A method for breeding a new wheat variety, Fumi 338

Abstract

This invention discloses a breeding method for a new wheat variety, Fumai 338, belonging to the field of wheat breeding technology. The method includes: parental selection, creating hybrid combinations from two wheat materials with complementary traits and suitable genetic background differences; F1 hybridization, planting hybrid seeds to obtain the F1 population and eliminating false hybrids; F2 segregating population selection, planting the F2 population and directionally selecting individual plants; F3 row stress screening, planting F3 rows and using natural stress from Fusarium head blight for selection; multi-generation continuous stable purification, performing self-pollination and trait identification on the core lines from F4 to F6 to obtain stable lines; comprehensive evaluation and naming of the lines; and, after years of multi-location yield, resistance, and quality evaluation, the new wheat variety Fumai 338 is obtained. This invention, through directional hybridization, stress screening, and multi-generation continuous purification, breeds a new wheat variety that is semi-winter, short-stalked and lodging-resistant, high-yielding and stable, with good overall disease resistance and medium gluten quality, suitable for planting in the southern part of the Huang-Huai winter wheat region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wheat breeding technology, specifically to a breeding method for a new wheat variety, Fumai 338. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat is my country's primary staple food crop, and the Huang-Huai winter wheat region is the country's main wheat-producing area, with a large annual planting area and high yield, playing a vital role in ensuring national food security. Currently, most wheat varieties promoted in production are semi-winter types, generally pursuing comprehensive traits such as high yield, stable yield, short stalks and lodging resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance, and excellent quality. However, existing varieties still have significant shortcomings in actual production, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the three core requirements of high yield, stress resistance, and high quality.

[0003] Existing wheat breeding methods mostly employ conventional hybridization and simple pedigree selection, which suffer from problems such as a single technical approach, insufficient selection pressure, and low trait aggregation efficiency. Specifically, the problems are as follows: First, the parental selection lacks precise complementary design, making it difficult to effectively combine high yield with high quality and stress resistance traits. This often results in varieties that are high-yielding but not high-quality, high-quality but not high-yielding, and have weak stress resistance. Second, the intensity of stress screening during the breeding process is insufficient, especially the utilization of natural stress from common diseases such as Fusarium head blight and sheath blight. This leads to poor disease resistance stability in the bred varieties, making them prone to disease and yield reduction in later stages. Third, the selection of traits lacks quantitative standards, relying heavily on visual phenotypes in the field. The selection precision for key traits such as plant height, ear type, uniformity, and thousand-grain weight is low, making it difficult to guarantee variety stability and consistency. Fourth, there is insufficient stable generations. Most varieties are finalized after only 1-2 generations of self-pollination, resulting in impure genetic backgrounds and a tendency for segregation and degeneration in the field. Fifth, there is a lack of multi-point adaptability screening in different ecological zones, resulting in narrow regional adaptability of the bred varieties. They exhibit significant differences in performance under different water, fertilizer, and climatic conditions, making large-scale promotion difficult.

[0004] Furthermore, the southern part of the Huang-Huai wheat region has complex ecological conditions, with the Huaihe River basin being relatively arid and the northern Jiangsu region being relatively humid. This results in significant differences in the requirements for cold resistance, lodging resistance, moisture tolerance, and disease resistance of wheat varieties, making it difficult for existing varieties to adapt to different ecological types simultaneously. At the same time, as the market's requirements for wheat quality continue to increase, there is a strong demand for high-quality medium-gluten and medium-strong gluten wheat, while existing varieties suffer from poor quality stability and unsatisfactory marketability, making it difficult to meet the needs of processing and consumption upgrades.

[0005] In summary, existing wheat varieties and breeding methods suffer from technical deficiencies such as difficulty in trait aggregation, weak stress screening, low selection precision, poor stability, narrow adaptability, and unstable quality. There is an urgent need to develop a new wheat breeding method that can accurately select parents, strengthen abiotic stress, quantify trait selection, achieve stable purification over multiple generations, and conduct ecological screening at multiple locations. This method aims to cultivate high-yielding, stable-yielding, short-stalked, lodging-resistant, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, high-quality, and widely adaptable new wheat varieties to meet the production and market demands of the southern part of the Huang-Huai winter wheat region. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a breeding method for a new wheat variety, Fumai 338, which solves the technical problems of unbalanced comprehensive traits, insufficient stress resistance, and limited yield potential of existing varieties. It breeds a new wheat variety that is semi-winter, short-stalked and lodging-resistant, cold-resistant and frost-resistant, high-yielding and stable, with good comprehensive disease resistance and medium gluten quality.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention to solve the technical problem is as follows:

[0008] A method for breeding a new wheat variety, Fumai 338, includes the following steps performed sequentially:

[0009] 1) Parental selection: Based on the breeding objectives, select two wheat materials with complementary traits and suitable genetic background differences to prepare hybrid combinations and obtain hybrid seeds;

[0010] 2) F1 hybridization: The hybrid seeds described above are planted to obtain the F1 population. False hybrids are removed, and true hybrids are retained to complete the identification of the authenticity of the hybridization.

