A blowing device and method for regulating the hydrogen-rich blast furnace hearth slag-iron coke three-phase interface
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610854533.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-18
AI Technical Summary
[0007]本发明的目的在于提供一种用于富氢高炉炉缸渣铁焦三相界面调控的气固协同喷吹装置及方法，以解决现有高炉喷吹技术主要作用于风口回旋区，难以直接调控炉缸侧壁、铁口附近及死料柱边缘区域的渣铁焦三相接触界面，且难以兼顾富氢条件下硅迁移抑制、硫迁移促进、渣铁分离改善和炉缸局部液相更新的问题
[0015]This invention utilizes a gas-solid co-injection device installed on the sidewall or near the taphole of a hydrogen-rich blast furnace. This device directionally injects low-oxygen potential regulating gas and basic conditioning agent into the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area in the form of a gas-solid mixed flow. Compared to traditional tuyeres, this method operates closer to the local reaction interface of the hearth, enabling precise control over the hearth sidewall, near the taphole, and at the edge of the dead material column. The low-oxygen potential regulating gas creates periodic, weak disturbances, promoting local liquid phase renewal in the hearth, reducing slag retention in coke pores and at the edge of the dead material column, and improving slag-iron separation and hearth permeability. The CaO-MgO-based basic conditioning agent, after entering the slag, increases local slag basicity and sulfur capacity, promoting the conversion of sulfur from the molten iron into the furnace. Slag migration facilitates sulfur entry into the slag phase as CaS, MnS, or Ca-Mn-S composite sulfides. Simultaneously, CaO and MgO enhance the slag's structural fixation of SiO2, retaining more Si within the silicate network and reducing its migration into the molten iron. The pulse pump impeller, driven by pulse-controlled gas, rotates at a rate controlled by the number of gas pulses, which in turn corresponds to the amount of conditioning agent powder introduced. This allows for more precise control of the gas-solid two-phase ratio after mixing the conditioning gas and the conditioning agent, improving mixing uniformity and preventing conditioning agent buildup and blockage in the gas-solid mixing chamber. This achieves low-silicon, low-sulfur, stable operation, and controllable local interfacial reactions in the hearth region of the hydrogen-rich blast furnace.
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Figure CN122773041A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the fields of low-carbon ironmaking in blast furnaces, hydrogen-rich smelting, hearth slag-iron reaction control, and blast furnace injection technology, and particularly to a gas-solid synergistic injection device and method for controlling the three-phase interface of slag-iron-coke in the hearth of hydrogen-rich blast furnaces. Background Technology
[0002] In blast furnace ironmaking, the hearth is a crucial region where molten iron, slag, and coke coexist and undergo multiphase reactions. The hearth typically includes a coke deadweight column, a slag-iron mixture layer, a molten iron layer, and a discharge area near the taphole. The Si and S content in the molten iron directly affects its quality and also impacts the desiliconization and desulfurization loads and smelting costs in subsequent steelmaking processes. Therefore, achieving low-silicon, low-sulfur, and stable operation in the blast furnace hearth region is of great significance for improving molten iron quality and reducing carbon emissions in the steelmaking process.
[0003] Under hydrogen-rich conditions, the CO–CO2–H2–H2O atmosphere, theoretical combustion temperature, softening dripping behavior, and slag-iron interface reaction within the blast furnace all change. Compared to conventional blast furnaces, hydrogen-rich blast furnaces exhibit reduced oxygen potential within the hearth, decreased content of oxidizing components such as FeO and MnO, and weakened slag re-oxidation capacity of Si in the molten iron. Si is more readily migrated and redistributed near the slag-iron interface. Simultaneously, components such as CaO, MgO, S, and Mn participate in the slag-iron interface reaction within the hearth, potentially forming CaS, MnS, or complex sulfide interface layers, thereby altering the local mass transfer pathways and reaction resistance within the hearth.
[0004] Existing blast furnace injection technologies mainly focus on the tuyere vortex zone, such as pulverized coal, natural gas, coke oven gas, or hydrogen injection. These injection methods are primarily used to improve combustion, reduction, and coke ratio control, but their effect is concentrated at the front of the tuyere, making it difficult to directly control the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area in the hearth. For issues such as slag-iron separation, silicon migration, sulfur migration, coke pore blockage, and localized stagnation within the hearth or near the taphole, current technologies lack control devices that can directly act on the hearth's three-phase interface.
