A method for post-spawning recovery care of schizothorax grahami parent fish

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, specifically disclosing a postpartum recovery care method for broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax, comprising the following steps: S1 separate pond management; S2 environmental control; S3 phased medication; S4 feeding; and S5 disease prevention and control. This invention, by constructing a phased care and systematic prevention and control system for broodstock postpartum care, overcomes the limitations of existing technologies that combine disinfection with fixed medicated feed for broad-spectrum, vague control, increasing the 30-day survival rate of broodstock postpartum by at least 10 percentage points. It proactively blocks infection pathways through a stepwise administration of povidone-iodine, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in the first three days postpartum. Targeted treatments are designed for saprolegniasis, external injuries, and parasitic diseases, clearly defining drug incompatibilities and implementing high-frequency observation to avoid drug conflicts. A feeding pattern adapted to the broodstock's gastrointestinal recovery patterns is adopted, integrating dynamic water level adjustments and regular sun exposure to accelerate surface healing and improve physical condition. Later, liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting drugs are added to ensure long-term reproductive capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, specifically a method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax. Background Technology

[0002] Broodstock are the core germplasm resource of the aquaculture industry, and their postpartum health directly determines the continuity of seedling breeding and the efficiency of superior seed selection. With the development of my country's aquaculture industry towards large-scale and intensive farming, artificial spawning induction technology has been widely applied to the reproduction of various freshwater fish. However, postpartum broodstock, due to significant energy expenditure, susceptibility to mechanical damage, and a sharp decline in immunity, are highly susceptible to bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, resulting in persistently high postpartum mortality rates. This has become one of the key bottlenecks restricting the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Particularly for major freshwater aquaculture species such as carp and crucian carp, the annual loss of broodstock due to improper postpartum care accounts for more than 10% of the total broodstock stock, not only increasing farming costs but also seriously affecting the supply of seedlings in the following year.

[0003] Currently, existing postpartum care techniques for broodstock mainly revolve around a combination of disinfection and fixed medicated feed. Typically, the entire pond is disinfected once after spawning, followed by direct feeding of medicated feed containing antibiotics or immune enhancers. Some techniques also incorporate simple water quality control measures. While these methods can reduce the risk of infection in broodstock to some extent, they still have many limitations in practical application and cannot meet the requirements of large-scale aquaculture for broodstock survival rates and long-term reproductive capacity.

[0004] Specifically, the problems with existing technologies lie primarily in their insufficient targeting of disease prevention and control. Postpartum broodstock commonly suffer from saprolegniasis, parasitic diseases, and external injuries, which have different pathogenesis and transmission characteristics. However, current technologies generally employ broad-spectrum disinfectants for vague control, failing to achieve precise targeted treatment. This results in the postpartum broodstock survival rate hovering between 84.4% and 87.4%, making further improvement difficult. Secondly, the scientific basis of medication is lacking. Current technologies lack clear phase divisions and contraindications, making it easy for different drugs to interact, reducing efficacy, or even triggering drug stress reactions. Furthermore, the lack of standardized observation mechanisms during medication makes it difficult to promptly detect and address abnormal conditions in broodstock, potentially causing secondary harm. Thirdly, nutritional supplementation does not conform to the postpartum physiological rhythms of broodstock. Most existing technologies begin feeding medicated feed immediately after spawning. At this time, the broodstock's gastrointestinal function has not yet recovered, not only failing to effectively absorb nutrients but also increasing the burden on the digestive system and delaying the recovery process. Finally, the nursing system is incomplete. Existing technologies mainly focus on short-term disinfection and anti-infection, lacking ecological support and recovery measures, and do not consider the long-term improvement of the broodstock's physical condition. This results in a significant decline in the reproductive capacity of some surviving broodstock the following year, making it impossible to achieve efficient utilization for many consecutive years.