[0011] 3) Selection of second-generation segregating population: F2 segregating population obtained by self-pollination of F1 plants is selected from the population to construct a selection base population with excellent comprehensive agronomic traits and strong stress resistance;

[0012] 4) Three-generation row stress screening: Selected individual plants are planted as F3 rows, and natural stress is used for targeted screening to eliminate poor-performing rows and retain core lines with excellent overall performance.

[0013] 5) Multi-generation continuous stable purification: The core strains are continuously self-pollinated, planted in rows and rows and identified for trait consistency. Key agronomic traits are stabilized generation by generation to obtain stable strains with uniform traits.

[0014] 6) Comprehensive evaluation and naming of strains: The stable strains were evaluated for yield, resistance and quality over many years at multiple locations. Strains that meet the breeding objectives were selected and designated as the new wheat variety Fumai 338.

[0015] Further technology of the present invention:

[0016] Preferably, in step 2), the sowing rate is 8-10 kg / mu; the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the plant spacing is 8-10 cm.

[0017] Preferably, in step 3), the parameters for directional selection are: plant height 75-85cm, stem wall thickness ≥1.8mm, ear length ≥10cm, number of ears per plant ≥5, seed setting rate ≥85%, and natural disease level in the field ≤3; the number of selected individual plants is 30-50.

[0018] Preferably, in step 4), the plant spacing specifications are: row length 2.0-2.5m, row spacing 25cm, and 25-30 seeds sown per row; the natural abiotic stress is natural onset of Fusarium head blight with an incidence rate ≥30%; the elimination criteria are: disease incidence rate ≥40%, seed setting rate <80%, and uniformity <85%.

[0019] Preferably, in step 5), the continuous self-crossing is self-crossing from generation F4 to F6.

[0020] Preferably, in step 5), the trait identification parameters include: plant height coefficient of variation ≤ 5%, ear uniformity ≥ 95%, and thousand-grain weight ≥ 45g.

[0021] Preferably, in step 5), the uniformity of the stable strain population is ≥95%.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in:

[0023] This invention employs a technical route involving parental selection, hybridization identification, second-generation directional selection, third-generation Fusarium head blight stress screening, multi-generation continuous purification, and comprehensive identification and naming. Each step is closely linked and the screening is precise, effectively combining high yield, short stalks, cold resistance, lodging resistance, good disease resistance, and medium gluten quality. The selected Fumai 338 is a semi-winter, medium-maturing variety with a compact plant type, strong stems, strong lodging resistance, high tillering and ear formation rate, uniform ear layer, excellent grain filling characteristics, high yield potential, and good yield stability. It is cold-resistant and frost-resistant, with strong tolerance to spring low-temperature damage; it exhibits good overall disease resistance, full grains, excellent marketability, and meets medium gluten quality standards. It has wide adaptability and is suitable for planting in high-water-fertility plots in the southern part of the Huang-Huai winter wheat region, possessing good promotional and application value. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1: Breeding and Cultivation Implementation in Huaibei Region, Anhui Province:

[0026] 1) Parental selection: In the spring of 2013, using the stable line 33207, a hybrid offspring of (Huaimai 33 × Bainong 207), as the female parent and the introduced wheat variety Xinong 822 as the male parent, artificial pollination was conducted to prepare hybrid combinations and obtain hybrid seeds. Among them, the female parent 33207 was obtained by sexual hybridization of Huaimai 33 and Bainong 207 and multi-generation systematic selection; the male parent Xinong 822 is an introduced superior wheat variety.

[0027] 2) F1 hybridization: Sow in the autumn of 2013-2014 with a sowing rate of 8-10 kg / mu; row spacing of 20-25 cm and plant spacing of 8-10 cm; plant to obtain F1 population, remove false hybrids and retain true hybrids.