[0005] Furthermore, simply increasing the overall slag basicity to improve desulfurization or inhibit silicon migration can easily lead to increased slag viscosity, decreased fluidity, and potentially disrupt blast furnace operation. Adjusting the tuyeres' injection gas alone is insufficient to precisely target the local three-phase interface regions on the hearth sidewalls, near the taphole, and at the edge of the dead material column. Therefore, a device and method are needed to achieve directional injection, localized tempering, and interfacial reaction control in specific hearth regions.
[0006] Therefore, those skilled in the art are dedicated to developing a gas-solid synergistic injection device and method for regulating the slag-iron-coke three-phase interface in the hearth of a hydrogen-rich blast furnace. By setting a directional control device on the side wall of the hearth or near the taphole, low oxygen potential regulating gas and alkaline conditioning agent are periodically injected into the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area to improve the local chemical environment of the hearth, the slag-iron interface reaction and the liquid phase flow state. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a gas-solid synergistic injection device and method for regulating the slag-iron-coke three-phase interface in the hearth of a hydrogen-rich blast furnace. This addresses the problems of existing blast furnace injection technologies, which mainly operate in the tuyeres vortex zone, making it difficult to directly regulate the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact interface in the hearth sidewall, near the taphole, and at the edge of the dead material column. Furthermore, these technologies struggle to simultaneously address the issues of inhibiting silicon migration, promoting sulfur migration, improving slag-iron separation, and renewing the local liquid phase in the hearth under hydrogen-rich conditions.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a gas-solid co-injection device for regulating the slag-iron-coke three-phase interface in the hearth of a hydrogen-rich blast furnace, comprising an external gas supply unit, a conditioning agent silo, a feeding device, a pulse gas control valve, a gas-solid mixing chamber, a pulse pump impeller, a high-temperature resistant injection channel, and a dispersing nozzle. The external gas supply unit is connected to the gas-solid mixing chamber via the pulse gas control valve and is used to periodically supply low-oxygen potential regulating gas to the gas-solid mixing chamber. The conditioning agent silo is connected to the gas-solid mixing chamber via the feeding device and is used to supply alkaline conditioning agent to the gas-solid mixing chamber. The pulse pump impeller is disposed in the gas-solid mixing chamber and is driven to rotate by the low-oxygen potential regulating gas pulse to mix the alkaline conditioning agent with the low-oxygen potential regulating gas to form a gas-solid mixed flow. The gas-solid mixing chamber is connected to the dispersing nozzle via the high-temperature resistant injection channel, and the dispersing nozzle is used to inject the gas-solid mixed flow into the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area of the hearth of the hydrogen-rich blast furnace.
[0009] Furthermore, the gas-solid co-injection device is installed on the side wall of the blast furnace hearth, and preferably arranged in the area 300-1200 mm above the taphole, so that the gas-solid mixed flow can be directed to the local area near the slag and iron discharge channel, the edge of the coke dead material column and the slag and iron interface.
[0010] Further, the low-oxygen potential regulating gas is an H2-N2 mixture, an H2-Ar mixture, a CO-N2 mixture, or hydrogen-rich reducing coal gas. Preferably, the low-oxygen potential regulating gas is an H2-N2 mixture, wherein the volume fraction of H2 is 20%–60% and the volume fraction of N2 is 40%–80%.
[0011] Furthermore, the alkaline conditioning agent is a CaO-MgO based conditioning agent, with a CaO mass fraction of 65%–80%, a MgO mass fraction of 10%–25%, an Al2O3 mass fraction of 0%–10%, a SiO2 mass fraction of no more than 8%, and a particle size of 30–150 μm.
[0012] Furthermore, the feeding device is a high-temperature resistant sealed screw feeder, vibrating feeder, or pneumatic conveying feeder, with a feeding rate of 0.01–2.00 kg / tHM.
[0013] Furthermore, the pulse pump impeller has a hollow structure. The low-oxygen potential regulating gas enters the interior of the pulse pump impeller through its shaft and is ejected in pulses from the injection holes on the back of the impeller, driving the pulse pump impeller to rotate. The number of rotations of the pulse pump impeller is controlled by the number of pulses of the low-oxygen potential regulating gas. The number of rotations of the pulse pump impeller corresponds to the amount of alkaline conditioning agent powder introduced into the gas-solid mixing chamber, thereby controlling the gas-solid two-phase ratio after the low-oxygen potential regulating gas and alkaline conditioning agent are mixed. At the same time, the pulse pump impeller can enhance the mixing uniformity of the low-oxygen potential regulating gas and alkaline conditioning agent and prevent the alkaline conditioning agent from accumulating and clogging in the gas-solid mixing chamber.
