Application of cactus polysaccharide in preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea

Abstract

The application relates to the field of biological medicine, and particularly discloses application of cactus polysaccharide in preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea. It is found that the cactus polysaccharide has excellent anti-dysmenorrhea activity, and the drug efficacy generally presents a dose dependence in the concentration range of the application. On one hand, the cactus polysaccharide can down-regulate the PGF2 alpha level, up-regulate the PGE2 expression, and help balance the prostaglandin ratio; on the other hand, the cactus polysaccharide can improve the SOD, CAT, GSH and T-AOC antioxidant activities, reduce the accumulation of oxidation products MDA, and inhibit the abnormal expression of inflammation-related enzyme iNOS; through multiple mechanisms such as regulating prostaglandin metabolism, resisting oxidative damage and inhibiting inflammatory response, the cactus polysaccharide can synergistically take effect, and effectively improve the dysmenorrhea symptoms. The intervention effect of the high-dose cactus polysaccharide group is basically equivalent to that of the commonly used clinical drugs, and the safety is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomedicine, specifically disclosing the application of cactus polysaccharides in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea. Background Technology

[0002] Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition, primarily occurring before, during, or after menstruation. The main symptom is lower abdominal pain and distension, sometimes radiating to the lower back and sacrum. In severe cases, the pain can cause fainting. Some patients also experience nausea, vomiting, cold extremities, and profuse sweating, significantly impacting women's physiological health and quality of life. Based on its pathogenesis, dysmenorrhea can be classified into primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. Epidemiological surveys show that approximately 80% of women worldwide experience dysmenorrhea to varying degrees. Primary dysmenorrhea has a high incidence rate among young women globally, accounting for over 90% of dysmenorrhea cases, with an incidence rate of 33.1% in Chinese women.

[0003] Currently, clinical practice primarily uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and oral contraceptives to address dysmenorrhea symptoms. However, NSAIDs lack specific target action and can only relieve pain symptoms, failing to address the root cause of menstrual irregularities. Long-term use can also cause toxic side effects on multiple organ systems, including the digestive tract, liver, and kidneys. Oral contraceptives, on the other hand, can easily cause nausea, fluid retention, and other discomforts. Long-term use also carries the risk of inducing venous thrombosis and disrupting the normal secretion rhythm of estrogen and progesterone, thus disrupting the homeostasis of the female menstrual cycle.

[0004] Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment and management of dysmenorrhea. Currently, most Chinese medicine preparations used in clinical practice to treat dysmenorrhea are compound prescriptions containing multiple herbs. However, their components are complex, the effective ingredients are unclear, the quality control during the production process is poor, and the batch stability of the products is difficult to guarantee. At the same time, traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions generally have a bitter taste, low acceptance, and poor compatibility, making it especially difficult to meet the medication experience and needs of adolescent girls. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an application of cactus polysaccharide in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea. In vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed that cactus polysaccharide possesses excellent anti-dysmenorrhea effects. It can intervene in the pathological process of dysmenorrhea through multiple pathways and targets, effectively reducing the number of writhing movements in dysmenorrhea model rats, significantly prolonging the writhing latency, and markedly improving dysmenorrhea symptoms, demonstrating good efficacy in relieving and treating dysmenorrhea. Based on this, cactus polysaccharide can be widely used in the preparation of related products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides the application of cactus polysaccharide in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea, said products including pharmaceuticals.

[0007] Cactus is an edible plant, and the extracted cactus polysaccharide has good safety profile, making it suitable as a raw material for both pharmaceuticals and food. Furthermore, within the experimental scope of this invention, animal and cell experiments have shown that cactus polysaccharide can reduce PGF2α content and increase PGE2 content, effectively correcting the abnormally elevated PGF2α / PGE2 ratio in dysmenorrhea animal models. It can also increase the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH, and T-AOC, reduce the content of the oxidation product MDA, and inhibit iNOS expression, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of writhing in model animals and alleviating dysmenorrhea.

[0008] Preferably, the dysmenorrhea includes primary dysmenorrhea.

[0009] This invention systematically explored the intervention effects of cactus polysaccharide on primary dysmenorrhea by constructing a classic rat model of primary dysmenorrhea, focusing on both behavioral manifestations and mechanisms of action. Experimental results showed that cactus polysaccharide exhibited a dose-dependent anti-dysmenorrhea effect within the dosage range of 50–200 mg / kg body weight (BW). With increasing dosage, the latency of writhing in the model rats was significantly prolonged, the number of writhing movements was significantly reduced, the abnormally elevated PGF2α / PGE2 ratio was effectively corrected, the body's antioxidant level was significantly improved, and the abnormal expression of iNOS in uterine tissue was effectively inhibited.

