Liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water-sand separation and intelligent linkage control

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of channel energy dissipation pier, and discloses a water-sand separation and intelligent linkage control liftable channel energy dissipation pier, which comprises an energy dissipation telescopic shell, the top of the energy dissipation telescopic shell is provided with a solar cell panel, a signal antenna and four water level monitoring modules, the water level monitoring modules are used for detecting the water level height of the water flow flowing through the energy dissipation telescopic shell; a bivalve filter sand module assembly is arranged centrally in the energy dissipation telescopic shell, a PLC controller is mounted on the side edge of the filter sand box body, differential pressure sensors are arranged in the filter sand box body, and a silt deposition thickness capacitance detection sensor is arranged in the electric capacity silt setting assembly; the present application realizes the grading separation of different particle size silt by using the bivalve filter sand piece module. The present application opens the silt discharge gate plate of the silt discharge gate assembly and constructs a low-resistance discharge channel by using a flow guide groove, concentrates the silt in the bivalve filter sand piece module and the silt in each electric capacity silt setting box body, and realizes online self-dredging without water stop and manual intervention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of channel energy dissipation pier technology, specifically a liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control. Background Technology

[0002] At the engineering application level, the safe and stable operation of irrigation canal energy dissipation facilities is the core foundation for ensuring water conveyance efficiency and agricultural production in irrigation areas. Meanwhile, freeze-thaw protection and intelligent operation and maintenance of hydraulic structures in cold regions are also key issues that urgently need to be addressed in the modernization of water conservancy projects. With the deepening of the continued construction and modernization of irrigation areas in my country, the need for coordinated development of both is becoming increasingly urgent. Firstly, irrigation canals in cold regions are generally characterized by large fluctuations in flow rate with the irrigation season, high sediment content in the water flow, and severe freeze-thaw cycles in winter. Traditional fixed concrete stilling piers, due to their fixed form, are difficult to adapt to large-scale changes in flow rate. At high water levels, their energy dissipation effect is insufficient, which can easily cause downstream scouring and damage. At low water levels, they also cause unnecessary head loss, which seriously restricts the water conveyance efficiency and operational safety of the irrigation area.

[0003] Secondly, the high sediment content of the Yellow River significantly increases the impact energy of high-speed water flow, exacerbating the damage to canal structures. At the same time, traditional energy dissipation piles, due to their poor controllability in the energy dissipation zone after the gate, lead to a certain degree of sediment accumulation. This vicious cycle gradually weakens the energy dissipation effect and also changes the flow pattern of the canal, exacerbating local scouring.

[0004] Third, the long and extremely cold winters in northern cold regions make the concrete structures in the water level fluctuation zones of channels prone to surface spalling, steel corrosion, and structural cracking under frequent freeze-thaw cycles. Existing stilling piers generally suffer from severe freeze-thaw aging and significantly shortened service life due to design and material defects.

[0005] Current energy dissipation and scour prevention technologies for irrigation canals have significant limitations in engineering practice, failing to simultaneously meet the multiple requirements of dynamic adjustment of energy dissipation efficiency, online sediment control, active freeze-thaw protection, coordinated regulation of pier groups, and intelligent operation and maintenance. Existing research and applications largely focus on optimizing the shape of stilling piers and fixed protection measures. Their technical systems typically use energy dissipation rates under specific conditions (a certain flow rate, a certain water level, a certain silt content, etc.) as the design basis. Although comprehensive optimization is employed, significant shortcomings remain. For example, most studies only measure the energy dissipation effect at a fixed water level through hydraulic model tests, failing to reflect the adaptability of energy dissipation facilities across the entire flow range, and also struggling to assess their performance degradation under long-term sediment deposition and freeze-thaw cycles. This singular, static design approach is ill-suited to the engineering needs of irrigation canals operating under complex conditions in cold regions.

[0006] The existing conventional technical contradictions manifest themselves in the following ways: achieving optimal energy dissipation under different flow rates often requires rebuilding adjustable energy dissipation structures, which not only involves huge engineering investments and long construction periods but also necessitates interrupting water supply and affecting irrigation; while fixing existing stilling piers cannot adapt to large fluctuations in flow rate, making it difficult to guarantee energy dissipation efficiency. Furthermore, the contradiction between the need for siltation control in high-sediment-laden water flows and the inefficiency of traditional manual dredging, the contradiction between the prevalence of freeze-thaw damage and the passivity of existing protective measures, and the need for coordinated deployment of multiple rows of stilling piers further exacerbate the difficulty and cost of operating and maintaining energy dissipation facilities.

