality degradation control schemes is anchored by time, and the prediction and implementation of short-term black soil quality degradation prediction results are also anchored by time, the corresponding short-term black soil quality degradation prediction results can be determined based on this anchor point.

[0145] In addition, while implementing a long-term control plan for black soil quality degradation in real time, the corresponding short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation are also obtained.

[0146] S134. Based on the short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation, formulate and implement a short-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan.

[0147] The purpose of this step is to implement both long-term and short-term control schemes based on the long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation, thereby combining the two to improve the control effect.

[0148] After obtaining the short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation, it is necessary to establish the corresponding black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme in order to obtain the short-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme.

[0149] After obtaining a short-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, it is necessary to implement the scheme in order to determine and implement both short-term and long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control schemes.

[0150] The beneficial effect of step S130 is that it can decompose the future time into long-term and short-term in the work of controlling the degradation of black soil quality. This allows for the continuous implementation of the control plan based on the long-term plan, while supplementing the effect based on the short-term plan, so as to improve the control effect of black soil quality degradation.

[0151] As described in step S140, the purpose of this step is that during the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, due to various factors, there may be a gap between the actual prevention and control effect and the theoretical effect, failing to achieve the target. In this case, a supplementary prevention and control scheme needs to be set up to ensure and improve the black soil quality degradation prevention and control effect. Specifically:

[0152] S141. During the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme in all cultivated land plots, the measured black soil quality and theoretical black soil quality of all cultivated land plots shall be obtained in real time.

[0153] The purpose of this step is to obtain quantitative data on whether the target effect has been achieved during the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, thereby laying the foundation for subsequent quantitative quality analysis.

[0154] For the measured black soil quality, sampling can be performed directly according to the sampling points set in step S110, or random sampling can be performed. There is no limitation here, because any method that can obtain the measured black soil quality is acceptable.

[0155] The theoretical black soil quality needs to be obtained based on the experience of technical personnel and existing research results during the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, and is not limited here.

[0156] S142. Based on the measured black soil quality and the theoretical black soil quality, obtain the control target deviation of black soil quality.

[0157] The purpose of this step is to compare the measured and theoretical black soil quality data. This comparison will lay the foundation for the construction of supplementary black soil degradation control schemes in subsequent work.

[0158] The deviation of the control target is obtained by subtracting the measured and theoretical black soil quality data. The equation for calculating the deviation is:

[0159] ,

[0160] Among them, Q i，j F represents the control target deviation for the j-th type of black soil quality within the i-th cultivated land plot; i，j T represents the measured black soil quality data of the j-th type within the i-th cultivated land plot; i，j This represents the theoretical black soil quality data for the j-th type of black soil within the i-th cultivated land plot.

[0161] Where Q i，j A value ≥0 indicates that the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme has achieved its target, and no supplementary prevention and control scheme is needed. This result should not be used as the deviation from the prevention and control target. If Q i，j If the value is less than 0, it indicates that the implementation effect of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control is lower than expected. Taking the absolute value of this value, the result is the deviation of the prevention and control target.

[0162] S143. Obtain the causes of deviation in the control target and establish corresponding supplementary black soil quality degradation control schemes.

[0163] The purpose of this step is to identify, if so, the failure of the black soil degradation prevention and control scheme to achieve the expected results. This indicates the presence of interfering factors in the implementation of the scheme, leading to insufficient control effectiveness. Therefore, causal analysis is necessary, and supplementary black soil degradation prevention and control schemes should be proposed. Specifically:

[0164] S1431. Obtain potential black soil quality degradation factors caused by non-climate environmental information, and obtain the role and manifestation of potential black soil quality degradation factors in black soil cultivated land.

[0165] The purpose of this step is to address the fact that previous steps in analyzing the factors contributing to black soil degradation only addressed the degradation caused by climate and environmental factors. However, non-climate factors can also cause serious black soil degradation problems. In the previous implementation of black soil degradation control schemes, if the schemes were implemented strictly according to the established plan, the problems could only be caused by other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the manifestations of these factors.

[0166] Among these, the so-called manifestations include all aspects such as the transformation products and reaction products of substances that cause the degradation of black soil quality, changes in surface water and even groundwater, and the coverage of agricultural facilities.