[0028] 3) Selection of second-generation segregation population: F2 population was planted in 2014-2015; single plants with plant height of 75-85cm, stem wall thickness ≥1.8mm, ear length ≥10cm, number of ears per plant ≥5, seed setting rate ≥85%, and natural disease level in the field ≤3 were selected; 30-50 single plants were selected and single ears were threshed and preserved.

[0029] 4) Three-generation plant stress screening: In 2015-2016, F2 selected individual plants were planted with row length of 2.0-2.5m, row spacing of 25cm, and 25-30 seeds per row to form F3 plant rows; in the same year, Fusarium head blight naturally occurred in high incidence, and plant rows with disease incidence rate ≥40%, seed setting rate <80%, and uniformity <85% were eliminated; the 16-33-8 core line was retained.

[0030] 5) Multi-generation continuous stable purification: From 2016 to 2018, the 16-33-8 line was continuously self-pollinated from F4 to F6, planted in rows and rows and identified in terms of traits; the plant height variation coefficient was identified as ≤5%, ear uniformity was ≥95% and thousand-grain weight was ≥45g; segregating plants, mutant plants and hybrid plants were eliminated generation by generation to obtain a stable line with population uniformity ≥95%.

[0031] 6) Comprehensive evaluation and naming of the strain: The yield, resistance and quality were evaluated at multiple locations in Huaibei area of ​​Anhui Province over many years. The strain that met the breeding objectives was selected and named as the new wheat variety Fumai 338.

[0032] This region belongs to the southern part of the Huang-Huai wheat-growing area, characterized by a high level of water and fertilizer management, a suitable climate, and fertile soil. In this region, Fumai 338 exhibits semi-winter, medium-maturing characteristics, strong overwintering cold resistance, and good tolerance to late frost. It has moderate to high tillering capacity, a high ear-forming rate, and uniform ear layers. Its stems are sturdy and have strong lodging resistance. It also demonstrates good overall disease resistance, good grain vitreousness and plumpness, a low rate of black embryos, excellent marketability, and meets the medium-gluten wheat standard.

[0033] The suitable sowing period is from October 15th to November 5th; the basic seedling density is 160,000-180,000 per mu; the base fertilizer should be a combination of farmyard manure and NPK compound fertilizer, with 70% of the nitrogen fertilizer applied as a base fertilizer and 30% applied as a top dressing at the jointing stage, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied as a base fertilizer in one go; in fertile and irrigated plots, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately controlled or excessive growth should be controlled before the jointing stage; in the middle and late stages, the focus should be on preventing and controlling sheath blight, Fusarium head blight, powdery mildew and aphids; in dry years, timely irrigation should be carried out to prevent damage from spring frost.

[0034] Example 2: Breeding and Cultivation Implementation in Northern Jiangsu Province:

[0035] 1) Parental selection: In the spring of 2013, using the stable line 33207, a hybrid offspring of (Huaimai 33 × Bainong 207), as the female parent and the introduced wheat variety Xinong 822 as the male parent, artificial pollination was conducted to prepare hybrid combinations and obtain hybrid seeds. Among them, the female parent 33207 was obtained by sexual hybridization of Huaimai 33 and Bainong 207 and multi-generation systematic selection; the male parent Xinong 822 is an introduced superior wheat variety.

[0036] 2) F1 hybridization: Sow in the autumn of 2013-2014 with a sowing rate of 8-10 kg / mu; row spacing of 20-25 cm and plant spacing of 8-10 cm; plant to obtain F1 population, remove false hybrids and retain true hybrids.

[0037] 3) Selection of second-generation segregation population: F2 population was planted in 2014-2015; single plants with plant height of 75-85cm, stem wall thickness ≥1.8mm, ear length ≥10cm, number of ears per plant ≥5, seed setting rate ≥85%, and natural disease level in the field ≤3 were selected; 30-50 single plants were selected and single ears were threshed and preserved.

[0038] 4) Three-generation plant stress screening: In 2015-2016, F2 selected individual plants were planted with row length of 2.0-2.5m, row spacing of 25cm, and 25-30 seeds per row to form F3 plant rows; in the same year, Fusarium head blight naturally occurred in high incidence, and plant rows with disease incidence rate ≥40%, seed setting rate <80%, and uniformity <85% were eliminated; the 16-33-8 core line was retained.

[0039] 5) Multi-generation continuous stable purification: From 2016 to 2018, the 16-33-8 line was continuously self-pollinated from F4 to F6, planted in rows and rows and identified in terms of traits; the plant height variation coefficient was identified as ≤5%, ear uniformity was ≥95% and thousand-grain weight was ≥45g; segregating plants, mutant plants and hybrid plants were eliminated generation by generation to obtain a stable line with population uniformity ≥95%.

