A laser welding device adaptive to feeding and discharging

Abstract

This invention discloses a laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading, comprising a laser welding machine body, a gantry frame and a worktable on the machine body; a support plate is provided on the upper end of the worktable, and the support plate can slide along the Y-axis on the worktable; several rotary indexing mechanisms are detachably arranged at intervals on the upper end of the support plate, and a workpiece is placed on the upper end of each rotary indexing mechanism; mounting plates are provided on both sides of the gantry frame, and each mounting plate can slide along the X-axis and along the Z-axis on the gantry frame; at least one mounting plate has a laser welding head on its side end, and the laser welding head is located above the workpiece. This invention provides a laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading, which can be adapted to different functional workstations, realizing welding unloading, simultaneous welding at two workstations, and integrated welding and laser engraving operations. Combined with the indexing mechanisms, it meets the multi-angle processing requirements of the workpiece, effectively improving production efficiency and simplifying the production process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding technology, and in particular to a laser welding apparatus adapted to loading and unloading. Background Technology

[0002] Laser welding is a joining technology that uses a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source to locally melt the materials being welded in a very short time, forming a metallurgical bond. Compared with traditional welding processes such as electric arc welding, resistance welding, and brazing, laser welding has significant advantages such as concentrated energy, low heat input, high welding speed, small heat-affected zone, small welding deformation, high weld quality, and ease of automation. Therefore, it has been widely used in fields such as power batteries and structural components for new energy vehicles, chassis and cabinets for communication equipment, precision components for consumer electronics, medical devices, rail transportation, aerospace, and high-end equipment manufacturing.

[0003] With the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing, flexible manufacturing, and reduced-manpower production models, the application scenarios of laser welding equipment have gradually shifted from mass production of single products to multi-variety, small-batch, continuous, and flexible production. The market not only demands high welding precision and stability from laser welding equipment, but also requires it to adapt to rapid switching between different workpiece specifications, achieving functions such as automatic loading and unloading, multi-station continuous processing, multi-angle welding, and multi-process integration, thereby improving equipment uptime and reducing manual intervention and overall manufacturing costs.

[0004] However, most existing laser welding equipment adopts a structure of fixed worktable and single-station fixture. This means that after the workpiece is clamped and positioned manually or by a robotic arm, the laser welding head completes the welding according to a preset trajectory. Only after welding is finished is the workpiece unloaded and the next batch of workpieces clamped. In this processing mode, loading, welding, and unloading are usually sequential operations, with significant waiting times between each process: loading and unloading cannot be carried out simultaneously during welding, and the welding head is in standby mode during loading and unloading, resulting in long non-processing times for the equipment, low equipment utilization, and difficulty in meeting the continuous processing requirements of high-cycle production lines.

[0005] To improve production efficiency, some existing technologies employ dual-station turntables, reciprocating transfer platforms, and robotic loading / unloading to achieve station switching. However, these structures generally suffer from the following problems: station switching mechanisms mostly only have simple position transfer functions, making it difficult to simultaneously handle continuous workpiece flow, independent area protection, and multi-station collaborative operations within a limited space; when it is necessary to expand to include composite processes such as welding, marking, and inspection, the functional modules of traditional equipment lack independence and compatibility, often requiring the configuration of multiple independent sets of equipment, which not only increases equipment investment and floor space but also raises logistics and transportation costs and complicates process integration.

[0006] Meanwhile, with the increasing complexity of product structures, more and more workpieces require multi-directional, multi-angle, and even circumferential welding. For example, communication device housings, cylindrical structural components, battery busbars, and irregularly shaped precision parts have welding positions distributed at different spatial angles. Existing equipment typically uses industrial robots to adjust the workpiece posture, servo rotary platforms for indexing, or manual workpiece flipping to achieve angle conversion. However, while industrial robots offer high flexibility, they are expensive and complex to control; ordinary servo indexing mechanisms are susceptible to factors such as reducer backlash, transmission clearance, and mechanical wear after long-term operation, leading to a decrease in repeatability; manual flipping suffers from low efficiency, high labor intensity, and poor consistency. When workpieces require high-frequency, multi-angle indexing welding, existing technologies struggle to simultaneously achieve indexing efficiency, positioning accuracy, and locking stability, thus affecting weld position accuracy and weld quality consistency.

[0007] During laser welding, the high-energy laser beam acting on the surface of the metal material creates intense molten pool flow, metal evaporation, and keyhole collapse, resulting in a large amount of molten metal spatter, condensed metal vapor particles, and weld slag. This spatter phenomenon is particularly pronounced in applications involving aluminum alloys, coated steel, highly reflective materials, and high-speed deep penetration welding. Spatter not only adheres to the workpiece surface, affecting the weld appearance and subsequent assembly performance, but can also penetrate the laser welding head due to high-speed rebound, contaminating core optical components such as protective lenses and focusing lenses. This leads to decreased laser transmittance, focal point shift, and unbalanced energy distribution, resulting in unstable weld penetration and increased welding defects. In severe cases, spatter adhering to the surface of optical lenses can cause localized ablation or even lens shattering due to continuous laser irradiation, increasing maintenance costs, causing equipment downtime, and disrupting continuous production line operation.

