A micro intelligent tracking tag and system

Abstract

The application relates to a micro intelligent tracking label and system, which comprises a base layer, the base layer comprising a flexible circuit board; an energy layer integrated on the base layer, the energy layer comprising a flexible thin film photovoltaic and a micro thin film solid-state battery; a load layer electrically connected with the energy layer, the load layer comprising a system on chip (SoC) and a Bluetooth communication module; and a packaging layer comprising a biocompatible light-transmitting pressure film, covering the load layer and the energy layer, so as to solve the problem of excessive weight of an animal tracker.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal tracking technology, and in particular to a miniature intelligent tracking tag and system. Background Technology

[0002] In scenarios such as wildlife tracking and biodiversity monitoring, traditional GPS / GNSS trackers and trackers relying on cellular network communication cannot be further miniaturized and reduced in weight due to their rigid structure and energy density. Therefore, traditional trackers typically weigh over 5g and are suitable for medium to large animals, such as large birds. However, for small migratory birds weighing less than 20g (such as warblers and swallows), the weight of traditional trackers already reaches more than 20% of their body weight. Excessive weight can affect the migratory survival rate of these small migratory birds.

[0003] Traditional trackers typically consist of a positioning module, communication module, power supply unit, antenna, and housing, with their circuitry and functional components mostly housed within a rigid circuit board or hard casing. For larger animals, traditional trackers can usually be installed using collars, carrying structures, straps, or other securing mechanisms. However, for smaller, lighter, and more agile animals such as small birds, traditional rigid trackers struggle to achieve a stable, low-interference fit with their bodies or feathered areas. During complex activities such as flight, darting through branches, and mating, rigid trackers can easily cause friction or obstruction, thus interfering with the birds' natural activities.

[0004] Therefore, how to reduce the weight and size of the tracker and minimize the interference of rigid structures on animal activities while ensuring the animal tracking capability has become a pressing technical challenge in the field of animal tracking technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application provides a miniature intelligent tracking tag to solve the technical problems of animal trackers being heavy, bulky, and having rigid structures that can easily interfere with animal activities.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a miniature smart tracking tag, including: The base layer includes a flexible circuit board; An energy layer, integrated onto the substrate, includes: flexible thin-film photovoltaic cells and micro-thin-film solid-state batteries. A payload layer, electrically connected to the energy layer, includes a system-on-a-chip (SoC) and a Bluetooth communication module. An encapsulation layer, including a biocompatible light-transmitting membrane, covers the load layer and the energy layer.

[0007] In one embodiment, the micro smart tracking tag is attached to the surface of the animal to be tracked or to a predetermined location. Based on its internal flexible circuit board and flexible thin-film photovoltaic structure, it can be bent and deformed to achieve bending and deformation of the micro smart tracking tag according to the shape or movement of the attachment location.

[0008] In one embodiment, the micro-thin-film solid-state battery employs a layered structure combining a solid electrolyte with a nano-engineered all-ceramic electrode.

[0009] In one embodiment, the flexible thin-film photovoltaic is electrically connected to a micro thin-film solid-state battery. The flexible thin-film photovoltaic converts solar energy into electrical energy to charge the micro thin-film solid-state battery. The micro thin-film solid-state battery is electrically connected to the SoC (System-on-a-Chip) to supply power to the SoC. The SoC detects the supply voltage. When the power supply voltage meets the conditions for solar charging, the Bluetooth communication module is set to continuous broadcast mode or high duty cycle broadcast mode, wherein the high duty cycle broadcast mode includes turning on the Bluetooth broadcast function for 100 seconds every 120-second cycle. If the power supply voltage does not meet the conditions for solar charging, the Bluetooth communication module is set to a low duty cycle broadcast mode or the Bluetooth broadcast function is turned off. The low duty cycle broadcast mode includes turning on the Bluetooth broadcast function for 10 seconds every 120-second cycle. The continuous broadcast mode, high duty cycle broadcast mode, and low duty cycle broadcast mode all use 2.4 GHz band low-power Bluetooth broadcast.