[0010] More preferably, the method for preparing the cactus polysaccharide includes the following steps: extracting cactus with water, precipitating with alcohol, removing protein, and freeze-drying to obtain cactus polysaccharide.

[0011] More preferably, the cactus includes the pomegranate cactus.

[0012] Cactus is a traditional edible plant in my country with a long history of folk consumption. Its natural and safe origin, although not included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia or the National List of Medicinal and Edible Plants, has been proven by long-term consumption practice to be highly safe and without significant toxic side effects. Cactus polysaccharides extracted from cactus exhibit excellent biocompatibility and have a wide range of applications. They can be used as a safe raw material to prepare pharmaceutical preparations for relieving and treating dysmenorrhea, and also as a functional active ingredient in food development. They have strong industrial adaptability and broad application prospects.

[0013] More preferably, when preparing cactus polysaccharides, dried cactus is selected and extracted with water.

[0014] During the alcohol precipitation, the final ethanol concentration is 78%-82%.

[0015] For example, after water extraction and alcohol precipitation of cactus, proteins are removed using the Sevag method, small molecules are removed by dialysis, followed by alcohol precipitation and lyophilization to obtain cactus polysaccharide. The specific steps include the following: Fresh pear cactus was dried and coarsely crushed. Water was added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8-12, and the mixture was refluxed at 85℃-95℃ for 1.5-2.5 hours, repeated 2-3 times. The filtrates were combined, and solid-liquid separation was performed to obtain the cactus extract. The cactus extract was concentrated to a relative density of 1.1-1.2, and 95% ethanol or anhydrous ethanol was added until the final ethanol concentration was 78%-82%. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight at 0-4℃, and the precipitate was collected by centrifugation to obtain crude polysaccharide. The crude polysaccharide was dissolved in water, Sevag reagent was added, and the mixture was vigorously shaken and centrifuged to remove the protein layer. This process was repeated 5-7 times. The deproteinized solution was placed in a dialysis bag, and the dialysate obtained after dialysis was concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain cactus polysaccharide.

[0016] Cactus polysaccharides are natural food-derived active ingredients with safe and reliable raw materials, no obvious toxic side effects, and meet the safety requirements for food or pharmaceutical use. This invention has demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo experiments that cactus polysaccharides have excellent anti-dysmenorrhea effects, intervening in the pathological process of dysmenorrhea through multiple pathways and targets: it can effectively regulate prostaglandin levels in RL95-2 cells and dysmenorrhea model rats, correct the disordered PGF2α / PGE2 ratio, and improve abnormal uterine contractions; simultaneously, it can significantly increase the activity of antioxidant indicators such as SOD, CAT, and GSH, reduce oxidative stress damage, and inhibit iNOS-mediated inflammatory responses, alleviating local inflammatory damage to the uterus. Animal pharmacodynamic experiments further verified that cactus polysaccharides can effectively reduce the number of writhing movements in dysmenorrhea model rats and significantly prolong the writhing latency, significantly improving dysmenorrhea symptoms from a behavioral perspective, and possessing good dysmenorrhea relief and therapeutic effects. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0018] The pear cactus in this invention was purchased from Zhuangzitian Village, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

[0019] Example 1 This invention provides an application of cactus polysaccharide in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea, wherein the specific method for preparing cactus polysaccharide is as follows: S1. Take 1.5 kg of fresh pear cactus, wash it, remove the thorns, cut it into 1 cm square pieces, place it in an 80℃ oven until constant weight, crush it, and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain dried cactus. S2. Place 100g of dried cactus in a round-bottom flask, add 1L of water, connect the reflux device, turn on the heating mantle, and reflux at 90℃ for 2 hours. Separate the residue and liquid, and keep the extract for later use. Add 1L of water to the residue and reflux extract again at 90℃ for 2h. Separate the residue and liquid, and combine the two extracts to obtain cactus extract. S3. Concentrate the cactus extract under reduced pressure by rotary evaporation until the relative density is 1.15 to obtain a concentrated solution; Add 95% ethanol to the concentrate until the final ethanol concentration is 80%. Let it stand in a refrigerator at 0℃~4℃ for 12 hours, centrifuge to collect the precipitate, and obtain crude polysaccharide. Dissolve the crude polysaccharide in 240mL of water, add 1 / 4 volume of Sevag reagent (chloroform:n-butanol volume ratio of 4:1), shake vigorously for 30min, centrifuge to remove the protein layer, repeat 6 times to obtain the deproteinized polysaccharide solution; The deproteinized polysaccharide solution was placed in a 3500 Da dialysis bag, water was added, and dialysis was performed at 4°C for 48 hours, with the water changed every 6 hours to obtain the dialysate. The dialysate was then concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain cactus polysaccharide.