[0005] The root cause of the aforementioned problems lies in the failure to fully understand the phased characteristics of the physiological recovery of broodstock after spawning and the specificity of different diseases, while neglecting the scientific and systematic nature of nursing details. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive postpartum care method for broodstock that combines segmented care and systematic prevention and treatment. This method can improve the short-term survival rate of broodstock after spawning while ensuring their long-term reproductive capacity, thus providing technical support for the healthy development of the aquaculture industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a postpartum recovery and care method for broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax. By constructing a phased care and systematic prevention and treatment system for broodstock postpartum care, it overcomes the limitations of existing technologies that combine disinfection with fixed medicated feed for broad-spectrum but vague prevention and control, increasing the 30-day survival rate of broodstock after spawning by at least 10 percentage points. It proactively blocks infection pathways by administering povidone-iodine, potassium permanganate, and methylene blue in a stepwise manner during the first three days postpartum. It designs multi-level, dedicated treatment plans for saprolegniasis, external injuries, and parasitic diseases to achieve precise targeted treatment. It clarifies drug incompatibilities and implements a high-frequency observation mechanism to avoid drug conflicts and secondary damage. It adopts a feeding pattern adapted to the broodstock's gastrointestinal recovery pattern and integrates ecological measures such as dynamic water level adjustment and regular sunbathing to accelerate surface healing and improve physical condition. Later, it adds hepatoprotective and gallbladder-protecting drugs to ensure long-term reproductive capacity. Furthermore, the operation process is standardized, requires no expensive equipment, and has low care costs. It effectively solves the problem of high postpartum mortality in broodstock and ensures their reproductive performance in the following year, making it suitable for the postpartum care needs of large-scale freshwater fish farming.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax, comprising the following steps: S1 Separate Pond Management: Immediately after spawning, separate the male and female parent fish into separate ponds for initial care. After 30 days of care, transfer the parent fish to different ponds in stages according to their sex and physical recovery. S2 Environmental Control: Adopts dynamic water level adjustment mode, adjusts the fish pond water level according to different operating scenarios, maintains the pond water to be changed 3-5 times a day, keeps the oxygenation equipment running continuously, and covers the fish pond with a protective net. S3 Phased Medication: Based on the time pattern of infection risk in broodstock after spawning, a gradient-progressive medication regimen is adopted; S4 Feeding: Set a postpartum feeding stoppage buffer period, then gradually resume feeding and adjust the medicated feed formula in stages; S5 Disease Prevention and Control: Combined prevention and control programs are developed for common postpartum broodstock diseases such as mechanical damage to the body surface, saprolegniasis, and trichodina / chilodonella infection.

[0008] The basic principle of this technical solution is as follows: This technical solution designs the pond density based on the sex-specific behavioral differences of broodstock after spawning: Male fish recover quickly and are highly active after spawning, so a higher density of 80 fish / 25m² can improve the utilization rate of the breeding space; Female fish experience significant energy depletion after spawning, are weak, and are easily frightened, so a lower density of 40 fish / 25m² can avoid secondary mechanical damage caused by male fish chasing each other. The phased transfer to ponds after 30 days of care is based on the recovery time of the broodstock: Male fish recover quickly, so transferring them to a 75m² pond (150-200 fish / pond) can meet their activity needs; Female fish have a longer recovery period, so transferring them to a large 660m² pond (200 fish / pond) can provide a more stable ecological environment, reduce stress response, and reserve space for secondary gonadal development.

[0009] Dynamic water level adjustment achieves multiple functions by changing the physical parameters of the water body. It maintains a water level of 70cm daily to ensure normal activity space for the parent fish; it lowers the water level to 30cm every afternoon to flush out waste and use the shear force of the water flow to thoroughly remove uneaten food, feces and other organic matter from the bottom of the pond, reducing the breeding environment for pathogenic microorganisms; it lowers the water level to 40cm when administering medication, increasing the concentration of medication in the water by more than 30% without increasing the total amount of medication, ensuring the bactericidal effect while reducing medication costs; and it lowers the water level to 35cm when basking in the sun, which can increase the ultraviolet penetration rate by more than 40%, enhance the natural bactericidal effect and promote the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin of the parent fish, accelerating the healing of wounds on the body surface.

[0010] Based on the temporal evolution of infection risk in broodstock after spawning, the medication sequence was designed. Days 1-3 postpartum are the peak period for acute infection, as the broodstock's wounds are not yet healed and their immunity is at its lowest. A gradient of medications was used: povidone-iodine for mild disinfection, potassium permanganate for powerful sterilization, and methylene blue for prevention against water mold. This gradually eliminated pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi on the body surface, avoiding the severe stress caused by a single high-concentration drug. Days 5 and 9 postpartum are the window period for secondary infection; potassium permanganate disinfection was repeated to consolidate the protective effect. Days 10-30 are the recovery period, during which low-frequency alternating disinfection was used to maintain water quality safety. Simultaneously, the incompatibilities between povidone-iodine and vitamin C and polysaccharides were clearly defined, and based on the principle of redox reactions, simultaneous use of these substances was avoided to prevent efficacy failure.

[0011] Postpartum broodstock experience a slowdown in intestinal peristalsis and a decrease in digestive enzyme activity to less than 30% of normal levels due to intense reproductive activity. Direct feeding can lead to excessive burden on the digestive system, indigestion, and even enteritis. This plan involves completely withholding feed for the first 3 days postpartum to allow the digestive system to rest. Feeding is gradually introduced starting on day 4, initially using hemostatic and antioxidant fish blood extract and vitamin C to repair the intestinal mucosa. From days 5-9, as digestive function recovers, allicin and florfenicol are added for internal antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. From days 10-30, a regimen of medicated feed mixed with hepatoprotective and gallbladder-protective drugs is used every 3 days. This approach ensures adequate nutrition while avoiding the side effects of long-term medication, achieving synergistic effects between external disinfection and internal drug administration, comprehensively enhancing the anti-infection efficacy.

