Lactobacillus plantarum and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a lactobacillus plantarum and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum The strain is lactobacillus plantarum (LPF1) and is preserved in the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center with a preservation number of GDMCC No:68348. The lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 can effectively improve hyperlipidemia of a body, regulate lipid metabolism, and also can efficiently and directionally convert phlorizin and trilobatin into high-activity phloretin, can be used for preparing functional food and biological medicine products for improving hyperlipidemia, and also provides a new way for green and large-scale preparation of phloretin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microbial technology, specifically to a strain of *Lactobacillus plantarum* that possesses both lipid-lowering functions and can efficiently convert phlorizin and trifolin into phloritin. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPF1 and its application in the preparation of products for improving hyperlipidemia and in the biological preparation of phloretin. Background Technology

[0002] Hyperlipidemia is a group of lipid metabolism disorders characterized by abnormally high levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It is a core independent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and fatty liver.

[0003] Currently, clinical interventions for hyperlipidemia are mainly divided into two categories: pharmacological intervention and lifestyle intervention. Lifestyle intervention, however, has a long duration, slow onset of action, poor patient compliance, and difficulty in achieving effective lipid regulation. Mainstream lipid-lowering drugs in clinical practice are primarily statins, fibrates, and PCSK9 inhibitors, which, while possessing clear lipid-lowering effects, have significant technical limitations and application restrictions. Natural active ingredients for lipid-lowering have become a research hotspot in the field of functional intervention for hyperlipidemia due to their high safety, few side effects, and long-term intervention capabilities. Phlorizin and trifolin are natural dihydrochalcone active substances widely found in plants such as apples, *Crassula ovata*, and crabapples, possessing various biological activities such as regulating lipid metabolism, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and cardiovascular protection, showing great application potential in the field of hyperlipidemia intervention. However, existing research confirms that phlorizin and trifolin suffer from core defects such as low bioavailability and weak in vivo activity. Their own lipid-lowering and vascular-protective activities are far lower than their metabolites, making them difficult to efficiently absorb and utilize after oral administration, greatly limiting their industrial application in lipid-lowering functional products and drugs.

[0004] Phlorin is a key active metabolite of phlorizin and trifolin, exhibiting stronger lipid solubility and cell membrane penetration compared to its precursors, resulting in significantly improved bioavailability. Furthermore, phlorin can regulate lipid metabolism through multiple pathways, inhibiting lipid synthesis, promoting lipid breakdown and excretion, improving insulin resistance, and reducing vascular endothelial inflammation. Its lipid-lowering activity and physiological efficacy are far superior to phlorizin and trifolin, making it an ideal natural lipid-lowering active ingredient. However, the content of phlorin in natural plants is currently extremely low, making direct extraction costly and yielding very low results. Chemical synthesis methods suffer from complex processes, severe pollution, low product purity, and the risk of chemical residues, hindering large-scale production and widespread application. Existing technologies provide some microbial products capable of converting phlorizin into phlorin, but these are all enzymes derived from molds or fungi. Their safety is questionable, and their convertible substrates are limited, with conversion efficiency still needing improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the significant side effects and limited safety of long-term use of clinical chemical lipid-lowering drugs; the weak lipid-lowering activity and low bioavailability of natural phlorizin and trifolin, limiting their practical application value; the high cost, significant pollution, and difficulty in large-scale production of existing phlorizin preparation processes; and the limited function and lipid-improving effects of conventional lipid-lowering probiotics, this application aims to provide a *Lactobacillus plantarum* strain that combines hyperlipidemia-improving function with efficient biotransformation capabilities. Based on this strain, a green, safe, low-cost, and synergistic lipid metabolism intervention method will be established. This method effectively solves the technical challenge of balancing efficacy and safety in existing hyperlipidemia intervention technologies. Simultaneously, it opens up a new industrialization path for the green biological preparation of phlorizin, providing crucial technical support for the research and large-scale production of lipid-lowering functional foods and biopharmaceutical preparations.

[0006] On the one hand, this application provides a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPF1 was deposited on May 26, 2026 at the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC) with accession number GDMCC No:68348, located at 5th Floor, Building 59, No. 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

[0007] In one embodiment, the 16S rDNA sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 is shown in SEQ ID No: 1.

[0008] In one embodiment, the colony morphology of the *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 is milky white, round and raised, with a moist and smooth surface and neat edges.

[0009] On the other hand, this application also provides a microbial agent comprising the Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 strain, and / or a bacterial suspension of the strain, and / or a lyophilized powder of the strain.

[0010] In one embodiment, the bacterial agent may further include a carrier loaded with LPF1 strain and / or its bacterial suspension and / or its lyophilized powder, such as a solid carrier, liquid carrier, porous carrier, composite carrier, or biological carrier.

[0011] On the other hand, this application also provides the use of the aforementioned *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1, or the aforementioned bacterial agent, in the preparation of any one or more of the following products: I. Microbial products used for the biotransformation of phlorizin and / or trifolin into phlorizin; II. Microbial products used to produce glycosidases that convert phlorizin and / or trifolin into phlorizin. III. Drugs and / or functional foods used to regulate blood lipids, reduce body fat content and / or treat hyperlipidemia.

[0012] In one embodiment, the biotransformation efficiency of strain LPF1 for the substrates phlorizin and / or trifolin is not less than 50%, preferably not less than 60%, more preferably not less than 70%, and even more preferably not less than 80%.

[0013] In one embodiment, the glycosidase is a β-glucosidase that can indiscriminately recognize and cleave monoglucosidic bonds at the 3' and 4' positions, and it only undergoes a desugaring reaction without producing side reactions such as aglycone degradation.