[0008] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies primarily employ protective lenses, anti-spatter baffles, and protective gas purging. Protective lenses are a typical passive protection method, essentially using sacrificial elements to block spatter. Once the lens surface becomes contaminated, frequent disassembly, cleaning, or replacement is necessary; otherwise, laser transmission quality will be directly affected. Static baffles can only block spatter in specific directions and are ineffective at intercepting multi-directional, high-speed metal particles. While protective gas purging can suppress spatter upward movement to some extent, the airflow distribution is easily affected by welding posture, workpiece structure, and welding parameters, making it difficult to form a stable and reliable protective barrier and failing to fundamentally solve the problem of spatter intrusion into the laser head. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the background art above and to provide a laser welding device that is suitable for loading and unloading materials.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows:

[0011] A laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading includes a laser welding machine body, on which a gantry and a worktable are provided; a support plate is provided on the upper end of the worktable, and the support plate can slide along the Y-axis on the worktable; a plurality of rotary indexing mechanisms are detachably provided on the upper end of the support plate, and a workpiece is provided on the upper end of each rotary indexing mechanism.

[0012] Mounting plates are provided on both sides of the gantry frame. Each mounting plate can slide along the X-axis and along the Z-axis on the gantry frame. At least one mounting plate has a laser welding head on its side end, and the laser welding head is located above the workpiece.

[0013] The laser welding head has a welding nozzle at its bottom end, which includes a housing and a rotor rotatably disposed inside the housing. A tapered through-hole is formed in the middle of the rotor, with the inner diameter gradually increasing from the upper inlet to the lower outlet. A spiral groove is formed on the inner wall of the tapered through-hole. A first partition is fixedly disposed inside the housing, forming an air intake chamber with the top wall, side wall, and rotor side wall of the first partition. The air intake chamber is connected to an air intake pipe. Several vent holes are circumferentially formed inside the upper end of the rotor, each vent hole inclined downwards from the outside of the rotor towards the inside. An air passage is provided inside the rotor, and the air intake chamber, air passage, and vent holes are sequentially connected. An air pump is provided at the end of the air intake pipe extending out of the housing.

[0014] In one embodiment, a first upper slide rail and a first lower slide rail are fixedly provided on the gantry along the X-axis. A first motor assembly is fixedly provided at the side end of the first upper slide rail and the first lower slide rail. An accommodating space is left between the first upper slide rail and the first lower slide rail. The first lower slide rail is slidably connected to a first lower slide block. The first upper slide rail is slidably connected to the first upper slide block. The first lower slide block is fixedly connected to the first upper slide block. The output shaft of the first motor assembly is fixedly connected to a first lead screw. The first lead screw and the first lower slide block are threadedly connected to each other. Mounting plates are fixedly provided on both sides of the first upper slide block at the positions of the two sides of the gantry.

[0015] In one embodiment, a second slide rail is fixedly provided at the outer end of each mounting plate along the Z-axis direction, a second motor assembly is provided at the upper end of each second slide rail, the second slide rail is slidably connected to the second slider, the output shaft of the second motor assembly is fixedly connected to the second lead screw, the second lead screw and the second slider are threadedly connected to each other, and the second slider is connected to the fixed plate.

[0016] In one embodiment, the worktable is fixedly provided with two sets of sliding components along the Y-axis direction;

[0017] A set of sliding components includes a third motor assembly, a third upper slide rail, and a third lower slide rail. The third motor assembly is fixedly mounted on the side end of the third upper slide rail and the third lower slide rail. An accommodating space is left between the third upper slide rail and the third lower slide rail. The third lower slide rail is slidably connected to the third lower slide rail. The third upper slide rail is slidably connected to the third upper slide rail. The third lower slide rail is fixedly connected to the third upper slide rail. The output shaft of the third motor assembly is fixedly connected to the third lead screw. The third lead screw and the third lower slide rail are threadedly connected to each other. The bearing plate is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the third upper slide rail.

[0018] Another sliding component includes a third upper slide rail and a third lower slide rail, with an accommodating space between the third upper slide rail and the third lower slide rail. The third lower slide rail is slidably connected to the third lower slide rail, the third upper slide rail is slidably connected to the third upper slide rail, the third lower slide rail is fixedly connected to the third upper slide rail, and the support plate is fixedly provided at the upper end of the third upper slide rail.

[0019] A limiting groove is formed in the middle of the support plate along the X-axis direction.

[0020] In one embodiment, the air passage includes an air passage and an annular air groove. An annular air groove is provided circumferentially inside the upper end of the rotor. An air passage is provided inside the rotor. The air inlet chamber, the air passage, the annular air groove, and a plurality of air holes are connected in sequence.

