A medicament, system and method for efficient removal of arsenic and antimony from arsenic and antimony-containing mine tailings water

Abstract

This invention discloses a reagent, system, and method for efficient removal of arsenic and antimony from tailings water in arsenic- and antimony-containing mines, belonging to the field of mine wastewater treatment technology. The arsenic and antimony removal reagent mainly comprises polyferric sulfate, titanium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride, while the arsenic and antimony removal system mainly includes a storage tank for arsenic and antimony-containing wastewater, a pH adjustment tank, a Tesla valve-type open channel structure, a sedimentation tank, and an external discharge outlet. The arsenic and antimony removal method of this invention perfectly couples the arsenic and antimony removal reagent with the arsenic and antimony removal system. It utilizes the high-intensity, long-term three-dimensional vortex mixing of the Tesla valve-type open channel structure to enhance mass transfer and perfectly match the coordination, coagulation, and floc compaction reactions during the arsenic and antimony removal process, fully leveraging the arsenic and antimony removal performance of the reagent to improve the removal effect, increase the utilization rate of the reagent, and reduce its consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an agent, system, and method for the efficient removal of arsenic and antimony from tailings water in arsenic- and antimony-containing mines. Specifically, it relates to an efficient agent for the removal of arsenic and antimony from mine tailings water, a system for the efficient removal of arsenic and antimony from mine tailings water equipped with a Tesla valve-type open channel structure, and a method for the efficient removal of arsenic and antimony from mine tailings water by combining a special arsenic and antimony removal agent with a Tesla valve-type open channel structure to enhance the arsenic and antimony removal reaction. This invention belongs to the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment technology for mine tailings. Background Technology

[0002] Tailings wastewater from non-ferrous metal mines commonly suffers from excessive levels of antimony and arsenic. In typical mining areas, the antimony concentration in the raw water ranges from 0.450 to 0.756 mg / L, while arsenic levels can reach as high as 2 mg / L. Direct discharge poses a significant ecological risk. For example, at the Chehe tailings wastewater treatment plant of Tongkeng Mining, the antimony concentration in the initial dam and old culvert areas exceeds the standard. The antimony concentration in the initial dam reaches 0.450 mg / L, and in the old culvert, it reaches 0.570 mg / L, indicating a high risk of environmental discharge. The industry's conventional treatment route involves pH adjustment, addition of antimony and arsenic removal agents, and flocculation sedimentation. However, existing agents and hydraulic mixing equipment have multiple shortcomings, and the two cannot be matched and coordinated effectively, resulting in poor overall treatment stability and high operating costs.

[0003] The defects of common arsenic and antimony removal agents in the existing technology are: (1) Single iron salts rely solely on physical adsorption to capture dissolved antimony, resulting in extremely low removal efficiency. The antimony concentration in the treated water is still as high as 0.3~0.6 mg / L; (2) Some sulfur-containing organic compound arsenic and antimony removal agents are prone to causing water bodies to turn black and generate secondary sulfur pollution, resulting in high subsequent treatment costs; (3) Conventional arsenic and antimony removal agents are difficult to form stable complexes with pentavalent antimony. At the same time, the small antimony particles formed are difficult to aggregate and settle. The dosage of the agent is large, the treatment cost is high, and the flocs are loose and settle slowly, making it easy for antimony in the bottom sediment to dissolve again.

[0004] The shortcomings of existing reagent mixing equipment are as follows: (1) Mechanical stirring and mixing: large flow rate of 100~3600t / h tailings water requires high-power motors, and it is difficult to lay power supply lines for remote tailings dams. The equipment is easily blocked by sludge, and the operation and maintenance and electricity costs are high; (2) Conventional straight / simple deflection channel: only weak turbulence is generated, the radial mixing of reagents is insufficient, local reagents are enriched or missing, the reaction is not sufficient, the antimony in the effluent fluctuates greatly, and the amount of reagent added is forced to be increased; (3) Insufficient hydraulic residence time: conventional structures cannot guarantee a reaction time of more than 6 minutes, which leads to the complex particles not being able to fully collide with the flocs and grow, resulting in poor sedimentation effect; (4) Poor flow rate adaptation and emergency construction: the flow rate of tailings ponds fluctuates greatly during the flood season, and single-channel structures cannot be used for sectional dredging. The antimony released by the silt will cause secondary pollution; the construction cycle of special mixing pools is long and the area is large, which cannot meet the emergency needs of tailings ponds for emergency water release. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical deficiencies of existing arsenic and antimony removal agents, the first objective of this invention is to provide an antimony removal agent for arsenic and antimony-containing mine tailings water. This agent utilizes titanium sulfate to coordinate and fix antimony, polyferric sulfate and polyaluminum chloride for synergistic coagulation, and magnesium sulfate to form dense flocs. Through the synergistic effect of these components, the antimony removal efficiency in arsenic and antimony-containing mine tailings water is improved, and arsenic is simultaneously and efficiently removed. Furthermore, this arsenic and antimony removal agent has advantages such as low dosage, significant arsenic and antimony removal effect, stable treatment effect, and low cost.