[0014] In one embodiment, the regulation of blood lipids involves reducing the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C in the blood.

[0015] In one embodiment, the active ingredients of the product include live Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1, and / or an extract obtained by rupturing Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 cells, and / or a fermentation broth obtained by culturing and fermenting Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1.

[0016] In one embodiment, the dosage form of the microbial product may be a liquid dosage form or a solid dosage form.

[0017] On the other hand, this application also provides a biocatalyst for preparing phloretin, comprising the aforementioned *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1, and / or a glycosidase obtained using *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1.

[0018] On the other hand, this application also provides a method for producing phlorizin using microorganisms, including the step of using the aforementioned *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1, or the aforementioned microbial agent, or the aforementioned biocatalyst, with trifolin, phlorizin and / or plant extracts containing trifolin and / or phlorizin as substrates, to carry out biotransformation to produce phlorizin.

[0019] In one embodiment, the concentration of the substrate trifolin and / or phlorizin is 10-500 mg / mL, and the inoculum concentration of *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 is 1 × 10⁻⁶ mg / mL. 6 cfu / mL ~1×10 12 cfu / mL.

[0020] In one embodiment, the reaction conditions for the biotransformation are: 35-40°C for 20-100 h, preferably 36-38°C for 70-80 h.

[0021] In one embodiment, the method specifically includes the following steps: A culture medium containing trifolin, phlorizin and / or plant extracts containing trifolin and phlorizin was prepared. Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 was inoculated into the culture medium, and phlorizin was isolated and transformed after a period of culture.

[0022] On the other hand, this application also provides a probiotic product with lipid-lowering effects, the product comprising the aforementioned Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1, or the aforementioned bacterial agent.

[0023] In one embodiment, the probiotic product further includes any one or more of phlorizin, trifolin, phlorizin, and plant extracts containing phlorizin, trifolin, and phlorizin.

[0024] Optionally, the plant extracts containing trifolin and phlorizin described in this application, or the plant extracts containing phlorizin, trifolin, and phlorizin, may be derived from plants known to be rich in such substances, such as Litsea cubeba, or apple and Malus macrantha from the Rosaceae family, especially the root bark, bark, epidermis of immature fruit, and petioles of apple.

[0025] Furthermore, the plant extract can be obtained by using existing conventional extraction methods, such as heating extraction, ultrasonic extraction, etc.

[0026] Furthermore, the plant extracts can also be processed into food-grade form using existing known methods for application.

[0027] It is understood that, in the above embodiments, the *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 and its bacterial agent provided in this application can be directly used as a source of active ingredients in lipid-lowering products; or, they can be compounded with phlorizin, which also has lipid-lowering activity, to prepare lipid-lowering products with compound active ingredients; or, the bacterial strain can be used to ferment plant extracts in vitro to complete glycoside preconversion and retain live bacteria, and the bacteria and fermentation broth as a whole can be used as products, that is, after achieving biotransformation in vitro, they can be directly introduced into the body to exert lipid-lowering effects; or, the bacterial strain can be compounded with trifolin, phlorizin or edible plant extracts containing trifolin and phlorizin, and then a product can be prepared by using existing methods for targeted colonic delivery and release, so as to simultaneously regulate host lipid metabolism and catalyze the in situ generation of phlorizin in the intestinal microenvironment, and simultaneously complete the biotransformation and direct lipid-lowering effects in the same space.

[0028] In one embodiment, the probiotic product includes pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and / or feed additives.

[0029] In one embodiment, the dosage form of the probiotic product may be a lyophilized powder, oral liquid, tablet, capsule, pill, powder, granule, or nanomedicine preparation.

[0030] In one embodiment, the content of active ingredients in the probiotic product is 0.01% to 99.99%, where % can be mass percentage (w / w), volume percentage (v / v), mass-volume ratio (w / v), or volume-mass ratio (v / w).

[0031] In one embodiment, the concentration of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 in the probiotic product may be no less than 10. 4 CFU / mL, preferably not less than 10 5 CFU / mL, preferably not less than 10 6 CFU / mL.