[0020] Example 2 This invention provides an application of cactus polysaccharide in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea, wherein the specific method for preparing cactus polysaccharide is as follows: S1. Take 1.5 kg of fresh pear cactus, wash it, remove the thorns, cut it into 1 cm square pieces, place it in an 80℃ oven until constant weight, crush it, and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain dried cactus. S2. Place 100g of dried cactus in a round-bottom flask, add 800mL of water, connect the reflux device, turn on the heating mantle, and reflux at 95℃ for 1.5h. Separate the residue and liquid, and keep the extract for later use. Add 800 mL of water to the residue and reflux at 95 °C for 1.5 h. Separate the residue and liquid. Repeat this process twice. Combine the extracts obtained from the three extractions to obtain cactus extract. S3. Concentrate the cactus extract under reduced pressure by rotary evaporation until the relative density is 1.1 to obtain a concentrated solution; Add 95% ethanol to the concentrate until the final ethanol concentration is 78%. Let it stand in a refrigerator at 0℃~4℃ for 12 hours, centrifuge to collect the precipitate, and obtain crude polysaccharide. Dissolve the crude polysaccharide in 240mL of water, add 1 / 4 volume of Sevag reagent (chloroform:n-butanol volume ratio of 4:1), shake vigorously for 30min, centrifuge to remove the protein layer, repeat 5 times to obtain the deproteinized polysaccharide solution; The deproteinized polysaccharide solution was placed in a 3500 Da dialysis bag, water was added, and dialysis was performed at 4°C for 48 hours, with the water changed every 6 hours to obtain the dialysate. The dialysate was then concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain cactus polysaccharide.

[0021] Example 3 This invention provides an application of cactus polysaccharide in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea, wherein the specific method for preparing cactus polysaccharide is as follows: S1. Take 1.5 kg of fresh pear cactus, wash it, remove the thorns, cut it into 1 cm square pieces, place it in an 80℃ oven until constant weight, crush it, and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain dried cactus. S2. Place 100g of dried cactus in a round-bottom flask, add 1.2L of water, connect the reflux device, turn on the heating mantle, and reflux at 85℃ for 2.5h. Separate the residue and liquid, and keep the extract for later use. Add 1.2L of water to the residue and reflux extract again at 85℃ for 2.5h. Separate the residue and liquid, and combine the two extracts to obtain cactus extract. S3. Concentrate the cactus extract under reduced pressure by rotary evaporation until the relative density is 1.18 to obtain a concentrated solution; Add 95% ethanol to the concentrate until the final ethanol concentration is 82%. Let it stand in a refrigerator at 0℃~4℃ for 12 hours, centrifuge to collect the precipitate, and obtain crude polysaccharide. Dissolve the crude polysaccharide in 240mL of water, add 1 / 4 volume of Sevag reagent (chloroform:n-butanol volume ratio of 4:1), shake vigorously for 30min, centrifuge to remove the protein layer, repeat 7 times to obtain the deproteinized polysaccharide solution; The deproteinized polysaccharide solution was placed in a 3500 Da dialysis bag, water was added, and dialysis was performed at 4°C for 48 hours, with the water changed every 6 hours to obtain the dialysate. The dialysate was then concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain cactus polysaccharide.

[0022] Example of effect 1 Taking the cactus polysaccharide prepared in Example 1 as an example, the regulatory effect of cactus polysaccharide on prostaglandin secretion in RL95-2 cells was investigated, and its safety was further evaluated by its effect on cell viability. The specific details are as follows: 1. The effect of cactus polysaccharides on cellular prostaglandins This invention uses human endometrial epithelial cancer cells RL95-2 and estradiol benzoate to induce a dysmenorrhea cell model. Different concentrations of cactus polysaccharides are added, and the PGF2α and PGE2 content in the cell supernatant are detected, and the PGF2α / PGE2 ratio is calculated to evaluate its regulatory effect on prostaglandin secretion.