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing reagent mixing equipment, the second objective of this invention is to provide an arsenic and antimony removal system for tailings water in arsenic- and antimony-containing mines. This system utilizes a Tesla valve-type open channel structure to achieve a powerful mixing reaction between the tailings water and the antimony removal reagent. This not only enables passive mixing without power, significantly reducing operating and maintenance costs, but also achieves precise matching between the arsenic and antimony removal reagent and the hydraulic structure, ensuring sufficient mass transfer reaction, improving the utilization rate of the arsenic and antimony removal reagent, and reducing the consumption of the reagent.

[0007] To address the technical disconnect between existing arsenic and antimony removal agents and hydraulic mixing equipment, the third objective of this invention is to provide a highly efficient method for removing arsenic and antimony from tailings water in arsenic- and antimony-containing mines. This method perfectly couples a special arsenic and antimony removal agent with an arsenic and antimony removal system equipped with a Tesla valve-type open channel structure. Utilizing the high-intensity, long-term three-dimensional vortex mixing of the Tesla valve-type open channel structure, the mass transfer is enhanced to perfectly match the three-step reaction produced by the arsenic and antimony removal agent: titanium sulfate coordination, polyferric sulfate and polyaluminum chloride coagulation, and magnesium sulfate floc compaction. This fully leverages the arsenic and antimony removal performance of the agent, thereby improving the arsenic and antimony removal effect, increasing the utilization rate of the agent, and reducing the consumption of the agent.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides an arsenic and antimony removal agent for tailings water from arsenic- and antimony-containing mines, which comprises polyferric sulfate, titanium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride.

[0009] The main active ingredients of the antimony removal agent of this invention include polyferric sulfate, titanium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride. Titanium sulfate primarily forms titanium hydroxyl oxide flocs through hydrolysis, which have a large specific surface area, well-developed pore structure, and excellent charge neutralization and Ti-Sb coordination complexing capabilities. Polyferric sulfate and polyaluminum chloride hydrolyze to form highly active hydroxyl complexes, which, through electrostatic adsorption and physical trapping, form stable metal complex flocs with pentavalent antimony. Magnesium sulfate is introduced to improve the density of the floc structure, thereby improving sedimentation performance, reducing the dosage of the agent, and increasing the sedimentation rate and effluent clarity.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the arsenic and antimony removal agent comprises the following components by mass percentage: 5-10% polyferric sulfate; 0.1-0.5% titanium sulfate; 0.05-0.20% magnesium sulfate; 0.05-0.20% polyaluminum chloride; and water, the content of which is adjusted to a total mass of 100%. As a more preferred embodiment, the arsenic and antimony removal agent is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 7-8% polyferric sulfate; 0.2-0.4% titanium sulfate; 0.08-0.15% magnesium sulfate; 0.08-0.15% polyaluminum chloride; and the balance being water. The proportions of each component in the arsenic and antimony removal agent of this invention are optimized. The dosage of titanium sulfate is appropriately adjusted based on the antimony content in the wastewater, which facilitates the full complexation and conversion of antimony in the wastewater into Ti-Sb complex particles. Polyferric sulfate has a relatively high mass proportion in the arsenic and antimony removal agent. As the main coagulant component, it generates hydroxyl complexes through hydrolysis, which utilize adsorption bridging to cause the Ti-Sb complex particles to coagulate and form metal complex flocs. If its dosage is too low, it is difficult to effectively flocculate the Ti-Sb complex particles; if its dosage is too high, it is difficult to further improve the flocculation effect, resulting in high agent consumption. Polyferric sulfate combined with an appropriate amount of magnesium sulfate can compress the double electric layer, promoting denser flocs. Polyaluminum chloride is used as a secondary coagulant, added in small amounts, mainly to accelerate the settling rate of the flocs through methods such as netting and sedimentation. The arsenic and antimony removal agent composed of these agents in appropriate proportions can achieve efficient removal of antimony from wastewater while reducing agent consumption.