[0032] This application has at least the following beneficial effects: This application screened and obtained a strain of *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 that possesses both autonomous lipid-lowering and natural active ingredient biotransformation functions, significantly different from the functional performance of traditional probiotics. Experimental results show that: 1. This Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 exhibits excellent safety and acid and bile salt tolerance, possessing the typical advantages of food-grade probiotics. Furthermore, it can effectively regulate lipid metabolism disorders through its own probiotic metabolism, safely and efficiently improving symptoms of hyperlipidemia. It can be directly applied to lipid-lowering drugs or functional foods. 2. This Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 can also simultaneously biotransform phlorizin and trifolin glycosides in flavonoid glycosides to obtain phlorizin. That is, it can directionally transform low-cost, low-activity natural substrates into substances with multiple biological activities. While greatly improving the bioavailability of natural plant resources, it avoids the disadvantages of traditional plant extraction of phlorizin, such as low yield, high cost, poor purity, and serious pollution and residue risks of chemical synthesis processes. It provides a new and reliable technical path for the large-scale, green industrial production of phlorizin. 3. Based on the lipid-lowering effect of phloretin itself, the two functions exhibited by Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 can be utilized in various ways to achieve a synergistic effect of "strain lipid-lowering + product enhancement" when preparing lipid-lowering products, which can greatly improve the overall lipid-lowering effect. This is conducive to the construction of new prevention and treatment programs and strategies for hyperlipidemia or its related or similar diseases. 4. The Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 and its transformation system have a mild process, simple operation, and controllable cost. They can be used to prepare functional foods and dietary supplements to improve hyperlipidemia, and can also be used as biopharmaceutical raw materials for the research and development of lipid-lowering agents. They have a wide range of applications and have extremely high scientific research value and market promotion prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the colony morphology of strain LPF1 in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a Gram staining result of strain LPF1 in Example 1; Figure 3 The figure shows the results of the carbon source utilization experiment in Example 1, where results numbered 1 to 11 correspond to: aescin, cellobiose, maltose, mannitol, salicin, sorbitol, sucrose, raffinose, inulin, lactose, and 1% sodium hippurate, respectively. Figure 4 The image shows the results of the oxidase activity test in Example 1, where results numbered 1 to 3 correspond to strain LPF1, the positive control Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and the negative control Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, respectively. Figure 5 The results of the gelatin liquefaction test in Example 1 are shown in the figure. Results numbered 1 to 3 correspond to strain LPF1, negative control Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and positive control Proteus vulgaris CMCC 49027, respectively. Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the results of the indole test in Example 1, where number 1 corresponds to the positive control bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and number 2 corresponds to strain LPF1; Figure 7 This is a graph showing the results of the catalase test in Example 1, where number 1 corresponds to the positive control bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and number 2 corresponds to strain LPF1; Figure 8 The image shows the results of the nitrate reductase test in Example 1, where numbers 1-3 correspond to the positive control bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, the negative control bacteria Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19114, and strain LPF1, respectively. Figure 9 Phylogenetic tree of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1; Figure 10 The graph shows the results of the zebrafish lipid-lowering experiment in Example 6, including (A) TG, (B) TC, (C) LDL-C and (D) HDL-C levels. Figure 11The results of the zebrafish fat reduction experiment in Example 6 are shown in Figure A, where A is a visual diagram of oil red O staining of fat deposition in zebrafish (2×), and B is a statistical chart of the gray values ​​of oil red O staining of zebrafish. Figure 12 This is a mass spectrometry result of the transformation product of phlorizin by Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 in Example 7; Figure 13 This is a mass spectrometry result of the transformation product of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 to trifolin in Example 7. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the overall concept of this application, a detailed description is provided below by way of embodiments. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a more thorough understanding of this application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this application can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other instances, to avoid confusion with this application, some technical features well-known in the art have not been described.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents or instruments used in the following embodiments, unless otherwise indicated by the manufacturer, are commercially available products. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed under standard conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.

[0037] The main materials or instruments involved in the following embodiments and their sources are shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0038] Example 1: Isolation, screening and identification of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 1. Strains screening Take about 1g of juice from traditional fermented sauerkraut purchased from Guicheng, Foshan, add 10mL of sterile saline, mix well; dilute 10 times in a 10-fold gradient. 5 Take 100 μL of the diluted solution and spread it evenly on an MRS solid medium plate containing 0.1% bromocresol purple. Incubate at 37°C upside down for 24 hours. Pick a single colony with a yellow hydrolysis zone and streak it on a bromocresol purple MRS plate for purification. Incubate at 37°C upside down for 24 hours. Repeat this process four times to obtain the purified strain, which is named LPF1. Inoculate strain LPF1 into MRS medium and incubate for 18 hours. Store the culture in 30% (v / v) glycerol.

[0039] 2. Colony morphology and biological characteristics The obtained strain LPF1 was observed for colony morphology and Gram staining. The results are shown in the figure. Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0040] Depend on Figure 1 and Figure 2 The results showed that strain LPF1 is a Gram-positive bacterium without spores. Furthermore, on MRS solid medium, the colonies of strain LPF1 were milky white, round and raised, with a moist and smooth surface, regular edges, and a diameter of 1-2 mm, exhibiting typical morphological characteristics of lactic acid bacteria.

[0041] 3. Biochemical identification Carbon source utilization: Prepare test tubes containing 2 mL of sterile physiological saline. Use an inoculation needle to pick single colonies from purified MRS culture plates, grind them thoroughly in physiological saline, and prepare a homogeneous bacterial suspension (approximately 0.5 McFarland turbidity). Then, add 100 μL of the bacterial suspension to each well for HBI lactic acid bacteria biochemical identification. The aesculin wells need to be sealed with sterile liquid paraffin. Incubate at 37±1℃ for 24-48 h, observe color changes, and interpret the results. After adding the 1% sodium hippurate substrate to the wells, slowly add 0.2 mL of 3.5% ninhydrin solution along the side wall of the container, avoiding shaking throughout the process; incubate at 36℃±1℃ for 10 min, observe color changes, and interpret the results. The results are shown below. Figure 3 .

[0042] Oxidase activity: Take an oxidase test strip and moisten it with 10μL–20μL of distilled water; use a disposable plastic inoculation loop to pick up a single colony and spread it on the surface of the test strip. A blue or bluish-purple color change within 30 seconds indicates a positive result; no color change indicates a negative result. See below for results. Figure 4 .

[0043] Gelatin liquefaction: Colonies were picked and inoculated onto gelatin agar medium using the puncture method, and incubated at 36±1℃ for 48 h. After incubation, the medium was transferred to a refrigerator at 2–8℃ and allowed to stand for 10–30 min. If the medium remained liquid, it was considered positive; if it solidified, it was considered negative. The results are shown in […]. Figure 5 .

[0044] Indole test: After activating the strain, inoculate it into tryptone water and incubate at 36℃±1℃ for 24 h; then add 2-4 drops of Kovacs' indole matrix reagent to the culture medium and mix well. After standing for 5-10 min, determine the results. Positive reaction: A red ring appears at the top of the culture medium. Negative reaction: Yellow, orange-yellow, or brown. See the results below. Figure 6 .