[0007] Existing conventional technologies have not yet provided a systematic solution to the above-mentioned contradictions and have the following key technical deficiencies: I. Lack of a dynamic adjustment mechanism for energy dissipation efficiency. Existing stilling piers are all designed with a fixed shape, and their energy dissipation capacity cannot be adjusted in real time according to changes in channel flow. Insufficient energy dissipation during high water levels and high flow rates leads to downstream scouring, making it difficult to meet the needs of different operating conditions, and the efficiency and safety of water conveyance in the irrigation area cannot be guaranteed.

[0008] Second, the methods for preventing and controlling siltation are passive and outdated. Existing technologies lack online monitoring capabilities for water and sediment, making it impossible to predict siltation risks in advance. Dredging operations rely on regular manual labor, which is a reactive measure. This not only results in high dredging costs and heavy workloads but also requires water outages for construction, severely impacting the normal operation of the irrigation area.

[0009] Third, there is a lack of a coordinated control mechanism for the energy dissipation piers. The existing energy dissipation piers are mostly arranged in groups of multiple rows, but each pier operates independently and lacks interconnection and feedback. It is impossible to make cluster decisions based on the flow field information of the whole cross section, which easily leads to flow deviation and local scour hot spots. Dredging operations cannot achieve coordinated operation in different rows and at different times, and the overall performance of the energy dissipation zone is difficult to guarantee.

[0010] Fourth, the level of intelligence is low and there is a lack of system linkage. Existing energy dissipation facilities are basically in a passive operating state without monitoring and control, lacking online sensing and intelligent decision-making capabilities. Water and sediment monitoring, energy dissipation regulation, and dredging operations are all independent of each other, making it impossible to form a closed-loop control and achieve unattended intelligent operation and maintenance. To address this, we have introduced a liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control includes an energy dissipation telescopic shell. The top of the energy dissipation telescopic shell is equipped with a solar panel, a signal antenna and four sets of water level monitoring modules. The water level monitoring modules are used to detect the water level height of the water flowing through the energy dissipation telescopic shell. The energy-dissipating telescopic shell has a gill-like sand filter module assembly in the center. The gill-like sand filter module assembly includes a sand filter box, multiple sets of gill-like sand filter plates arranged front and back inside the sand filter box, a capacitor sedimentation assembly set at the bottom between adjacent gill-like sand filter plates, and an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe connected to the upper part of the front and rear ends of the sand filter box. A PLC controller is installed on the side of the sand filter box. Differential pressure sensors are distributed at the front and back inside the sand filter box. A capacitive sedimentation component is equipped with a capacitive sensor for detecting the sediment deposition thickness. When the differential pressure sensor detects the pressure difference between the front and back water flow inside the sand filter box or the capacitive sensor for detecting the sediment deposition thickness inside the capacitive sedimentation component detects that the sediment deposition thickness exceeds a preset threshold, the PLC controller controls the sand discharge gate component at the bottom of the capacitive sedimentation component to open. Water flows down along the gill-like sand filter module and through the inside of the capacitive sedimentation component, completing the sand discharge and cleaning of the gill-like sand filter module and the inside of the capacitive sedimentation component. The energy dissipation telescopic shell is equipped with turbine modules located on both sides of the gill-like sand filter module assembly. Both the front and rear ends of the gill-like sand filter module assembly and the turbine modules extend through the energy dissipation telescopic shell. The water level monitoring module, turbine module, differential pressure sensor, and sediment deposition thickness capacitance detection sensor transmit data to the PLC controller via a signal antenna. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the lifting cylinder built into the energy dissipation telescopic shell. The lifting cylinder is used to drive the energy dissipation telescopic shell to extend and retract, thereby raising and lowering the energy dissipation telescopic shell.

[0013] Preferably, the energy-dissipating telescopic shell includes a bottom shell with an open upper end, a top shell with an open lower end, and a plurality of telescopic shells with open upper and lower ends connected between the top shell and the bottom shell; The outer diameters of the bottom shell, telescopic shell, and top shell gradually decrease; A stabilizing spring is connected between the inner wall of the top shell and the inner wall of the telescopic shell below it, between the inner walls of adjacent telescopic shells, and between the inner wall of the bottom shell and the inner wall of the telescopic shell above it. The top of the lifting electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the inside of the top housing, and the lifting piston rod at the output end of the lifting electric cylinder is connected to the bottom housing.

[0014] Preferably, the water level monitoring module includes a fixed arm fixed to the upper end of the top housing, an ultrasonic water level measuring device installed at the bottom of the fixed arm end, and a cylindrical rigid support net. The upper end of the cylindrical rigid support net is provided with a cylindrical wave-absorbing filter cloth, which is fixed to the bottom of the fixed arm end and covers the outside of the ultrasonic water level measuring device.

[0015] Preferably, the energy-dissipating telescopic shell is further equipped with a storage battery, and the solar panel is used to charge the storage battery. The storage battery supplies power to the water level monitoring module, turbine module, differential pressure sensor, sediment deposition thickness capacitance detection sensor, lifting cylinder and PLC controller.