[0011] The preparation process of the arsenic and antimony removal agent of the present invention is as follows: Polyferric sulfate, titanium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and polyaluminum chloride are added to water and stirred at 100~200 r / min for 30~60 min at room temperature until all components are completely dissolved.

[0012] This invention also provides an arsenic and antimony removal system for tailings water in arsenic-antimony mines, which includes, in sequence along the water flow direction, a tailings dam wastewater pool, a pH adjustment pool, a Tesla valve open channel structure, a sedimentation pool, and an external discharge outlet; the Tesla valve open channel structure includes 2 to 5 parallel Tesla valve channels, each Tesla valve channel being composed of 3 to 7 Tesla valve units connected in series, and each Tesla valve unit including a straight main channel, a 45° inclined deflector wall, and an inlet diversion wedge.

[0013] The Tesla valve unit of this invention features a multi-scale forced vortex confluence zone formed by a 45° oblique deflection baffle wall and an inlet diversion wedge, which enhances the mixing of arsenic and antimony removal agents with arsenic and antimony-containing wastewater, thus completely eliminating the technical problem of local agent enrichment / deficiency.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the width of the Tesla valve waterway is 3.0~4.5m.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the length of the Tesla valve unit is 3.0~5.0m.

[0016] The Tesla valve unit of this invention has a length of 3.0~5.0m. After being connected in multiple stages, it ensures a total channel length of ≥15m and a hydraulic retention time of ≥6min, guaranteeing the full completion of the three-step reactions of Ti-Sb coordination, iron-aluminum coagulation, and magnesium sulfate floc compaction. In particular, the high-intensity, long-term three-dimensional vortex mixing of the Tesla valve unit enhances mass transfer, ensuring the full release of the arsenic and antimony removal agent's activity and solving the problem of low agent utilization caused by insufficient mass transfer in traditional mixing equipment.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the inlet end of the pH adjustment tank is provided with a pH adjustment agent dosing point.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the inlet end of the first-stage Tesla valve unit of each Tesla valve channel in the Tesla valve open channel structure is provided with an arsenic and antimony removal agent dosing point, and the inlet end of the last-stage Tesla valve unit is provided with a flocculant dosing point.

[0019] In the Tesla valve open channel structure of the present invention, each parallel Tesla valve water inlet is independently equipped with a diversion gate. When the flow rate is high (1000~3600t / h), all waterways are opened. When the flow rate is low (100~900t / h), only 1~2 waterways are opened, and the remaining waterways are shut down for bottom sediment dredging, so that the water treatment process is uninterrupted.

[0020] The Tesla valve-type open channel structure of this invention adopts two construction modes: In emergency situations, sandbags filled with sand and gravel are used for construction, with the sandbags covered with impermeable geotextile. In long-term situations, concrete is poured integrally after the sandbags are shaped, with the inlet diversion wedge, 45° inclined reversing retaining wall, and waterway sidewalls integrally cast and formed, with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer on the surface. Impermeable geotextile is laid and compacted at the bottom of the open channel, and the spacing between intercepting dams is shortened among multi-stage Tesla valve units to enhance hydraulic circulation mixing. In the Tesla valve unit, the top height of the 45° inclined reversing retaining wall is higher than the highest design water level of the open channel structure. The inlet diversion wedge has a triangular structure, splitting the inlet water into a forward main flow and a side reversing flow. The side flow flows in the opposite direction along the 45° inclined retaining wall, forming a forced three-dimensional vortex with the main flow in the vortex confluence area, achieving comprehensive mass transfer mixing of the reagents and tailings water.

[0021] This invention also provides a method for efficient removal of arsenic and antimony from tailings water in arsenic-antimony mines, wherein the tailings water is subjected to integrated arsenic and antimony removal through an arsenic and antimony removal system.