[0040] 6) Comprehensive evaluation and naming of the strain: The yield, resistance and quality were evaluated at multiple locations in northern Jiangsu Province over many years. The strain that met the breeding objectives was selected and named the new wheat variety Fumai 338.

[0041] This region belongs to the southern part of the Huang-Huai wheat-growing area, characterized by a relatively humid ecological type, with ample sunshine and moderate rainfall. In this region, Fumai 338 exhibits semi-winter, medium-maturing characteristics with outstanding resistance to late spring frosts; strong tillering ability and a well-coordinated plant population structure; good stem elasticity and strong lodging resistance; rapid grain filling in the later stages; excellent yellowing and no premature senescence; good overall disease resistance; and full, uniform grains with stable quality, meeting the medium gluten standard.

[0042] The suitable sowing period is from October 20 to November 10; the basic seedling density is 170,000 to 190,000 per mu; apply more organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in combination, with a reasonable ratio of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer and fertilizer applied at the jointing stage; pay attention to field drainage in plots with high soil moisture to reduce the risk of sheath blight; focus on the prevention and control of Fusarium head blight, powdery mildew and aphids; appropriately increase the amount of seed used in late-sown plots to ensure basic seedling density.

[0043] The two embodiments described above were used to complete breeding and planting verification in different ecological zones in the southern part of the Huang-Huai wheat region. Both were carried out strictly in accordance with the steps and parameters defined in the claims, and the breeding process was stable and repeatable. Fumai 338 showed good adaptability, high yield, stress resistance and quality stability in different ecological zones. The cultivation points can be flexibly adjusted according to the regional ecological characteristics, and it is suitable for promotion and planting in high-water and high-fertility plots in the southern part of the Huang-Huai winter wheat region.

[0044] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for breeding a new wheat variety, Fumai 338, characterized in that, The following steps are performed sequentially: 1) Parental selection: Based on the breeding objectives, select two wheat materials with complementary traits and suitable genetic background differences to prepare hybrid combinations and obtain hybrid seeds; 2) F1 hybridization: The hybrid seeds described above are planted to obtain the F1 population. False hybrids are removed, and true hybrids are retained to complete the identification of the authenticity of the hybridization. 3) Selection of second-generation segregating population: F2 segregating population obtained by self-pollination of F1 plants is selected from the population to construct a selection base population with excellent comprehensive agronomic traits and strong stress resistance; 4) Three-generation row stress screening: Selected individual plants are planted as F3 rows, and natural stress is used for targeted screening to eliminate poor-performing rows and retain core lines with excellent overall performance. 5) Multi-generation continuous stable purification: The core strains are continuously self-pollinated, planted in rows and rows and identified for trait consistency. Key agronomic traits are stabilized generation by generation to obtain stable strains with uniform traits. 6) Comprehensive evaluation and naming of strains: The stable strains were evaluated for yield, resistance and quality over many years at multiple locations. Strains that meet the breeding objectives were selected and designated as the new wheat variety Fumai 338.

2. The breeding method for a new wheat variety, Fumai 338, according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step 2), the sowing rate is 8-10 kg / mu; the row spacing is 20-25 cm and the plant spacing is 8-10 cm.

3. The breeding method for a new wheat variety, Fumai 338, according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step 3), the parameters for directional selection are: plant height 75-85cm, stem wall thickness ≥1.8mm, ear length ≥10cm, number of ears per plant ≥5, seed setting rate ≥85%, and natural disease level in the field ≤3; the number of selected individual plants is 30-50.

4. The breeding method for a new wheat variety, Fumai 338, according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step 4), the plant spacing specifications are as follows: row length 2.0-2.5m, row spacing 25cm, and 25-30 seeds sown per row; the natural abiotic stress is natural onset of Fusarium head blight with an incidence rate ≥30%; the elimination criteria are: disease incidence rate ≥40%, seed setting rate <80%, and uniformity <85%.

5. The breeding method for a new wheat variety, Fumai 338, according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step 5), the continuous self-crossing is self-crossing from generation F4 to F6.

6. The breeding method for a new wheat variety, Fumai 338, according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step 5), the trait identification parameters include: plant height coefficient of variation ≤ 5%, ear uniformity ≥ 95%, and thousand-grain weight ≥ 45g.

7. The breeding method for a new wheat variety, Fumai 338, according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step 5), the uniformity of the stable strain population is ≥95%.