[0021] In one embodiment, the outer casing is cylindrical, and the rotor is cylindrical;

[0022] The top and bottom plates of the outer casing are respectively provided with annular grooves, and the top and bottom plates of the rotor are respectively provided with annular protrusions. The annular protrusions at the top and bottom are respectively embedded in the annular grooves at the top and bottom.

[0023] The inner side of the outer shell is fixedly provided with a second partition, and a micro motor assembly is provided on the second partition. The output shaft of the micro motor assembly passes through the second partition and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the drive gear. The drive gear and the driven gear mesh with each other, and the driven gear is fixedly provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor.

[0024] An assembly hole is provided through the side circumference of the outer shell, and an assembly plate is embedded in the assembly hole. The assembly plate is detachably connected to the outer shell, and a number of heat dissipation holes are provided on the assembly plate.

[0025] In one embodiment, a flared slag-blocking cover is fixedly provided at the lower end of the outer shell, and a slag-collecting ring plate is detachably provided at the lower end of the flared slag-blocking cover. The inner diameter of the central through hole of the slag-collecting ring plate is larger than the maximum inner diameter of the conical through hole, and the extension line of the conical surface of the conical through hole falls within the groove area of ​​the slag-collecting ring plate.

[0026] In one embodiment, the rotary indexing mechanism includes a slotted indexing plate, a graduated indexing plate, an indexing worktable, and a rotary drive assembly. The indexing worktable is detachably connected to the support plate. The rotary drive assembly is arranged inside the indexing worktable. The slotted indexing plate and the graduated indexing plate are arranged sequentially from bottom to top on the upper end of the indexing worktable. A locking assembly is also installed on the indexing worktable for locking and positioning the slotted indexing plate.

[0027] The rotary drive assembly includes a fourth motor, a fourth lead screw, a linear rack, a circular gear, and a central rotating shaft. The fourth motor is mounted externally on the indexing table, and the output shaft of the fourth motor is fixedly connected to the fourth lead screw. The fourth lead screw passes through the indexing table and is threadedly connected to the linear rack. The linear rack is slidably mounted on a linear slide, which is fixedly located inside the indexing table. One side of the linear rack's teeth meshes with the outer side of the circular gear's teeth. The circular gear is fixedly connected to the central rotating shaft, which is rotatably located inside the indexing table. The upper end of the central rotating shaft passes through and extends out of the indexing table, and the central rotating shaft is fixedly connected to both the graduated indexing plate and the slotted indexing plate.

[0028] In one embodiment, the outer circumferential surface of the graduated dial is provided with angle scale markings.

[0029] In one embodiment, the outer edge of the slotted indexing plate is provided with a plurality of indexing slots evenly distributed along the circumferential direction;

[0030] The locking assembly includes a fifth motor and a cam; the fifth motor is fixed on the indexing worktable, and the output shaft of the fifth motor is fixedly connected to the rotation center hole of the cam; when the cam rotates to the locked position, its far rest arc segment is embedded in the indexing groove to achieve positioning; when the cam rotates 180° to the unlocked position, its near rest arc segment forms an avoidance gap with the indexing groove.

[0031] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a laser welding device that is adaptable to loading and unloading, which can be adapted to different functional workstations to realize welding unloading, simultaneous welding at two workstations, and integrated welding and laser engraving operations. Combined with an indexing mechanism, it meets the multi-angle processing needs of workpieces, effectively improving production efficiency and simplifying the production process. The laser welding device forms a double protection through a centrifugal structure and an annular air curtain, intercepting welding spatter in all directions, reliably protecting the internal optical components of the laser welding head, and ensuring the stability of the laser beam path. The threaded groove on the conical surface can guide the molten slag outwards in a directional manner, while avoiding large-area adhesion and blockage of the through holes. The slag-blocking cover and detachable slag-collecting ring plate can collect welding slag centrally, making cleaning convenient and maintaining a clean working area. The welding nozzle adopts a modular structure, which can be directly and quickly replaced without modifying the structure of existing laser welding heads on the market, making it highly adaptable and widely applicable. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 A perspective view of a laser welding apparatus without a laser welding head provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Another structural diagram;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A in the image;

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Another structural diagram;

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part B in the image;

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of section C in the image;

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part D in the image;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a front view of a laser welding apparatus for mounting a laser welding head, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 9 A top view of a laser welding apparatus for mounting a laser welding head provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 A perspective view of the rotary indexing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a top view of the rotary indexing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Sectional view along line AA in the middle;

