A composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition and use thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of functional food processing technology, and particularly to a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition and its application. The composition comprises, by weight, the following components: composite dietary fiber and composite polyphenols, in a weight ratio of 5-20:1; wherein the composite dietary fiber includes inulin, polydextrose, xylooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, L-arabinose, and chitosan oligosaccharides, and the composite polyphenols include cane polyphenols, stevia polyphenols, and tea polyphenols; the mass ratio of inulin, polydextrose, xylooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, L-arabinose, and chitosan oligosaccharides is 40-50:20-25:8-12:8-12:5-8:2-5; and the mass ratio of cane polyphenols, stevia polyphenols, and tea polyphenols is 4-8:2-5:1-3. The advantages are: the fiber and polyphenols synergistically enhance each other, enabling multi-target regulation of intestinal flora, glucose and lipid metabolism, and systemic inflammation, significantly increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids, and efficiently repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of functional food processing technology, and in particular to a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem composed of trillions of microorganisms in the gut, playing a central role in maintaining host health. Studies have shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to various chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber and polyphenolic compounds, as important dietary bioactive components, have been extensively studied and proven to exert health-promoting effects by regulating gut microbiota structure, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, and increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

[0003] Dietary fiber refers to carbohydrate polymers that cannot be digested and absorbed by the human small intestine. Based on water solubility, it can be divided into soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). Soluble dietary fibers, such as inulin, polydextrose, xylooligosaccharides (XOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), L-arabinose, and chitosanoligosaccharide (COS), can be selectively fermented and utilized by gut microbiota, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, while simultaneously metabolizing into short-chain fatty acids (mainly acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the core metabolites of dietary fiber fermented by gut microbiota and have multiple physiological functions: butyric acid is the main energy source for colonic epithelial cells, accounting for about 60-70% of their energy requirements, and can enhance the intestinal barrier function by activating tight junction proteins to prevent "leaky gut"; propionic acid is mainly taken up by the liver, participates in gluconeogenesis and inhibits cholesterol synthesis; acetic acid serves as an energy substrate for all tissues and is also one of the substrates for butyric acid synthesis.

[0004] Polyphenols are secondary metabolites widely found in plants, possessing multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In recent years, various plant-derived polyphenols have been approved as new food ingredients by the state. Sugarcane polyphenols are polyphenolic compounds extracted from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), rich in hydroxycinnamic acid (such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid) and flavonoids, exhibiting strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Stevia polyphenols are rich in active ingredients such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin, possessing multiple biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal flora regulation. Tea polyphenols are the general term for polyphenolic substances in tea, with catechins as the main component, and have been extensively studied and proven to have antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, intestinal flora regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects.

[0005] There are existing research reports on the combination of single dietary fiber and single polyphenol, but there are the following shortcomings: (1) It is difficult to achieve comprehensive regulation of different intestinal segments and different bacterial groups by using only a single or a few types of dietary fiber. There are significant differences in the fermentation sites, fermentation rates and selectively utilized bacterial groups of different dietary fibers, and the regulatory spectrum of single dietary fiber is narrow. (2) If only a single or a few types of polyphenol components are used, it is difficult to exert gradient antioxidant and bacterial regulation effects in different regions of the intestine. (3) There is a lack of systematic research and optimized ratio of different dietary fibers and different polyphenols, and the synergistic effect of "dual fermentation" of dietary fiber and polyphenols has not been fully utilized. (4) Existing compound dietary fiber products are mostly based on single functions such as improving constipation and promoting defecation. There is still a lack of comprehensive solutions for multi-target synergistic regulation of metabolic syndrome.

[0006] Therefore, developing a composite composition that can systematically regulate the gut microbiota, significantly promote the production of short-chain fatty acids, effectively reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and synergistically regulate blood glucose and lipid metabolism has significant clinical application value and market prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition and its applications.

[0008] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition, comprising the following components by weight: composite dietary fiber and composite polyphenols, in a weight ratio of 5-20:1. The complex dietary fiber includes inulin, polydextrose, xylooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, L-arabinose, and chitosan oligosaccharides, while the complex polyphenols include cane polyphenols, stevia polyphenols, and tea polyphenols.

[0009] Preferably, the weight ratio of the compound dietary fiber to the compound polyphenols is 8~15:1.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of inulin, polydextrose, xylooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, L-arabinose and chitosan oligosaccharide is 40~50:20~25:8~12:8~12:5~8:2~5; and the mass ratio of sugarcane polyphenols, stevia polyphenols and tea polyphenols is 4~8:2~5:1~3.

[0011] Preferably, the inulin is a long-chain inulin with a degree of polymerization of 10-30; the polydextrose is a polydextrose with a number average molecular weight of 1500-1800; the degree of polymerization of the xylooligosaccharide is 2-7; the degree of polymerization of the galactooligosaccharide is 2-8; the purity of the L-arabinose is not less than 99%; and the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan oligosaccharide is not less than 90%, with a number average molecular weight ≤1000 Da.