[0016] Preferably, the turbine module includes a water guide pipe, a power generation turbine unit installed inside the water guide pipe, and a protective net installed at the front end of the water guide pipe; A speed measuring device is coaxially fixed inside the power generation turbine unit. The speed measuring device is used to detect the flow rate of water flowing through the water guide pipe. The power generation turbine is electrically connected to the battery. When the solar panels are not working, the power generation turbine is used to provide auxiliary power and measure water flow velocity.

[0017] Preferably, a flow guide groove is installed at the bottom of the sand filter box, the capacitor sedimentation assembly is fixed on the mounting plate inside the flow guide groove, and the capacitor sedimentation assembly is located in front of the bottom of the adjacent gill-like sand filter module. The simulated gill filter sand module includes several sets of simulated gill filter sand elements arranged at equal intervals. Each simulated gill filter sand element includes two sets of filter sand sheets, with a grid gap between the two sets of filter sand sheets. The front and rear ends of the grid gap are respectively provided with a front V-shaped opening and a rear V-shaped opening. The front part of the front V-shaped opening is provided with several sets of arc-shaped protrusions for guiding sand ridges. The capacitor sedimentation assembly includes several sets of capacitor sedimentation boxes distributed at equal intervals, and the upper and lower ends of the capacitor sedimentation boxes are open.

[0018] Preferably, the sand discharge gate assembly includes an opening and closing electric cylinder, a connecting arm connected to the output end of the opening and closing electric cylinder, a movable frame fixed after the bottom of the connecting arm passes through a through groove on the mounting plate, and a sand discharge gate plate installed on the movable frame. The sand discharge gate plate is used to open or close the opening at the lower end of the capacitor sedimentation tank.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes the "convergent-divergent" Venturi tube-shaped slits of the gill-like filter plate module to construct a graded filtration effect of density flow, achieving initial acceleration and then smooth deceleration of the water flow to prevent particle entrapment; combined with the sand guide ridge, it actively removes excessively large particles, achieving graded separation of sediment of different particle sizes. Two sets of differential pressure sensors, combined with a built-in capacitive sedimentation tank for detecting sediment deposition thickness, convert the degree of sediment accumulation into quantifiable differential pressure and thickness electrical signals, enabling online and accurate sensing of sediment content and siltation risk in the irrigation canal's energy dissipation zone.

[0020] When the water pressure difference or sediment thickness exceeds the threshold, this invention automatically triggers a self-cleaning cycle, opens the sediment discharge gate assembly, and constructs a low-resistance discharge channel using a guide channel. This allows for the concentrated absorption and emptying of sediment from the gill-like filter module and the sedimentation tanks at each stage, achieving online autonomous dredging without water interruption or manual intervention. After dredging, the water pressure difference or sediment thickness reading automatically returns to the baseline and enters the next monitoring cycle, fundamentally solving the problems of lag and high cost associated with traditional manual periodic dredging.

[0021] This invention utilizes a liftable energy-dissipating telescopic shell, employing a lifting cylinder and a stabilizing spring to achieve smooth raising and lowering of the shell. This optimizes the traditional fixed energy dissipation pier into an intelligent structure with dynamically adjustable energy dissipation height. Based on real-time water level and flow feedback, the submersion depth of the energy-dissipating telescopic shell is precisely controlled. During high water levels and high flow rates, the shell is raised to enhance energy dissipation and prevent downstream scouring; during low water levels and low flow rates, the shell is lowered to reduce unnecessary head loss. This ensures that energy dissipation efficiency remains optimal across the entire flow range, overcoming the technical bottleneck of traditional fixed designs that are only suitable for a single operating condition.

[0022] This invention, in conjunction with multiple water level monitoring modules, two sets of differential pressure sensors, a built-in capacitive sensor for detecting sediment deposition thickness in the capacitive sedimentation tank, and a signal antenna, integrates various functional modules such as water and sediment sensing, energy dissipation regulation, and autonomous dredging into the intelligent linkage control system of the PLC controller, forming a closed loop of "perception-decision-execution-feedback", and realizing unattended intelligent operation and maintenance of energy dissipation facilities in irrigation canals in cold regions.