[0012] Customized combination therapies are designed for the pathogenesis of different diseases. For mechanical injuries to the body surface, a combined internal and external treatment is used, combining systemic penicillin injection for anti-infection with local potassium permanganate spray for sterilization, which solves the problem that single surface disinfection cannot prevent systemic infection. Saprolegniasis uses a multi-level prevention and control approach, which involves 3-5% saline hypertonic inhibition of mycelial growth, compound iodine combined with thiofluridine to chemically kill fungi, and rhubarb and scutellaria baicalensis compound to clear heat and detoxify and consolidate the curative effect. This approach breaks through the limitation of high recurrence rate of traditional single thiofluridine treatment for saprolegniasis. Trichodina / Chilodonella infection uses a radical cure approach, which involves rapid insecticidal action with copper and iron compound, deep elimination with anthelmintic powder, and liver-protecting drugs to enhance the body's constitution. By combining chemical insecticidal action with immune enhancement, the risk of parasite drug resistance is effectively reduced.

[0013] Different medications exhibit significant differences in irritation and toxicity. This protocol incorporates differentiated observation frequencies: potassium permanganate, being highly irritating and acting rapidly, is observed every 3 minutes to promptly detect signs of poisoning in broodstock such as surfacing and rolling; povidone-iodine and methylene blue are milder and are observed every 30 minutes. When abnormal reactions are observed in the broodstock, a large-volume water change is immediately performed to reduce the medication concentration. This creates a closed-loop management system of precise medication, real-time monitoring, and rapid emergency response, preventing secondary mortality caused by drug stress and ensuring the safety of the entire care process.

[0014] Furthermore, the parameters for the initial pond division in step S1 are as follows: using an initial standard fish pond, the stocking density of male fish is 80 fish / 25m², and the stocking density of female fish is 40 fish / 25m².

[0015] Furthermore, the parameters for the phased transfer in step S1 are as follows: after 30 days of care, male fish are transferred to a fish pond with an area at least 3 times that of the initial standard fish pond, with a stocking density of 50-66 fish / 25m²; female fish are transferred to a fish pond with an area at least 25 times that of the initial standard fish pond, with a stocking density of 7.5 fish / 25m².

[0016] Furthermore, the dynamic water level adjustment mode described in step S2 is as follows: the water level is maintained at 70cm during normal times; the water level drops to 30cm during the afternoon flushing and sewage discharge; the water level drops to 40cm during the application of chemicals; and the water level drops to 35cm during ecological restoration.

[0017] Furthermore, step S2 also includes ecological restoration measures: for the first 8 days after spawning, allow the parent fish to receive natural sunlight from 10:00 to 17:00 every day, and lower the water level to 35cm.

[0018] Furthermore, the gradient-progressive medication regimen described in step S3 is specifically as follows: Day 1: Sprinkle the entire pond with a final concentration of 0.5 ppm povidone-iodine and let it act for 5 hours, or sprinkle the entire pond with a final concentration of 15 ppm vitamin C and 15 ppm polysaccharide respectively and let it act for 6.5 hours. Observe every 30 minutes. Day 2: Apply potassium permanganate at a final concentration of 0.7 ppm to the entire pond, allowing it to act for 15-30 minutes, and observe every 3 minutes; Day 3: Apply methylene blue to the entire pond at a final concentration of 0.7 ppm, allow it to act for 5 hours, and observe every 30 minutes; On days 5 and 9: Potassium permanganate at a final concentration of 0.7 ppm was sprayed onto the entire pond, and left to act for 15-30 minutes, with observation every 3 minutes. Days 10-30: Disinfect regularly every 10 days by alternating between povidone-iodine (final concentration 0.5 ppm) and potassium permanganate (final concentration 0.7 ppm). Contraindications: On day 1, povidone-iodine should not be used on the same day as vitamin C or polysaccharides.

[0019] Furthermore, the feeding scheme described in step S4 is as follows: The first 3 days postpartum are a buffer period for stopping feeding. Starting on the 4th day, feeding was gradually resumed, using floating pellet feed with a particle size of 3.0mm and a protein content of 36%. Day 4: Feed medicated feed 1, which includes fish blood tonic and vitamins, at a dosage of 1.8-2.2g / kg and 2-3g / kg per kg of fish body weight, respectively; Days 5-9: Feed medicated feed 2, which includes fish blood toxin, allicin and florfenicol, at dosages of 1.8-2.2g / kg, 2.7-3.3g / kg and 1.9-2.2g / kg per kg of fish body weight, respectively; Days 10-30: Feed once at 10:00 and 15:00 daily, and mix medicated feed with feed 2 every 3 days.