[0045] Catalase activity: Pick colonies onto a glass slide using a disposable inoculation loop, add 2-3 drops of 30% hydrogen peroxide solution to the colonies, and observe whether bubbles are produced. The presence of bubbles indicates a positive result, while the absence of bubbles indicates a negative result. The results are shown below. Figure 7 .

[0046] Nitrate reductase activity: The strain was inoculated into nitrate broth and cultured at 36±1℃ for 24-48 h. Then, 2-3 drops each of p-toluenesulfonic acid solution and α-naphthol acetic acid solution were added and mixed thoroughly. The color change was observed. A red color in the culture medium indicated a positive result, while the absence of a red color indicated a negative result. The results are shown below. Figure 8 .

[0047] in, Figures 3-8 The experimental results are shown in Table 2: Table 2

[0048] The biochemical identification results in Table 2 show that: the catalase test result of strain LPF1 was negative, which is consistent with the typical characteristics of lactic acid bacteria; the results of oxidase, gelatin liquefaction, indole, and nitrate reduction tests were all negative, indicating that it has good safety and will not produce harmful metabolites such as amines and nitrites, which meets the basic safety requirements for food-grade probiotics; in terms of carbon source metabolism, strain LPF1 can hydrolyze esculin and ferment and utilize cellobiose, maltose, mannitol, salicin, sorbitol, sucrose, inulin, and lactose, but cannot utilize raffinose, and the hydrolysis of sodium hippurate was negative, indicating that it has a wide range of carbon source utilization and is suitable for various application scenarios such as fermented vegetables, silage, and dairy products.

[0049] The above biochemical phenotypic results are highly consistent with the characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum, and strain LPF1 is preliminarily identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.

[0050] 4. 16S rRNA sequencing The purified strain LPF1 was inoculated into MRS liquid medium and cultured at 37°C for 18 h. The bacterial culture was then transferred to a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min, the supernatant was discarded, and approximately 1 g of bacterial cells was collected. The cells were then sent to Shanghai Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. for whole-genome sequencing and identification.

[0051] The predicted 16S rRNA sequences were extracted and compared with the NCBI 16S rRNA standard database using BLASTn. A sequence similarity threshold of >95% was set, and the 30 highest-matching reference sequences were retrieved (if fewer than 30 matched sequences were obtained, all were retrieved). Multiple sequence alignment was performed using MAFFT (v 7.49) software, and conserved regions were pruned. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using FastTree (v 2.1.7) software. Single-gene phylogenetic trees have limitations; to supplement validation, fastANI (v 1.33) was used to calculate the genome-wide average nucleotide identity (ANI). This method is unaffected by differences in evolutionary rates or horizontal gene transfer interference and maintains analytical accuracy even when the genome sequence is highly differentiated. According to general taxonomic standards, strains with an ANI ≤ 95% were classified as different species.

[0052] See the phylogenetic tree results. Figure 9 The obtained 16S rDNA sequence is shown in SEQ ID No: 1. The results show that strain LPF1 is related to... Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Clustered in the same branch (99% confidence level). Based on the International Code of Nomenclature for Prokaryotes, it was identified as *Lactobacillus plantarum*. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ), and named it Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPF1.

[0053] 5. Preservation of microbial strains Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPF1 was deposited on May 26, 2026 at the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), with accession number GDMCC No: 68348, located at 5th Floor, Building 59, No. 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

[0054] Example 2: Drug resistance detection of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 100 μL of *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 suspension (0.5 McFarland turbidity) was evenly spread onto an MRS agar plate. MIC test strips containing different antibiotic concentrations were placed in the center of the plate. The plate was incubated at 36 ± 1 °C for 24 h, and the readings were taken afterward. The results are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Evaluation of drug resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1

[0055] The results in Table 3 show that *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 exhibits high sensitivity to ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and rifampin, indicating that its cell wall synthesis, ribosome target sites, and RNA polymerase-related pathways are not interfered with. The extremely high MIC value for vancomycin is a typical inherent resistance characteristic of this species (determined by the D-Ala-D-Lac terminal structure of the peptidoglycan precursor), while the resistance to ciprofloxacin is consistent with the inherent low sensitivity of lactic acid bacteria to fluoroquinolones; neither of these is considered transferable acquired resistance.

[0056] From the perspective of safety and application prospects, no clear acquired resistance phenotypes were detected in this batch of data (resistance to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin are inherent mechanisms with no risk of transfer), indicating that Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 has a high overall safety rating, meets the basic requirements of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) QPS (Qualified Safety Status), and has the potential to be used as a food fermentation agent or feed probiotic.

[0057] Example 3: Detection of acid-producing capacity of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 The activated Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 was inoculated into MRS medium at 2% (v / v), and samples were taken every 4 hours to measure the content of lactic acid, acetic acid and total acid.

[0058] The determination procedures for lactic acid and acetic acid are as follows: Take 2 mL of fermentation supernatant, add 1 mL of 106 g / L potassium ferrocyanide solution and 1 mL of 300 g / L zinc sulfate solution sequentially, mix thoroughly, and let stand for 45 min. Centrifuge the mixture at 10000 r / min for 10 min, take 1 mL of the clear supernatant, filter through a 0.22 μm microporous membrane, and collect the filtrate into a brown liquid chromatography vial for liquid chromatography detection. Liquid chromatography detection conditions: The chromatographic column used was a ZORBAX SB-Aq (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm); mobile phase A was 0.1% phosphoric acid solution, mobile phase B was pure methanol (95:5 ratio); flow rate was 0.5 mL / min; injection volume was 10 µL; column temperature was 30℃; and detection wavelength was 210 nm. The determination of total acid was performed according to the method described in the national standard document GB 12456-2021, "Determination of Total Acidity in Food".