[0012] Preferably, the total polyphenol content of sugarcane polyphenols is not less than 20%, of which the chlorogenic acid content is not less than 5%, the caffeic acid content is not less than 1%, and the ferulic acid content is not less than 0.5%; the total polyphenol content of stevia polyphenols is not less than 15%, of which the chlorogenic acid content is not less than 4%, the caffeic acid content is not less than 1%, and the quercetin content is not less than 0.5%; and the total polyphenol content of tea polyphenols is not less than 40%, of which the catechin content is not less than 20%, and the epigallocatechin gallate content is not less than 5%.

[0013] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. The raw materials of the compound dietary fiber are sieved and mixed, and then used as the fluidized bed substrate and fed into the fluidized bed; S2. Dissolve the raw materials of the compound polyphenol in water to prepare a polyphenol spray solution; the ratio of the raw materials of the compound polyphenol to the water is 1:5~10. S3. Polyphenol spray liquid is sprayed onto the surface of the fiber substrate by fluidized bed spray granulation; S4. Dry at 40~50°C to uniformly load polyphenols onto the surface of dietary fiber particles, thus obtaining a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition.

[0014] Preferably, the parameters for spray granulation in step S3 are: inlet air temperature 60~80°C, atomization pressure 0.15~0.25MPa, and spraying speed 5~10mL / min.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the raw materials are passed through a 60-100 mesh sieve, the mixing speed is 15-30 rpm, and the mixing time is 10-20 min. The dissolution method in step S2 is stirring dissolution, and the dissolution temperature is 40~50°C.

[0016] A third objective of this invention is to provide the application of a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition in the preparation of food or pharmaceuticals with at least one of the following functions: (1) Regulate the balance of intestinal microecology; (2) Inhibits intestinal inflammation; (3) Lowering blood glucose and / or improving insulin resistance; (4) Reduce serum cholesterol and / or triglyceride levels.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: (1) Synergistically regulate the balance of intestinal microecology, promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Rochetomyces, and Faecalibacterium, while inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria; (2) Increase the production level of short-chain fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid) in the intestine; (3) Reduce serum and intestinal tissue inflammatory factors (TNF-α) α IL-6, IL-1 β (etc.) level; (4) Synergistically lowers postprandial blood glucose and fasting blood glucose, and improves insulin resistance; (5) Regulate lipid metabolism and reduce serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the weight changes of mice in each group according to embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a graph showing the results of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin testing in mice according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a graph of the mouse insulin tolerance test according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a graph showing the results of serum lipid index detection in mice according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a graph showing the detection results of mouse serum inflammatory factors according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a pathological section of mouse colon tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a bar chart of quantitative scoring of colonic pathology indicators according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a box plot of gut microbiota α-diversity according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9This is a stacked bar chart of the relative abundance of gut microbiota at the phylum level according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a stacked bar chart of the relative abundance of gut microbiota at the genus level according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a graph showing the detection of short-chain fatty acid content in mouse feces according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a graph showing the expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in mouse liver according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a graph showing the expression of short-chain fatty acid receptor genes in the mouse colon according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] In the following description, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description below, the same modules are denoted by the same reference numerals. Where the same reference numerals are used, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, their detailed description will not be repeated.

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0021] This invention provides a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition, comprising multiple water-soluble dietary fibers and multiple plant-derived polyphenols, including the following components by weight: composite dietary fiber and composite polyphenols, with a weight ratio of 5~20:1; the components and weight ratios of the composite dietary fiber are as follows: the mass ratio of inulin, polydextrose, xylooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, L-arabinose and chitosan oligosaccharide is 40~50:20~25:8~12:8~12:5~8:2~5; the components and weight ratios of the composite polyphenols are as follows: the mass ratio of sugarcane polyphenols, stevia polyphenols and tea polyphenols is 4~8:2~5:1~3; Specifically, the inulin is a long-chain inulin with a degree of polymerization of 10-30; the polydextrose is a polydextrose with a number average molecular weight of 1500-1800; the degree of polymerization of xylooligosaccharides is 2-7; the degree of polymerization of galactooligosaccharides is 2-8; the purity of L-arabinose is not less than 99%; and the degree of deacetylation of chitosan oligosaccharides is not less than 90%, with a number average molecular weight ≤1000 Da. The total polyphenol content of sugarcane polyphenols shall not be less than 20% (calculated as gallic acid equivalent, GAE), of which chlorogenic acid content shall not be less than 5%, caffeic acid content shall not be less than 1%, and ferulic acid content shall not be less than 0.5%; the total polyphenol content of stevia polyphenols shall not be less than 15% (GAE), of which chlorogenic acid content shall not be less than 4%, caffeic acid content shall not be less than 1%, and quercetin content shall not be less than 0.5%; the total polyphenol content of tea polyphenols shall not be less than 40% (GAE), of which catechin content shall not be less than 20%, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) content shall not be less than 5%. Preferably, the weight ratio of compound dietary fiber to compound polyphenols is 8~15:1; In some embodiments, the weight ratio of compound dietary fiber to compound polyphenols is 10:1; the compound dietary fiber includes 45 parts inulin, 22 parts polydextrose, 10 parts xylooligosaccharide, 10 parts galactooligosaccharide, 8 parts L-arabinose, and 5 parts chitosan oligosaccharide; the compound polyphenols include 5 parts sugarcane polyphenols, 3 parts stevia polyphenols, and 2 parts tea polyphenols.