[0020] Furthermore, the prevention and treatment plan for mechanical damage to the body surface mentioned in step S5 is as follows: inject the injured broodstock with 5000 units of penicillin per kg body weight via intramuscular injection, and spray the injured area with a potassium permanganate solution with a final concentration of 2 ppm.

[0021] Furthermore, the prevention and control plan for water mold disease mentioned in step S5 is as follows: Isolate the sick fish and soak them in 3-5% saline solution for 5-10 minutes, once a day for 3 consecutive days. Sprinkle the entire pond with compound iodine at a final concentration of 0.3-0.5 ppm, soak for 6 hours, and repeat for 2 consecutive days; Then, the entire pond was sprayed with 0.3-0.5 ppm sulfadiazine and soaked for 6 hours for 2 consecutive days. Finally, the entire pond was sprayed with a mixture of rhubarb at a final concentration of 3 ppm and scutellaria at a final concentration of 1 ppm for 3 consecutive days.

[0022] Furthermore, the prevention and control plan for Trichodina / Chilodonella disease described in step S5 is as follows: Sprinkle copper-iron mixture into the entire pond to a final concentration of 1.2 ppm, soak for 6 hours, repeat for 2 consecutive days, and change a large amount of water after treatment. The mass ratio of copper sulfate to ferrous sulfate in the copper-iron mixture is 5:2. Apply 2.0 ppm of insecticide to the entire pond, soak for 8 hours, and repeat for 2 consecutive days; Feed the broodstock with liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting drugs every 5 days to enhance their resistance to parasites. These drugs include astragalus polysaccharides, immune-boosting herbs, and multivitamins.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) a system-targeted nursing system is constructed to replace the traditional broad-spectrum vague prevention and control. The infection path is blocked in advance by step-by-step medication in the first 3 days after spawning. Multi-level exclusive prevention and control programs are designed for water mold disease, external injury and parasitic disease. The survival rate of parent fish 30 days after spawning is significantly increased from 84.4%~87.4% (mean 86.1%) of the existing technology to 96.6%, an increase of 10.5 percentage points, which greatly reduces the loss of germplasm resources.

[0024] (2) Differentiated treatment strategies are adopted for different causes. External injuries are protected by systemic anti-infection and local sterilization. Saprolegniasis is prevented and treated by physical inhibition, chemical killing and traditional Chinese medicine consolidation. Parasitic diseases are treated by rapid insect killing, deep elimination and immune enhancement. This solves the problems of high recurrence rate and easy drug resistance in the existing single drug treatment.

[0025] (3) Clearly define drug incompatibilities, establish a differentiated high-frequency observation mechanism, and build a closed-loop management system for scientific drug use, real-time monitoring, and rapid emergency flushing to effectively avoid the death of parent fish caused by drug conflicts and stress reactions.

[0026] (4) Based on the gastrointestinal physiological characteristics of broodstock after spawning, a feeding mode of completely stopping feeding for the first 3 days, gradually resuming feeding, and using functional medicated feed in stages is adopted. The gastrointestinal mucosa is repaired first, and then antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatment is carried out in the body. This achieves the time synergy between external disinfection and internal drug administration, and solves the problem that direct feeding in the existing technology increases the burden on the gastrointestinal tract and delays recovery.

[0027] (5) Integrating ecological measures such as dynamic water level adjustment, daily water exchange and oxygenation, and regular sun exposure for the first 8 days after childbirth, natural ultraviolet rays are used to sterilize and promote vitamin D synthesis. No expensive indoor circulating water equipment is required, which can improve the recovery effect and reduce the overall nursing cost by more than 30%.

[0028] (6) Taking into account both short-term recovery and long-term reproductive capacity, this technology breaks through the limitations of existing technologies that only focus on short-term survival. In the later stage of care, liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting health care drugs such as Astragalus polysaccharide are added to repair the function of the broodstock's internal organs, enhance the body's immunity, and increase the broodstock's reproductive rate in the following year, so as to achieve the continuous and efficient utilization of the broodstock for many years.

[0029] (7) The operation process is standardized and adapted to large-scale aquaculture. All steps have clear and quantifiable parameters, which can be implemented without complex professional skills, forming a standardized nursing system that can be replicated and promoted. It is suitable for the large-scale postpartum care needs of major freshwater fish such as carp and crucian carp. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the postpartum recovery care method for broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax in Example 1.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of pool management in Example 1.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of environmental control in Example 1.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the phased medication administration in Example 1.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding scheme in Example 1.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of disease prevention and control in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The specific implementation method is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Example 1 This embodiment is an application scenario of the above-mentioned postpartum recovery and care method for broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax in actual production.