[0044] Figure 13 An exploded view of the rotary indexing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 14 A perspective view of the welding nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 15 This is a front view of the welding nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 16 for Figure 15 BB-direction sectional view.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Laser welding machine body; 2. Gantry frame; 3. Worktable; 4. Bearing plate; 5. Limiting groove; 6. First upper slide rail; 7. First lower slide rail; 8. First upper slider; 9. First lower slider; 10. First lead screw; 11. First motor assembly; 12. Second slide rail; 13. Second slider; 14. Second lead screw; 15. Second motor assembly; 16. Third upper slide rail; 17. Third lower slide rail; 18. Third upper slider; 19. Third lower slider; 20. Third lead screw; 21. Third motor assembly; 22. Slotted indexing plate; 23. Indexing slot; 24. Graduated indexing plate; 25. Indexing worktable; 26. Fourth motor; 27. Fourth lead screw 28. Linear rack; 29. ​​Circular gear; 30. Central shaft; 31. Slag collection ring plate; 32. Conical through hole; 33. Linear slide; 34. Air passage; 35. Fifth motor; 36. Cam; 37. Laser welding head; 38. Mounting plate; 39. Outer shell; 40. First partition plate; 41. Second partition plate; 42. Air inlet chamber; 43. Air inlet pipe; 44. Annular groove; 45. Assembly plate; 46. Heat dissipation hole; 47. Rotor; 48. Spiral groove; 49. Ventilation hole; 50. Annular ventilation groove; 51. Annular protrusion; 52. Micro motor assembly; 53. Drive gear; 54. Driven gear; 55. Flared slag baffle; 56. Fixing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0050] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0052] Example

[0053] like Figure 1-16 As shown, a laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading includes a laser welding machine body 1, on which a gantry frame 2 and a worktable 3 are fixedly mounted. A support plate 4 is mounted on top of the worktable 3, and the support plate 4 can slide along the Y-axis direction of the worktable 3. A limiting groove 5 is formed in the middle of the support plate 4 along the X-axis direction. The limiting groove 5 is inverted T-shaped, and a protective plate can be embedded inside the limiting groove 5 to separate and protect the working area and prevent mutual interference between different workstations. Multiple rotary indexing mechanisms are arranged at intervals on the upper end of the support plate 4, and the workpiece to be processed can be detachably placed on top of each rotary indexing mechanism.

[0054] Mounting plates 38 are installed on both sides of the gantry frame 2. At least one mounting plate 38 has a laser welding head 37 installed on its outer side. The laser welding head 37 is positioned directly above the workpiece, and laser welding operations on different workpieces are completed by adjusting its position.

[0055] A first upper slide rail 6 and a first lower slide rail 7 are fixedly installed on the gantry frame 2 along the X-axis. A first motor assembly 11 is fixed to the ends of the first upper slide rail 6 and the first lower slide rail 7, with a reserved space between them. The first lower slide rail 7 is slidably engaged with the first lower slide rail 9, and the first upper slide rail 6 is slidably engaged with the first upper slide rail 8. The first lower slide rail 9 and the first upper slide rail 8 are fixedly connected to each other. The output shaft of the first motor assembly 11 is connected to the first lead screw 10, and the first lead screw 10 and the first lower slide rail 9 form a threaded transmission engagement. Mounting plates 38 are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the first upper slide rail 8, respectively. During operation, the first motor assembly 11 drives the first lead screw 10 to rotate, which drives the first upper slide rail 8, the first lower slide rail 9, and the mounting plate 38 to translate along the X-axis as a whole through threaded transmission, thereby realizing the flexible adjustment of the lateral position of the laser welding head 37.

[0056] A second slide rail 12 is fixed to the outer side of each mounting plate 38 along the Z-axis. A second motor assembly 15 is mounted on the top of the second slide rail 12, and a second slider 13 is slidably mounted on the second slide rail 12. The output shaft of the second motor assembly 15 is connected to a second lead screw 14, which is threadedly connected to the second slider 13. The second slider 13 is connected to a fixing plate 56. When the second motor assembly 15 is working, it drives the second slider 13 to move up and down along the second slide rail 12 via the second lead screw 14, synchronously driving the laser welding head 37 to move up and down along the Z-axis, precisely adjusting the welding height and laser focal length to meet the welding process requirements of different workpieces.

[0057] Two sets of sliding components are arranged along the Y-axis on the upper end of the worktable 3. The two sets of structures cooperate with each other to support and drive the bearing plate 4 to move smoothly. One set of sliding components consists of a third motor assembly 21, a third upper slide rail 16, and a third lower slide rail 17. The ends of the third upper slide rail 16 and the third lower slide rail 17 are fixed to the third motor assembly 21, leaving a space between them. The third lower slide rail 17 is slidably connected to the third lower slide block 19, the third upper slide rail 16 is slidably connected to the third upper slide block 18, and the third lower slide block 19 is fastened to the third upper slide block 18. The output shaft of the third motor assembly 21 is connected to the third lead screw 20, which is threadedly engaged with the third lower slide block 19. The upper end of the third upper slide block 18 is fixed to the bearing plate 4. The other set of sliding components only consists of the third upper slide rail 16, the third lower slide rail 17, the third upper slide block 18, and the third lower slide block 19. The upper end of the third upper slide block 18 is also fixed to the bearing plate 4, mainly serving as auxiliary support and guiding limit. When the third motor assembly 21 is in operation, it drives the slider assembly and the bearing plate 4 to slide along the Y-axis through the third lead screw 20, thereby completing the switching of the workpiece station and realizing automated loading and unloading and continuous welding operations in conjunction with the device.