[0022] The preparation method of the above-mentioned composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition includes the following steps: S1. The raw materials of the compound dietary fiber are sieved and mixed, and then used as the fluidized bed substrate and fed into the fluidized bed; Specifically, the raw materials are passed through a 60-100 mesh sieve, the mixing speed is 15-30 rpm, and the mixing time is 10-20 min; S2. Dissolve the raw materials of the compound polyphenols in water to prepare a polyphenol spray solution; Specifically, the water is purified water, the ratio of the raw material of the compound polyphenol to the water is 1:5~10, the dissolution method is stirring, and the dissolution temperature is 40~50°C; S3. Polyphenol spray liquid is sprayed onto the surface of the fiber substrate by fluidized bed spray granulation; Specifically, the inlet air temperature is set to 60~80°C, the atomization pressure to 0.15~0.25MPa, and the spraying speed to 5~10mL / min; S4. Hot air drying to uniformly load polyphenols onto the surface of dietary fiber particles, resulting in a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition, namely dietary fiber-polyphenol composite particles. Specifically, the drying temperature is 40~50°C, and the particles are dried until the moisture content is ≤5%, and then granulated by passing them through a 40-mesh sieve. The above process allows polyphenols to be uniformly dispersed in the dietary fiber matrix in the form of fine particles, avoiding the problem of polyphenol aggregation caused by direct physical mixing. At the same time, polyphenols can be gradually released in the intestine as the dietary fiber dissolves, resulting in a sustained-release effect.

[0023] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition in the preparation of food or pharmaceuticals with at least one of the following functions: (1) Synergistically regulate the balance of intestinal microecology, promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria; (2) Promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine; (3) Reduce the level of inflammatory factors; (4) Lowering blood glucose and / or improving insulin resistance; (5) Regulate lipid metabolism and reduce serum cholesterol and / or triglyceride levels; Specifically, the dosage forms of food or medicine are powders, granules, tablets, capsules, oral liquids, solid beverages, or gummies.

[0024] Example 1: This embodiment provides a composite dietary fiber and composite polyphenol composition, wherein the weight ratio of the composite dietary fiber to the composite polyphenol is 10:1; the composition comprises the following components by weight: 45 parts inulin, 22 parts polydextrose, 10 parts xylooligosaccharide, 10 parts galactooligosaccharide, 8 parts L-arabinose, 5 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 5 parts cane polyphenols, 3 parts stevia polyphenols, and 2 parts tea polyphenols; the preparation method includes: S1. Pass inulin, polydextrose, xylooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, L-arabinose, and chitosan oligosaccharide through an 80-mesh sieve, add them to a three-dimensional mixer and mix at 20 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain complex dietary fiber; S2. Add sugarcane polyphenols, stevia polyphenols, and tea polyphenols to purified water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:5 to 1:10, and stir at 40 to 50°C until completely dissolved to obtain a polyphenol spray solution. S3. Add the composite dietary fiber into a fluidized bed granulator, set the inlet air temperature to 60~80°C, the atomization pressure to 0.15~0.25MPa, and the spraying speed to 5~10mL / min, spray the polyphenol spray liquid onto the surface of the fiber substrate, and perform spray granulation to prepare dietary fiber-polyphenol composite particles. S4. Dry the obtained composite particles at 40~50°C until the moisture content is ≤5%, sieve through a 40-mesh sieve to form particles, and package them in aluminum foil composite bags, 8g per bag, and seal them for storage.