[0038] (1) Postpartum management of broodstock Males and females were separated into different ponds for postpartum recovery management. Approximately 80 males were raised in a 25m² pond, and approximately 40 females in a 25m² pond. The water level was approximately 70cm, and the ponds were covered with netting. Aeration was maintained continuously, and the water intake was kept running to ensure 3-5 water changes per day. Every afternoon, the water level was lowered to approximately 30cm, and the water intake was increased to change the water and flush away bottom sludge.

[0039] (2) Postpartum care of broodstock On the first day postpartum, do not feed the fish. Use mild disinfectants or immune-boosting medications, such as povidone-iodine (0.5 ppm) for 5 hours, or vitamin C and polysaccharide (15 ppm each) for 6.5 hours. Povidone-iodine, vitamin C, and polysaccharide should not be used on the same day. The water depth for both treatments should be 40 cm. Observe the broodstock every 30 minutes during treatment, focusing on their body color and activity. If they show signs of lethargy, abnormal buoyancy, or other abnormalities, immediately flush the water and continue to observe them until their body color and activity return to normal.

[0040] On the second day postpartum, do not feed the animals and use potassium permanganate for sterilization and disinfection. After the water level is lowered to about 40cm, pour potassium permanganate solution into the entire pond and soak for 15-30 minutes at 0.7ppm. Observe the animals every 3 minutes during the treatment period. The observation items and specific operations are the same as on the first day postpartum.

[0041] On the third day postpartum, do not feed the animals and use methylene blue to prevent water mold. After the water level drops to about 40cm, spray the entire pond with methylene blue at 0.7ppm for 5 hours. Observe the animals every 30 minutes during the treatment period, following the same observation procedures as on the second day postpartum.

[0042] On the fourth day postpartum, feed medicated feed, but no medication. After 10 AM when the sunlight is stronger, lower the water level to approximately 35cm, allowing direct sunlight to reach the bodies of the parent fish until 5 PM. During this sunbathing period, carefully observe the activity of each parent fish and check for redness, swelling, fungus, or external injuries on their bodies. Around 8 PM, feed 1.2kg of 3.0g granular floating feed (36% protein Tongwei carp feed), mixed with Fish Blood Nourishing Agent (main ingredient is rhubarb, 2g per kg body weight) and Vitamin C (2.5g per kg body weight); observe the feeding behavior of the parent fish and supplement as needed.

[0043] On the 5th day postpartum, medicated feed was mixed in and potassium permanganate was used for sterilization. The concentration, timing, and procedure for potassium permanganate were the same as on the 2nd day postpartum. Around 8 PM, 3.0 pellet floating feed was fed, mixed with fish blood serum (2g per kg body weight), allicin (3g per kg body weight), and florfenicol (2g per kg body weight), and the feeding behavior of the parent fish was observed.

[0044] On the 6th day postpartum, medicated feed was mixed in, but no medication was administered. From 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM, the parent fish were allowed to bask in the sun; staff observed and checked the activity and body condition of the parent fish. Medicated feed was mixed in as on the 5th day postpartum, and the feeding behavior of the parent fish was observed.

[0045] On the 7th day postpartum, medicated feed was mixed in, and methylene blue was used to prevent water mold. The concentration, timing, and application of methylene blue were the same as on the 3rd day postpartum. Medicated feed was mixed in as on the 5th day postpartum, and the feeding behavior of the parent fish was observed.

[0046] On the 8th day postpartum, medicated feed was mixed in, but no medication was administered. From 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM, the parent fish were allowed to bask in the sun; staff observed and checked the activity and body condition of the parent fish. Medicated feed was mixed in as on the 5th day postpartum, and the feeding behavior of the parent fish was observed.

[0047] On the 9th day postpartum, medicated feed was mixed in and the fish were sterilized with potassium permanganate. The concentration, timing, and procedure for potassium permanganate were the same as on the 2nd day postpartum. The medicated feed was mixed in and fed as on the 5th day postpartum, and the feeding behavior of the parent fish was observed.

[0048] From day 10 to day 30 postpartum, feed normally twice a day, once at 10 am and once at 3 pm. Administer medicated feed once every 3 days, and disinfect with potassium permanganate or povidone-iodine one day after each administration.

[0049] After 30 days of care, the male fish that gave birth were transferred to a 75m² fishpond for regular centralized breeding and management, with about 150-200 fish per pond; the female fish that gave birth were transferred to a 660m² fishpond for regular centralized breeding and management, with about 200 fish per pond.