[0023] (1) Induction of cell model and experimental grouping RL95-2 cells were seeded in 6-well plates at a concentration of 1 × 10⁻⁶ cells per well. 5Cells were cultured at 37°C and 5% CO2 in DMEM / F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin / streptomycin until 70%-80% confluence. Then, they were synchronized with FBS-free DMEM / F12 medium for 12 hours, followed by the addition of estradiol benzoate (E2) to a final concentration of 80 μM, and cultured for another 24 hours at 37°C and 5% CO2 to induce a dysmenorrhea-like response. A blank control group without estradiol benzoate was also included. ELISA analysis showed that the PGF2α / PGE2 ratio in the model group cell supernatant was 6.8 times that of the blank control group. This increase of ≥2.5 times was considered a successful establishment of the dysmenorrhea cell model. MTT toxicity assays confirmed that the final concentration of 80 μM estradiol benzoate had no significant toxicity to the cells.

[0024] According to the grouping and administration regimens shown in Table 1 below, different concentrations of cactus polysaccharide or the positive control drug Yueyueshu prepared in Example 1 were added to the above-mentioned dysmenorrhea cell model. After induction for 24 hours, the cell culture supernatant was collected, centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was taken. The absorbance at 450 nm was measured according to the operating instructions of the human PGF2α ELISA kit and the human PGE2 ELISA kit. The contents of PGF2α and PGE2 were obtained by establishing a standard curve, and the PGF2α / PGE2 ratio was calculated.

[0025] Table 1 The cactus polysaccharide was dissolved in DMEM / F12 medium without fetal bovine serum and sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 μm filter membrane before use.

[0026] (2) Experimental results The results of the determination of the content and ratio of PGF2α and PGE2 in the cell supernatant of different groups after 24 h of induction according to the drug administration regimen in Table 1 are shown in Table 2.

[0027] Table 2 Note: ** indicates p<0.01 compared with the blank control group; * indicates p<0.05 compared with the blank control group; ## indicates p<0.01 compared with the model control group.

[0028] Table 2 shows that the medium- and high-dose groups of cactus polysaccharides significantly reduced PGF2α levels and increased PGE2 levels, effectively correcting the abnormally elevated PGF2α / PGE2 ratio in the model group. The high-dose group of cactus polysaccharides restored the PGF2α / PGE2 ratio to near-normal levels, and the effect of this group was essentially equivalent to that of the positive control group containing the drug, Yueyueshu.

[0029] 2. Effects of cactus polysaccharides on the viability of RL95-2 cells This invention uses the MTT assay to determine the effect of cactus polysaccharides prepared in different Examples 1 on the viability of RL95-2 cells and to evaluate the safety of cactus polysaccharides. Details are as follows: RL95-2 cells were processed at a rate of 6 × 10⁻⁶. 4 Cells were seeded per well in 96-well plates and cultured at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 24 h until cell confluence reached 70%-80%. Then, cactus polysaccharide was added to a final concentration of 0-400 μg / mL, and induction continued for another 24 h. Afterward, 20 μL of 5 mg / mL MTT solution was added to each well, and the plates were cultured for another 4 h. After culture, the supernatant was discarded by centrifugation, and 150 μL of DMSO was added to each well. The plates were shaken for 10 min, and the absorbance was measured at 490 nm.

[0030] Cell viability (%) = (OD of experimental group / OD of control group) × 100%.

[0031] The cell viability of different concentrations of cactus polysaccharide is shown in Table 3.

[0032] Table 3 Note: * indicates p<0.05 compared to the control group.

[0033] As shown in Table 3, cactus polysaccharides maintained a cell viability of >94% within the range of 50-200 μg / mL, indicating that there was no significant toxicity within this range, which is a safe dosage.

[0034] In summary, cell experiments have confirmed that cactus polysaccharides have no significant toxicity within the range of 50-200 μg / mL, which is considered a safe dosage. Within this range, it can reduce PGF2α levels and increase PGE2 levels in dysmenorrhea cell models. The medium- and high-dose groups can effectively correct the abnormally elevated PGF2α / PGE2 ratio in dysmenorrhea cell models and have a regulatory effect on prostaglandin secretion. The effect of the high-dose cactus polysaccharide group is basically equivalent to that of the positive control group, Yueyueshu.