[0167] In studying the effects of factors contributing to black soil degradation on black soil farmland, it is necessary to be able to determine all of these effects.

[0168] Among these, the factors contributing to black soil quality degradation caused by non-climate environmental information need to be covered to the greatest extent possible, and specific information can be determined based on the experience of technical personnel and existing research results.

[0169] S1432. Conduct surveys on all cultivated land plots and identify potential black soil quality degradation factors within the cultivated land plots in order to obtain the causes of deviations from the control target.

[0170] The purpose of this step is to conduct on-site surveys of cultivated land plots to identify the effects of all black soil quality degradation factors within the black soil cultivated land, in order to determine the potential black soil quality degradation factors existing within the cultivated land plots. Obviously, these factors need to be addressed.

[0171] The survey of cultivated land includes the detection of compounds that cause black soil quality degradation in the black soil of cultivated land, aerial surveys by agricultural satellites, and on-site inspections of cultivated land. The survey methods used in this process must be able to cover the identification of the effects of all potential black soil quality degradation factors in black soil cultivated land.

[0172] This involves comparing the various phenomena obtained from surveys within cultivated land plots with the effects of all potential black soil quality degradation factors on black soil cultivated land, obtaining the comparison results that have passed, and identifying the potential black soil quality degradation factors corresponding to the comparison results that have passed as the causes of deviations in the control target.

[0173] S1433. Based on the causes of deviation in the control target, establish a corresponding supplementary black soil quality degradation control scheme.

[0174] The purpose of this step is to establish a corresponding supplementary black soil quality degradation control scheme after identifying the causes of deviation from the control target, so as to improve the control effect.

[0175] Once the potential factors contributing to black soil degradation caused by non-climate environmental information are obtained, supplementary black soil degradation prevention and control schemes can be constructed directly based on these factors.

[0176] While in practice, the most common phenomenon is that addressing only one or a few of the causes of the deviation in the control target can ensure the elimination of the deviation, this application believes that the optimal solution is to establish corresponding control schemes for all the causes of the deviation in the control target, and the set of all schemes is a supplementary black soil quality degradation control scheme.

[0177] In some embodiments, when it is found that eliminating the deviation of the control target can be guaranteed by treating only one or a few of the causes of the deviation, then it is sufficient to treat only the causes of the deviation of the control target.

[0178] It is necessary to ensure that there are no conflicts between any of the schemes within the established supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, and that none of the schemes included in it conflict with the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme.

[0179] It should be noted that long-term control schemes, based on predictive schemes, often have better coordination and therefore cannot be changed arbitrarily. Meanwhile, short-term control schemes are the optimal solutions for short-term treatment, and their effects are inevitable. In other words, both the established long-term and short-term black soil quality degradation control schemes have reasons for not being adjustable. Therefore, in order to improve the results of black soil quality degradation control, it is necessary to establish supplementary black soil quality degradation control schemes in addition to these two combinations to ensure that the problem of black soil quality degradation control can be solved.

[0180] S144. Implement a supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme to prevent and control the degradation of supplementary black soil quality.

[0181] The purpose of this step is to implement a supplementary black soil degradation prevention and control scheme to improve the effectiveness of black soil degradation prevention and control.

[0182] After obtaining the supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan, it was implemented according to the established specific plan.

[0183] Among these, supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control schemes need to be implemented immediately after their establishment to improve the efficiency of black soil quality degradation prevention and control work. For example... Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the control scheme relationship in a comprehensive control method for black soil quality degradation provided in an embodiment of this application. Each segment represents the black soil quality degradation control scheme to be used.

[0184] The beneficial effect of step S140 is that, in the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, the existing prevention and control problems are also addressed and corrected, thereby ensuring that the black soil quality degradation prevention and control effect is fully guaranteed in the implementation of the technical scheme.

[0185] As described in step S150, the purpose of this step is to consider that a core task in the control of black soil degradation is to increase the content of various nutrients in the soil. One of the key methods for achieving this goal is straw return to the field. Furthermore, during the black soil degradation control work, farmland also needs to be cultivated, thus the produced straw can be utilized. Therefore, through effective and reasonable straw return to the field, the desired effect can be achieved. Specifically:

[0186] S151. After all crops in all cultivated land plots are harvested, the straw is crushed and mixed, and then returned to the field after being evenly sprayed with a decomposition promoter.