[0023] This invention addresses the engineering characteristics of multiple rows and groups of stilling piers by constructing an intelligent collaborative control system for the pier group based on the interconnection and mutual feedback of multiple devices. Each stilling pier forms a wireless sensor network through signal antennas, sharing real-time data on upstream and downstream water levels, inter-pier flow velocity, and local sediment content. The PLC controller master node makes cluster decisions based on the full-section flow field information. Based on the unevenness of the incoming flow direction and flow distribution, the lifting height of the energy dissipation expansion shells of each stilling pier can be adjusted differentially. The front row of energy dissipation expansion shells weakens the mainstream energy, while the rear row eliminates residual kinetic energy and flow turbulence, forming a synergistic effect of "tiered energy dissipation." This significantly improves the uniformity of outflow from the energy dissipation zone and eliminates flow deviation and local scour hotspots caused by asynchronous adjustment of individual piers. Simultaneously, it supports a row-by-row, time-based dredging strategy. When a row of stilling piers triggers its self-cleaning program, the energy dissipation expansion shells of adjacent rows of stilling piers automatically rise to compensate for the energy dissipation function, ensuring uninterrupted overall performance of the energy dissipation zone during dredging. This truly achieves unattended collaborative operation of the entire pier group process, encompassing "monitoring-adjustment-dredging-protection." Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the energy-dissipating telescopic shell structure of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the water level monitoring module and the energy dissipation telescopic shell of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded structural diagram of the water level monitoring module assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an exploded structural diagram of the turbine module assembly of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the simulated gill sand filter module component of the present invention; Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the simulated gill filter sand plate module and filter sand box of the present invention; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the simulated gill filter sand plate module and the capacitor sedimentation tank of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of adjacent filter sand plates in this invention; Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the capacitor sedimentation box and mounting plate of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand discharge gate assembly of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the sand discharge gate assembly of the present invention in the open state.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Solar panel; 2. Signal antenna; 3. Water level monitoring module; 301. Ultrasonic water level meter; 302. Cylindrical wave-damping filter cloth; 303. Cylindrical rigid support net; 304. Fixed arm; 4. Energy-dissipating telescopic shell; 401. Top shell; 402. Telescopic shell; 403. Bottom shell; 5. Turbine module; 501. Generating turbine unit; 502. Protective net; 503. Water guide pipe; 6. Battery; 7. Lifting cylinder; 8. Stabilizing spring; 9. Apparent gill filter sand module assembly; 901. Differential pressure sensor; 902. Apparent gill filter plate module; 9021. Filter plate; 9022. Front V-shaped opening; 9023. Grid gap; 9024. Rear V-shaped opening; 9025. Sand guide ridge; 903. Capacitive sedimentation tank; 904. Flow guide channel; 906. Sand discharge gate; 907. Opening and closing electric cylinder; 908. Water outlet pipe; 909. Filter box; 910. Water inlet pipe; 911. Moving frame; 912. Mounting plate; 913. Through groove; 914. Connecting arm; 10. PLC controller. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example: Please see Figures 1-15 The present invention provides a technical solution: A liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control includes an energy dissipation telescopic shell 4 installed in the channel. The energy dissipation telescopic shell 4 includes a bottom shell 403 with an open upper end, a top shell 401 with an open lower end, and several sets of telescopic shells 402 with open upper and lower ends connected between the top shell 401 and the bottom shell 403. The outer diameters of the bottom shell 403, the telescopic shells 402, and the top shell 401 gradually decrease. A sealing ring is embedded in the bottom of the outer wall of the telescopic shell 402 above the bottom shell 403. In this way, when the bottom of the telescopic shell 402 is inserted into the bottom shell 403, there will be no water leakage at the connection between the two. A sealing ring is embedded in the bottom of the outer wall of the top shell 401, so that when the bottom of the top shell 401 is inserted into the telescopic shell 402 below it, there will be no water leakage at the connection between the two. A sealing ring is embedded in the bottom of the outer wall of the upper telescopic shell 402 between two adjacent sets of telescopic shells 402, so that when the bottom of the upper telescopic shell 402 is inserted into the lower telescopic shell 402, there will be no water leakage at the connection between the two.

[0028] A stabilizing spring 8 is connected between the inner wall of the top housing 401 and the inner wall of the telescopic housing 402 below it, between the inner walls of adjacent telescopic housings 402, and between the inner wall of the bottom housing 403 and the inner wall of the telescopic housing 402 above it; the top of the lifting cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to the inside of the top housing 401, and the lifting piston rod at the output end of the lifting cylinder 7 is connected to the bottom housing 403.

[0029] The top of the energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4 is equipped with a solar panel 1, a signal antenna 2, and four sets of water level monitoring modules 3. The water level monitoring modules 3 are used to detect the water level height of the water flowing through the energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4. The water level monitoring module 3 includes a fixed arm 304 fixed to the upper end of the top shell 401, an ultrasonic water level measuring device 301 installed at the bottom of the end of the fixed arm 304, and a cylindrical rigid support net 303. The upper end of the cylindrical rigid support net 303 is provided with a cylindrical wave-absorbing filter cloth 302. The cylindrical wave-absorbing filter cloth 302 is fixed to the bottom of the end of the fixed arm 304 and covers the outside of the ultrasonic water level measuring device 301.