[0010] In one embodiment, the Bluetooth communication module is used to broadcast the tracking data recorded by the micro smart tracking tag, and a fixed gateway and / or user mobile client deployed in the habitat of the animal tracked by the micro smart tracking tag receives the tracking data and uploads the tracking data to a cloud server.

[0011] In one embodiment, the flexible thin-film photovoltaic cell has a size no greater than 3.3mm × 3.3mm, the open-circuit voltage of a single flexible thin-film photovoltaic cell is 2.5V, the nominal voltage of a single micro thin-film solid-state battery cell is 2.3V, the capacity of the micro thin-film solid-state battery cell is no less than 150 μAh, and the size of the micro thin-film solid-state battery cell is no greater than 3.5mm × 5.1mm.

[0012] In one embodiment, the payload layer further includes a micro-expansion interface for supporting signal transmission and power supply for the extended sensor.

[0013] In one embodiment, the miniature smart tracking tag further includes a sensor electrically connected to the SoC via the miniature expansion interface. The sensor is used to collect sensor data, and the sensor includes at least one of a photosensor, barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, accelerometer, and attitude sensor. The sensor data includes at least one of light intensity, air pressure, temperature, humidity, acceleration, and attitude.

[0014] In one embodiment, the micro-smart tracking tag is attached to the surface of the animal to be tracked using bio-adhesive; and / or, The miniature smart tracking tag is attached to the fur or feathers of the animal to be tracked via a snap-fit, and / or the miniature smart tracking tag is attached to the outside of the band on the legs and feet of the animal to be tracked.

[0015] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide an intelligent tracking system, including: the aforementioned miniature intelligent tracking tag, a fixed gateway and / or a user mobile client, and a cloud server. The fixed gateway and / or user mobile client are deployed in the animal habitats tracked by the miniature smart tracking tags. The miniature smart tracking tag is used to broadcast Bluetooth broadcast signals to transmit tracking data; The fixed gateway and / or user mobile client are used to determine the RSSI strength data of the Bluetooth broadcast signal after receiving the tracking data from the Bluetooth broadcast signal, and upload the tracking data, the Bluetooth broadcast signal strength, and the location data collected by the fixed gateway and / or user mobile client to the cloud server. The cloud server is used to calculate the location of the miniature smart tracking tag based on the RSSI, the location data collected by the fixed gateway and / or the user's mobile client, and the tracking data. The tracking data includes at least one of the following: the time of collection by the micro smart tracking tag and sensor data.

[0016] This application provides a miniature smart tracking tag that uses a flexible thin-film photovoltaic system to collect solar energy and a miniature thin-film solid-state battery to store the electrical energy converted from solar energy. The electrical energy drives a Bluetooth communication module to broadcast and transmit Bluetooth signals. The flexible thin-film photovoltaic system, the miniature thin-film solid-state battery, the Bluetooth communication module, and the SoC microcircuit are integrated onto a flexible circuit board and encapsulated with a biocompatible light-transmitting film. This makes the entire miniature smart tracking tag small in size, light in weight, and flexible, making it easier to attach to the animal to be tracked. While tracking the animal via Bluetooth signals, it avoids interfering with the animal's survival. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a miniature intelligent tracking tag structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a miniature smart tracking tag structure with an expandable interface provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the miniature intelligent tracking tag provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, it will be described in more detail below. However, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments or examples described herein. Rather, these embodiments or examples are provided to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and complete.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments or examples only and is not intended to limit the invention. The optional scope of the term "and / or" as used herein includes any one of two or more of the related listed items, as well as any and all combinations of the related listed items, including any two related listed items, any more related listed items, or a combination of all related listed items.

[0021] To provide a lightweight animal tracker, embodiments of this application provide an ultralight, flexible, miniature smart tracking tag, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown. The weight of this miniature smart tracking tag can be no more than 0.5g.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a miniature intelligent tracking tag structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0023] The miniature smart tracking tag consists of a base layer, an energy layer, a payload layer, and an encapsulation layer.