[0025] Example 2: This embodiment provides a composite dietary fiber and composite polyphenol composition, with a weight ratio of 15:1 for the composite dietary fiber and composite polyphenols; the composition includes the following components by weight: 45 parts inulin, 22 parts polydextrose, 10 parts xylooligosaccharide, 10 parts galactooligosaccharide, 8 parts L-arabinose, 5 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 3 parts sugarcane polyphenols, 1.8 parts stevia polyphenols, and 1.2 parts tea polyphenols; the preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0026] Example 3: This embodiment provides a composite dietary fiber and composite polyphenol composition, with a weight ratio of 5:1 between the composite dietary fiber and the composite polyphenol; the composition includes the following components by weight: 45 parts inulin, 22 parts polydextrose, 10 parts xylooligosaccharide, 10 parts galactooligosaccharide, 8 parts L-arabinose, 5 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 9 parts sugarcane polyphenol, 5.4 parts stevia polyphenol, and 3.6 parts tea polyphenol; the preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0027] Example 4: This embodiment provides a composite dietary fiber and composite polyphenol composition, with a weight ratio of 8:1 between the composite dietary fiber and the composite polyphenol; the composition includes the following components by weight: 50 parts inulin, 25 parts polydextrose, 8 parts xylooligosaccharide, 8 parts galactooligosaccharide, 5 parts L-arabinose, 4 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 4 parts cane polyphenols, 3 parts stevia polyphenols, and 1 part tea polyphenols; the preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0028] Example 5: This embodiment provides an animal model validation experiment and its results, as detailed below: I. Experimental Design Sixty male C57BL / 6J mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with an intervention period of 13 weeks. In week 6, the high-fat group was intraperitoneally injected with STZ to establish a hyperglycemic model.

[0029] Group setup: Normal control group (normal diet), model control group (high-fat diet + STZ), positive control group (high-fat diet + STZ + metformin 250 mg / kg / d), compound dietary fiber group (CDF group, high-fat diet + STZ + dietary fiber component from Example 1, dosage based on dietary fiber portion), compound polyphenol group (CP group, high-fat diet + STZ + polyphenol component from Example 1, dosage based on polyphenol portion), compound dietary fiber and polyphenol group (CDFP group, i.e., the complete formula from Example 1). CDF group formula: inulin 45 parts, polydextrose 22 parts, xylooligosaccharide 10 parts, galactooligosaccharide 10 parts, L-arabinose 8 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 5 parts. CP group formula: sugarcane polyphenols 5 parts, stevia polyphenols 3 parts, tea polyphenols 2 parts. All test substances were freshly prepared daily and dissolved in sterile drinking water for mice to ingest freely; all doses were converted according to the human and mouse body surface area conversion factor and administered via drinking water.

[0030] Before the end of the intervention period, mice in each group were fasted overnight for 12 hours, and their body weight was recorded (see results below). Figure 1 The following day, peripheral blood was collected from the tail vein for the detection of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood lipids, and inflammatory factors. After blood collection, the mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and colon contents (feces) were collected under aseptic conditions for short-chain fatty acid and 16S bacterial sequencing. Colon tissue was isolated and fixed for HE pathological sections. Liver tissue was isolated and cryopreserved for qPCR detection of glycolipid pathway genes.

[0031] Statistical analysis: All experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (Mean ± SD). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPadPrism 9.0 software. One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons among multiple groups, and Tukey's multiple comparison test was used for pairwise comparisons between groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.0001).

[0032] II. Experimental Results (a) Fasting blood glucose (end of week 13): The fasting blood glucose in Example 1 group was 14.86±2.30 mmol / L, a decrease of 19.36% compared to the model group's 18.42±1.55 mmol / L. P <0.05), significantly better than the compound dietary fiber group. Results for fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin tolerance are shown in [see table below]. Figure 2 , Figure 3 .

[0033] (II) Blood lipid levels: Compared with the model group, TC decreased by 11.95% (P<0.0001), and TG decreased by 35.09% ( P <0.0001), LDL-C decreased by 50.33% ( P <0.05), HDL-C decreased by 23.50% ( P <0.01). Results are shown below. Figure 4 .

[0034] (III) Tissue inflammatory factor levels: Compared with the model group, TNF-α decreased by 41.25%, IL-6 decreased by 53.17%, IL-1β decreased by 50.12%, and IL-10 increased by 179.36% (all... P <0.0001). See results below. Figure 5 .

[0035] (IV) Colonic histopathological results: Colonic tissue was taken, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Histopathological changes were observed under a light microscope, and the integrity of colonic crypt structure, the number of goblet cells, and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration were scored (scoring criteria: 0-3 points, 0 for normal, 1 for mild abnormality, 2 for moderate abnormality, and 3 for severe abnormality). See microscopic sections. Figure 6 Pathological quantitative scoring can be found in Figure 7 .

[0036] 1. Recess structure integrity score: The retinal structure integrity score in the normal control group was 2.8±0.2 points, while that in the model control group was significantly reduced to 1.0±0.3 points. P <0.0001). Compared with the model group, the positive control group scored 1.8±0.2 points ( P <0.0001), the score of the complex dietary fiber group was 1.6±0.2 points ( P <0.01), the score of the compound polyphenol group was 2.2±0.2 points ( P <0.0001, the score of the complex dietary fiber and polyphenol group was 2.6±0.2 points ( P <0.0001, significantly better than each individual group ( P <0.01), close to the level of the normal control group.