[0187] The purpose of this step is to process the straw returned to the field.

[0188] The crops in different plots of farmland are likely to be different and their forms of expression will also be different. Direct mixing is obviously unreasonable. Therefore, they need to be crushed and then mixed.

[0189] After the straw has been crushed and mixed, a decomposition accelerator needs to be sprayed evenly into the mixture to increase the decomposition rate of the straw returned to the field.

[0190] After the straw has been crushed, mixed and evenly sprayed with a decomposition accelerator, it needs to be returned to the field and buried in the soil.

[0191] S152. After straw is returned to the field, the degree of decomposition of the returned straw is continuously measured and the corresponding monitoring time points are recorded.

[0192] The purpose of this step is to improve the control effect of black soil quality degradation, which requires increasing the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field. When the rate is increased, the straw can provide more nutrients to the soil within a specific time period and reduce black soil clumping. Therefore, it is necessary to record the degree of decomposition and the corresponding time to calculate the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field.

[0193] This requires regular testing of the degree of decomposition of straw returned to the field in order to obtain the degree of decomposition.

[0194] The degree of decomposition of straw returned to the field can be determined by methods such as ultrasonic testing and soil sampling.

[0195] Among these, it is necessary to obtain the time at which each corrosion degree parameter was obtained, and this time is the monitoring time node.

[0196] S153. Obtain the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field based on the degree of decomposition of straw at adjacent monitoring time nodes.

[0197] The purpose of this step is to determine the rate of decomposition of straw returned to the field, in order to determine whether there is a problem with the decomposition of straw returned to the field.

[0198] The obtained decomposition rate is determined based on the degree of decomposition and monitoring time points between two consecutive time points, thus obtaining the decomposition rate of the straw returned to the field between these two time points. The equation for calculating the decomposition rate of the straw returned to the field is as follows:

[0199] ,

[0200] Where v represents the rate of decomposition of straw returned to the field; This indicates the degree of decomposition of straw returned to the field between two adjacent monitoring time points; This indicates the time difference between two adjacent monitoring time points.

[0201] The beneficial effect of step S150 is that the straw return operation can improve the effectiveness of black soil quality degradation prevention and control. At the same time, the decomposition rate of the returned straw can be determined, thereby further improving the effectiveness of black soil quality degradation prevention and control by ensuring the decomposition rate of the returned straw.

[0202] As described in step S160, the purpose of this step is to increase the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field. By increasing the decomposition rate, the degree of decomposition of straw returned to the field during the fallow period is ensured to be higher, thereby comprehensively increasing the total amount of nutrients provided to the soil by the straw returned to the field and improving soil transport efficiency. Specifically:

[0203] S161. Predict soil environmental data from the current monitoring time point and the next monitoring time point to obtain predicted soil environmental data.

[0204] The purpose of this step is to consider that, in ensuring the speed of straw return to the field, the soil internal environment has the greatest impact on the decomposition rate. Therefore, in ensuring the decomposition rate of straw return to the field, it is necessary to predict soil environmental data.

[0205] This requires determining the current season and the degree of change in the soil environment based on the current time point.

[0206] Specific items in the soil environmental data include soil moisture content, microbial community composition, microbial community density, and soil aeration.

[0207] This involves predicting the soil environment data for the next monitoring time point after determining the likelihood of changes in the soil environment. The result obtained is the predicted soil environment data.

[0208] S162. Based on historical straw decomposition data, obtain the correspondence between the decomposition time and the degree of decomposition of straw returned to the field, and obtain the historical data group with the highest total decomposition rate.

[0209] The purpose of this step is to obtain a comparative basis for the current rate of straw decomposition when returned to the field, based on historical data, so as to conduct subsequent numerical comparisons.

[0210] This involves acquiring all historical data on the decomposition of straw returned to the field. This type of data needs to be obtained from the system. If it has not been recorded before, straw processing is carried out based on theoretical analysis and the experience of technical personnel to obtain the theoretically fastest decomposition rate, and the results are recorded.

[0211] Among them, when there are multiple sets of data, the data set with the highest decomposition rate is found from all the data. This process is based on the correspondence between the decomposition time and the degree of decomposition of straw returned to the field.