[0024] The substrate may include a flexible printed circuit (FPC). The flexible printed circuit may be, but is not limited to, at least one of the following materials: PI (Polyimide), LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer), and PEN (Polyethylene Naphthalate).

[0025] The energy layer, integrated into the base layer, includes: flexible thin-film photovoltaics and micro thin-film solid-state batteries.

[0026] The payload layer is electrically connected to the energy layer and includes a SoC (System on Chip) and a Bluetooth communication module.

[0027] The encapsulation layer, including a biocompatible light-transmitting membrane, covers the load layer and the energy layer.

[0028] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the load layer and the energy layer may be located at different positions on the same side of the flexible circuit board so that the flexible circuit board can be bent.

[0029] Miniature smart tracking tags can be attached to the surface of the animal being tracked or to a predetermined location. Based on the flexible circuit board and flexible thin-film photovoltaic structure inside, the tags can be bent and deformed according to the shape or movement of the attachment location.

[0030] For example, the load layer can be located above the micro-thin-film solid-state battery of the energy layer to reduce the area occupied by the circuit and increase the area of ​​the flexible part of the micro smart tracking tag.

[0031] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the micro thin-film solid-state battery employs a layered structure combining a solid electrolyte with a nano-engineered all-ceramic electrode. The solid electrolyte replaces the traditional liquid electrolyte and separator, reducing the risk of liquid electrolyte leakage, combustion, or thermal runaway. The combination of the solid electrolyte and the nano-engineered all-ceramic electrode can improve power density, charge / discharge rate, cycle life, and miniaturization. This structure can be packaged in a surface-mount form, thus offering better integration convenience.

[0032] The flexible thin-film photovoltaic is electrically connected to the micro thin-film solid-state battery. The flexible thin-film photovoltaic converts solar energy into electrical energy to charge the micro thin-film solid-state battery. The micro thin-film solid-state battery is electrically connected to the SoC to supply power to the SoC. The SoC detects the supply voltage.

[0033] When the power supply voltage meets the conditions for solar charging, the Bluetooth communication module is set to continuous broadcast mode or high duty cycle broadcast mode. In one embodiment, the high duty cycle broadcast mode is to enable the Bluetooth broadcast function for 100 seconds every 120-second cycle. If the power supply voltage does not meet the conditions for solar charging, the Bluetooth communication module is set to a low duty cycle broadcast mode or the Bluetooth broadcast function is turned off. In one embodiment, the low duty cycle broadcast mode is to turn on the Bluetooth broadcast function for 10 seconds every 120-second cycle. The continuous broadcast mode, high duty cycle broadcast mode, and low duty cycle broadcast mode all use 2.4 GHz band low-power Bluetooth broadcast.

[0034] The open-circuit voltage of a single flexible thin-film photovoltaic cell can be 2.5V, and the nominal voltage of a single micro thin-film solid-state battery cell can be 2.3V. Depending on the actual application scenario, the open-circuit voltage of a single flexible thin-film photovoltaic cell can also be 2.6V, and the nominal voltage of a single micro thin-film solid-state battery cell can be 2.5V.

[0035] The capacity of the micro thin-film solid-state battery is no less than 150μAh, the size of the micro thin-film solid-state battery is no greater than 3.5mm×5.1mm, and the size of the flexible thin-film photovoltaic is no greater than 3.3mm×3.3mm, thereby achieving ultra-light weight and ultra-small area of ​​the micro smart tracking tag.

[0036] The aforementioned Bluetooth communication module can also be used to broadcast the tracking data recorded by the miniature smart tracking tag. Fixed gateways deployed in the habitats of the animals tracked by the miniature smart tracking tag and / or user mobile clients receive the tracking data and upload it to a cloud server. The tracking data includes at least one of the following: the time of data collection by the miniature smart tracking tag and sensor data.

