A nuclear energy-industrial waste heat co-energy hydrogen production system and a dynamic regulation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of nuclear energy-industrial waste heat collaborative energy supply's hydrogen production system and dynamic control method, it is related to nuclear energy hydrogen production technical field, wherein, nuclear energy-industrial waste heat collaborative energy supply's hydrogen production system includes: nuclear energy heat source, industrial waste heat source, heat storage module and hydrogen production module;Heat storage module has high-temperature unit and low-temperature unit, and low-temperature unit is bidirectionally communicated with high-temperature unit;Nuclear energy heat source is connected with high-temperature unit, industrial waste heat source is connected with low-temperature unit, and heat storage module is connected with hydrogen production module.The technical scheme of the present application ingeniously combines nuclear energy heat source and industrial waste heat source, achieves the efficient integration and collaboration of different heat sources, and supplies energy for hydrogen production module.This scheme fully taps the potential of various energy sources, significantly improves energy utilization efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear energy hydrogen production technology, specifically to a hydrogen production system and dynamic control method that utilizes nuclear energy and industrial waste heat for synergistic energy supply. Background Technology

[0002] SOEC (Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) hydrogen production is a high-temperature (600–1000℃) steam electrolysis technology. Essentially, it is the reverse process of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Because it utilizes thermal energy to significantly reduce electrical energy consumption, it is one of the theoretically most efficient water electrolysis hydrogen production routes. The typical operating temperature for SOEC hydrogen production is 600–850℃, and its efficiency is highly sensitive to temperature; a temperature fluctuation of ±50℃ can result in a corresponding change in efficiency of ±8%.

[0003] The High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR / HTR) is one of the six candidate reactor types for Generation IV nuclear energy systems. Its full name is usually Pebble Bed / Prismatic High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR-PM / PBMR). It uses helium as a coolant and graphite as a moderator and structural material, achieving outlet temperatures of 700–950°C (even >1000°C). It is currently the only nuclear reactor that can be directly thermally coupled with SOEC hydrogen production. When SOEC hydrogen production relies solely on nuclear energy as a heat source, the reactor unit of the SOEC hydrogen production module needs to be maintained at a constant high temperature of 800°C. To prevent fluctuations in the nuclear heat source, a thermal storage module is required to smooth out transient thermal fluctuations.

[0004] Meanwhile, industrial waste heat, such as that generated by the steel and chemical industries, typically ranges in temperature between 200-400℃. Since this temperature is below 600℃, it cannot be directly applied to the high-temperature electrolysis process of SOEC hydrogen production. The current lack of multi-energy complementary systems and dynamic control strategies results in shortcomings in both the economic efficiency and reliability of the entire system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a hydrogen production system and dynamic control method that combines nuclear energy and industrial waste heat for energy supply, in order to solve the current problem of lack of multi-energy complementary systems and dynamic control strategies.

[0006] This invention provides a hydrogen production system that uses nuclear energy and industrial waste heat for synergistic energy supply, comprising: a nuclear energy heat source, an industrial waste heat source, a heat storage module, and a hydrogen production module; The thermal storage module has a high-temperature unit and a medium-low temperature unit, and the medium-low temperature unit is bidirectionally connected to the high-temperature unit. The nuclear heat source is connected to the high-temperature unit, the industrial waste heat source is connected to the medium-low temperature unit, and the heat storage module is connected to the hydrogen production module.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention combines a nuclear heat source with an industrial waste heat source to power a hydrogen production system. The nuclear heat source is connected to the high-temperature unit of the energy storage module, while the industrial waste heat source is connected to the medium- and low-temperature unit of the energy storage module, with bidirectional communication between the two units. This arrangement allows the heat from the high-temperature and medium- and low-temperature units to mix, thereby more effectively storing and distributing heat energy in different temperature ranges, providing a solid guarantee for stable heating of the hydrogen production system. Furthermore, this connection method successfully achieves the rational docking of different heat sources with the hydrogen production module, allowing heat energy of different qualities to be precisely applied to the corresponding stages of the hydrogen production process, further optimizing energy distribution.

[0008] Optionally, the heat storage module uses molten salt phase change material as the heat transfer medium for heat storage.

[0009] Optionally, a variable frequency circulating pump is connected to the molten salt delivery pipeline of the thermal storage module.