[0030] The energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4 houses a gill-like sand filter module 9 centrally located inside. The gill-like sand filter module 9 includes a sand filter box 909, multiple sets of gill-like sand filter plates 902 arranged front and rear inside the sand filter box 909, a capacitive sand settling assembly at the bottom between adjacent gill-like sand filter plate modules 902, and an inlet pipe 910 and an outlet pipe 908 connected to the upper front and rear ends of the sand filter box 909. The front end of the inlet pipe 910 extends through and beyond the rear end of the bottom shell 403, and the rear end of the outlet pipe 908 extends through and beyond the front end of the bottom shell 403. A PLC controller 10 is installed on the side of the sand filter box 909. The filter box 909 is equipped with differential pressure sensors 901 distributed front and rear. The capacitive sedimentation assembly is equipped with a capacitive sensor for detecting sediment deposition thickness. When the differential pressure sensor 901 detects the pressure difference of the water flow inside the filter box 909 or the capacitive sensor for detecting sediment deposition thickness detects that the sediment deposition thickness inside the capacitive sedimentation assembly exceeds a preset threshold, the PLC controller 10 controls the sand discharge gate assembly at the bottom of the capacitive sedimentation assembly to open. The water flows down along the gill-like filter plate module 902 and through the inside of the capacitive sedimentation assembly, completing the sand discharge and cleaning of the gill-like filter plate module 902 and the inside of the capacitive sedimentation assembly.

[0031] A guide channel 904 is installed at the bottom of the sand filter box 909. The capacitor sand settling assembly is fixed on the mounting plate 912 inside the guide channel 904. The capacitor sand settling assembly is located in front of the bottom of the adjacent gill-like sand filter module 902. The gill-like sand filter module 902 includes several sets of gill-like sand filter elements arranged at equal intervals. The gill-like sand filter element includes two sets of sand filter elements 9021. A grid slit 9023 is provided between the two sets of sand filter elements 9021. The front and rear ends of the grid slit 9023 are respectively provided with a front V-shaped opening 9022 and a rear V-shaped opening 9024. The front part of the front V-shaped opening 9022 is provided with several sets of arc-shaped protruding sand guide ridges 9025. The capacitor sand settling assembly includes several sets of capacitor sand settling boxes 903 arranged at equal intervals. The upper and lower ends of the capacitor sand settling box 903 are both open.

[0032] The sand discharge gate assembly includes an opening and closing electric cylinder 907, a connecting arm 914 connected to the output end of the opening and closing electric cylinder 907, a movable frame 911 fixed after the bottom of the connecting arm 914 passes through the through slot 913 on the mounting plate 912, and a sand discharge gate 906 installed on the movable frame 911. The sand discharge gate 906 is used to open or close the opening at the lower end of the capacitor sedimentation tank 903.

[0033] The energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4 houses turbine modules 5 located on both sides of the simulated gill filter module assembly 9. The turbine module 5 includes a water guide pipe 503, a power generation turbine unit 501 installed inside the water guide pipe 503, and a protective net 502 installed at the front end of the water guide pipe 503. Both ends of the water guide pipe 503 extend through the bottom shell 403. A speed measuring device is coaxially fixed inside the power generation turbine unit 501. The speed measuring device is used to detect the flow velocity of the water flowing through the water guide pipe 503. The power generation turbine unit 501 is electrically connected to the battery 6. When the solar panel 1 is not working, the power generation turbine unit 501 is used to provide auxiliary power supply and measure the water flow velocity.

[0034] A tachometer is coaxially fixedly installed inside the generator turbine unit 501. The rotor of the tachometer is synchronously linked with the turbine main shaft of the generator turbine unit 501. The stator of the tachometer is embedded in the inner cavity of the hub of the generator turbine unit 501. The signal cable of the tachometer is led out along the wiring groove inside the housing of the generator turbine unit 501. The tachometer is sealed and stored inside the generator turbine unit 501. The flow rate of water inside the water guide pipe 503 is calculated by collecting the rotation speed of the turbine main shaft.

[0035] Both ends of the simulated gill filter module 9 and the turbine module 5 extend through the energy dissipation telescopic shell 4; the water level monitoring module 3, the turbine module 5, the differential pressure sensor 901, and the sediment deposition thickness capacitance detection sensor transmit data to the PLC controller 10 through the signal antenna 2. The PLC controller 10 is electrically connected to the lifting cylinder 7 built into the energy dissipation telescopic shell 4. The lifting cylinder 7 is used to drive the energy dissipation telescopic shell 4 to extend and retract, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the energy dissipation telescopic shell 4.

[0036] The energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4 is also equipped with a storage battery 6. The solar panel 1 is used to charge the storage battery 6. The storage battery 6 supplies power to the water level monitoring module 3, turbine module 5, differential pressure sensor 901, sediment deposition thickness capacitance detection sensor, lifting cylinder 7 and PLC controller 10.