[0035] Example 2 Taking the cactus polysaccharide prepared in Example 1 as an example, this invention systematically explored the intervention effect of cactus polysaccharide on primary dysmenorrhea from the perspectives of behavioral performance and mechanism of action by constructing an animal model of primary dysmenorrhea. The specific details are as follows: 1. Establishment of animal models Ten-week-old, non-pregnant female SD rats weighing 200±10g were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group. Except for the blank control group, the other five groups (model control group, positive control group, low-dose cactus polysaccharide group, medium-dose cactus polysaccharide group, and high-dose cactus polysaccharide group) established a primary dysmenorrhea animal model by injection of estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. The specific protocol was as follows: On day 1, estradiol benzoate was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 1.0 mg / animal / day; from day 2 to 9, estradiol benzoate was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.6 mg / animal / day; on day 10, estradiol benzoate was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 1.0 mg / animal / day; on day 11, 24 hours after the subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate on day 10, oxytocin 3 U / animal was administered intraperitoneally. Starting from day 4 of subcutaneous estradiol injection, each treatment group received either the positive control drug or the test substance via gavage daily for 7 consecutive days. The positive control group was administered Yueyueshu solution by gavage at a dose of 0.432 g / kg; the low-dose cactus group, medium-dose cactus group, and high-dose cactus group were administered cactus polysaccharide solutions of different concentrations prepared in Example 1 by gavage, with the gavage doses of cactus polysaccharide being 50 mg / kg, 100 mg / kg, and 200 mg / kg, respectively; the model control group and the blank control group were administered an equal volume of distilled water by gavage.

[0036] 2. Behavioral experiments After injection of oxytocin, rats in each experimental group were immediately placed in a transparent observation box. The blank control group, which was not injected with oxytocin, was placed in the same transparent observation box as the other groups. The cumulative number of typical writhing responses in different groups within 30 minutes was recorded: abdominal contraction and concavity, trunk and hind limb extension, and internal rotation of the buttocks and one limb. At the same time, the writhing latency, i.e., the time from injection of oxytocin to the first appearance of the writhing response, was recorded, and the incidence of writhing was calculated.

[0037] The writhing incidence rate is calculated as: (Number of animals exhibiting writhing in each group / Total number of experimental animals in each group) × 100%.

[0038] The results of measuring the latency of writhing, the number of writhing episodes within 30 minutes, and the incidence of writhing in rats of different groups are shown in Table 4.

[0039] Table 4 Note: ** represents p<0.01 compared with the blank control group, * represents p<0.05 compared with the blank control group, ## represents p<0.01 compared with the model control group, and # represents p<0.05 compared with the model control group.

[0040] Table 4 shows that the model group rats exhibited typical writhing responses, with a writhing latency of 6.57 min and an average of 24.33 writhing movements within 30 min. Compared with the model control group, the high, medium, and low dose groups of cactus polysaccharide, as well as the positive control group, all significantly prolonged the writhing latency and reduced the number of writhing movements. Among them, the high dose group of cactus polysaccharide had a writhing latency of 22.56 min and an average of 5.50 writhing movements. The writhing latency and the number of writhing movements within 30 min in this dose group were basically equivalent to those in the positive control group.

[0041] 3. The regulatory effect of cactus polysaccharides on prostaglandin secretion After observation, rats were euthanized, and uterine tissue was quickly dissected. 0.5g of the tissue was weighed, cut into small pieces, and 4.5mL of pre-cooled physiological saline was added. The tissue was then placed in an ice-water bath and homogenized using an ultrasonic cell disruptor. The homogenate was centrifuged at 3000-4000 rpm for 10-15 min at 4℃, and the supernatant was collected. This uterine tissue homogenate supernatant was stored at -80℃ for later analysis. The levels of PGF2α and PGE2 were determined using a rat-specific ELISA kit.

[0042] The results of the determination of the content and ratio of PGF2α and PGE2 in the supernatant of uterine tissue homogenate from different groups of rats are shown in Table 5.

[0043] Table 5 Note: ** represents p < 0.05 compared to the blank control group, * represents p < 0.05 compared to the blank control group, and ## represents p < 0.01 compared to the model control group.

[0044] Table 5 shows that, compared with the model control group, the positive control group and the low, medium, and high dose groups of cactus polysaccharide all significantly reduced PGF2α content and increased PGE2 content. Among them, the high dose group of cactus polysaccharide restored the PGF2α / PGE2 ratio to normal levels. Therefore, it can be inferred that cactus polysaccharide can improve uterine smooth muscle contraction by regulating prostaglandin metabolism.