[0058] The rotary indexing mechanism installed on the upper end of the support plate 4 includes a slotted indexing plate 22, a graduated indexing plate 24, an indexing worktable 25, a rotary drive assembly, and a locking assembly. The indexing worktable 25 is detachably mounted on the surface of the support plate 4 (generally by threaded connection). The rotary drive assembly is arranged inside the indexing worktable 25. The slotted indexing plate 22 and the graduated indexing plate 24 are installed sequentially from bottom to top on the upper end of the indexing worktable 25. Angle scale markings are set on the outer circular surface of the graduated indexing plate 24, allowing operators to intuitively read the rotation angle and ensuring the intuitiveness and accuracy of the indexing operation. Several indexing slots 23 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer edge of the slotted indexing plate 22, which can cooperate with the locking assembly to achieve position locking.

[0059] The rotary drive assembly includes a fourth motor 26, a fourth lead screw 27, a linear rack 28, a circular gear 29, and a central rotating shaft 30. The fourth motor 26 is mounted outside the indexing table 25, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the fourth lead screw 27. The fourth lead screw 27 passes through the indexing table 25 and forms a threaded engagement with the linear rack 28. The linear rack 28 is slidably mounted on a linear slide 33, which is fixed inside the indexing table 25. The teeth of the linear rack 28 mesh with the circular gear 29, which is fixed to the central rotating shaft 30. The central rotating shaft 30 is rotatably mounted inside the indexing table 25. The upper end of the central rotating shaft 30 extends out of the indexing table 25 and is fixedly connected to the graduated indexing plate 24 and the slotted indexing plate 22, respectively. When the device is running, the fourth motor 26 drives the fourth lead screw 27 to rotate, which drives the linear rack 28 to perform linear reciprocating motion, thereby driving the circular gear 29 and the central rotating shaft 30 to rotate synchronously, causing the upper plate and the workpiece to complete the angle indexing action.

[0060] The locking assembly consists of a fifth motor 35 and a cam 36. The fifth motor 35 is fixed on the indexing table 25, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the rotation center of the cam 36. When the cam 36 rotates to the locked position, its far-end arc segment is embedded in the indexing groove 23, forming a locking position on the slotted indexing plate 22, thus constituting the second locking structure and further enhancing the stability and positioning accuracy of the indexing mechanism. When the workpiece is finished and needs to be indexed again, the fifth motor 35 drives the cam 36 to rotate 180° to switch to the unlocked position. A clearance is formed between the near-end arc segment of the cam and the indexing groove 23, allowing the slotted indexing plate 22 to rotate normally with the central shaft and smoothly complete the next indexing operation.

[0061] The welding nozzle is mounted at the bottom of the laser welding head 37. The nozzle has a modular structure and can be directly threaded onto the bottom of existing laser heads, making assembly and disassembly convenient and highly versatile. The welding nozzle consists of a housing 39 and a rotor 47, both of which are cylindrical. The rotor 47 is rotatably mounted inside the housing 39. The top and bottom plates of the housing 39 each have annular grooves 44, and the top and bottom plates of the rotor 47 have corresponding annular protrusions 51. The upper and lower annular protrusions 51 are embedded in the corresponding annular grooves 44, which improves the sealing at the joint and prevents airflow and spatter leakage.

[0062] A tapered through-hole 32 is provided at the center of the rotor 47. The inner diameter of the upper inlet of the tapered through-hole 32 is relatively small, and the inner diameter gradually increases from the upper inlet to the lower outlet. The gradually enlarging aperture can form a smooth channel along the laser transmission direction, without blocking the central laser beam path, ensuring that the laser beam is stably transmitted downward to the workpiece surface without affecting normal welding operations. The tapered structure, which is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, can amplify the effective range of centrifugal force. When the rotor 47 rotates at high speed, it generates centrifugal force. Under the guidance of the inner wall of the tapered through-hole 32, the metal spatter generated during welding quickly diffuses outward, significantly improving the centrifugal effect and thus preventing spatter from flying upward.

[0063] The inner wall of the tapered through hole 32 is machined with a threaded groove 48 (Archimedes threaded groove 48).