[0050] (3) Specialized treatment a. Mechanical injury or trauma to the body surface Step 1: Administer medication separately, using intramuscular injection of penicillin at a dose of 5000 units per kilogram.

[0051] Step 2: Apply a high-concentration (2ppm) potassium permanganate solution to the injured area. Wear protective gear during application to avoid direct contact between the solution and skin, and wear goggles.

[0052] b Saprolegniasis Step 1: Isolate diseased fish. Isolate fish suffering from saprolegniasis (white, hair-like or cotton-like mycelium on their body surface) to prevent the spread of the disease. Soak diseased fish in a 3-5% saline solution for 5-10 minutes, once daily for 3 consecutive days. Hypertonic saline solution can inhibit the growth of saprolegnia and promote wound healing.

[0053] Step 2: Apply chemical agents to the entire pond. Lower the water level to 0.4 meters, apply a compound iodine solution (0.3-0.5 ppm) to the entire pond, soak for 6 hours, for 2 consecutive days; then apply a sulfadiazine solution (0.3-0.5 ppm) to the pond at a depth of 0.4 meters, soak for 6 hours, for 2 consecutive days.

[0054] Step 3: Apply traditional Chinese medicine to the entire pond. Apply a mixture of rhubarb (3 ppm) and scutellaria (1 ppm) to the entire pond for 3 consecutive days. This can clear heat and detoxify, and inhibit fungi.

[0055] c. Trichodinae, Chilodonella disease Step 1: Apply a copper-iron compound to kill insects. Prepare a solution of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate in a 5:2 ratio. Lower the water level to 0.4 meters and apply the solution to the entire pond. Soak the pond at 1.2 ppm for 6 hours, repeating for 2 consecutive days. After application, change a large amount of water.

[0056] Step 2: Apply insecticide. Lower the water level to 0.4 meters, apply the solution to the entire pond, and soak for 8 hours at 2.0 ppm for two consecutive days. After application, perform a large water change. Check daily for 5 days after treatment. If parasites such as Trichodina and Chilodonella are still present, apply insecticide in hanging bags.

[0057] Step 3: Enhance the fish's physical condition. Every five days, mix liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting fish medicines into their feed, such as astragalus polysaccharides, immune-boosting herbs, and multivitamins.

[0058] In this experiment, the subjects were 3-4 year old, gonadally developed to stage IV, and robust carp broodstock. The breeding facilities were uniform 25m² cement ponds equipped with independent water inlet and outlet systems and nano-aeration equipment. During the experiment, the water temperature was 18-25℃, the pH value was 7.2-8.0, the dissolved oxygen was ≥6mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was ≤0.2mg / L, and the nitrite was ≤0.05mg / L. The water quality met the requirements of the "Fishery Water Quality Standard" (GB 11607-1989).

[0059] From 2020 to 2023, the industry-standard traditional postpartum care method was adopted (a single application of 1 ppm povidone-iodine for disinfection of the entire pond after spawning, followed by feeding medicated feed containing florfenicol starting on the second day, for 7 consecutive days, with a fixed water depth of 70 cm and full shading). In 2024, the comprehensive care method described in this technical plan was fully adopted. Each year, the broodstock were grouped according to the natural male-to-female ratio after spawning, and the number of broodstock deaths within 30 days postpartum was counted to calculate the survival rate. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0060] Table 1. Comparison of 30-day survival rates of broodstock fish under different nursing methods from 2020 to 2024

[0061] As shown in the table above, from 2020 to 2023, when traditional nursing methods were used, the 30-day survival rate of broodstock was stable between 84.4% and 87.4%, with an average survival rate of 86.1%. In 2024, after adopting the comprehensive nursing method of this invention, the 30-day survival rate of broodstock increased to 96.6%, which is 10.5 percentage points higher than the average level of traditional methods. This proves that this invention can significantly reduce the mortality rate of broodstock after spawning and has outstanding technical effects.

[0062] Example 2 This embodiment is a comparative experimental scenario of pool management and dynamic water level control.

[0063] (1) Experimental subjects Four-year-old male bream were selected, with an average weight of 0.7 ± 0.1 kg for males and 1.1 ± 0.15 kg for females. The experiment was conducted in three parallel groups, each consisting of two 25 m² cement ponds, with different pond densities and water level management methods employed.

[0064] (2) Experimental methods The experimental group followed the method described in this technical scheme: initially, 80 male fish / 25m² and 40 female fish / 25m² were separated into two ponds; dynamic water level management was adopted (70cm for daily use, 30cm for sewage discharge, 40cm for medication, and 35cm for sunbathing); for the first 8 days after spawning, the fish were allowed to sunbathe from 10:00 to 17:00 every day.

[0065] Control group 1 (traditional separate pond): males and females were mixed-species, with a density of 120 fish / 25m²; the water level was fixed at 70cm; and the pond was shaded throughout.