[0212] S163. Obtain soil environmental data for all monitoring time points of the historical data group with the highest total decomposition rate in order to obtain the soil environmental adjustment target.

[0213] The purpose of this step is to obtain the soil environment at the point where the fastest decomposition rate is achieved after obtaining the data set, and compare it with the current data to determine the target soil environment adjustment.

[0214] Among them, when the historical data set with the highest total decomposition rate was obtained, the soil environmental data corresponding to each time point was analyzed.

[0215] Among them, based on the obtained soil environmental data, soil environmental data is obtained for the cultivated land plots where straw is returned to the field, and the results obtained are the soil environmental adjustment targets.

[0216] In some embodiments, the monitoring time corresponding to the degree of decomposition is matched with all historical data. When adjusting the soil environment, all historical data corresponding to the current monitoring time node and the next monitoring time node are obtained, and the monitoring time period with the fastest decomposition rate is found from it. The corresponding soil environment information is obtained to ensure that the straw returned to the field is in the state of fastest decomposition rate in every time period from the start of returning to the field until the next planting season.

[0217] S164. Based on predicted soil environmental data and soil environmental adjustment targets, adjust the soil internal environment of all cultivated land plots to improve the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field.

[0218] The purpose of this step is to make specific adjustments to the soil environment to increase the rate of straw decomposition when returned to the field.

[0219] After obtaining the predicted soil environment data and the soil environment adjustment targets, the soil environment is adjusted in accordance with the soil environment adjustment targets.

[0220] In the process of adjusting soil environmental data, a soil environmental adjustment plan can be formulated and implemented based on the soil environmental adjustment goals for the current time period and the next time period.

[0221] The beneficial effect of step S160 is that by adjusting the soil environment, the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field can be improved and guaranteed, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of straw return to the field in the process of controlling the degradation of black soil quality.

[0222] As described in step S170, the method for recycling the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme is explained to improve the effectiveness of black soil quality degradation prevention and control work. Specifically:

[0223] S171, The cultivation cycle includes the soil preparation stage before crop cultivation, the implementation and adjustment stage of the plan, and the fallow and maintenance stage between the crop harvest and the soil preparation node before the next crop cultivation.

[0224] The purpose of this step is to explain each cycle of the black soil quality degradation control work.

[0225] The soil preparation stage is the period before crops are planted and before all preparatory work is completed.

[0226] During the real-time and adjustment phases of the plan, it is necessary to design and use the established black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan, and at the same time establish various supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control plans.

[0227] The fallow and maintenance phase mainly involves returning straw to the field.

[0228] S172. During the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, in the soil preparation stage, in accordance with the methods of steps S110 to S130, formulate a black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan for all farmland plots.

[0229] The purpose of this step is to explain the work involved in the soil preparation phase.

[0230] In the implementation of the specific technical solutions, the specific work content is the same as the construction method of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme in steps S110~S130, and will not be repeated here.

[0231] S173. During the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, the implementation and adjustment phase of the plan shall be carried out in accordance with the methods of steps S130 to S140, and the black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan for all farmland plots shall be implemented, and a supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan shall be set up.

[0232] The purpose of this step is to explain the work involved in the implementation and adjustment phases of the plan.

[0233] In the specific implementation of the technical solution, the specific work content is the same as the implementation method of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme in steps S130~S140, and will not be repeated here.

[0234] S174. During the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, the fallow and maintenance phase shall be carried out by returning straw to the field in accordance with the methods in steps S150 to S160.

[0235] The purpose of this step is to explain the work involved in the fallow and maintenance phase.

[0236] In the specific implementation of the technical solution, the specific work content is the same as the straw return to the field work method in steps S150~S160, and will not be repeated here.

[0237] The beneficial effect of step S170 is that it enables the cyclical application of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control method, thereby improving the continuity, sustainability and effectiveness of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control work.

[0238] To better illustrate the beneficial effects of this application as a whole, the soil degradation control effect during the implementation of the technical solution of this application is quantitatively described below: Table 1. Black soil quality data of a farmland plot with poor drainage.

[0239] As shown in Table 1, the soil quality in a poorly drained farmland plot was severely degraded. After two years, or two complete soil degradation control cycles, all soil quality parameters improved. After four complete cycles, the improvement was even more significant, especially in terms of organic matter content. After four years, due to the repeated straw return to the field and the deeper decomposition of straw, the organic matter content in the soil increased more significantly. At the same time, based on the analysis of the impact on environmental factors, the control targets were optimized and adjusted before implementation to ensure that the negative environmental impacts were minimized.