[0010] Optionally, the outlet of the industrial waste heat source is connected to a waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler exchanges heat with the heat storage module through a heat exchanger.

[0011] Optionally, an electric regulating valve is connected to the waste heat delivery pipeline of the waste heat boiler.

[0012] Optionally, the medium-low temperature unit includes a low temperature section and a medium temperature section connected in sequence, and the waste heat boiler is connected to the low temperature section.

[0013] Optionally, the hydrogen production module has multiple independently temperature-controlled fuel cell stack units.

[0014] Optionally, each of the said fuel cell stack units has a separate heat exchange branch, temperature sensor and current regulation loop.

[0015] This invention also provides a dynamic control method for a hydrogen production system that utilizes nuclear energy and industrial waste heat for synergistic energy supply, comprising the following steps: A control unit is used to connect the nuclear heat source, industrial waste heat source, heat storage module and hydrogen production module respectively; The control unit controls the storage of heat from nuclear energy heat sources and industrial waste heat sources into the heat storage module, and controls the heat storage module to supply heat to the hydrogen production module according to the operating conditions of the hydrogen production module.

[0016] Optionally, the control unit employs a variable frequency circulating pump to continuously regulate the flow rate of the molten salt delivery pipeline; The control unit corrects the opening of the electric regulating valve on the waste heat transmission pipeline between the industrial waste heat source and the waste heat boiler in real time based on the temperature difference between the actual value and the set value of the low temperature unit of the heat storage module. The electric regulating valve employs small-amplitude, high-frequency fine-tuning. Under extreme conditions where heat source fluctuations are severe and single-path parameter adjustment cannot stabilize the temperature, the control unit performs differentiated load distribution on multiple stack units of the hydrogen production module. Most stack units maintain rated constant temperature operation, a few stack units adjust current density to reduce load, and a very small number of redundant stack units are shut down. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A front view of a hydrogen production system that utilizes nuclear energy and industrial waste heat for synergistic energy supply, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A front view of another hydrogen production system that utilizes nuclear energy and industrial waste heat co-generation, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A front view of another hydrogen production system that utilizes nuclear energy and industrial waste heat in a collaborative manner, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front view of another hydrogen production system that utilizes nuclear energy and industrial waste heat in a collaborative energy supply, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1. Nuclear heat source; 2. Industrial waste heat source; 201. Waste heat boiler; 3. Thermal storage module; 301. High temperature unit; 302. Medium and low temperature unit; 3021. Low temperature section; 3022. Medium temperature section; 4. Hydrogen production module; 401. Fuel cell stack unit; 5. Control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 The figure shown is a specific implementation of the hydrogen production system that uses nuclear energy and industrial waste heat for synergistic energy supply provided in this embodiment, including: nuclear energy heat source 1, industrial waste heat source 2, heat storage module 3 and hydrogen production module 4.

[0025] The heat storage module 3 has a high-temperature unit 301 and a medium-low temperature unit 302, and the medium-low temperature unit 302 is bidirectionally connected to the high-temperature unit 301; this arrangement allows the heat from the high-temperature unit 301 and the medium-low temperature unit 302 to mix with each other.

[0026] The nuclear heat source 1 is connected to the high-temperature unit 301, the industrial waste heat source 2 is connected to the medium-low temperature unit 302, and the thermal storage module 3 is connected to the hydrogen production module 4. Specifically, the thermal storage module 3 can be connected to the hydrogen production module 4 via the high-temperature unit 301, or via the medium-low temperature unit 302, or both the high-temperature unit 301 and the medium-low temperature unit 302 can be connected to the hydrogen production module 4.

[0027] The nuclear energy-industrial waste heat co-powered hydrogen production system provided in this embodiment combines a nuclear heat source 1 and an industrial waste heat source 2 to power the hydrogen production system. The nuclear heat source 1 is connected to the high-temperature unit 301 of the energy storage module, while the industrial waste heat source 2 is connected to the medium- and low-temperature unit 302 of the energy storage module. The medium- and low-temperature unit 302 and the high-temperature unit 301 are bidirectionally connected. This configuration allows the heat from the high-temperature unit 301 and the medium- and low-temperature unit 302 to mix, thereby more effectively storing and distributing heat energy in different temperature ranges, providing a solid guarantee for stable heating of the hydrogen production system. Furthermore, this connection method successfully achieves the rational docking of different heat sources with the hydrogen production module 4, allowing heat energy of different qualities to be precisely applied to the corresponding stages of the hydrogen production process, further optimizing energy distribution.