[0066] Control group 2 (single density): males and females were separated into different ponds, with a density of 60 fish / 25m²; the water level was fixed at 70cm; and the ponds were shaded throughout.

[0067] All three groups used the same basic disinfection and feeding program: on the first day after spawning, the entire pond was sprayed with a final concentration of 0.5 ppm povidone-iodine, and basic feed was started on the second day.

[0068] (3) Experimental results The results are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2. Data from the comparative experiment of pool management and dynamic water level control

[0069] The results show that the sex-differentiated pond density and dynamic water level control technology of the present invention can significantly reduce the rate of mutual attack damage between parent fish and the incidence of saprolegniasis, and accelerate the recovery of their physical condition.

[0070] Example 3 This example is a controlled experimental scenario for phased drug administration.

[0071] (1) Experimental subjects Four-year-old male bream were selected, with an average weight of 0.9 ± 0.15 kg for males and 1.3 ± 0.2 kg for females. The experiment was conducted in three parallel groups, each consisting of two 25 m² cement ponds, with different medication regimens administered to each group.

[0072] (2) Experimental methods The experimental group followed a phased medication regimen for this technical solution: medication was administered in stages according to the above regimen, with an observation frequency of 3-30 minutes per instance and emergency flushing measures.

[0073] Control group 1 (single dose): On the first day postpartum, a mixture of povidone-iodine and methylene blue with a final concentration of 1 ppm was applied to the entire pond in a single dose. There was no standard observation mechanism.

[0074] Control group 2 (high concentration of medication): Potassium permanganate with a final concentration of 1.0 ppm was applied to the entire pond on the first day after spawning, and the effect lasted for 30 minutes. There was no standard observation mechanism.

[0075] All three groups use the same pooling, water level, and feeding management.

[0076] (3) Experimental results The results are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3. Data from the phased drug use controlled trial.

[0077] The results show that the phased gradient dosing regimen of the present invention can significantly reduce drug stress response and avoid secondary death while ensuring the bactericidal and disinfection effect.

[0078] Example 4 This example is a control experiment scenario for gastrointestinal-adaptive feeding.

[0079] (1) Experimental subjects Four-year-old male bream of the short-barbel schizothorax species had an average weight of 0.75 ± 0.1 kg and females an average weight of 1.15 ± 0.15 kg. The experiment was conducted in three parallel groups, each consisting of two 25 m² cement ponds, with different feeding protocols used for each group.

[0080] (2) Experimental methods The experimental group followed this feeding protocol: feeding was completely stopped for the first 3 days after spawning; feeding was gradually resumed starting on the 4th day, with fish blood supplements, vitamin C, allicin, florfenicol, and liver-protecting drugs added in stages.

[0081] Control group 1 (immediate feeding): Medicated feed supplemented with florfenicol was started on the second day after birth and continued for 7 days.

[0082] Control group 2 (single medicated feed): feeding was stopped for the first 3 days after delivery, and then medicated feed supplemented with astragalus polysaccharide was continuously fed for 30 days starting from the 4th day.

[0083] All three groups adopted the same pooling, water level, and disinfection management.

[0084] (3) Experimental results

[0085] The results show that the gastrointestinal-adaptive feeding mode of this technical solution can significantly reduce the incidence of postpartum enteritis, improve nutrient absorption efficiency, and accelerate physical recovery.

[0086] In summary, through multiple parallel comparative experiments and specialized verification experiments, the technical effectiveness and practicality of the integrated care system were fully demonstrated. Under large-scale aquaculture conditions, the optimal integrated care implementation achieved an excellent broodstock survival rate of 95.6% on average 30 days postpartum, reduced the incidence of saprolegniasis to 1.7%, and reduced the infection rates of external wounds and parasitic diseases to 0.8%. The average time for broodstock to resume feeding was shortened to 4.2 days, fully demonstrating the reliability of the complete technical solution of this invention in actual production.

Claims

1. A method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Separate Pond Management: Immediately after spawning, separate the male and female parent fish into separate ponds for initial care. After 30 days of care, transfer the parent fish to different ponds in stages according to their sex and physical recovery. S2 Environmental Control: Adopts dynamic water level adjustment mode, adjusts the fish pond water level according to different operating scenarios, maintains the pond water to be changed 3-5 times a day, keeps the oxygenation equipment running continuously, and covers the fish pond with a protective net. S3 Phased Medication: Based on the time pattern of infection risk in broodstock after spawning, a gradient-progressive medication regimen is adopted; S4 Feeding: Set a postpartum feeding stoppage buffer period, then gradually resume feeding and adjust the medicated feed formula in stages; S5 Disease Prevention and Control: Combined prevention and control programs are developed for common postpartum broodstock diseases such as mechanical damage to the body surface, saprolegniasis, and trichodina / chilodonella infection.