[0059] The results are shown in Table 4: Table 4

[0060] The results in Table 4 show that: Regarding lactic acid synthesis, strain LPF1 showed extremely weak lactic acid synthesis during fermentation from 0 to 8 hours, with only 0.020 g / L at 4 hours and 0.026 g / L at 8 hours. During this stage, the strain was in the adaptation lag phase, exhibiting low activity of the glycolysis-to-lactic acid pathway. After 8 hours, the strain rapidly entered the logarithmic growth phase, significantly increasing the lactic acid synthesis rate. Lactic acid levels reached 0.451 g / L at 12 hours, accumulating continuously at 16 and 20 hours, and reaching a peak of 1.273 g / L at 24 hours. Throughout the mid-to-late stages of fermentation, lactic acid levels showed a linear and continuous increase without any decreasing trend, indicating that *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 can stably utilize the carbon source in the culture medium for homolactic acid fermentation, and that there was no significant lactic acid degradation within the fermentation system.

[0061] Regarding acetic acid synthesis, strain LPF1 showed an early initiation of acetic acid synthesis, exhibiting a continuous upward trend within 0-20 h: 0.274 g / L was detected at 4 h, significantly higher than lactic acid at the same time; acetic acid accumulated rapidly from 0-12 h, reaching 0.602 g / L at 12 h, and peaking at 0.667 g / L at 20 h; acetic acid slightly decreased to 0.663 g / L from 20-24 h of fermentation. The large amount of acetic acid produced in the early stage suggests that the strain generated acetic acid through phosphoketolysis during the adaptation phase. Later, with limited carbon sources and a lower environmental pH, a small amount of acetic acid could be reused by the strain, resulting in a slight decrease. Compared to lactic acid, acetic acid was the dominant organic acid in the early stage of fermentation, but its synthesis tended to saturate and ceased to increase significantly in the middle and later stages.

[0062] The total acid content increased continuously throughout the fermentation process without any inflection point: it was 0.567 g / L at 4 h, jumped sharply to 1.763 g / L at 8 h, steadily increased from 12 to 24 h, and reached a maximum of 3.277 g / L at 24 h. The increase in total acid from 0 to 8 h was mainly contributed by acetic acid; after 8 h, lactic acid was synthesized in large quantities, becoming the core substance driving the continuous increase in total acid. The trend of total acid changes can directly reflect the overall acid production and metabolic activity of the strain, thus indicating that the metabolic activity of *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 persists from 0 to 24 h.

[0063] Based on the results regarding acid production rate, organic acid composition, final acid production, and fermentation stability, *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 is a strain with stable fermentation characteristics and moderately good overall acid production performance. It can achieve effective acidification within 24 hours without complex regulation, making it suitable for conventional applications such as silage, natural fruit and vegetable fermentation, and probiotic fermentation broth preparation. However, for industrial fermentation of high lactic acid content, further optimization of the culture medium and fermentation process is necessary to improve lactic acid yield and the initial acid production rate.

[0064] Example 4: Determination of the acid and bile salt tolerance of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 The twice-activated Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 was inoculated into liquid MRS medium at 2% (V / V) and cultured for 18 h. After incubation, the cells were centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min, the supernatant was discarded, and the cells were collected. The cells were resuspended in sterile physiological saline and centrifuged again at 8000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was discarded, and the process was repeated twice to obtain pure wet cells.

[0065] The freeze-drying protectant was prepared according to the following formula: 100 g / L skim milk powder, 2 g / L yeast β-glucan, 100 g / L maltodextrin, 60 g / L trehalose, and 3 g / L sodium glutamate. Dissolved in pure water, sterilized, and added to the wet bacterial cells at a 1:1 mass ratio, the mixture was vortexed until homogeneous. The solution was dispensed into freeze-drying trays, pre-frozen at -80°C for 24 h, and then freeze-dried in a vacuum freeze dryer for 32 h. This yielded *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 freeze-dried powder, with a viable count of 6.33 × 10⁻⁶. 11 CFU / g, used for subsequent tests.

[0066] Add 0%, 0.3% (w / v), 0.4% (w / v), and 0.5% (w / v) porcine bile salts to MRS liquid medium, respectively, and autoclave at 121℃ for 20 min. Adjust the pH of the MRS liquid medium to 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 with 2M HCl, respectively, and sterilize. Inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 lyophilized powder at a rate of 0.1% (w / v) into MRS liquid medium with different bile salt concentrations or pH values, and incubate at 37℃ for 3 h. Perform viable cell counts using the plate culture method and calculate the survival rate. The survival rate is calculated using the formula: Survival rate (%) = N1 / N0 × 100%, where N0 and N1 represent the number of viable colonies before and after treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, two different strains of the same species of Lactobacillus plantarum (namely, Lactobacillus plantarum CICC 20265, purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center; and Lactobacillus plantarum GDMCC No.1.1797, purchased from the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center) were selected and their acid and bile salt tolerance was tested using the above method.

[0067] The results are shown in Table 5: Table 5

[0068] The results in Table 5 show that different strains of the same species exhibit significant differences in acid and bile salt tolerance. Strain LPF1 demonstrates excellent tolerance to porcine bile salts and gastric acid stress, maintaining an 89.1% survival rate under 0.3% porcine bile salt conditions and a 52.1% survival rate under 0.5% high bile salt stress. Its survival rate of 78.2% under extreme gastric acid conditions at pH 2.0 is significantly better than other strains, indicating good survival ability in the human digestive tract and suitability for preparing oral probiotic freeze-dried powder, special medical foods, and fermented foods.