[0064] A first partition 40 is fixed inside the outer casing 39. The first partition 40, together with the top wall, side wall, and side wall of the outer casing 39 and the rotor 47, forms an air intake chamber 42. The air intake chamber 42 is connected to an air intake pipe 43, one end of which extends out of the outer casing 39 and is connected to an air pump. Several vent holes 49 are evenly distributed around the upper end of the rotor 47, all of which are arranged inclined downwards from the outside of the rotor towards the inside. A complete air passage is set inside the rotor 47, consisting of an air passage 34 and an annular vent groove 50. The air intake chamber 42, air passage 34, annular vent groove 50, and vent holes 49 are sequentially connected to form a complete airflow passage. The high-pressure airflow output by the air pump enters the air intake chamber 42 through the air intake pipe 43, and then flows along the air passage 34 and annular vent groove 50 to each vent hole 49, finally being ejected from the inclined vent holes 49.

[0065] Inside the outer casing 39, a second partition 41 is fixed, on which a micro motor assembly 52 is mounted. The output shaft of the micro motor assembly 52 passes through the second partition 41 and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the drive gear 53. The drive gear 53 meshes with the driven gear 54, which is fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the rotor 47. The micro motor assembly 52 transmits power through the gear set, driving the rotor 47 to maintain high-speed and stable rotation.

[0066] A mounting hole is formed through the side circumference of the outer casing 39. A mounting plate 45 is detachably installed inside the mounting hole, and several heat dissipation holes 46 are formed on the mounting plate 45. During the operation of the rotor, gear, and micro motor components, heat will be continuously generated. The heat dissipation holes 46 can realize the convection of internal and external air, and promptly dissipate the heat accumulated inside the outer casing 39, preventing internal components from malfunctioning due to high temperature, ensuring the welding nozzle to operate continuously and stably for a long time. The detachable mounting plate 45 also facilitates the later inspection and maintenance of the internal transmission structure.

[0067] A flared slag-blocking cover 55 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the outer casing 39. A slag-collecting ring plate 31 is detachably mounted at the lower end of the flared slag-blocking cover 55. The inner diameter of the central through hole of the slag-collecting ring plate 31 is larger than the maximum inner diameter of the conical through hole 32, and the extension line of the conical surface of the conical through hole 32 falls completely within the groove area of ​​the slag-collecting ring plate 31. Spatter and welding slag thrown out by centrifugal force and falling along the conical through hole 32 are blocked by the flared slag-blocking cover 55 and eventually fall into the slag-collecting ring plate 31 for collection, effectively preventing spatter from scattering onto the device's workbench and work area, keeping the site clean. The slag-collecting ring plate 31 has a detachable structure, allowing workers to periodically remove it to clean up accumulated welding slag, making the operation simple and convenient.

[0068] In actual operation of the overall laser welding device, if the laser welding head 37 is installed on only one side of the gantry, after one row of workpieces is welded, the third motor assembly 21 drives the bearing plate 4 to move along the Y-axis, and the welded workpiece is transferred to the other side of the gantry for unloading. The laser welding head 37 continues to process new workpieces to be welded. The protective plate in the limiting groove 5 can separate the loading / unloading area from the welding area to prevent mutual interference. If the laser welding head 37 is installed on both sides of the gantry, the two devices can simultaneously perform welding work on the workpieces on both sides, greatly improving the overall processing efficiency. When the laser welding head 37 is installed on one side of the gantry and the laser marking head is installed on the other side, after the workpiece is welded, it moves to the marking station with the bearing plate 4. The same device can simultaneously complete the welding and laser engraving processes, simplifying the production process. When the workpiece needs to be welded at multiple angles, the rotary drive assembly drives the workpiece to rotate precisely to adjust the angle, and the locking structure ensures the accuracy of the processing position.

[0069] The welding nozzle of the present invention is installed at the bottom of the laser welding head 37. The function of the welding nozzle is to efficiently intercept, remove and collect welding spatter during the laser welding process, while preventing the spatter from contaminating the optical lens inside the laser welding head 37, thus ensuring the purity of the welding optical path and the long-term stable operation of the device.

[0070] The rotor 47 inside the welding nozzle has a tapered through-hole 32 that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. The rotor 47 is driven to rotate at high speed (typically thousands of revolutions per minute) by a micro-motor assembly 52. ​​When molten metal spatter generated during welding enters the tapered through-hole 32, the high-speed rotating cone generates a strong centrifugal force on the spatter due to the gradual radial contraction of the inner wall of the cone from bottom to top. The centrifugal force throws the spatter outward along the cone surface, preventing it from passing through the upper entrance of the tapered through-hole 32 and entering the laser welding head 37. Compared to static baffles or traditional anti-spatter lenses, this dynamic centrifugal interception method does not depend on the direction of spatter movement and can intercept particles spattered from various angles, with stable and controllable results.