2. The method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters for the initial pond division in step S1 are as follows: using the initial standard fish pond, the stocking density of male fish is 80 fish / 25m², and the stocking density of female fish is 40 fish / 25m².

3. The method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters for the phased transfer in step S1 are as follows: After 30 days of care, male fish are transferred to a fish pond with an area at least 3 times that of the initial standard fish pond, with a stocking density of 50-66 fish / 25m²; female fish are transferred to a fish pond with an area at least 25 times that of the initial standard fish pond, with a stocking density of 7.5 fish / 25m².

4. The method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic water level adjustment mode described in step S2 is as follows: the water level is maintained at 70cm during normal times; the water level drops to 30cm during the afternoon flushing and sewage discharge; the water level drops to 40cm during the application of chemicals; and the water level drops to 35cm during ecological restoration.

5. The method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 also includes ecological restoration measures: for the first 8 days after spawning, allow the parent fish to receive natural sunlight from 10:00 to 17:00 every day, and lower the water level to 35cm.

6. The method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gradient-progressive medication regimen described in step S3 is as follows: Day 1: Sprinkle the entire pond with a final concentration of 0.5 ppm povidone-iodine and let it act for 5 hours, or sprinkle the entire pond with a final concentration of 15 ppm vitamin C and 15 ppm polysaccharide respectively and let it act for 6.5 hours. Observe every 30 minutes. Day 2: Apply potassium permanganate at a final concentration of 0.7 ppm to the entire pond, allowing it to act for 15-30 minutes, and observe every 3 minutes; Day 3: Apply methylene blue to the entire pond at a final concentration of 0.7 ppm, allow it to act for 5 hours, and observe every 30 minutes; On days 5 and 9: Potassium permanganate at a final concentration of 0.7 ppm was sprayed onto the entire pond, and left to act for 15-30 minutes, with observation every 3 minutes. Days 10-30: Disinfect regularly every 10 days by alternating between povidone-iodine (final concentration 0.5 ppm) and potassium permanganate (final concentration 0.7 ppm). Contraindications: On day 1, povidone-iodine should not be used on the same day as vitamin C or polysaccharides.

7. The method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding scheme described in step S4 is as follows: The first 3 days postpartum are a buffer period for stopping feeding. Starting on the 4th day, feeding was gradually resumed, using floating pellet feed with a particle size of 3.0mm and a protein content of 36%. Day 4: Feed medicated feed 1, which includes fish blood tonic and vitamins, at a dosage of 1.8-2.2g / kg and 2-3g / kg per kg of fish body weight, respectively; Days 5-9: Feed medicated feed 2, which includes fish blood toxin, allicin and florfenicol, at dosages of 1.8-2.2g / kg, 2.7-3.3g / kg and 1.9-2.2g / kg per kg of fish body weight, respectively; Days 10-30: Feed once at 10:00 and 15:00 daily, and mix medicated feed with feed 2 every 3 days.

8. The method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prevention and treatment plan for mechanical damage to the body surface mentioned in step S5 is as follows: inject the injured broodstock with 5000 units of penicillin per kg body weight intramuscularly, and spray the injured area with a potassium permanganate solution with a final concentration of 2 ppm.

9. The method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prevention and control plan for saprolegniasis described in step S5 is as follows: Isolate the sick fish and soak them in 3-5% saline solution for 5-10 minutes, once a day for 3 consecutive days. Sprinkle the entire pond with compound iodine at a final concentration of 0.3-0.5 ppm, soak for 6 hours, and repeat for 2 consecutive days; Then, the entire pond was sprayed with 0.3-0.5 ppm sulfadiazine and soaked for 6 hours for 2 consecutive days. Finally, the entire pond was sprayed with a mixture of rhubarb at a final concentration of 3 ppm and scutellaria at a final concentration of 1 ppm for 3 consecutive days.

10. The method for postpartum recovery and care of broodstock of the short-barbel schizothorax according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prevention and control plan for Trichodina / Chilodonella disease mentioned in step S5 is as follows: Sprinkle copper-iron mixture into the entire pond to a final concentration of 1.2 ppm, soak for 6 hours, repeat for 2 consecutive days, and change a large amount of water after treatment. The mass ratio of copper sulfate to ferrous sulfate in the copper-iron mixture is 5:

2. Apply 2.0 ppm of insecticide to the entire pond, soak for 8 hours, and repeat for 2 consecutive days; Feed the broodstock with liver-protecting and gallbladder-protecting drugs every 5 days to enhance their resistance to parasites. These drugs include astragalus polysaccharides, immune-boosting herbs, and multivitamins.

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