[0037] 2. Goblet cell count score: The goblet cell count score in the normal control group was 2.8±0.2 points, while it was significantly reduced to 0.6±0.3 points in the model control group. P <0.0001). Compared with the model group, the positive control group scored 1.6±0.4 points ( P <0.0001), the score of the complex dietary fiber group was 1.2±0.3 points ( P <0.05, the score of the compound polyphenol group was 1.8±0.3 points ( P <0.0001, the score of the complex dietary fiber and polyphenol group was 2.5±0.3 points ( P <0.0001, significantly better than each individual group ( P <0.05), the recovery effect is the best.

[0038] 3. Inflammatory cell infiltration score: The inflammatory cell infiltration score in the normal control group was 0.2±0.1 points, while it was significantly increased to 2.8±0.2 points in the model control group. P <0.0001). Compared with the model group, the positive control group scored 1.4±0.3 points ( P <0.0001, the score of the compound dietary fiber group was 1.8±0.4 points ( P <0.0001), the score of the compound polyphenol group was 1.2±0.3 points ( P <0.0001, the score of the complex dietary fiber and polyphenol group was 0.6±0.3 points ( P <0.0001, significantly lower than each individual group ( P <0.05%, the anti-inflammatory effect is most significant.

[0039] Morphological observation showed that the normal control group had an intact colonic mucosal structure, neatly arranged crypts, abundant goblet cells, and no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. The model control group showed severe damage to the colonic mucosal structure, with disordered and reduced crypt structure, significant loss of goblet cells, and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. The positive control group showed improvement compared to the model group, but some crypt structural damage and inflammatory cell infiltration were still visible. Both the composite fiber group and the composite polyphenol group showed improvement compared to the model group, with partial recovery of crypt structure, an increase in the number of goblet cells, and a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration. The composite dietary fiber and polyphenol group showed the most significant recovery of colonic mucosal structure, with neatly arranged crypts, a goblet cell count close to normal levels, and the least inflammatory cell infiltration.

[0040] The above results indicate that the composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition of this invention can significantly improve colonic tissue pathological damage, restore crypt structure integrity, promote goblet cell proliferation, and significantly inhibit inflammatory cell infiltration. The synergistic effect of the composite dietary fiber and polyphenols is superior to that of the single dietary fiber group or the single polyphenol group, indicating that the two have a significant synergistic effect in protecting intestinal barrier function.

[0041] (V) Results of α-diversity of gut microbiota: α-diversity mainly reflects the richness and evenness within the gut microbiota community and is an important indicator for evaluating the stability of the microecology. The Shannon index was used to assess community evenness, and the Chao1 index was used to assess species richness.

[0042] The Shannon index in the normal control group was generally high and concentrated, indicating that the gut microbiota structure of normal mice was stable and the distribution of the microbiota was balanced. Compared with the normal control group, there was no significant difference in the median and distribution range of the Shannon index in the model control group, indicating that the model control group did not significantly reduce the overall evenness of the microbiota during this experimental period. This suggests that the effect of the model on microbiota α-diversity is mainly reflected in changes in community structure, rather than a simple decrease in diversity.

[0043] After intervention, the Shannon index of the composite fiber and polyphenol group was significantly higher than that of the composite fiber group. P The interquartile range (IQR) was <0.05, indicating a narrow interquartile range (IQR), suggesting that synergistic intervention can improve the stability of the microbial community distribution while maintaining α-diversity. In contrast, the composite fiber group altered the microbial community composition, showing greater intra-group dispersion, indicating that some microbial communities were over-enriched, reducing community stability. Both the positive control group and the composite fiber group showed some degree of fluctuation, indicating differences in their effects on improving microbial community homeostasis.

[0044] The Chao1 index results were largely consistent with the Shannon index trend. There was no significant difference in species richness between the model control group and the normal control group, indicating that the number of bacterial species did not decrease significantly after the model was established, but the internal structure of the community had shifted. The Chao1 index distribution in the composite fiber and polyphenol group was more concentrated, which could optimize community composition without reducing species richness. Although the composite polyphenol group also showed some improvement, its overall distribution range was slightly larger than that of the composite fiber and polyphenol group, and its regulatory effect on community stability was relatively limited. The composite fiber group had low species richness and large individual differences, which was insufficient to maintain a stable community balance.

[0045] After intervention, the median Chao1 index in the composite fiber and polyphenol group was close to that in the normal control group and the model control group, with a narrower and more concentrated IQR, indicating that synergistic intervention could maintain stable microbial species richness. The distribution range in the composite polyphenol group was slightly wider than that in the composite fiber and polyphenol group. The positive control group had a very high IQR, showing a significantly low value, indicating that the positive control group led to a decrease in microbial richness in some individuals. The median in the composite fiber group was slightly lower, with a wider IQR, relatively lower species richness, and greater individual differences. Results are shown below. Figure 8 .