[0071] A tapered through-hole 32 is formed inside the rotor 47. The inner diameter of the through-hole gradually narrows from top to bottom, and an Archimedean spiral groove, or threaded groove 48, is provided on the tapered surface of the through-hole. When the rotor 47 rotates at high speed, the welding spatter and molten slag entering the tapered through-hole 32 rotate with the rotor 47 and are subjected to radially outward centrifugal force. Constrained and guided by the groove channel of the threaded groove 48, the spatter and slag no longer move in a simple circumferential direction, but move along the direction of the threaded groove 48. Combined with the inclined structure of the tapered surface, they eventually slide downward along the tapered surface as a whole, realizing the orderly discharge of slag.

[0072] Meanwhile, the continuous and complete conical surface is divided into multiple areas by the threaded groove 48, so that the liquid metal cannot form a continuous adhesion layer on the wall, which greatly reduces the slag adhesion area and adhesion ability, and effectively avoids slag accumulation on the conical surface and blockage of the central light-transmitting area of ​​the conical through hole 32.

[0073] If the threaded groove 48 is removed, the conical surface remains smooth and intact. Liquid slag easily forms a continuous adhesion layer on the smooth wall surface, which reduces its fluidity and makes it difficult for it to slide down on its own. It will continue to adhere and accumulate, gradually reducing the effective diameter of the conical through hole 32. Some slag is also easily moved upward by airflow and rotation disturbances, interfering with the laser beam path, and the device's anti-splash and self-cleaning capabilities are greatly reduced.

[0074] The welding nozzle is equipped with an air inlet chamber 42, an annular venting groove 50, and multiple downward-sloping venting holes 49 at its top. Compressed air supplied by an external air pump passes through the air inlet chamber 42, the air passage 34, and the annular venting groove 50, and is then ejected at high speed downwards from the venting holes 49, forming an annular air curtain at the upper entrance of the conical through-hole 32. This annular air curtain can effectively block welding slag and metal particles that splash backwards from the upper end of the conical through-hole 32, preventing spatter from entering the laser welding head 37 and avoiding scratches and contamination of the internal optical lenses of the laser head, thus extending the service life of core components. The synergistic effect of the air curtain and centrifugal force intercepts the spatter, providing a protection effect far superior to single physical or pneumatic methods.

[0075] A flared slag-blocking cover 55 is fixed to the lower end of the welding nozzle, and a slag-collecting ring plate 31 is detachably installed below the flared slag-blocking cover 55. The spatter thrown out by centrifugal force falls along the conical surface, and after being blocked by the flared slag-blocking cover 55, it can fall into the groove area of ​​the slag-collecting ring plate 31. The inner diameter of the central through hole of the slag-collecting ring plate 31 is larger than the maximum inner diameter of the conical through hole 32, ensuring that it will not obstruct the normal passage of the laser beam and the welding operation. After welding, the operator can directly remove the slag-collecting ring plate 31 to remove the accumulated slag, which is convenient and quick to maintain and avoids secondary pollution caused by spatter falling on the workpiece or worktable.

[0076] The welding nozzle can be directly threaded to the nozzle position at the bottom of the existing laser welding head 37, and can quickly replace the original conventional nozzle without any modification to the laser welding head 37 itself. It is suitable for different types of laser welding devices.

[0077] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading, comprising a laser welding machine body, wherein a gantry frame and a worktable are provided on the laser welding machine body; characterized in that: The upper end of the worktable is provided with a support plate, which can slide along the Y-axis on the worktable. Several rotary indexing mechanisms are detachably provided at intervals on the upper end of the support plate, and a workpiece is provided on the upper end of each rotary indexing mechanism. Mounting plates are provided on both sides of the gantry frame. Each mounting plate can slide along the X-axis and along the Z-axis on the gantry frame. At least one mounting plate has a laser welding head on its side end, and the laser welding head is located above the workpiece. The bottom end of the laser welding head is provided with a welding nozzle, which includes a shell and a rotor rotatably disposed inside the shell. A conical through hole is opened in the middle of the rotor, and the inner diameter of the conical through hole gradually increases from the upper inlet to the lower outlet. A spiral groove is opened on the inner wall of the conical through hole. A first partition is fixedly provided inside the shell. The first partition, the top wall of the shell, the side wall of the shell, and the side wall of the rotor surround to form an air intake chamber. The air intake chamber is connected to the air intake pipe. Several vent holes are opened circumferentially inside the upper end of the rotor. Each vent hole is inclined downward from the outside of the rotor to the inside of the rotor. An air passage is provided inside the rotor. The air intake chamber, the air passage, and the vent holes are connected in sequence. An air pump is provided at the end of the air intake pipe that extends out of the shell.

2. The laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gantry is fixedly provided with a first upper slide rail and a first lower slide rail along the X-axis. A first motor assembly is fixedly provided at the side end of the first upper slide rail and the first lower slide rail. There is an accommodating space between the first upper slide rail and the first lower slide rail. The first lower slide rail is slidably connected to the first lower slide block. The first upper slide rail is slidably connected to the first upper slide block. The first lower slide block is fixedly connected to the first upper slide block. The output shaft of the first motor assembly is fixedly connected to the first lead screw. The first lead screw and the first lower slide block are threadedly connected to each other. Mounting plates are fixedly provided on both sides of the first upper slide block.