[0022] Arsenic- and antimony-containing tailings wastewater from the tailings pond first enters the pH adjustment tank, where it is mixed with added pH adjustment agents to adjust its pH to 8-9. The effluent from the pH adjustment tank enters the Tesla valve open channel structure and is diverted into each Tesla valve channel. It is first mixed with the arsenic- and antimony removal agents added to the first-stage Tesla valve unit and undergoes a strong mixing reaction in multiple Tesla valve units before entering the final-stage Tesla valve unit for strong mixing and flocculation with added flocculants. The effluent from the Tesla valve open channel structure enters the sedimentation tank for settling. Once the clear water at the top of the sedimentation tank meets the standards, it is discharged from the external outlet.

[0023] The process for removing arsenic and antimony from arsenic- and antimony-containing tailings wastewater of the present invention: Before the arsenic- and antimony-containing tailings wastewater enters the Tesla valve open channel structure, the pH is pre-adjusted to 8-9 to provide the optimal alkaline environment for the coordination reaction between titanium sulfate and antimony. Arsenic and antimony removal agents are added when the arsenic- and antimony-containing tailings wastewater enters the Tesla valve-type open channel structure. Relying on the special structure of the Tesla valve unit, high-intensity and long-term three-dimensional vortex mixing is generated to enhance mass transfer, completing the Ti-Sb coordination precipitation, iron-aluminum coagulation, and magnesium sulfate floc compaction reaction of the arsenic and antimony removal agents. More specifically, under the action of the three-dimensional vortex, titanium sulfate is rapidly hydrolyzed into titanium hydroxy oxides and coordinates with dissolved antimony to generate stable micro-antimony particles. The hydrolysis products of polyferric sulfate and polyaluminum chloride capture titanium-antimony particles through electrostatic adsorption, and magnesium sulfate compresses the double electric layer to form dense flocs. Before the water enters the last stage Tesla valve unit, flocculants are added and mixed again through the three-dimensional vortex, causing the micro-metal complex particles to aggregate into large-sized dense arsenic and antimony-loaded flocs. Finally, the reacted water flows into the sedimentation tank for static settling. The supernatant with arsenic and antimony levels meets the standards and is discharged. The bottom sludge of the heavy metal flocs is collected and subjected to harmless and stable treatment.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, the antimony concentration in the arsenic-antimony tailings wastewater is 0.4~1.6 mg / L and the arsenic concentration does not exceed 2.2 mg / L.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, the dosage of the arsenic-antimony removal agent relative to the arsenic-antimony-containing tailings wastewater is 0.2~6.0 g / L.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic retention time of the effluent from the pH adjustment tank within the Tesla valve-type open channel structure is ≥6 min.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment, the settling time is 10-20 minutes.

[0028] The pH of the arsenic-antimony tailings wastewater of this invention is preferentially adjusted to 8-9, mainly to provide a suitable alkaline environment for the Ti-Sb coordination complexation reaction between titanium sulfate and antimony in the water.

[0029] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] (1) The arsenic and antimony removal agent of the present invention has synergistic and efficient components, achieving simultaneous and deep removal of arsenic and antimony. The titanium-based component fixes antimony, iron-aluminum coagulation, and magnesium sulfate dense flocs. It can treat mine tailings wastewater containing arsenic and antimony with an initial antimony concentration of 0.4~1.6 mg / L to an antimony concentration of ≤0.1 mg / L. The antimony removal rate is up to 97.8% in small laboratory tests and ≥80% in industrial settings. The effluent antimony concentration is as low as 0.010 mg / L. It removes arsenic simultaneously and efficiently. Under the same treatment effect, the agent dosage is reduced by 15%~30%, and the treatment cost is significantly reduced. Compared with single polyferric sulfate and iron-titanium binary agents, the antimony removal performance of the quaternary compound system is improved several times.

[0031] (2) The arsenic and antimony removal system for tailings water in arsenic-antimony mines of the present invention is designed with a Tesla valve open channel structure, which can not only achieve passive mixing without power, greatly reducing the operation and maintenance costs, but also enhance mass transfer and improve the arsenic and antimony removal effect of the arsenic and antimony removal agent. The Tesla valve open channel structure generates a three-dimensional strong vortex by relying on the kinetic energy of the water flow itself, without the need for energy-consuming equipment such as stirring and aeration, and there is no electricity expenditure under the high flow rate of 3600t / h. Remote tailings dams do not need to lay power supply lines, and there is no problem of motor and stirring paddle blockage and maintenance, which is suitable for open-air humid and corrosive mining environment.