[0046] (vi) Relative abundance of gut microbiota at the phylum level in mice: The gut microbiota is mainly composed of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobiota, which together account for more than 95% and form the main framework of microbiota variation. At the same time, small amounts of Actinobacteriota, Desulfobacterota, and Proteobacteria were also observed. The differences between groups were mainly concentrated in the relative abundance distribution of the dominant phyla.

[0047] In the normal control group, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes maintained a relatively stable balance, reflecting the high structural stability of the gut microbiota at the phylum level. In the model control group, the proportion of Firmicutes decreased while the proportion of Bacteroidetes increased, leading to a decrease in the F / B ratio. Previous studies have shown that a decreased F / B ratio is often closely related to metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and chronic inflammation. This change indicates that hyperglycemia can cause phylum-level microbiota imbalance. After intervention, the composite fiber and polyphenol group showed the most significant improvement, with the community structure approaching that of the normal control group. The results showed that the intervention of the composite fiber and polyphenol group increased the proportion of the core dominant phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, enhancing their dominance in the gut and alleviating the hyperglycemia-induced phylum-level microbiota imbalance. In the composite fiber group, Verrucous microbes significantly increased, indicating that dietary fiber alone may have a strong selective promoting effect on specific mucin-degrading bacteria, but this single amplification did not lead to the restoration of overall microbiota balance. The polyphenol group improved phylum-level imbalance, but its overall effect was not as good as that of the composite fiber and polyphenol group. The positive control group showed a certain regulatory trend, but its effect on restoring overall community balance was not as significant as that of the composite fiber and polyphenol group. These results indicate that the synergistic intervention of composite fiber and polyphenol can effectively restore phylum-level microbial balance, increase the F / B ratio, and bring the community structure closer to a normal state. (See results below) Figure 9 .

[0048] (vii) Relative abundance of gut microbiota at the genus level in mice: Changes in genus-level microbiota are closely related to host metabolic phenotypes and are an important basis for explaining changes in intestinal function. Significant differences were observed in the gut microbiota at the genus level among the different groups of mice. The core differentially expressed genera mainly included Akkermansia (…). Akkermansia Bacteroides ( Bacteroides ), Isprevotella spp. Alloprevotella ), genus *Alternaria* ( Alistipes Lactobacillus ( ) Lactobacillus ) and related flora of the Lachnospiraceae family.

[0049] In the normal control group, the distribution of bacterial genera was relatively balanced. Akkermansia The abundance remained at a low level, indicating that mucin-degrading bacteria were not dominant in the gut of healthy mice. In the model control group, Akkermansia The abundance increased significantly, and Lachnospiraceae and the genus *Lachnospiraceae* also increased. Oscillibacter Short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia ( ) decreased. Although Akermansia muciniphila ( Akkermansia muciniphila While often considered a potential probiotic, excessive accumulation of mucin in the context of hyperglycemia and inflammation can lead to excessive consumption of mucin, weakening the intestinal mucosal barrier and exacerbating intestinal dysfunction.

[0050] The composite fiber group exhibited a single promoting effect. Akkermansia The near-dominant bacterial genus indicates that high doses of dietary fiber may exert strong selective pressure on mucin-utilizing bacteria. This change in the bacterial community reflects the effective utilization of dietary fiber, but it also leads to the crowding out of other functional bacterial genera, reducing community functional diversity and hindering the maintenance of long-term homeostasis. In contrast, the complex fiber and polyphenol group effectively inhibited... Akkermansia Excessive expansion, while significantly enriched Bacteroides , Alloprevotella , Alistipes Lactobacillus ridis ( Ligilactobacillus Functional bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae make the community structure more conducive to coping with the pathological symptoms of hyperglycemia.

[0051] in, Bacteroides, Alistipes and Alloprevotella It is an important genus of bacteria involved in polysaccharide degradation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and can improve insulin sensitivity by producing metabolites such as acetic acid and propionic acid. Lachnospiraceae and Oscillibacter These are typical butyric acid-producing bacteria, capable of maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and inhibiting inflammatory responses. The enrichment of these functional bacteria by the composite fiber and polyphenol group indicates that their function is not simply to promote the growth of a particular genus, but rather to restore metabolic balance by optimizing the functional flora through multiple targets. Results are shown below. Figure 10 .

[0052] (viii) Fecal short-chain fatty acid levels: see Figure 11 In Example 1, the total SCFAs were 1.5538±0.9793 mg / g, which was 133.62% higher than that of the compound dietary fiber CDF group (0.6651±0.4091 mg / g). Among them, the acetic acid content increased by 128.91%, the propionic acid content increased by 77.07%, and the butyric acid content increased by 186.47%.