3. The laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each mounting plate has a second slide rail fixedly provided on its outer end along the Z-axis direction. Each second slide rail has a second motor assembly at its upper end. The second slide rail is slidably connected to the second slider. The output shaft of the second motor assembly is fixedly connected to the second lead screw. The second lead screw and the second slider are threadedly connected to each other. The second slider is connected to the fixed plate.

4. The laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The worktable is fixedly provided with two sets of sliding components along the Y-axis direction; A set of sliding components includes a third motor assembly, a third upper slide rail, and a third lower slide rail. The third motor assembly is fixedly mounted on the side end of the third upper slide rail and the third lower slide rail. An accommodating space is left between the third upper slide rail and the third lower slide rail. The third lower slide rail is slidably connected to the third lower slide rail. The third upper slide rail is slidably connected to the third upper slide rail. The third lower slide rail is fixedly connected to the third upper slide rail. The output shaft of the third motor assembly is fixedly connected to the third lead screw. The third lead screw and the third lower slide rail are threadedly connected to each other. The bearing plate is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the third upper slide rail. Another sliding component includes a third upper slide rail and a third lower slide rail, with an accommodating space between the third upper slide rail and the third lower slide rail. The third lower slide rail is slidably connected to the third lower slide rail, the third upper slide rail is slidably connected to the third upper slide rail, the third lower slide rail is fixedly connected to the third upper slide rail, and the support plate is fixedly provided at the upper end of the third upper slide rail. A limiting groove is formed in the middle of the support plate along the X-axis direction.

5. A laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air passage includes an air passage and an air groove. An annular air groove is provided circumferentially inside the upper end of the rotor. An air passage is provided inside the rotor. The air inlet chamber, the air passage, the annular air groove, and several air holes are connected in sequence.

6. A laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell is cylindrical, and the rotor is cylindrical; The top and bottom plates of the outer casing are respectively provided with annular grooves, and the top and bottom plates of the rotor are respectively provided with annular protrusions. The annular protrusions at the top and bottom are respectively embedded in the annular grooves at the top and bottom. The inner side of the outer shell is fixedly provided with a second partition, and a micro motor assembly is provided on the second partition. The output shaft of the micro motor assembly passes through the second partition and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the drive gear. The drive gear and the driven gear mesh with each other, and the driven gear is fixedly provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor. An assembly hole is provided through the side circumference of the outer shell, and an assembly plate is embedded in the assembly hole. The assembly plate is detachably connected to the outer shell, and a number of heat dissipation holes are provided on the assembly plate.

7. A laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the outer shell is fixedly provided with a flared slag-blocking cover, and the lower end of the flared slag-blocking cover is detachably provided with a slag-collecting ring plate. The inner diameter of the central through hole of the slag-collecting ring plate is larger than the maximum inner diameter of the conical through hole, and the extension line of the conical surface of the conical through hole falls within the groove area of ​​the slag-collecting ring plate.

8. A laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary indexing mechanism includes a slotted indexing plate, a graduated indexing plate, an indexing worktable, and a rotary drive assembly. The indexing worktable is detachably connected to the support plate. The rotary drive assembly is arranged inside the indexing worktable. The slotted indexing plate and the graduated indexing plate are arranged sequentially from bottom to top on the upper end of the indexing worktable. A locking assembly is also installed on the indexing worktable. The locking assembly is used to lock and position the slotted indexing plate. The rotary drive assembly includes a fourth motor, a fourth lead screw, a linear rack, a circular gear, and a central rotating shaft. The fourth motor is mounted externally on the indexing table, and the output shaft of the fourth motor is fixedly connected to the fourth lead screw. The fourth lead screw passes through the indexing table and is threadedly connected to the linear rack. The linear rack is slidably mounted on a linear slide, which is fixedly located inside the indexing table. One side of the linear rack's teeth meshes with the outer side of the circular gear's teeth. The circular gear is fixedly connected to the central rotating shaft, which is rotatably located inside the indexing table. The upper end of the central rotating shaft passes through and extends out of the indexing table, and the central rotating shaft is fixedly connected to both the graduated indexing plate and the slotted indexing plate.

9. A laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer circumference of the graduated dial is marked with angle scale markings.

10. A laser welding device adapted for loading and unloading materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer edge of the slotted indexing plate is evenly provided with several indexing slots along the circumferential direction. The locking assembly includes a fifth motor and a cam; the fifth motor is fixed on the indexing worktable, and the output shaft of the fifth motor is fixedly connected to the rotation center hole of the cam; when the cam rotates to the locked position, its far rest arc segment is embedded in the indexing groove to achieve positioning; when the cam rotates 180° to the unlocked position, its near rest arc segment forms an avoidance gap with the indexing groove.

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