[0028] Using the above scheme, when the output power of nuclear heat source 1 decreases, the core heat flux is insufficient, and the heat load gap of hydrogen production module 4 increases, the waste heat coupling valve is intelligently opened to supplement medium-temperature heat and fill the system heat load trough; during the normal output period of nuclear heat source 1, the waste heat flux is reduced to avoid overloading the total system heat load. Through waste heat cascade coupling heat supplementation, the utilization rate of the original industrial waste heat is increased from 30% to 65%, while utilizing the flexible and adjustable characteristics of waste heat to assist in smoothing the primary heat load on the heat source side.

[0029] In some embodiments, the thermal storage module 3 uses molten salt phase change material as the heat transfer medium for thermal storage. This configuration can effectively mitigate transient thermal fluctuations in nuclear energy, reduce the amplitude of temperature fluctuations in the primary heat source, create favorable conditions for smooth adjustment of the downstream heat load, improve energy utilization efficiency and the overall operating efficiency of the hydrogen production system, and help optimize the hydrogen production process and reduce production costs.

[0030] Molten salt phase change materials possess unique thermophysical properties, absorbing or releasing significant amounts of latent heat during phase transitions. When transient thermal fluctuations occur in nuclear energy, as the temperature rises, the molten salt phase change material absorbs heat and undergoes a phase transition, storing the excess heat as latent heat while its own temperature remains essentially constant throughout the transition. This effectively buffers the thermal fluctuations and mitigates rapid temperature increases. When the temperature decreases, the phase change material undergoes a reverse phase transition, releasing the stored latent heat and maintaining relative temperature stability. This characteristic allows it to act as a "heat buffer," absorbing and releasing transient thermal fluctuations in nuclear energy and reducing the amplitude of temperature fluctuations in the primary heat source.

[0031] In some embodiments, a variable frequency circulating pump is connected to the molten salt delivery pipeline of the thermal storage module 3. The variable frequency circulating pump can continuously adjust the flow rate of the molten salt delivery pipeline according to system requirements by changing the motor speed, thereby changing the mass of molten salt phase change material passing through the loop per unit time and achieving linear adjustment of the heat flow rate. During the predicted heat load increase phase, by gradually increasing the motor speed, the flow rate of the molten salt phase change material is slowly increased, and the high-temperature heat flow rate can be linearly increased according to the trend of heat load growth. During the heat load decrease phase, the motor speed is reduced, causing the flow rate of the molten salt phase change material to decrease slowly, and some of the molten salt phase change material remains in the thermal storage module 3 to store heat, thereby slowing down the heat flow output.

[0032] Reference Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the hydrogen production module 4 has multiple independently temperature-controlled fuel cell stack units 401. This configuration enhances the adaptability of the hydrogen production module 4 to various complex operating conditions and improves the stability and reliability of system operation. Regardless of fluctuations in the heat source or changes in the system's operating state, the hydrogen production process can be maintained stably through independent temperature control of each fuel cell stack unit 401, reducing the possibility of hydrogen production interruptions or significant efficiency drops due to changes in operating conditions.

[0033] In some embodiments, each group of fuel cell stack units 401 has a separate heat exchange branch, temperature sensor, and current control loop. Each fuel cell stack unit 401 is equipped with a separate heat exchange branch, allowing for independent adjustment of the heat exchange process for each fuel cell stack unit 401. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the fuel cell stack unit 401 in real time and feeds the temperature signal back to the control unit 5. The control unit 5 precisely controls the temperature of the fuel cell stack unit 401 by adjusting the flow rate, velocity, or temperature of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange branch according to a preset optimal reaction temperature value. This ensures that each fuel cell stack unit 401 is always at its optimal reaction temperature, improving the efficiency and stability of the hydrogen production reaction. Precise temperature control helps reduce problems such as decreased hydrogen production efficiency and reduced product purity caused by temperature fluctuations, while also extending the service life of the fuel cell stack unit 401 and reducing maintenance costs.