[0053] Compared with the normal control group, the acetic acid content in the feces of mice in the model control group was significantly reduced ( P The value <0.05 indicates that the acetic acid synthesis capacity of gut microbiota is inhibited under hyperglycemic conditions. After intervention, the acetic acid content in the compound fiber and polyphenol group significantly rebounded, although it did not fully recover to normal levels, but it was significantly improved compared with the model control group; the acetic acid content in the compound polyphenol group also increased to a certain extent, while the changes in the positive control group and the compound fiber group were relatively limited, and no statistically significant differences were observed. The above results indicate that the compound fiber and polyphenol group is more conducive to restoring the acetic acid production capacity of gut microbiota.

[0054] The butyric acid content fluctuated relatively little across the groups. The model control group showed a decreasing trend compared to the normal control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The butyric acid content in the compound polyphenol group was relatively high, indicating that compound polyphenols had a good promoting effect on some butyric acid-producing bacteria. In contrast, although the butyric acid level in the compound fiber and polyphenol group showed an increasing trend, it was not statistically significant compared to the model control group, indicating that the promoting effect of compound fiber and polyphenols on butyric acid metabolism under the experimental period and dosage conditions was not fully realized. The butyric acid levels in the compound fiber group and the positive control group were relatively low, indicating that the compound fiber or the positive control group had limited effect on improving butyric acid production.

[0055] The changes in propionic acid were the most significant. The propionic acid content in the model control group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group, indicating that the hyperglycemic model inhibited the bacterial flora's ability to produce propionic acid. The propionic acid content in the composite fiber and polyphenol group was significantly increased (…). P <0.05), which can effectively promote the production of propionic acid. Although the positive control group, the composite fiber group, and the composite polyphenol group showed an increasing trend, the differences compared with the model control group were not statistically significant. Among the three major short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the composite fiber and polyphenol groups had the most obvious effect on increasing propionic acid.

[0056] The above results indicate that the hyperglycemic model primarily impaired the production of acetic acid and propionic acid, while the composite fiber and polyphenol group showed a significant recovery effect, reflected in a significant increase in propionic acid levels and a rebound in acetic acid levels. This result is consistent with changes in the gut microbiota; the composite fiber and polyphenol group showed an increase in Bacteroides species associated with acetic acid and propionic acid production, such as *Isprevorus*. Alloprevotella ), Parabacteroides ( Parabacteroides Significant enrichment of bacteria such as *Bretschneidera sinensis* and *Bretschneidera sinensis* indicates that improved gut microbiota structure is the source of SCFAs recovery. [yz2.1] Synergistic intervention of compound dietary fiber and polyphenols promoted the return of butyric acid-producing bacteria in some Firmicutes, such as *Bretschneidera sinensis*. Blautia ), Butyric acid cocci ( Butyricicoccus While other substances were observed, but butyrate levels did not increase significantly, indicating that it was related to intervention time, the degree of gut microbiota function recovery, or substrate utilization. Considering that propionic acid can inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and participate in glucose homeostasis regulation through receptors such as GPR43, the increased propionic acid levels caused by the complex fiber and polyphenol group are the metabolic basis for the synergistic hypoglycemic effect.

[0057] (ix) Expression of genes related to liver glucose and lipid metabolism: To evaluate the regulatory effect of the composition of the present invention on the liver insulin signaling pathway, the mRNA expression levels of AKT, PI3K, IR-β, IRS-1, GSK-3β, FoxO1, PEPCK, G6Pase and GLUT4 in the liver tissue of mice in each group were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Figure 12The results showed that, compared with the normal control group, the expression levels of IRS-1 and GSK-3β mRNA in the model control group were significantly reduced. P <0.01). After intervention with the composite fiber and polyphenol group, the expression levels of IRS-1 and GSK-3β mRNA were significantly increased compared with the model control group. P <0.05, indicating that the composite fiber and polyphenol group can effectively restore the expression of molecules at key nodes in the insulin signaling pathway. Regarding gluconeogenesis-related genes, the expression level of G6 PasemRNA in the model control group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group ( P <0.01), after intervention in the compound fiber and polyphenol group, the expression level of G6Pase mRNA was significantly lower than that in the model control group. P <0.01 indicates that the synergistic intervention of compound fiber and polyphenols can effectively inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis. Regarding glucose transporters, the expression level of GLUT4 mRNA in the model control group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group ( P <0.001. After intervention, the expression levels of GLUT4 mRNA in the positive control group, composite fiber group, composite polyphenol group, and composite fiber and polyphenol group were significantly higher than those in the model control group. P <0.01 or P <0.05), where the GLUT4 mRNA expression level in the composite fiber and polyphenol group recovered to levels close to those of the normal control group. No significant differences were observed in the expression levels of AKT, PI3K, IR-β, and FoxO1 mRNA among the groups, indicating that the expression changes of these genes under the experimental conditions were not statistically significant.