[0014] This invention also provides a method for controlling the slag-iron-coke three-phase interface in the hearth of a hydrogen-rich blast furnace. The method employs the aforementioned gas-solid co-injection device, periodically introducing a low-oxygen potential regulating gas into the gas-solid mixing chamber and supplying an alkaline conditioning agent to the chamber. The low-oxygen potential regulating gas drives the rotation of a pulse pump wheel, causing the gas and the alkaline conditioning agent to mix and form a gas-solid mixture. This mixture is then injected into the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area of the hydrogen-rich blast furnace hearth through a high-temperature resistant injection channel and a dispersing nozzle, thereby locally controlling the interface in this area. The number of pulses of the low-oxygen potential regulating gas is adjusted to control the number of rotations of the pulse pump wheel, and the number of rotations of the pulse pump wheel is used to control the amount of alkaline conditioning agent powder introduced, thus regulating the ratio of gas to solid phases in the gas-solid mixture.
[0015] This invention utilizes a gas-solid co-injection device installed on the sidewall or near the taphole of a hydrogen-rich blast furnace. This device directionally injects low-oxygen potential regulating gas and basic conditioning agent into the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area in the form of a gas-solid mixed flow. Compared to traditional tuyeres, this method operates closer to the local reaction interface of the hearth, enabling precise control over the hearth sidewall, near the taphole, and at the edge of the dead material column. The low-oxygen potential regulating gas creates periodic, weak disturbances, promoting local liquid phase renewal in the hearth, reducing slag retention in coke pores and at the edge of the dead material column, and improving slag-iron separation and hearth permeability. The CaO-MgO-based basic conditioning agent, after entering the slag, increases local slag basicity and sulfur capacity, promoting the conversion of sulfur from the molten iron into the furnace. Slag migration facilitates sulfur entry into the slag phase as CaS, MnS, or Ca-Mn-S composite sulfides. Simultaneously, CaO and MgO enhance the slag's structural fixation of SiO2, retaining more Si within the silicate network and reducing its migration into the molten iron. The pulse pump impeller, driven by pulse-controlled gas, rotates at a rate controlled by the number of gas pulses, which in turn corresponds to the amount of conditioning agent powder introduced. This allows for more precise control of the gas-solid two-phase ratio after mixing the conditioning gas and the conditioning agent, improving mixing uniformity and preventing conditioning agent buildup and blockage in the gas-solid mixing chamber. This achieves low-silicon, low-sulfur, stable operation, and controllable local interfacial reactions in the hearth region of the hydrogen-rich blast furnace. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a gas-solid synergistic injection device and method for regulating the three-phase interface of slag, iron, and coke in the hearth of a hydrogen-rich blast furnace according to the present invention.
[0017] Figure 2 This is a 3D view of the pulse pump impeller. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will make the technical content of the present invention clearer and easier to understand. The present invention can be implemented through various different embodiments, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[0019] In the accompanying drawings, components with the same structure or similar function are indicated by the same numerical designation. The dimensions, thicknesses, and proportions of the components in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the specific structural dimensions of the invention. To make the illustrations clearer, the thickness and spacing of some structures in the drawings may be appropriately enlarged.
[0020] like Figure 1As shown, this invention provides a gas-solid co-injection device for controlling the three-phase interface of slag, iron, and coke in the hearth of a hydrogen-rich blast furnace. The device is installed on the side wall of the blast furnace hearth, and is preferentially positioned in the region 300–1200 mm above the taphole. This region is close to the slag and iron discharge channel and adjacent to the contact area of the slag layer, molten iron layer, and dead coke column in the hearth, making it suitable for directional control of the local three-phase interface in the hearth.
[0021] Figure 1 It includes an external gas supply unit 1, a conditioning agent silo 2, a screw feeder 3, a pulse gas control valve 4, a gas-solid mixing chamber 5, a furnace wall 6, a pulse pump wheel 7, a high-temperature resistant blowing channel 9, and a porous ceramic dispersion nozzle 11.