[0034] Reference Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the low-temperature unit 302 includes a low-temperature section 3021 and a medium-temperature section 3022 connected in sequence. The waste heat boiler 201 is connected to the low-temperature section 3021, and the low-temperature section 3021 is connected to the medium-temperature section 3022. The hydrogen production module 4 typically has specific requirements for the temperature of the input thermal energy. The medium-temperature section 3022 is connected to the hydrogen production module 4 and can deliver the thermal energy, which has undergone preliminary treatment in the low-temperature section 3021 and further optimization in the medium-temperature section 3022, to the hydrogen production module 4 at a suitable temperature and with a stable heat flow. The medium-temperature section 3022 can regulate and buffer the thermal energy to a certain extent, ensuring that the thermal energy supplied to the hydrogen production module 4 meets its reaction conditions.

[0035] Reference Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the outlet of the industrial waste heat source 2 is connected to a waste heat boiler 201, which exchanges heat with the heat storage module 3 through a heat exchanger. By installing the waste heat boiler 201, low-grade industrial waste heat that was originally difficult to utilize can be converted into a more valuable medium-temperature heat source, improving the utilization rate of waste heat and creating better conditions for subsequent coupling with nuclear energy systems, effectively improving energy recovery and utilization efficiency. Specifically, the 200-400℃ low-temperature flue gas and wastewater waste heat emitted by industries such as chemical, thermal power, and metallurgy are inherently low in grade and difficult to utilize directly and efficiently. The waste heat boiler 201 utilizes this waste heat to cause a phase change in the working fluid, absorbing heat and achieving heat enrichment during the phase change process. By controlling the operating parameters of the waste heat boiler 201, the low-grade waste heat can be stably increased to a 400-500℃ medium-temperature heat source. By bringing the temperature of industrial waste heat close to that of the low-temperature section 3021 of the thermal storage module 3, the localized thermal surge caused by excessive temperature difference when high-temperature waste heat directly impacts the high-temperature molten salt phase change material pipeline is avoided. A thermal surge can cause thermal stress concentration in the pipeline material, accelerating material aging and damage. The low-temperature, same-temperature coupling effectively reduces this risk. This ensures the safe and stable operation of the molten salt transport pipeline, extends the service life of the pipeline and related equipment, and reduces system failures and maintenance costs that may result from thermal shock.

[0036] In summary, the technical solution of this embodiment achieves smooth adjustment of the primary heat load on the heat source side, improves the adaptability of the entire system to different operating conditions, ensures the stability of the heat input of SOEC hydrogen production module 4, and further improves hydrogen production efficiency and product quality. Simultaneously, through waste heat cascade coupling supplementary heating, the utilization rate of the original industrial waste heat is increased from 30% to 65%, significantly improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0037] In some embodiments, an electrically controlled regulating valve is connected to the waste heat delivery pipeline of the waste heat boiler 201. During operation, the valve is fine-tuned with small amplitude and high frequency. This design avoids a series of problems that may arise from rapid temperature changes, protecting the waste heat boiler 201, the molten salt phase change material pipeline, and other related equipment. It reduces the risk of equipment damage and failure due to thermal shock, lowers equipment maintenance and replacement costs, and improves the reliability and stability of the entire hydrogen production system. Simultaneously, the smooth temperature gradient facilitates a more stable and efficient phase change process within the waste heat boiler 201 and the subsequent heat exchange process in the hydrogen production system, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0038] Specifically, during the process of transferring industrial waste heat from industrial waste heat source 2 to waste heat boiler 201, changes in heat flow directly affect the temperature. The electric regulating valve employs a small-amplitude, high-frequency fine-tuning method, meaning that the change in valve opening is small each time, but the adjustment frequency is high. When the system detects that the temperature or heat flow needs adjustment, the electric regulating valve does not suddenly change the opening drastically, but adjusts it in small increments multiple times within a short period. For example, if an increase in waste heat flow is required, the electric regulating valve increases the opening by only a very small percentage each time, such as 0.5%, making such a fine-tuning adjustment every short interval (e.g., 1-2 seconds). In this way, the waste heat flow entering waste heat boiler 201 increases gradually and steadily, resulting in a slow and smooth temperature rise within waste heat boiler 201 and at the subsequent coupling point with the molten salt conveying pipeline, ensuring a smooth transition of the temperature gradient.