[0037] See Figure 2As shown in the embodiments of this application, a charging detection unit is also connected between the flexible thin-film photovoltaic and the micro thin-film solid-state battery, a battery protection unit is connected between the micro thin-film solid-state battery and the SoC, and an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) is also connected between the SoC and the charging detection unit. The SoC collects charging data through the ADC. For example, the SoC collects charging data from the charging detection unit through the ADC to determine whether the micro thin-film solid-state battery is charging, i.e., whether the supply voltage meets the solar charging conditions. When the micro thin-film solid-state battery supplies power to the Bluetooth communication module, the SoC and a filtering circuit are also connected between the micro thin-film solid-state battery and the Bluetooth communication module. Based on the SoC and the filtering circuit, three levels of protection can be performed: power supply decoupling, signal line impedance matching and edge control, and RF front-end bandpass filtering. This ensures that the digital noise of the SoC does not pollute the Bluetooth RF, and at the same time ensures that external environmental interference does not affect the communication quality.

[0038] See Figure 2 As shown, the miniature smart tracking tag may also include a miniature expansion interface, which supports signal transmission and power supply for extended sensors. This miniature expansion interface can employ I / O... 2 C / UART interface.

[0039] The miniature smart tracking tag also includes sensors, which are electrically connected to the SoC via a miniature expansion interface. The sensors are used to collect sensor data, including at least one of a photosensor, barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, accelerometer, and attitude sensor. The sensor data includes at least one of light intensity, air pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, acceleration, and attitude.

[0040] In some alternative embodiments of this application, at least two of the barometer, thermometer, and hygrometer can be integrated into a single digital sensor.

[0041] For example, a low-power barometric pressure sensor with an operating voltage of 1.71V to 3.6V and integrated temperature acquisition function can be used, with a size of 2.0×2.5×0.95mm.

[0042] For example, a barometric pressure sensor with an operating voltage of 3.3V to 5.5V that integrates temperature, altitude, and humidity acquisition functions.

[0043] In an optional embodiment of this application, the temperature sensor can be integrated next to the Bluetooth communication module, as far away as possible from the flexible thin-film photovoltaic and the micro thin-film solid-state battery, in order to avoid temperature interference.

[0044] See Figure 3As shown, in an optional embodiment of this application, the micro-thin-film solid-state battery on the first surface of the substrate can be integrated into the photovoltaic charging unit, and the Bluetooth communication module can be integrated with the SoC to obtain an ultra-low power Bluetooth SoC. An expansion interface and a battery interface can be provided on the second surface of the substrate, and a flexible thin-film photovoltaic layer covers the second surface of the substrate.

[0045] The biocompatible light-transmitting film of the encapsulation layer can be applied to both sides of the integrated circuit, which integrates the aforementioned photovoltaic charging unit, ultra-low power Bluetooth SoC, expansion interface, and battery interface to obtain a miniature smart tracking tag. The weight of the encapsulated miniature smart tracking tag can be controlled between 0.15g and 0.45g.

[0046] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the altitude of the miniature smart tracking tag can also be determined based on the current air pressure. For every 10 meters increase in altitude, the air pressure decreases by approximately 111 Pa.

[0047] The accelerometer can be a low-power, highly integrated triaxial digital accelerometer with a size of 2×2×0.9mm.

[0048] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the SoC calculates the position of the miniature smart tracking tag based on the acceleration and height.

[0049] For example, the latitude and longitude (x, y) of the micro smart tracking tag at time A is determined based on the gateway location, and the altitude z at time A is formed based on the altitude sequence calculated from the barometer record, thus forming the three-dimensional position (x, y, z) of the micro smart tracking tag.

[0050] For example, if the miniature smart tracking tag and gateway do not integrate altitude recording functionality, the server can estimate the three-dimensional position of the miniature smart tracking tag by combining the gateway location of the miniature smart tracking tag with the air pressure recorded by the barometer. Based on the gateway location, after obtaining the latitude and longitude of time B, the air pressure value at time B is obtained. Using an international standard atmospheric model, the air pressure value is converted into altitude, thus obtaining the three-dimensional position of the miniature smart tracking tag.