[0069] Example 5: Stability detection of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 The *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 lyophilized powder obtained in Example 4 was dispensed into vials and placed in environments with temperatures of 25℃±2℃ and humidity of RH 60%±10% (long-term experiment) and 37℃±2℃ and humidity of RH 75%±5% (accelerated experiment), respectively. Samples were taken at 0 months, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months, and viable bacteria were counted using the plate culture method, and the survival rate was calculated.

[0070] The survival rate is calculated using the formula: A1 = A1 / A0 × 100%, where A0 represents the live bacteria count of the freeze-dried bacterial powder in month 0, and A1 represents the live bacteria count in other months.

[0071] The results are shown in Table 6: Table 6

[0072] As shown in Table 6, the prepared *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 lyophilized powder maintained a survival rate of 96.1% after 6 months of storage at room temperature and away from light; even after accelerated aging at 37℃ for 6 months, the survival rate remained at 93.8%. These results indicate that the prepared LPF1 lyophilized powder exhibits high viable bacterial retention under both room temperature and high temperature storage conditions, a slow rate of activity decay, and significant shelf stability advantages. It can be stored for extended periods without a cold chain, making it suitable for developing room-temperature oral probiotics, fermented foods, and special medical foods.

[0073] Example 6: Detection of the lipid-lowering ability of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 in hyperlipidemic zebrafish 1. Test materials AB strain zebrafish were cultured in a zebrafish farming system (28.5℃, pH 7.5, conductivity 500-550 μS / cm, 14:10 h light-dark cycle). Zebrafish embryos were obtained from adult zebrafish through natural mating. The embryos were placed in E3 water (5 mM NaCl, 0.17 mM KCl, 0.33 mM CaCl2, 0.33 mM MgSO4) and cultured in a 28℃ constant temperature incubator.

[0074] 2. Test methods Juvenile fish selection: Select healthy AB strain zebrafish that have developed to 5 dpf (days post fertilization) and place them in 6-well cell culture plates.

[0075] Feed composition: Zebrafish standard feed: 50% crude protein, 12% crude fat, 2.5% crude fiber, vitamins, minerals, starch, sodium alginate. Zebrafish high-fat feed: 32% crude protein, 24% crude fat, 4% egg yolk powder, 2% cholesterol, 2.5% crude fiber, vitamins, minerals, starch, sodium alginate.

[0076] Model construction: Experimental setup included a normal control group (Control), a model group (HCD), a positive control group (2.5 μg / m² atorvastatin calcium), and a Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 group (1 × 10⁻⁶). 4 CFU / mL, 1×10 5 CFU / mL, 1×10 6 In the lipid-lowering capacity test, 30 fish were used per group, with two replicates per group; in the fat-reducing capacity test, 20 fish were used per group, with one replicate per group. The normal group was given 5 mL of E3 Water (5 mM NaCl, 0.17 mM KCl, 0.33 mM CaCl2, 0.33 mM MgSO4) and fed with regular feed (twice daily, at 10:00 and 13:30; 2.8 mg each time). The model group, positive group, and Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 group (1×10⁻⁶ CFU / mL) were also tested. 4 CFU / mL, 1×10 5 CFU / mL, 1×10 6 Add 5 mL of E3 Water containing 4% fructose (w / v) to each of the CFU / mL feeds and feed them a high-fat diet (twice a day, at 10:00 and 13:30; 2.8 mg each time); change the solution every 24 hours; continue for 7 days.

[0077] Intervention with test samples: Seven days after model establishment, the normal group was cultured in 5 mL of E3 Water and fed a regular diet (twice daily at 10:00 and 13:30; 2.8 mg each time); the model group was cultured in 5 mL of E3 Water containing 4% fructose and fed a high-fat diet (twice daily at 10:00 and 13:30; 2.8 mg each time); the positive control group and the *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 group (1×10) were also included. 4 CFU / mL, 1×10 5 CFU / mL, 1×10 6 Add 5 mL of 2.5 μg / mL atorvastatin calcium solution and Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 solution (1×10⁻⁶ CFU / mL) containing 4% fructose respectively. 4 CFU / mL, 1×10 5 CFU / mL, 1×10 6 CFU / mL (diluted with E3 Water) and fed with a high-fat diet (twice daily, at 10:00 and 13:30; 2.8 mg each time). The solution was changed every 24 hours for each group.

[0078] 3. Lipid-lowering ability test Seven days after the test sample intervention, 30 AB strain zebrafish were randomly selected from each group, washed three times with pre-cooled phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and then homogenized with 400 μL of physiological saline. The supernatant was obtained after centrifugation at 2500 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. The levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C were measured using commercially available kits according to the manufacturer's instructions, with each group tested in quadruplicate.

[0079] 4. Fat loss ability test Oil Red O staining: 14 days after the test sample intervention, 10 AB strain zebrafish were randomly selected from each group. The zebrafish were washed three times with E3 water and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 24 h. They were then dehydrated using a gradient of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% 1,2-propanediol, with each gradient dehydrating for 25 min. After dehydration, they were stained with Oil Red O for 48 h, and then destained with 1,2-propanediol for 30 min. The zebrafish were then observed and photographed under a stereomicroscope to record liver fat.

[0080] Data Calculation: ImageJ software was used to statistically analyze the grayscale values ​​of Oil Red O staining in zebrafish and to calculate the relative fat content (%), as shown in the following formula: Relative fat content (%) = T / C × 100%, In the formula: C is the gray value of zebrafish in the normal group; T is the gray value of zebrafish in the model group / positive group / test sample group.

[0081] 5. Statistical Analysis All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons among multiple groups, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. P<0.01, P < 0.001. Statistical analysis and graphing were performed using GraphPad Prism 5 software.