[0039] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention also provide a dynamic control method for a hydrogen production system that utilizes nuclear energy and industrial waste heat for synergistic energy supply, referring to... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps: A control unit 5 is used to connect to the nuclear heat source 1, the industrial waste heat source 2, the heat storage module 3, and the hydrogen production module 4 respectively; The control unit 5 controls the storage of heat from the nuclear heat source 1 and the industrial waste heat source 2 into the heat storage module 3, and controls the heat storage module 3 to supply heat to the hydrogen production module 4 according to the operating conditions of the hydrogen production module 4.

[0040] Through the coordinated management of control unit 5, the efficient integration and utilization of nuclear energy and industrial waste heat—two different heat sources—is achieved, improving energy efficiency, reducing energy waste and loss, and lowering hydrogen production costs. Simultaneously, it ensures stable operation of hydrogen production module 4 under various operating conditions, improving the reliability and stability of the hydrogen production system.

[0041] Specifically, the control unit 5, acting as the "brain" of the entire system, connects to the nuclear heat source 1, industrial waste heat source 2, thermal storage module 3, and hydrogen production module 4, forming an information interaction and control network. Through this network, the control unit 5 can obtain real-time operational status information for each component, including: the output power of the nuclear heat source 1, the amount of waste heat generated by the industrial waste heat source 2, the thermal storage status of the thermal storage module 3, and the heat demand of the hydrogen production module 4. Based on this information, the control unit 5 can precisely control the heat transfer from the nuclear heat source 1 and the industrial waste heat source 2 to the thermal storage module 3. When the industrial waste heat source 2 generates a large amount of waste heat and the heat demand of the hydrogen production module 4 is relatively low, the control unit 5 will instruct the industrial waste heat source 2 to store the excess waste heat in the thermal storage module 3, avoiding waste. Simultaneously, when the heat demand of the hydrogen production module 4 changes, the control unit 5 can precisely adjust the rate and amount of heat supplied from the thermal storage module 3 to the hydrogen production module 4 according to its operating conditions, ensuring that the hydrogen production module 4 always receives a suitable heat supply.

[0042] In some embodiments, the control unit 5 employs a variable frequency circulating pump to continuously regulate the flow rate of the molten salt delivery pipeline in the heat storage module 3. The variable frequency circulating pump adjusts the flow rate of the molten salt phase change material in the loop by changing the motor speed. Based on the real-time operating conditions of the hydrogen production module 4 and the heat storage status of the heat storage module 3, the control unit 5 sends a control signal to the variable frequency circulating pump to adjust its speed. When the heat load of the hydrogen production module 4 increases and more heat is required, the control unit 5 increases the speed of the variable frequency circulating pump, increasing the flow rate of the molten salt phase change material, thereby carrying more heat from the heat storage module 3 to the hydrogen production module 4; conversely, when the heat load decreases, the control unit 5 reduces the pump speed, reducing the flow rate of the molten salt phase change material and precisely controlling the amount of heat transferred. Since the molten salt phase change material acts as a heat transfer medium, its flow rate is directly related to the heat it carries. By precisely adjusting the flow rate of the molten salt phase change material, the heat acquired by the hydrogen module 4 can be precisely controlled.

[0043] During the operation of a hydrogen production system, the heat load may fluctuate. The variable frequency circulating pump can continuously and smoothly adjust the flow rate of the molten salt phase change material, avoiding the sudden changes in heat flow caused by the on / off regulation of traditional pumps. During the heat load increase phase, the variable frequency circulating pump slowly increases its speed, gradually increasing the flow rate of the molten salt phase change material, and the heat output also increases steadily. During the heat load decrease phase, the pump slowly decreases its speed, gradually reducing the flow rate of the molten salt phase change material, and the heat output decreases steadily. This smooth flow regulation ensures uniform heat flow changes entering the hydrogen production module 4, preventing abrupt fluctuations in heat flow and thus reducing thermal shock to the hydrogen production module 4 and other equipment in the entire system.

[0044] In some embodiments, the control unit 5 corrects the opening of the electric regulating valve on the waste heat transmission pipeline between the industrial waste heat source 2 and the waste heat boiler 201 in real time based on the temperature difference between the actual value and the set value of the low-temperature unit 302 of the heat storage module 3.