[0051] In some optional embodiments of this application, the photosensor can be a digital ambient light sensor, which can be a 6-pin CSP with a package size of 1.2mm × 1.2mm, supporting I / O. 2 C-type connector and power / ground connection.

[0052] The SoC can adjust the broadcast duty cycle of the Bluetooth communication module, or turn on and off other sensors, based on the light intensity information collected by the photosensor. Additionally, the photosensor can be used for geolocation compensation.

[0053] In some optional embodiments of this application, the light sensor is used to collect ambient light intensity information, and the SoC is used to associate the ambient light intensity information with time information to form light change data. When a fixed gateway and / or a user's mobile client deployed in the animal habitat tracked by the miniature smart tracking tag receives the light change data, it sends the light change data to a cloud server. The cloud server identifies light change characteristics based on the light change data, including sunrise time, sunset time, day length, and / or local solar noon time. The cloud server performs a low-precision estimation of the position of the miniature smart tracking tag based on the light change characteristics and a preset solar position model.

[0054] For example, on nights with low light intensity and on rainy or snowy days, turn off all sensors and adjust the Bluetooth communication module's broadcast to a low duty cycle mode. On the other hand, on sunny days with high light intensity, turn on all sensors and adjust the Bluetooth communication module's broadcast to a high duty cycle mode.

[0055] In some optional embodiments, fixed gateways and / or user mobile clients are deployed in the animal habitats tracked by the micro smart tracking tags. The fixed gateways and / or the user's handheld mobile terminal's app deployed in the animal habitats receive tracking data from the Bluetooth communication module of the micro smart tracking tags, record the received Bluetooth broadcast signal strength (RSSI), and send the location data of the fixed gateways and / or the user's mobile client, the RSSI data of the micro smart tracking tags, and the tracking data together to a cloud server. The tracking data includes time and / or sensor data.

[0056] For example, the cloud server can calculate the distance between the miniature smart tracking tag and the fixed gateway and / or the user's mobile client based on the RSSI data, and use a polygon intersection algorithm to calculate the position of the miniature smart tracking tag based on the distance and the position of the fixed gateway and / or the user's mobile client, and if there is noise in the position of the miniature smart tracking tag calculated by the polygon intersection algorithm, the least squares method or other algorithms are used to obtain the position with the smallest error, which is used as the position calculation result of the miniature smart tracking tag, thereby reducing the calculation error.

[0057] For example, the cloud server can also use RSSI and its corresponding distance, reference position and the actual position of the micro smart tracking tag as training set to train the machine learning model, and input the Bluetooth strength, fixed gateway and / or the position of the user's mobile client into the trained machine learning model to obtain the position of the micro smart tracking tag.

[0058] In some alternative embodiments of this application, the miniature smart tracking tag is attached to the surface of the animal to be tracked using bio-adhesive; and / or, The miniature smart tracking tag is attached to the fur and / or feathers of the animal to be tracked via a snap-fit, and / or the miniature smart tracking tag is affixed to the outside of the band on the leg or foot of the animal to be tracked.

[0059] For example, researchers can bend miniature smart tracking tags and attach them to the outside of metal rings on small songbirds (such as Arctic Warblers), or directly attach them to the skin on their backs using bio-adhesive, or clip them onto their feathers. These miniature smart tracking tags are charged by solar energy during the day and broadcast via Bluetooth communication modules. When the small songbird migrates through a city or resupply station, birdwatchers nearby with their mobile clients activated (e.g., mobile apps for receiving Bluetooth signals), or Bluetooth gateways deployed in the forest, will automatically sense the Bluetooth signal and upload their location coordinates. The location coordinates of the user's mobile client or the Bluetooth gateway can then be used as the detection location of the miniature smart tracking tag. Alternatively, the location coordinates can be used as the tag's horizontal position, combined with the altitude detected by the tag's built-in barometer, to obtain the tag's detection location. The detection location of the miniature smart tracking tag, along with the tracking data, is then sent to a cloud server. In this way, by setting up multiple Bluetooth gateways or multiple user mobile clients, bird path sensing and positioning can be achieved.