[0032] (3) The arsenic and antimony removal system of the present invention precisely matches and perfectly couples the arsenic and antimony removal agent with the hydraulic structure, which greatly improves the arsenic and antimony removal effect. By using the Tesla valve open channel structure to form a three-dimensional vortex to enhance mass transfer, it can completely eliminate local agent enrichment / deficiency. Moreover, by designing multi-stage Tesla valve units in series, it can extend the hydraulic residence time to ≥6min and fully cover the three-step reaction of Ti-Sb coordination, iron-aluminum coagulation, and magnesium sulfate floc compaction, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the arsenic and antimony removal agent and solving the problem of low agent utilization caused by insufficient mass transfer in traditional mixing equipment.

[0033] (4) The antimony removal system of the present invention is designed with multiple parallel Tesla valve channels, which can not only adapt to the full flow fluctuation of 100~3600t / h, but also allow the channels to be shut down for sludge removal when the flow is low, while the main channel continues to operate without interrupting the tailings drainage operation, thus avoiding the long-term accumulation of bottom mud and the leaching of antimony, and greatly reducing the environmental risk. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the arsenic and antimony removal system of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the Tesla valve unit structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments are only used to explain the content of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0037] The structural schematic diagram of the arsenic and antimony removal system and Tesla valve unit of the present invention is shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown. The arsenic and antimony removal system, along the water flow direction (4), includes the following main units in sequence: arsenic and antimony-containing wastewater storage tank (1), pH adjustment tank (3), Tesla valve open channel structure, sedimentation tank (9), and external discharge outlet (11). The Tesla valve open channel structure includes 3 or 4 parallel Tesla valve channels, each Tesla valve channel (6) consisting of 5 or 7 Tesla valve units connected in series ( Figure 2 The structure consists of only the first-stage Tesla valve unit and the last-stage Tesla valve unit. Each Tesla valve unit includes a straight main channel (12), a 45° inclined deflector wall (14), and an inlet diversion wedge (13). The inlet diversion wedge divides the water flow in the straight main channel into direct flow and side flow. The direct flow is guided by the 45° inclined deflector wall and mixes with the side flow to form a vortex confluence area (7). The width of the Tesla valve channel is 3.5m; the length of the Tesla valve unit is 4.0m. The inlet of the pH adjustment tank is provided with a pH adjustment agent dosing point (2); the inlet of the first-stage Tesla valve unit of each Tesla valve channel in the Tesla valve open channel structure is provided with an arsenic and antimony removal agent dosing point (5), and the inlet of the last-stage Tesla valve unit is provided with a flocculant dosing point (8).

[0038] The process of removing arsenic and antimony in the arsenic and antimony removal system of the present invention is as follows: the arsenic and antimony-containing tailings wastewater in the tailings pond wastewater pool (1) first enters the pH adjustment pool (3) and is mixed with the added pH adjustment agent (lime) to adjust its pH to 8~9; the effluent from the pH adjustment pool enters the Tesla valve type open channel structure and is diverted into each Tesla valve waterway, first mixed with the added arsenic and antimony removal agent in the first stage Tesla valve unit and after strong mixing reaction in multiple stages Tesla valve units, it enters the last stage Tesla valve unit and is strongly mixed and flocculated with the added flocculant; the effluent from the Tesla valve type open channel structure enters the sedimentation tank for settling, and after the upper layer of clear water in the sedimentation tank meets the standard, the external discharge valve (10) is opened and discharged from the external discharge port (11).

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Emergency antimony removal process using temporary sandbag construction (tailings dam emptying and dewatering, 700~800t / h).

[0041] Preparation of arsenic and antimony removal agent: The composite arsenic and antimony removal agent was prepared by mixing and stirring at room temperature for 40 min according to the following mass percentages: 7.7% polyferric sulfate, 0.3% titanium sulfate, 0.1% magnesium sulfate, 0.1% polyaluminum chloride, and 91.8% water.