[0022] External gas supply unit 1 is used to supply low-oxygen potential regulating gas to the gas-solid mixing chamber 5. In this embodiment, the low-oxygen potential regulating gas is an H2–N2 mixture, wherein the volume fraction of H2 is 20%–60% and the volume fraction of N2 is 40%–80%. H2 is used to maintain a local low-oxygen potential environment, and N2 is used to dilute the gas and improve injection stability. Depending on the blast furnace production conditions, an H2–Ar mixture, a CO–N2 mixture, or hydrogen-rich reducing gas can also be used.
[0023] Conditioner silo 2 is used to store CaO–MgO-based alkaline conditioners. The conditioner contains 65%–80% CaO, 10%–25% MgO, 0%–10% Al₂O₃, and ≤8% SiO₂. The conditioner particle size is 30–150 μm. After entering the slag, CaO can increase the local basicity and sulfur capacity of the hearth, promoting sulfur migration to the slag phase; MgO can improve the structural stability of the slag and reduce its adverse effects on the hearth refractory materials; and an appropriate amount of Al₂O₃ can adjust the slag viscosity and silicate network structure.
[0024] The screw feeder 3 is located below the conditioning agent silo 2 and is used to control the rate at which the conditioning agent enters the gas-solid mixing chamber 5. In this embodiment, the screw feeder 3 is a high-temperature resistant sealed screw feeder with a feeding rate of 0.01–2.00 kg / tHM. Depending on the production conditions, a vibrating feeder or a pneumatic conveying feeder can also be used.
[0025] The pulse pump wheel 7 is located within the gas-solid mixing chamber 5. See also... Figure 2The pulse pump impeller 7 is hollow. High-pressure, low-oxygen potential regulating gas from the pulse gas control valve 4 enters the pulse pump impeller 7 through its shaft and is then ejected in pulses through a row of injection holes 731 on the back of the impeller 72. This drives the pulse pump impeller 7 to rotate in the opposite direction, pumping in the conditioning agent that enters through the screw feeder 3. After mixing with the regulating gas, the mixture is pumped out as a gas-solid flow through the high-temperature resistant blowing channel 9 and the porous ceramic dispersion nozzle 11. This allows the gas-solid mixture to enter the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area of the hearth in the form of dispersed bubbles and fine particles. The pulse pump impeller 7 is driven to rotate by the pulse regulating gas, so that the number of pump impeller rotations corresponds to the number of gas pulses, and the number of rotations corresponds to the amount of conditioning agent powder brought in, thereby more precisely controlling the gas-solid two-phase ratio after the regulating gas and conditioning agent are mixed. At the same time, the rotation of the pump impeller can enhance the mixing uniformity of the gas and conditioning agent and continuously drive the material flow, avoiding the accumulation of conditioning agent in the gas-solid mixing chamber and causing blockage.
[0026] Upon entering the hearth, the low-oxygen potential regulating gas creates localized weak disturbances in the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area, promoting local liquid phase renewal and reducing excessive slag retention in coke pores and dead material column edges. The CaO-MgO-based conditioning agent, upon entering the slag, increases local slag basicity and sulfur capacity, promoting sulfur migration from the molten iron to the slag and causing sulfur to enter the slag phase in the form of CaS, MnS, or Ca-Mn-S complex sulfides. Simultaneously, CaO and MgO enhance the slag's structural fixation of SiO2, allowing more Si to remain in the silicate network structure and reducing the tendency for Si to migrate into the molten iron.
[0027] When the Si content in the molten iron increases, the control system increases the feed rate of the CaO-MgO-based quenching agent and appropriately increases the injection frequency to enhance the local slag's ability to fix SiO2. When the S content in the molten iron increases, the control system increases the CaO proportion in the quenching agent or extends the single injection time to increase the local slag sulfur capacity. When the hearth pressure difference increases or slag-iron separation deteriorates, the control system increases the injection rate of low-oxygen potential regulating gas or extends the purging time to enhance the local liquid phase renewal capacity.