[0060] The barometer can be a miniature barometer module weighing 0.05g, soldered to a miniature expansion interface.

[0061] If a miniature smart tracking tag is attached to the skin on the back of the animal being tracked using bio-adhesive, its built-in temperature sensor can record the animal's skin temperature. If the miniature smart tracking tag is attached to the fur of the animal being tracked via a clip, and / or affixed to the outside of a band on the animal's legs or feet, its built-in temperature sensor can record the ambient temperature.

[0062] Leg bands can accommodate various inner diameters, such as 4.5 mm, 5.5 mm, 6.3 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, and 11.5 mm, without limitation. An 11.5 mm inner diameter leg band weighs 0.9 g, placing no significant burden on birds of this size. When installing, it should be worn facing outwards to minimize wind resistance and reduce impact on the bird's movement.

[0063] In an optional embodiment of this application, flexible thin-film photovoltaics, micro thin-film solid-state batteries, Bluetooth communication modules, and SoCs can all be integrated on the same side of a flexible circuit board.

[0064] Based on a similar technical approach, this application provides an intelligent tracking system, including: the aforementioned miniature intelligent tracking tag, a fixed gateway and / or a user mobile client, and a cloud server. The fixed gateway and / or user mobile client are deployed in the animal habitats tracked by the miniature smart tracking tags. The miniature smart tracking tag is used to broadcast Bluetooth broadcast signals to transmit tracking data; The fixed gateway and / or user mobile client are used to determine the RSSI strength data of the Bluetooth broadcast signal after receiving the tracking data from the Bluetooth broadcast signal, and upload the tracking data, the Bluetooth broadcast signal strength, and the location data collected by the fixed gateway and / or user mobile client to the cloud server. The cloud server is used to calculate the location of the miniature smart tracking tag based on the RSSI, the location data collected by the fixed gateway and / or the user's mobile client, and the tracking data. The tracking data includes at least one of the following: the time of collection by the micro smart tracking tag and sensor data.

[0065] In the aforementioned system, the miniature smart tracking tag uses flexible thin-film photovoltaics to collect solar energy and uses miniature thin-film solid-state batteries to store the electrical energy converted from solar energy. The electrical energy drives the Bluetooth communication module to broadcast and transmit Bluetooth signals. The flexible thin-film photovoltaic, miniature thin-film solid-state batteries, Bluetooth communication module, and SoC microcircuit are integrated onto a flexible circuit board and encapsulated with a biocompatible light-transmitting film. Since the positioning function is assisted by a fixed gateway and / or user mobile client, and the location calculation function is integrated into a cloud server, the miniature smart tracking tag requires fewer functions and less power. This makes the entire miniature smart tracking tag small, lightweight, and flexible, making it easier to attach to the animal being tracked. While tracking the animal via Bluetooth signals, it avoids interfering with the animal's survival.

[0066] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0067] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A miniature intelligent tracking tag, characterized in that, include: The base layer includes a flexible circuit board; An energy layer, integrated onto the substrate, includes: flexible thin-film photovoltaic cells and micro-thin-film solid-state batteries. A payload layer, electrically connected to the energy layer, includes a system-on-a-chip (SoC) and a Bluetooth communication module. An encapsulation layer, including a biocompatible light-transmitting pressure film, covers the load layer and the energy layer.

2. The miniature intelligent tracking tag according to claim 1, characterized in that, The miniature smart tracking tag is attached to the surface of the animal to be tracked or a predetermined part of its body. Based on its internal flexible circuit board and flexible thin-film photovoltaic structure, it can be bent and deformed to achieve the bending and deformation of the miniature smart tracking tag according to the shape or movement of the attachment position.