[0240] Table 2. Black soil quality data of a certain plot of farmland with long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers.

[0241] As shown in Table 2, in a certain plot of farmland with excessive long-term application of chemical fertilizers, the soil initially exhibited excessively high acidity. This is because excessive application of chemical fertilizers cannot be completely eliminated, and the long-term effects on the soil lead to increased soil acidity. In addition, this environment is not suitable for the decomposition of straw returned to the field, resulting in a relatively slow increase in organic matter within the first two years. However, between the second and fourth years, the soil pH has tended to be similar to that of normal black soil. Furthermore, after years of straw return to the field, the organic matter content in the soil has increased. At the same time, based on real-time prediction of environmental factors and adjustments to the quality degradation control targets, the quality of black soil has been comprehensively improved.

[0242] The beneficial effects of this application include:

[0243] 1. The implementation time window of the technical solution has been broadened. In the technical solution of this application, the method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality adopts a complete black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme from before the formal planting of crops until the next formal planting period. Under this condition, it can be ensured that the black soil quality degradation prevention and control work can be carried out in each farming cycle, thereby effectively broadening the implementation time window of the technical solution and ensuring that the black soil quality degradation prevention and control work can be implemented in all time periods.

[0244] 2. Improved the effectiveness of the technical solution. The technical solution in this application establishes a continuously evolving approach for controlling black soil degradation. By constructing a combination of long-term and short-term black soil degradation control schemes and implementation models, the effectiveness of black soil degradation control is improved. Furthermore, during the specific application of the control schemes, the established and implemented black soil degradation control schemes are modified to ensure their effectiveness, thereby enhancing the overall impact of the black soil degradation control scheme.

[0245] 3. The implementation and sustainability of the technical solution have been optimized. In the technical solution of this application, the construction of the black soil degradation prevention and control scheme can be carried out throughout the entire cropping period. From soil pretreatment before crop planting to fallow after crop harvest, appropriate schemes are used to prevent and control black soil degradation. Furthermore, because this technical solution can be implemented year-round, it inherently possesses good sustainability. Therefore, through continuous black soil degradation prevention and control operations, the effectiveness of black soil degradation prevention and control can be improved.

[0246] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by computer program-related hardware. The aforementioned computer program can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium, and when executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. Alternatively, if the integrated unit of the present invention is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a non-volatile storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a non-volatile storage medium and includes several components to enable an electronic device (which may be a personal computer, server, network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0247] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality, characterized in that, The blocking method includes: S110. Conduct black soil quality testing on large areas of black soil farmland to obtain the black soil quality degradation status and delineate farmland plots. S120. Predict environmental information within all cultivated land plots and obtain prediction results of black soil quality degradation status of cultivated land plots. S130. Based on the predicted degradation status, formulate and implement a black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan for all cultivated land plots. S140. During the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, the black soil quality is acquired in real time, and a supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme is set. S150. After all crops are harvested, straw should be returned to the field, and the rate of straw decomposition should be continuously monitored. S160. Based on predicted soil environmental data, adjust the soil internal environment of all cultivated land plots to improve the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field. S170. In the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, black soil quality degradation prevention and control shall be carried out in accordance with steps S110~S160.

2. The comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, S110 involves conducting black soil quality testing on a large area of ​​black soil farmland to obtain the black soil quality degradation status and delineating farmland plots, including: Sampling points were evenly set up in a large area of ​​black soil farmland, and black soil samples were obtained. Quality testing was conducted on black soil samples, and a correspondence between black soil sampling points and quality was established. Adjacent and corresponding sampling points of the same quality are set as a group of sampling points of the same quality until a region of sampling points of the same quality is obtained to obtain the farmland plots; Traverse all sampling points to obtain all farmland plots within a large area of ​​farmland.

3. The comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, S120, predicting environmental information within all cultivated land plots and obtaining prediction results of black soil quality degradation status of cultivated land plots, includes: Based on the location of the black soil farmland, predict the annual meteorological data of the region to obtain long-term climate and environmental information. Long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation in all cultivated land plots under the influence of long-term climate and environmental information; Real-time forecasting of meteorological data within a unit of time in the future to obtain short-term climate and environmental information; Short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation in all arable land plots under the influence of short-term climate and environmental information.