[0082] 6. Experimental Results (1) In the lipid-lowering ability test, the results of TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C content in zebrafish in each group are shown in Table 7 and Figure 10 As shown.

[0083] Table 7. Content of TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C in zebrafish of each group (mean±SD, n=4)

[0084] Note: Compared with the normal group, the model group (※p<0.001); compared with the positive control group, the model group (#P<0.001); compared with the model group, the probiotic group (…). P<0.05, P<0.01, (P<0.001) From Table 7 and Figure 10 The results showed that, compared with the normal group, the levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C in the zebrafish of the model group were significantly increased, while the level of HDL-C was significantly decreased, indicating that the hyperlipidemia model was successfully established. Meanwhile, compared with the model group, the levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C in the zebrafish of the positive drug group were significantly decreased, while the level of HDL-C was significantly increased, confirming the stability and effectiveness of the experimental system.

[0085] Furthermore, strain LPF1 exhibited a significant lipid-regulating effect on hyperlipidemic zebrafish, and this effect showed a clear concentration-dependent characteristic, especially at high concentrations (1×10⁻⁶). 6 The strain with CFU / mL showed the best lipid-lowering effect, which could basically reverse the lipid abnormalities induced by high fat and high fructose, restore zebrafish TG and TC to normal levels, and significantly improve LDL-C and HDL-C indicators. The overall lipid-regulating effect was similar to that of atorvastatin calcium positive drugs.

[0086] (2) In the fat reduction ability test, the results of the body fat content of zebrafish in each group are shown in Table 8 and Figure 11 As shown.

[0087] Table 8. Statistical table of body fat content in zebrafish of each group (mean±SD, n=10)

[0088] Note: Compared with the normal group, the model group (※p<0.001); compared with the positive control group, the model group (#P<0.001); compared with the model group, the probiotic group (…). P<0.05, P<0.01, (P<0.001) From Table 8 and Figure 11 The results showed that the relative fat content of zebrafish in the model group significantly increased to 456.09%, far exceeding the 100.00% in the normal group, with a highly statistically significant difference between the groups. This confirms that the modeling protocol was stable and effective and can be used for subsequent evaluation of the effects of lipid-lowering active substances. After intervention with the positive control drug, the liver fat content of zebrafish decreased to 149.00%, and lipid accumulation was greatly improved, verifying the reliability of the intervention system and detection method in this experiment.

[0089] Furthermore, different concentrations of strain LPF1 all improved lipid accumulation in zebrafish liver induced by a high-fat diet, exhibiting a clear concentration-dependent pharmacodynamic characteristic; that is, the lipid-lowering effect gradually increased with increasing strain concentration. Among them, high concentrations (1×10⁻⁶) showed the best results. 6 After intervention with a strain containing CFU / mL, the relative fat content of zebrafish was 140.87%, which was more effective than the positive control drug atorvastatin calcium in reducing fat.

[0090] In summary, the results show that Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 can effectively inhibit the pathological increase of TC, TG, and LDL-C in zebrafish induced by high-fat diets, reverse the abnormal decrease of HDL-C, and reduce fat accumulation in the body at all concentrations. In particular, at high concentrations, it can show lipid-lowering effects comparable to or even better than positive control drugs.

[0091] Example 7 Detection of the biotransformation capacity of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 for flavonoid glycosides This embodiment selected nine strains of the genus *Lactobacillus*, including *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1, specifically: *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1, *Lactobacillus plantarum* GDMCC NO. 1.1797 (purchased from Guangdong Provincial Center for Microbial Culture Collection), *Lactobacillus plantarum* CICC 20265 (purchased from China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center), *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* CICC 20258 (purchased from China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center), *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* CGMCC 1.3724 (purchased from China General Microbial Culture Collection Center), *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* CICC 21770 (purchased from China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center), *Lactobacillus acidophilus* GDMCC NO. 1.1807 (purchased from Guangdong Provincial Center for Microbial Culture Collection), *Lactobacillus acidophilus* GDMCC NO. 1.731 (purchased from Guangdong Provincial Center for Microbial Culture Collection), and *Lactobacillus acidophilus* GDMCC NO. 1.3204 (purchased from Guangdong Provincial Center for Microbial Culture Collection). Seven flavonoid glycoside substrates were transformed to evaluate the biotransformation capabilities of different species and strains of the same genus of microorganisms for flavonoid glycoside substrates. The specific experimental procedure is as follows: 0.2 mL of the bacterial suspension, activated twice (with the viable bacteria concentration adjusted to approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶), was used. 9A 100 mg / mL DMSO flavonoid glycoside solution was inoculated into 9.7 mL LMRS medium, followed by the addition of 0.1 mL of DMSO flavonoid glycoside solution filtered through a 0.22 μm sterile membrane. The reaction was carried out at 37 °C and 100 rpm for 72 h. The blank control group received no flavonoid glycoside solution or bacteria. After the reaction, 2 mL of the reaction solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was diluted with pure methanol, and the diluted solution was filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane before liquid chromatography (LC) analysis to determine the content of flavonoid glycosides and their reaction products, and the conversion rate was calculated. LC conditions: Zorbax SB column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase: acetonitrile / methanol / water-0.1% acetic acid (v / v / v) = 27:11:62; column temperature: 30 °C; detection wavelength: 283 nm.