[0045] During operation, the hydrogen production system is affected by various factors, such as fluctuations in the amount of waste heat generated by industrial waste heat source 2 and changes in ambient temperature. These factors may cause temperature changes in the low-temperature unit 302 within the heat storage module 3. The control unit 5 can sense these temperature changes in real time and react quickly by adjusting the opening of the electric regulating valve to regulate the waste heat input. When the amount of waste heat generated by industrial waste heat source 2 suddenly increases, the temperature of the low-temperature unit 302 may rise rapidly. The control unit 5 immediately reduces the opening of the electric regulating valve to stabilize the temperature of the low-temperature unit 302. This adaptive adjustment mechanism enables the system to cope with various complex operating conditions.

[0046] Using the above technical solution, the control unit 5 continuously monitors the actual temperature of the low-temperature unit 302 in the thermal storage module 3 and compares it with a preset target temperature value. When the actual temperature is lower than the set value, it means that the low-temperature unit 302 needs more heat. At this time, the control unit 5 will increase the opening of the electric regulating valve between the industrial waste heat source 2 and the waste heat boiler 201. The increased opening allows more industrial waste heat to enter the waste heat boiler 201. After being enriched by the waste heat boiler 201, the heat is transferred to the low-temperature unit 302 in the thermal storage module 3, thereby raising its temperature. Conversely, when the actual temperature is higher than the set value, the control unit 5 reduces the opening of the electric regulating valve to reduce the input of industrial waste heat and prevent the temperature of the low-temperature unit 302 from becoming too high. By comparing the temperature difference in real time and adjusting the opening of the electric regulating valve accordingly, precise control of the waste heat entering the low-temperature unit 302 in the thermal storage module 3 is achieved.

[0047] In some implementations, under extreme conditions of severe heat source fluctuations, when the temperature of the hydrogen production module 4 cannot be stabilized by single-path parameter adjustment methods such as adjusting the flow rate of the molten salt phase change material in the heat storage module 3 and correcting the opening of the electric regulating valve on the waste heat delivery pipeline, the control unit 5 initiates a differentiated load allocation strategy for multiple sets of fuel cell stack units 401.

[0048] Most fuel cell stack units 401 maintain rated constant temperature operation. These units continue to operate under normal hydrogen production reaction conditions, ensuring a certain amount of hydrogen production and maintaining the system's basic operational functions. A few fuel cell stack units 401 undergo current density reduction regulation. Since the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction is related to the current density, reducing the current density can reduce heat generation, thereby alleviating the pressure of temperature rise caused by heat source fluctuations. A very small number of redundant fuel cell stack units 401 are shut down, directly stopping the electrochemical reaction of these units, further reducing the overall heat generation of the system and preventing irreversible damage to the fuel cell stack due to excessive temperature.

[0049] Through this differentiated load allocation, the control unit 5 regulates the temperature at the stack unit 401 level, ensuring that the hydrogen production module 4 can still operate relatively stably under extreme conditions. By grouping and staggering peak adjustments, the thermal shock caused by heat source fluctuations is dispersed, keeping the heat load change rate of a single stack unit 401 within an extremely low range, ensuring that the overall electrolysis efficiency is stably maintained at 90%~92%, with an electrolysis efficiency fluctuation deviation of less than 2%.

[0050] This configuration avoids temperature runaway in the hydrogen production system due to heat source fluctuations, prevents equipment damage from overheating, ensures continuous operation of the hydrogen production system under extreme conditions, reduces the risk of production interruption, and maintains a stable supply of hydrogen. At the same time, this strategy helps protect the fuel cell stack 401, extends its service life, and reduces long-term operating costs.

[0051] The technical solution adopted in this embodiment achieves a comprehensive thermal efficiency (hydrogen production + waste heat recovery) of ≥80%, which is far higher than the 65% thermal efficiency of traditional nuclear energy coupling systems; the steady-state operating temperature fluctuation of the hydrogen production module 4 is controlled within ±10℃, which is significantly optimized compared to ±30℃ of traditional systems; the industrial waste heat utilization rate is increased from 30% to 65%, and the equivalent waste heat utilization rate is increased by 117%; the adjustable range of nuclear energy heat source 1 is widened, and the peak-shaving capacity is improved by 30%; the system does not require frequent start-up and shutdown, nor does it require continuous full-load operation of high-temperature heat sources, reducing annual operating costs by 25%, and has extremely strong engineering and industrial application value.