[0037] Specifically, when using it: This device relies on solar power for self-powered operation, multiple sensors to collect water and sediment condition data in real time, and uses a PLC controller 10 to realize automatic water and sediment filtration and deposition, automatic silt removal, adaptive height adjustment of the device, and water kinetic energy-assisted power generation integrated intelligent linkage operation. I. Working principle of self-powered energy storage system: A solar panel 1 is mounted on the upper surface of the top shell 401 of the device. Under sunny conditions, the solar panel 1 absorbs light energy and converts it into electrical energy, continuously charging and storing energy for the battery 6 inside the energy dissipation telescopic shell 4. The battery 6 serves as the unified power supply for the entire machine and is electrically connected to all electrical control components, including the ultrasonic water level measuring device 301 of the water level monitoring module 3, the speed measuring device of the turbine module 5, the differential pressure sensor 901, the sediment deposition thickness capacitance detection sensor (non-contact capacitance sensing chip, model FDC2214 or FDC1004), the lifting cylinder 7, the PLC controller 10, and the opening and closing cylinder 907, ensuring the stable operation of the entire equipment.

[0038] When the solar panels 1 cannot generate electricity on cloudy days or at night, the power generation turbine unit 501 in the turbine module 5 uses the impact of the flowing water in the channel to generate electricity, supplementing the power supply to the battery 6, and achieving uninterrupted power supply around the clock.

[0039] II. Working principle of real-time monitoring of channel water level and flow velocity: 1. Water level monitoring process: Multiple water level monitoring modules 3 are fixed at the upper end of the top housing 401. The fixed arm 304 of the water level monitoring module 3 extends outward to the top of the channel water flow. The bottom of the fixed arm 304 is simultaneously equipped with an ultrasonic water level measuring device 301, a cylindrical wave-absorbing filter cloth 302, and a cylindrical rigid support net 303. The cylindrical wave-damping filter cloth 302 wraps around the outside of the ultrasonic water level detector 301, and is protected by a cylindrical rigid support net 303. It can filter water surface waves and floating debris, and eliminate the interference of water wave fluctuations on water level detection.

[0040] The ultrasonic water level meter 301 continuously emits ultrasonic waves downwards to detect the water level height of the channel flowing through the energy dissipation expansion shell 4 area in real time. The water level data is transmitted in real time to the PLC controller 10 for storage and analysis via the signal antenna 2.

[0041] 2. Water flow velocity monitoring process: The turbine modules 5 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the simulated gill filter module 9. The water guide pipe 503 of the turbine module 5 passes through the energy dissipation telescopic shell 4 at the front and rear. The channel water flows from the front end of the water guide pipe 503 through the protective net 502 into the pipe and impacts the internal power generation turbine unit 501 to rotate. The power generation turbine unit 501 is coaxially equipped with a speed measuring device. During the rotation of the turbine, the speed measuring device synchronously collects the real-time flow velocity data of the water flow. The flow velocity signal is synchronously uploaded to the PLC controller 10 through the signal antenna 2.

[0042] III. Working principle of water-sand separation and sediment deposition in the simulated gill filter module component 9: Water flows into the interior of the filter box 909 through the inlet pipe 910 at the front end of the filter box 909 and passes evenly through multiple sets of front and rear arranged gill-like filter sand plate modules 902. The single-group simulated gill filter sand module 902 is composed of multiple groups of simulated gill filter sand components arranged at equal intervals. Each group of simulated gill filter sand components includes two filter sand sheets 9021. A grid gap 9023 is reserved between the two filter sand sheets 9021. A front V-shaped opening 9022 is provided at the front end of the grid gap 9023 and a rear V-shaped opening 9024 is provided at the rear end. A sand guide ridge 9025 with an arc-shaped protrusion is provided at the front of the front V-shaped opening 9022.

[0043] When the water carries sediment forward, the sand guide ridge 9025 creates a turbulent flow for the water and sediment. Large sediment particles are squeezed by gravity and the guiding flow and settle downward along the front V-shaped opening 9022. The clean water flows backward through the grid gap 9023, and after converging through the rear V-shaped opening 9022, it flows out from the water outlet pipe 908 at the rear end of the sand filter box 909, completing the initial separation of water and sediment. Fine silt settles with the water flow into the capacitive sedimentation component at the bottom of the adjacent gill filter module 902.

[0044] The capacitor sedimentation assembly consists of multiple sets of equally spaced capacitor sedimentation boxes 903 with openings at the top and bottom, all of which are fixed on the mounting plate 912 inside the flow channel 904. The settled sediment continuously accumulates inside the capacitor sedimentation box 903. The mounting plate 912 is equipped with a sand leakage hole. During self-cleaning, the water flow above the filter sand box 909 will carry the mud and sand down through the sand leakage hole until the water flows through the capacitor sedimentation box 903 and enters the guide channel 904.