[0042] Open channel renovation: Select the existing 3.5m wide open drainage channel downstream of the tailings overflow well, and set up 3 parallel Tesla valve channels. Each Tesla valve channel is 3.5m wide and has 5 Tesla valve units connected in series. The length of each stage is 4m, the total mixing section length is 20m, and the hydraulic retention time is 6.5min. Flood control sandbags are filled with river sand, wrapped with impermeable geotextile, and a 45° inclined folding retaining wall is built. Wooden inlet diversion wedges are installed at the inlet end, and the bottom of the channel is fully covered with impermeable geotextile and compacted.

[0043] Process operation: pH is maintained at 8.5~9.0 at the lime dosing port; compound arsenic and antimony removal agent is added at a dosage of 0.4g / L wastewater; anionic PAM is added at the end of the mixing section (addition amount 0.0055g / L); all three channels are fully open at full flow, and two channels are closed for sludge removal when the water flow drops to 450t / h.

[0044] Treatment results: Continuous treatment of 30,000 tons of tailings water, with raw water antimony at 0.450~0.756 mg / L and arsenic at 0.19~2.15 mg / L; effluent antimony stable at 0.09~0.12 mg / L, removal rate ≥82%; arsenic simultaneously meets standards, effluent arsenic stable at 0.05~0.15 mg / L, removal rate ≥73%; reagent consumption per unit is reduced by 22% compared to straight open channels, and there is no energy consumption for mixing equipment.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] Long-term process for permanent curing of concrete (3600t / h high-flow-rate normalized drainage).

[0047] Basic structure: Based on the sandbag shaping in Example 1, the entire structure is made of reinforced concrete. The inlet diversion wedge, 45° inclined folding retaining wall, and side walls are integrally formed and coated with an epoxy wear-resistant and anti-corrosion layer. It is adjusted to 4 parallel waterways, with a single waterway width of 4.0m, a single-stage unit length of 5m, and 7 stages of units connected in series in a single waterway, with a total mixing length of 28m. The inlet is replaced with a steel diversion gate, online pH and antimony concentration monitoring points are added, and the spacing between the unit interception dams is shortened to enhance hydraulic mixing.

[0048] Operating parameters: pH stabilized at 7.8~8.5 with lime addition; dosage of compound arsenic and antimony removal agent (refer to Example 1) 200kg / h, PAM dosage 10kg / h; continuous full-load operation at 3600t / h for 7 days.

[0049] Treatment results: The highest antimony concentration in the raw water was 0.756 mg / L and the arsenic concentration was 0.1942 mg / L; the antimony concentration in the effluent was consistently below 0.1 mg / L and the arsenic concentration was below 0.03 mg / L; at low flow rates, any 1-2 channels can be shut down for dredging without interrupting tailings dewatering, and the risk of antimony leaching from the bottom sediment is significantly reduced.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] Based on Example 1, the arsenic and antimony removal effects of different arsenic and antimony removal agents were investigated. The specific procedures and conditions were the same as in Example 1.

[0052] The initial antimony concentration in the test water sample was 0.7514 mg / L, the pH was controlled between 8.0 and 8.5, and the dosage of the antimony removal agent was 0.4 g / L. The three agent systems were compared:

[0053]

[0054] Polyferric sulfate alone exhibits extremely weak antimony removal capabilities, reducing the antimony concentration in the treated water sample only from 0.7514 mg / L to 0.7023 mg / L, failing to achieve effective purification. This is because traditional iron salts rely solely on physical adsorption and trapping, resulting in poor stability of dissolved antimony binding. Introducing titanium sulfate as a compound significantly improves the antimony removal performance, reducing the effluent antimony concentration to 0.4534 mg / L, indicating that the titanium-based component can enhance the fixation and removal of antimony through coordination and complexation. Furthermore, the addition of magnesium sulfate and polyaluminum chloride demonstrates a significant synergistic effect among the multiple agents, greatly enhancing the system's charge neutralization, floc adsorption, and coordination solidification capabilities, reducing the effluent antimony concentration to 0.1203 mg / L, showcasing optimal antimony pollution removal performance.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] Long-term continuous industrial stability test:

[0057] The system has a processing flow rate of 3600 t / h, operates continuously for 7.5 hours, and processes a total of 27,000 tons of water. The peak antimony concentration in the raw water is 0.7564 mg / L. Lime is used to maintain the pH at 7.5–8.5 throughout the process.