[0052] In some embodiments, the control unit 5 can also use a PLC programmable controller as the underlying execution hardware, equipped with an LSTM long short-term memory neural network AI prediction model, to collect multi-dimensional operating parameters in real time, such as the nuclear reactor core heat output power, molten salt inlet and outlet temperatures, industrial waste heat flue gas temperature and flow rate, SOEC stack temperatures, current density, electrolysis voltage, external grid hydrogen demand, and the charging and discharging status of the thermal storage module 3. Based on historical time-series data and load fluctuation patterns, the AI ​​prediction model predicts the system heat load change trend for the next 1-2 hours. It employs a dual control logic of feedforward prediction and feedback correction to coordinate and fine-tune the five regulating variables, achieving smooth and continuous dynamic control of the heat load throughout the entire process without abrupt changes or shocks. Of course, the above description is not restrictive; in some alternative embodiments, the AI ​​prediction model can be omitted.

[0053] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen production system that utilizes nuclear energy and industrial waste heat for synergistic energy supply, characterized in that, include: Nuclear heat source (1), industrial waste heat source (2), heat storage module (3) and hydrogen production module (4); The thermal storage module (3) has a high-temperature unit (301) and a medium-low temperature unit (302), and the medium-low temperature unit (302) is bidirectionally connected to the high-temperature unit (301); The nuclear heat source (1) is connected to the high-temperature unit (301), the industrial waste heat source (2) is connected to the medium-low temperature unit (302), and the heat storage module (3) is connected to the hydrogen production module (4).

2. The hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and industrial waste heat co-generation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat storage module (3) uses molten salt phase change material as the heat transfer medium for heat storage.

3. The hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and industrial waste heat co-generation as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A variable frequency circulating pump is connected to the molten salt delivery pipeline of the thermal storage module (3).

4. The hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and industrial waste heat co-generation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet of the industrial waste heat source (2) is connected to a waste heat boiler (201), and the waste heat boiler (201) exchanges heat with the heat storage module (3) through a heat exchanger.

5. The hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and industrial waste heat co-generation as described in claim 4, characterized in that, An electric regulating valve is connected to the waste heat transmission pipeline of the waste heat boiler (201).

6. The hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and industrial waste heat co-generation as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The medium and low temperature unit (302) includes a low temperature section (3021) and a medium temperature section (3022) connected in sequence, and the waste heat boiler (201) is connected to the low temperature section (3021).

7. The hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and industrial waste heat co-generation according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The hydrogen production module (4) has multiple independently temperature-controlled fuel cell stack units (401).

8. The hydrogen production system based on nuclear energy and industrial waste heat co-generation as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Each of the said fuel cell stack units (401) has a separate heat exchange branch, temperature sensor and current regulation loop.

9. A dynamic control method for a hydrogen production system using nuclear energy and industrial waste heat synergistic power supply as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A control unit (5) is used to connect to the nuclear heat source (1), the industrial waste heat source (2), the heat storage module (3), and the hydrogen production module (4). The control unit (5) controls the storage of heat from the nuclear heat source (1) and the industrial waste heat source (2) into the heat storage module (3), and controls the heat storage module (3) to supply heat to the hydrogen production module (4) according to the operating conditions of the hydrogen production module (4).

10. The dynamic control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The control unit (5) uses a variable frequency circulating pump to continuously adjust the flow rate of the molten salt conveying pipeline; The control unit (5) corrects the opening of the electric regulating valve on the waste heat transmission pipeline between the industrial waste heat source (2) and the waste heat boiler (201) in real time based on the temperature difference between the actual value and the set value of the medium and low temperature unit (302) of the heat storage module (3). The electric regulating valve employs small-amplitude, high-frequency fine-tuning. Under extreme conditions where the heat source fluctuates violently and single-path parameter adjustment cannot stabilize the temperature, the control unit (5) performs differentiated load distribution on the multiple stack units (401) of the hydrogen production module (4). Most stack units (401) maintain rated constant temperature operation, a few stack units (401) adjust the current density, and a very small number of redundant stack units (401) are shut down.

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