[0045] The 903 capacitor sedimentation chamber has a built-in capacitor sensor for detecting the thickness of sediment deposition, which collects the thickness of sediment accumulation inside the chamber in real time. Differential pressure sensors 901 are arranged inside the front and rear ends of the sand filter box 909 to detect the water flow pressure difference between the inlet and outlet sides of the sand filter box 909 in real time.

[0046] When the slits 9023 are blocked by silt, the pressure difference between the front and rear water flows inside the filter box 909 will increase. When excessive sediment accumulates in the capacitor sedimentation tank 903, the sediment thickness value increases synchronously, and the pressure difference and sediment thickness data collected by the two types of sensors are uploaded to the PLC controller 10 in real time.

[0047] IV. Working principle of automatic sand removal and cleaning linkage for excessive siltation: The PLC controller 10 has preset differential pressure thresholds and sediment deposition thickness thresholds. It compares the data returned by the sensors in real time and triggers the automatic cleaning process. If either the differential pressure sensor 901 detects a differential pressure or the sediment deposition thickness sensor detects a sediment thickness exceeding a preset threshold, the PLC controller 10 immediately sends a start command to the opening and closing electric cylinder 907 of the sand discharge gate assembly. The opening and closing electric cylinder 907 drives the connecting arm 914 at the output end to move. The connecting arm 914 drives the bottom moving frame 911 to move down synchronously. The sand discharge gate 906 fixed on the moving frame 911 moves synchronously. The sand discharge gate 906 is misaligned with the opening at the lower end of the corresponding capacitor sand settling box 903, opening the lower end of the capacitor sand settling box 903. The water flowing from the top inside the sand filter box 909 flows down the gill-like sand filter module 902 and through the inside of the capacitor sedimentation box 903 of the capacitor sedimentation assembly, thus completing the sand removal and cleaning of the gill-like sand filter module 902 and the inside of the capacitor sedimentation assembly. At this time, the water mixed with sand flows down to the guide channel 904, and then flows up through the rear of the guide channel 904 to the outlet pipe 908. The positive water flow continues to flow through the gill filter plate module 902, carrying the silt in the box to be flushed downwards. The water flow completely through the inside of the capacitor sedimentation box 903, flushing the accumulated silt out from the bottom opening. At the same time, it flushes and cleans the silt attached to the grid gaps 9023, completing the overall cleaning of the gill filter plate module 902 and the capacitor sedimentation assembly. When the differential pressure sensor 901 detects that the differential pressure and the sediment deposition thickness sensor detects that the sediment thickness has both fallen back to within the safe threshold, the PLC controller 10 controls the opening and closing electric cylinder 907 to retract in the opposite direction, which drives the sand discharge gate 906 to close the lower opening of the capacitor sedimentation box 903 again, the sand discharge process ends, and the device resumes normal water and sand filtration operation.

[0048] V. Working principle of energy dissipation and auxiliary power generation of turbine module 5: Inside the energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4, turbine modules 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the simulated gill filter module assembly 9. The water guide pipe 503 runs through the energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4 from front to back, and the high-speed water flow from the channel is diverted into the water guide pipes 503 on both sides. The water flow first passes through the front-end protective net 502 to intercept large debris such as tree branches and stones, so as to avoid impact damage to the internal power generation turbine unit 501; The high-speed water flow impacts the turbine 501 blades, which rotate to convert the kinetic energy of the channel water into electrical energy and store it in the battery 6, thus realizing the recovery and utilization of water energy. At the same time, the turbine rotation consumes the kinetic energy of the water flow, reduces the flow velocity of the channel water, and plays the role of channel energy dissipation and buffering the impact force of the water flow. The tachometer coaxial with the generator turbine 501 continuously collects water flow velocity data, providing a flow velocity reference for the PLC controller 10 to adjust the lifting height of the energy dissipation pier.