4. A comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality according to claim 3, characterized in that, The long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation in all cultivated land plots under the influence of long-term climate and environmental information acquisition include: Based on long-term climate and environmental information, predict the meteorological environment in different time periods; Predict the occurrence of long-term climate events and obtain the superposition results of climate events and long-term climate environment information to obtain the predicted meteorological environment in different time periods; The study aims to obtain information on the degradation of black soil quality in all cultivated land plots caused by meteorological conditions at different time periods, and to establish a timeline of black soil quality degradation for the next year in chronological order, so as to obtain long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation.

5. A comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, S130, based on the degradation state prediction results, formulate and implement black soil quality degradation prevention and control plans for all cultivated land plots, including: Based on the long-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation within the degradation state prediction results, a long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme is formulated. Establish a long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan, and set the implementation content of the prevention and control plan at each time point within the long-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan; According to the implementation content of the control plan at each time point, the black soil quality control plan is implemented, and the short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation are obtained. Based on the short-term prediction results of black soil quality degradation, a short-term black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan was formulated and implemented.

6. A comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, S140, during the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, real-time acquisition of black soil quality and setting of a supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme, including: During the implementation of the black soil quality degradation prevention and control scheme in all cultivated land plots, the measured black soil quality and theoretical black soil quality of all cultivated land plots were acquired in real time. Based on the measured black soil quality and the theoretical black soil quality, the deviation of the control target for black soil quality is obtained; The causes of deviations from the control target were identified, and corresponding supplementary black soil quality degradation control schemes were established. A scheme to prevent and control the degradation of supplementary black soil quality was implemented.

7. A comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of identifying the causes of deviations in the control target and establishing corresponding supplementary black soil quality degradation control schemes includes: To obtain information on potential factors contributing to black soil quality degradation caused by non-climate environmental factors, and to understand the role and manifestation of these factors in black soil cultivated land. All cultivated land plots were surveyed, and potential factors contributing to black soil quality degradation within these plots were identified to determine the causes of deviations from control targets. Based on the causes of deviations in the control target, a corresponding supplementary black soil quality degradation control scheme is established.

8. A comprehensive method for controlling the degradation of black soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S150, after all crops are harvested from cultivated land, straw is returned to the field, and the rate of straw decomposition is continuously monitored, including: After all crops in all cultivated land plots are harvested, the straw is crushed and mixed, and then returned to the field after being evenly sprayed with a decomposition promoter; After straw is returned to the field, the degree of decomposition of the returned straw is continuously monitored and the corresponding monitoring time points are recorded. The decomposition rate of straw returned to the field is obtained based on the degree of decomposition of straw at adjacent monitoring time points.

9. A comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, S160, based on predicted soil environmental data, adjusts the soil environment of all cultivated land plots to improve the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field, including: Predictive soil environmental data is obtained by analyzing soil environmental data from the current monitoring time point and the next monitoring time point. Based on historical data on straw decomposition, the correlation between the decomposition time and degree of straw returned to the field was obtained, and the historical data set with the highest total decomposition rate was obtained. Soil environmental data for all monitoring time points of the historical data set with the highest total decomposition rate were obtained in order to determine the soil environmental adjustment target. Based on predicted soil environmental data and soil environmental adjustment targets, the soil internal environment of all cultivated land plots is adjusted to improve the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field.

10. A comprehensive method for preventing and controlling the degradation of black soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, S170, during the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, black soil quality degradation is controlled according to steps S110~S160, including: The cultivation cycle includes the soil preparation stage before crop cultivation, the implementation and adjustment stage of the plan, and the fallow and maintenance stage between crop harvest and the soil preparation node before the next crop cultivation. During the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, the soil preparation stage shall follow the methods of steps S110 to S130 to formulate a black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan for all farmland plots. During the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, the implementation and adjustment phase of the plan will follow the steps S130~S140 to implement the black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan for all farmland plots and set up a supplementary black soil quality degradation prevention and control plan. During the next cultivation cycle of black soil farmland, the fallow and maintenance phase involves returning straw to the field according to steps S150-S160.

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