3. The miniature intelligent tracking tag according to claim 1, characterized in that, The micro-thin-film solid-state battery adopts a layered structure combining a solid electrolyte with a nano-engineered all-ceramic electrode.

4. The miniature intelligent tracking tag according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible thin-film photovoltaic is electrically connected to the micro thin-film solid-state battery. The flexible thin-film photovoltaic converts solar energy into electrical energy to charge the micro thin-film solid-state battery. The micro thin-film solid-state battery is electrically connected to the SoC to supply power to the SoC. The SoC detects the supply voltage of the micro thin-film solid-state battery. When the power supply voltage meets the conditions for solar charging, the Bluetooth communication module is set to continuous broadcast mode or high duty cycle broadcast mode, wherein the high duty cycle broadcast mode includes turning on the Bluetooth broadcast function for 100 seconds every 120-second cycle. If the power supply voltage does not meet the conditions for solar charging, the Bluetooth communication module is set to a low duty cycle broadcast mode or the Bluetooth broadcast function is turned off. The low duty cycle broadcast mode includes turning on the Bluetooth broadcast function for 10 seconds every 120-second cycle. The continuous broadcast mode, high duty cycle broadcast mode, and low duty cycle broadcast mode all use 2.4 GHz band low-power Bluetooth broadcast.

5. The miniature intelligent tracking tag according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Bluetooth communication module is used to broadcast the tracking data recorded by the micro smart tracking tag, receive the tracking data from a fixed gateway and / or a user mobile client deployed in the habitat of the animal tracked by the micro smart tracking tag, and upload the tracking data to a cloud server. The tracking data includes at least one of the following: the time of collection by the micro smart tracking tag and sensor data.

6. The miniature intelligent tracking tag according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible thin-film photovoltaic cell has a size no greater than 3.3mm × 3.3mm, the open-circuit voltage of a single flexible thin-film photovoltaic cell is 2.5V, the nominal voltage of a single micro thin-film solid-state battery cell is 2.3V, the capacity of the micro thin-film solid-state battery cell is no less than 150μAh, and the size of the micro thin-film solid-state battery cell is no greater than 3.5mm × 5.1mm.

7. The miniature intelligent tracking tag according to claim 1, characterized in that, The payload layer also includes a miniature expansion interface, which is used to support signal transmission and power supply for the extended sensors.

8. The miniature intelligent tracking tag according to claim 7, characterized in that, The miniature smart tracking tag also includes a sensor, which is electrically connected to the SoC through the miniature expansion interface. The sensor is used to collect sensor data, and the sensor includes at least one of a photosensor, barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, accelerometer, and attitude sensor. The sensor data includes at least one of light intensity, air pressure, temperature, humidity, acceleration, and attitude.

9. The miniature intelligent tracking tag according to claim 1, characterized in that, The miniature smart tracking tag is attached to the surface of the animal to be tracked using bio-adhesive; and / or, The miniature smart tracking tag is attached to the fur or feathers of the animal to be tracked via a snap-fit, and / or the miniature smart tracking tag is attached to the outside of the band on the legs and feet of the animal to be tracked.

10. An intelligent tracking system, characterized in that, include: The miniature smart tracking tag, fixed gateway, and / or user mobile client as described in any one of claims 1-9, and the cloud server: The fixed gateway and / or user mobile client are deployed in the animal habitats tracked by the miniature smart tracking tags. The miniature smart tracking tag is used to broadcast Bluetooth broadcast signals to transmit tracking data; The fixed gateway and / or user mobile client are used to determine the RSSI strength data of the Bluetooth broadcast signal after receiving the tracking data from the Bluetooth broadcast signal, and upload the tracking data, the Bluetooth broadcast signal strength, and the location data collected by the fixed gateway and / or user mobile client to the cloud server. The cloud server is used to calculate the location of the miniature smart tracking tag based on the RSSI, the location data collected by the fixed gateway and / or the user's mobile client, and the tracking data. The tracking data includes at least one of the following: the time of collection by the micro smart tracking tag and sensor data.

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