[0058] The complete open channel process of the present invention, which combines arsenic and antimony removal agent with concrete curing Tesla valve, is described. Specific process conditions and flow are detailed in Example 2, and the arsenic and antimony removal agent is referenced in Example 1. Operational data shows that after treatment, antimony levels remained consistently below 0.1 mg / L, with a minimum of 0.0977 mg / L; arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.0239 to 0.0769 mg / L, fluctuating only slightly with water flow disturbances. The overall treatment effect was stable and suitable for long-term continuous drainage management in mines.

Claims

1. An arsenic and antimony removal agent for tailings water from arsenic- and antimony-containing mines, characterized in that: It contains polyferric sulfate, titanium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride.

2. The arsenic and antimony removal agent for tailings water from arsenic-containing antimony mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: It contains the following components by weight percentage: Polyferric sulfate 5~10%; Titanium sulfate 0.1~0.5%; Magnesium sulfate 0.05~0.20%; Polyaluminum chloride 0.05~0.20%; Water, the content of which is adjusted to 100% of the total mass.

3. The arsenic and antimony removal agent for tailings water from arsenic- and antimony-containing mines according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Composed of the following components by mass percentage: Polyferric sulfate 7-8%; Titanium sulfate 0.2~0.4%; Magnesium sulfate 0.08~0.15%; Polyaluminum chloride 0.08~0.15%; The remainder is water.

4. A system for removing arsenic and antimony from tailings water in arsenic- and antimony-containing mines, characterized in that: Along the direction of water flow, it includes a tailings dam wastewater pond, a pH adjustment pond, a Tesla valve open channel structure, a sedimentation pond, and an external discharge outlet. The Tesla valve open channel structure includes 2 to 5 parallel Tesla valve channels. Each Tesla valve channel is composed of 3 to 7 Tesla valve units connected in series. Each Tesla valve unit includes a straight main channel, a 45° inclined deflector wall, and an inlet diversion wedge.

5. The arsenic and antimony removal system for tailings water in arsenic-containing antimony mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The width of the Tesla valve waterway is 3.0~4.5m; The Tesla valve unit has a length of 3.0~5.0m.

6. The arsenic and antimony removal system for tailings water in arsenic-containing antimony mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pH adjustment tank is equipped with a pH adjustment agent dosing point at its inlet end; In the Tesla valve open channel structure, the inlet end of the first-stage Tesla valve unit of each Tesla valve channel is equipped with an arsenic and antimony removal agent dosing point, and the inlet end of the last-stage Tesla valve unit is equipped with a flocculant dosing point.

7. A method for efficient removal of arsenic and antimony from tailings water in arsenic- and antimony-containing mines, characterized in that: The tailings water from arsenic- and antimony-containing mines undergoes integrated arsenic and antimony removal using the arsenic and antimony removal system described in any one of claims 4 to 6. Arsenic- and antimony-containing tailings wastewater in the tailings pond first enters the pH adjustment tank and is mixed with added pH adjustment agents to adjust its pH to 8-9. The effluent from the pH adjustment tank enters the Tesla valve type open channel structure and is diverted into each Tesla valve channel. It is first mixed with the arsenic and antimony removal agent as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 added to the first-stage Tesla valve unit and undergoes a strong mixing reaction in multiple Tesla valve units before entering the last-stage Tesla valve unit to undergo strong mixing and flocculation with the added flocculant. The effluent from the Tesla valve type open channel structure enters the sedimentation tank for settling. After the clear water in the upper layer of the sedimentation tank meets the standards, it is discharged from the external outlet.

8. The method for efficient removal of arsenic and antimony from tailings water in arsenic- and antimony-containing mines according to claim 7, characterized in that: The antimony concentration in the arsenic-antimony tailings wastewater is 0.4~1.6 mg / L, and the arsenic concentration does not exceed 2.2 mg / L; The dosage of the arsenic and antimony removal agent relative to the arsenic and antimony-containing tailings wastewater is 0.2~6.0 g / L.

9. The method for efficient removal of arsenic and antimony from tailings water in arsenic- and antimony-containing mines according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydraulic retention time of the effluent from the pH adjustment tank within the Tesla valve-type open channel structure is ≥6 min.

10. The method for efficient removal of arsenic and antimony from tailings water in arsenic- and antimony-containing mines according to claim 7, characterized in that: The settling time is 10-20 minutes.

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