[0058] (x) Expression of colonic short-chain fatty acid receptor genes: To evaluate the effect of the composition of the present invention on the intestinal short-chain fatty acid receptor signaling pathway, the mRNA expression levels of GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109A in the colon tissue of mice in each group were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Figure 13 The results showed that, compared with the normal control group, the expression level of GPR41 mRNA in the model control group was significantly reduced ( P <0.001). After intervention with the composite fiber and polyphenol group, the expression level of GPR41 mRNA was significantly higher than that of the model control group ( P <0.05, indicating that the synergistic intervention of composite fiber and polyphenols can effectively restore the expression of GPR41 receptor. Regarding GPR43, the GPR43 mRNA expression level in the model control group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group ( P <0.01. After intervention in the positive control group, the expression level of GPR43 mRNA was significantly higher than that in the model control group ( P<0.01, recovering to levels close to the normal control group; the GPR43 mRNA expression level in the composite fiber and polyphenol group was significantly higher than that in the model control group ( P <0.05. The expression level of GPR43 mRNA in the composite fiber group showed an increasing trend compared to the model control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Regarding GPR109A, the expression level of GPR109A mRNA in the model control group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (…). P <0.001). After intervention, the expression levels of GPR109A mRNA in the positive control group and the compound fiber and polyphenol group were significantly lower than those in the model control group. P <0.01).

[0059] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this invention disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0060] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition, characterized by: The product comprises the following components by weight: complex dietary fiber and complex polyphenols, in a weight ratio of 5~20:1; The complex dietary fiber includes inulin, polydextrose, xylooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, L-arabinose, and chitosan oligosaccharides, while the complex polyphenols include cane polyphenols, stevia polyphenols, and tea polyphenols.

2. The composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the compound dietary fiber to the compound polyphenols is 8~15:

1.

3. The composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of inulin, polydextrose, xylooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, L-arabinose and chitosan oligosaccharide is 40~50:20~25:8~12:8~12:5~8:2~5; the mass ratio of sugarcane polyphenols, stevia polyphenols and tea polyphenols is 4~8:2~5:1~3.

4. The composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inulin is a long-chain inulin with a degree of polymerization of 10-30; the polydextrose is a polydextrose with a number average molecular weight of 1500-1800; the xylooligosaccharide has a degree of polymerization of 2-7; the galactooligosaccharide has a degree of polymerization of 2-8; the L-arabinose has a purity of not less than 99%; and the chitosan oligosaccharide has a degree of deacetylation of not less than 90% and a number average molecular weight ≤1000 Da.

5. The composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition according to claim 3, characterized in that: The total polyphenol content of the sugarcane polyphenols is not less than 20%, of which the chlorogenic acid content is not less than 5%, the caffeic acid content is not less than 1%, and the ferulic acid content is not less than 0.5%; the total polyphenol content of the stevia polyphenols is not less than 15%, of which the chlorogenic acid content is not less than 4%, the caffeic acid content is not less than 1%, and the quercetin content is not less than 0.5%; the total polyphenol content of the tea polyphenols is not less than 40%, of which the catechin content is not less than 20%, and the epigallocatechin gallate content is not less than 5%.

6. A method for preparing a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition, used to prepare the composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition of claim 1, characterized in that: Specifically, the steps include the following: S1. The raw materials of the compound dietary fiber are sieved and mixed, and then used as the fluidized bed substrate and fed into the fluidized bed; S2. Dissolve the raw materials of the compound polyphenol in water to prepare a polyphenol spray solution; the ratio of the raw materials of the compound polyphenol to the water is 1:5~10. S3. Polyphenol spray liquid is sprayed onto the surface of the fiber substrate by fluidized bed spray granulation; S4. Dry at 40~50°C to uniformly load polyphenols onto the surface of dietary fiber particles, thus obtaining a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition.

7. The method for preparing a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition according to claim 6, characterized in that: The parameters for spray granulation in step S3 are: inlet air temperature 60~80°C, atomization pressure 0.15~0.25MPa, and spraying speed 5~10mL / min.

8. The method for preparing a composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the raw materials are passed through a 60-100 mesh sieve, the mixing speed is 15-30 rpm, and the mixing time is 10-20 min. The dissolution method in step S2 is stirring dissolution, and the dissolution temperature is 40~50°C.

9. The use of the composite dietary fiber and polyphenol composition according to claim 1 in the preparation of food or pharmaceuticals with at least one of the following functions, characterized in that: The functions are as follows: (1) Regulate the balance of intestinal microecology; (2) Inhibits intestinal inflammation; (3) Lowering blood glucose and / or improving insulin resistance; (4) Reduce serum cholesterol and / or triglyceride levels.

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