[0045] 4. Effects of cactus polysaccharides on antioxidant indices and inflammation-related enzymes in uterine tissue of dysmenorrhea model rats After the observation period, 0.5 g of rat uterine tissue was taken, added to 4.5 mL of pre-cooled physiological saline, homogenized in an ice bath, centrifuged at 4°C, and the supernatant was collected. The contents of antioxidant indicators such as T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA, as well as the content of the inflammation-related enzyme iNOS in the supernatant were determined using the following method.

[0046] Among them, SOD was determined by the xanthine oxidase method (WST-1 method); MDA was determined by the TBA method; GSH was detected by the DTNB colorimetric method; T-AOC was detected by the FRAP method; CAT was determined by the ammonium molybdate colorimetric method; and iNOS protein content was detected by an ELISA kit.

[0047] The results of the determination of antioxidant indicators and iNOS content in the supernatant of uterine tissue homogenate from different groups of rats are shown in Table 6.

[0048] Table 6 Note: ** represents p < 0.05 compared with the blank control group, * represents p < 0.05 compared with the blank control group, ## represents p < 0.01 compared with the model control group, and # represents p < 0.05 compared with the model control group.

[0049] As shown in Table 6, compared with the blank control group, the levels of antioxidant indicators such as SOD, CAT, GSH, and T-AOC in the uterine tissue of rats in the model control group were significantly decreased, while the content of MDA and the expression level of the inflammation-related enzyme iNOS were significantly increased. This indicates that the antioxidant defense system of rat uterine tissue was damaged after modeling, and oxidative stress and inflammatory response were significantly aggravated. After intervention with cactus polysaccharide, all abnormal indicators in the uterine tissue of model rats were restored to varying degrees, effectively reversing the above-mentioned pathological changes. Among them, the high-dose group of cactus polysaccharide had the most significant effect on improving oxidative stress and inflammatory imbalance, significantly increasing the level of antioxidant indicators in uterine tissue, inhibiting excessive accumulation of MDA and abnormal high expression of iNOS, repairing the antioxidant capacity of uterine tissue, and effectively alleviating local inflammatory response.

[0050] In summary, within the scope of this invention's experimental research, cactus polysaccharides exhibit excellent anti-dysmenorrhea activity, and the overall efficacy shows a dose-dependent effect. With gradually increasing dosage, the latency of writhing in rats was prolonged, and the frequency of writhing episodes was significantly reduced. This invention also found that cactus polysaccharides can alleviate dysmenorrhea through multiple pathways and targets. On the one hand, it downregulates PGF2α levels and upregulates PGE2 expression, effectively correcting the abnormally elevated PGF2α / PGE2 ratio; on the other hand, it enhances the antioxidant activity of SOD, CAT, GSH, and T-AOC, reduces the accumulation of the oxidative product MDA, and inhibits the abnormal expression of the inflammation-related enzyme iNOS. Therefore, cactus polysaccharides can effectively improve dysmenorrhea symptoms through multiple synergistic mechanisms, including regulating prostaglandin metabolism, anti-oxidative damage, and inhibiting inflammatory responses. The intervention effect of the high-dose cactus polysaccharide group is basically equivalent to that of the commonly used clinical drug Yueyueshu; and within the effective dosage range, cactus polysaccharides do not significantly affect the activity of RL95-2 cells, demonstrating good biocompatibility. Therefore, cactus polysaccharides can be used to prepare drugs to relieve dysmenorrhea or treat primary dysmenorrhea, and have good market value and social benefits, with broad application prospects.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of a cactus polysaccharide in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea, characterized in that, The products include pharmaceuticals.

2. The application of the cactus polysaccharide as described in claim 1 in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea, characterized in that, The dysmenorrhea mentioned includes primary dysmenorrhea.

3. The application of cactus polysaccharide as described in claim 1 or 2 in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea, characterized in that, The preparation method of the cactus polysaccharide includes the following steps: extracting cactus with water, precipitating with alcohol, removing protein, and freeze-drying to obtain the cactus polysaccharide.

4. The application of the cactus polysaccharide as described in claim 3 in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea, characterized in that, The cactus mentioned includes the pear cactus.

5. The application of the cactus polysaccharide as described in claim 3 in the preparation of products for relieving or treating dysmenorrhea, characterized in that, The cactus is a dried cactus; and / or During the alcohol precipitation, the final ethanol concentration is 78%-82%.

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