[0092] The results are shown in Table 9: Table 9

[0093] As shown in Table 9, the nine selected Lactobacillus strains showed no transformation activity for five substrates: naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, and naringin dihydrochalcone. Only the monoglucose forms of phlorizin and trifolin could be hydrolyzed by some strains. Among the three Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains, only CGMCC NO.1.3724 could weakly transform phlorizin, with a transformation rate of 18.7%; among the three Lactobacillus acidophilus strains, only GDMCC NO.1.1807 could transform trifolin in small amounts, with a transformation rate of 23.5%; and among the three Lactobacillus plantarum strains, only LPF1 had biotransformation ability, and it could simultaneously and efficiently transform phlorizin and trifolin, with transformation rates of 83.2% and 89.7%, respectively. The above results indicate that the hydrolytic ability of Lactobacillus glycosides is significantly strain-specific, and the type of glycoside glycosome determines substrate availability. For example, the glycosidases of some strains exhibit obvious substrate selectivity, recognizing only a single substrate and having low conversion efficiency, while the glycosidases in Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 have a strong affinity for both trifolin and phlorizin.

[0094] Mass spectrometry analysis was performed on the transformation products of phlorizin and trifolin from Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1, and the results are as follows: Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown.

[0095] Depend on Figure 12 and Figure 13The results showed that *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 converts phlorizin and trifolin into phloretin. Both phlorizin and trifolin have phloretin as their parent nucleus, with only glucose residues attached to the 4' and 3' positions of the benzene ring, respectively. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the hydrolysis of both substrates by *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 produces phloretin, indicating that the glycosidase in this strain can indiscriminately recognize and cleave the monoglucose glycosidic bonds at the 3' and 4' positions, resulting only in desaccharification without side reactions such as aglycone degradation. This enzyme only acts on monoglucose-type dihydrochalcone glycosides and cannot hydrolyze rutin-type flavonoid glycosides. Compared to enzymes or strains that can only weakly convert a single substrate, the glycosidase in *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 exhibits no strict selectivity for glucose substitution sites and has a higher catalytic conversion efficiency for trifolin than for phlorizin, enabling efficient and specific conversion of phlorizin and trifolin into free phloretin.

[0096] The above results indicate that the *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 provided in this application, on the one hand, can convert glycoside precursors into free phloretin, eliminating the glycosyl absorption barrier, significantly improving the bioavailability of polyphenols and their antioxidant, sugar-controlling, and whitening activities, without degradation byproducts and with high product purity; on the other hand, as an edible probiotic, it can achieve mild biotransformation, avoiding chemical hydrolysis pollution, and its raw materials are compatible with two types of glycosides in apple processing byproducts, broadening the source of raw materials and enhancing the resource value of agricultural and forestry waste; furthermore, the conversion efficiency of this strain is much higher than that of other tested lactic acid bacteria, enabling efficient and large-scale preparation of natural phloretin, suitable for the development of functional foods, cosmetics, and intestinal nutrition preparations; at the same time, the enzyme system of this strain has strong site inclusiveness and controllable substrate selectivity, providing high-quality functional strains and theoretical support for subsequent fermentation process optimization, β-glucosidase modification, and the development of compound probiotic products.

[0097] Therefore, the Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 provided in this application can be used directly, or in combination with any one or more of phloretin, trifolin, and phloroglucinol, or in combination with plant extracts containing the above substances for use in lipid-lowering drugs or functional foods. Alternatively, it can also be used as a whole-cell catalyst for the biotransformation production of phloretin, and has broad application prospects.

[0098] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A strain of *Lactobacillus plantarum*, characterized in that, It is Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPF1, deposited at Guangdong Provincial Center for Microbial Culture Collection, accession number GDMCC No: 68348.

2. The *Lactobacillus plantarum* according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 16S rDNA sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum LPF1 is shown in SEQ ID No:

1.

3. A microbial agent, characterized in that, The microbial agent includes *Lactobacillus plantarum* as described in claim 1 or 2. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPF1 strain, and / or bacterial suspension of the strain, and / or lyophilized powder of the strain.

4. The *Lactobacillus plantarum* as described in claim 1 or 2 ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum The use of LPF1, or the microbial agent as described in claim 3, in the preparation of any one or more of the following products: I. Microbial products used for the biotransformation of phlorizin and / or trifolin into phlorizin; II. Microbial products used to produce glycosidases that convert phlorizin and / or trifolin into phlorizin. III. Drugs and / or functional foods used to regulate blood lipids, reduce body fat content and / or treat hyperlipidemia.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The active ingredients of the product include live LPF1 bacteria, and / or extracts obtained by rupturing LPF1 cells, and / or fermentation broth obtained by culturing and proliferating LPF1.

6. A biocatalyst for preparing phlorizin, characterized in that, Including Lactobacillus plantarum as described in claim 1 or 2 ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPF1, and / or glycosidases obtained using LPF1.

7. A method for producing phlorizin using microorganisms, characterized in that, Including the use of Lactobacillus plantarum as described in claim 1 or 2 ( Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPF1, or the microbial agent as described in claim 3, or the biocatalyst as described in claim 6, is used as a substrate to carry out the step of biotransformation to generate phlorizin.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The concentration of the substrate was 10–500 mg / mL, and the inoculum concentration of *Lactobacillus plantarum* LPF1 was 1 × 10⁻⁶ mg / mL. 6 cfu / mL ~1×10 12 cfu / mL; and / or, the conditions for the biotransformation are: reaction at 35-40°C for 20-100 h.

9. A probiotic product with lipid-lowering effects, characterized in that, The product includes *Lactobacillus plantarum* as described in claim 1 or 2. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPF1, or the bacterial agent as described in claim 3.

10. The probiotic product according to claim 9, characterized in that, The probiotic product also includes any one or more of phlorizin, trifolin, and phlorizin, or it may include plant extracts containing phlorizin, trifolin, and / or phlorizin.

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