[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the structure, installation location, spraying medium, conditioning agent composition, spraying parameters, and control methods of the present invention without departing from its conceptual framework. Therefore, any technical solution that can be obtained based on the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A gas-solid synergistic injection device for regulating the slag-iron-coke three-phase interface of a hydrogen-rich blast furnace hearth, comprising an external gas supply unit, a conditioning agent bin, a feeding device, a pulse gas control valve, a gas-solid mixing chamber, a pulse pump wheel, a high-temperature-resistant injection channel, and a dispersion nozzle, characterized in that, An external gas supply unit is connected to the gas-solid mixing chamber via a pulse gas control valve to periodically supply low-oxygen potential regulating gas to the gas-solid mixing chamber; a conditioning agent silo is connected to the gas-solid mixing chamber via a feeding device to supply alkaline conditioning agent to the gas-solid mixing chamber; a pulse pump wheel is installed inside the gas-solid mixing chamber and is driven to rotate by the low-oxygen potential regulating gas pulse to mix the alkaline conditioning agent with the low-oxygen potential regulating gas to form a gas-solid mixed flow; the gas-solid mixing chamber is connected to a dispersion nozzle via a high-temperature resistant blowing channel, and the dispersion nozzle is used to spray the gas-solid mixed flow into the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area of the hydrogen-rich blast furnace hearth.
2. The gas-solid synergistic injection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas-solid co-injection device is installed on the side wall of the blast furnace hearth and arranged in an area 300-1200mm above the taphole.
3. The gas-solid synergistic injection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low oxygen potential regulating gas is a mixture of H2-N2, H2-Ar, CO-N2, or hydrogen-rich reducing coal gas.
4. The gas-solid synergistic spraying device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The low oxygen potential regulating gas is a mixture of H2 and N2, with H2 volume fraction of 20% to 60% and N2 volume fraction of 40% to 80%.
5. The gas-solid synergistic injection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alkaline conditioning agent is a CaO-MgO based conditioning agent, with a CaO mass fraction of 65%–80%, a MgO mass fraction of 10%–25%, an Al2O3 mass fraction of 0%–10%, a SiO2 mass fraction of no more than 8%, and a particle size of 30–150 μm.
6. The gas-solid synergistic injection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device is a high-temperature resistant sealed screw feeder, vibrating feeder or pneumatic conveying feeder, with a feeding rate of 0.01~2.00kg / tHM.
7. The gas-solid synergistic injection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse pump impeller has a hollow structure. The low oxygen potential regulating gas enters the pulse pump impeller through the shaft and is ejected in a pulse form from the injection holes on the back of the impeller to drive the pulse pump impeller to rotate.
8. The gas-solid synergistic jetting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of rotations of the pulse pump wheel is controlled by the number of pulses of the low-oxygen potential regulating gas. The number of rotations of the pulse pump wheel corresponds to the amount of alkaline conditioning agent powder introduced into the gas-solid mixing chamber, so as to control the gas-solid two-phase ratio after the low-oxygen potential regulating gas and the alkaline conditioning agent are mixed. The pulse pump wheel is also used to enhance the mixing uniformity of the low-oxygen potential regulating gas and the alkaline conditioning agent and to prevent the alkaline conditioning agent from accumulating and blocking in the gas-solid mixing chamber.
9. A method for controlling the three-phase interface of slag, iron, and coke in the hearth of a hydrogen-rich blast furnace, characterized in that, Using the gas-solid co-injection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, a low-oxygen potential regulating gas is periodically introduced into the gas-solid mixing chamber, and an alkaline conditioning agent is supplied to the gas-solid mixing chamber; the low-oxygen potential regulating gas drives the pulse pump wheel to rotate, so that the low-oxygen potential regulating gas and the alkaline conditioning agent are mixed to form a gas-solid mixed flow; the gas-solid mixed flow is injected into the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area of the hearth of the hydrogen-rich blast furnace through a high-temperature resistant injection channel and a dispersion nozzle, so as to perform local interface regulation in the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area.
10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The number of pulses of the low-oxygen potential regulating gas is adjusted to control the number of rotations of the pulse pump wheel, and the number of rotations of the pulse pump wheel is used to control the amount of alkaline conditioning agent powder introduced, thereby regulating the ratio of gas phase to solid phase in the gas-solid mixture. After the gas-solid mixture enters the slag-iron-coke three-phase contact area, the low-oxygen potential regulating gas forms local weak disturbances and promotes local liquid phase renewal in the hearth. The alkaline conditioning agent increases the local slag basicity and sulfur capacity, and enhances the slag's structural fixation effect on SiO2.