[0049] VI. Working principle of adaptive lifting and intelligent linkage of energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4: The energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4 is a multi-level telescopic nested structure, consisting of a bottom shell 403, multiple sets of telescopic shells 402, and a top shell 401, which are nested from bottom to top, with the outer diameter of each shell decreasing progressively. A stabilizing spring 8 is connected between the top shell 401 and the lower telescopic shell 402, adjacent telescopic shells 402, and the bottom shell 403 and the upper telescopic shell 402. During telescopic movement, the stabilizing springs 8 serve to limit movement, buffer movement, and maintain the coaxial stability of the shells. The lifting cylinder 7 is fixedly installed inside the top shell 401. The lifting piston rod of the lifting cylinder 7 is rigidly connected downwards to the bottom shell 403. The lifting action is intelligently controlled by the PLC controller 10. PLC controller 10 receives two sets of core data: real-time water level from water level monitoring module 3 and water flow velocity from turbine module 5 speed sensor. Based on the internally preset water level-flow velocity linkage control program, it outputs lifting and lowering commands. When the channel water level rises and the water flow velocity increases, the PLC controller 10 controls the lifting piston rod of the lifting cylinder 7 to extend downwards, and the multi-stage telescopic shell 402 is pulled open and extended step by step, increasing the overall height of the energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4, increasing the contact area with the water flow, and improving the energy dissipation and sand-blocking effect. When the channel water level drops and the water flow velocity decreases, the PLC controller 10 controls the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 7 to retract upwards, and the various levels of telescopic shells 402 retract and nest together, reducing the overall height of the energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4 and reducing obstruction to the low-flow channel water. All water level, flow velocity, pressure difference, and sediment thickness sensor data are wirelessly transmitted to PLC controller 10 via signal antenna 2, realizing intelligent linkage control of the entire process of water level, flow velocity, water and sediment accumulation, device lifting and lowering, and automatic sediment discharge, without the need for manual on-site adjustment.

[0050] The present invention is mainly controlled by a PLC controller 10 to lift and lower the energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4 using a lifting electric cylinder 7. The top shell 401 at the top level is fixed with a solar panel 1 that provides basic power for the whole, a signal antenna 2, and four sets of water level monitoring modules 3. The ultrasonic water level measuring device 301 of the water level monitoring module 3 is used to test the stable water level immersion height.

[0051] The bottom of the energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4 is equipped with a gill-like filter sand module assembly 9. Multiple sets of gill-like filter sand plate modules 902 are mainly arranged between the inlet and outlet at the same water level. The gill-like filter sand plate module 902 has a converging-diverging venturi tube-shaped slit (i.e., grid slit 9023, front V-shaped opening 9022 and rear V-shaped opening 9024) with a downward opening, a narrow middle, and a large inlet and opening. The inlet and outlet of the grid slit 9023 are both funnel-shaped, and the middle is a straight throat (grid slit 9023). When the water flows through, it is first accelerated and then decelerated smoothly to prevent particles from getting stuck.

[0052] On the upstream edge of each grid slit 9023, there is a row of tiny sand-guiding ridges 9025, with the tips of the teeth facing the direction of water flow (the sand-guiding ridges 9025 are distributed in an arc shape with the protrusions facing the direction of water flow). This can actively push larger particles that are larger than the width of the grid slit 9023 away from the inlet, allowing them to slide down the bottom of the filter plate 9021 into the capacitor sedimentation box 903 of the capacitor sedimentation assembly.

[0053] In order to achieve accurate quantitative perception of the degree of silt blockage, the two sets of differential pressure sensors 901 can realize the basic measurement of the blockage and deposition of medium and large sedimentable particles based on the pressure difference of the water flow.

[0054] When the differential pressure or sediment thickness detected by the sensors (differential pressure sensor 901 and sediment deposition thickness capacitance detection sensor) exceeds the preset threshold, the PLC controller 10 triggers a complete self-cleaning cycle. By opening the sand discharge gate assembly below the capacitor sedimentation tank 903, the water flows through the gill area (the upper part of the filter tank 909) with higher resistance, down through the capacitor sedimentation tank 903 with lower resistance, and then through the guide channel 904, the sediment is discharged through the outlet pipe 908, completing the overall self-cleaning process.

[0055] When the sand discharge gate assembly is opened, due to the blockage of multiple sets of gill-like sand filter modules 902 by silt, most of the water flowing into the upper part of the sand filter box 909 will flow downward through the inside of the capacitor sedimentation box 903 and into the guide channel 904. Then, it will flow rapidly backward along the guide channel 904 until it is discharged through the outlet pipe 908. At this time, because the water flowing backward along the guide channel 904 is fast, it will generate a downward suction force, which will draw down a part of the water flowing through the multiple sets of gill-like sand filter modules 902. This downward water flow will carry the silt in the gill-like sand filter modules 902 into the guide channel 904, thereby cleaning the gill-like sand filter modules 902 and the capacitor sedimentation box 903. After self-cleaning, the sand discharge gate assembly closes, restoring normal monitoring status. The readings of differential pressure sensor 901 and sediment deposition thickness capacitance sensor return to the baseline, entering the next monitoring cycle.

[0056] This invention utilizes the "converging-diverging" Venturi tube-shaped slits of the gill-like sand filter module 902 to construct a graded filtration effect of density flow, achieving initial acceleration and then smooth deceleration of the water flow to prevent particle entrapment. Combined with the sand guide ridge 9025, it actively removes excessively large particles, achieving graded separation of sediment of different particle sizes. Two sets of differential pressure sensors 901, combined with a built-in capacitive sedimentation tank 903, convert the degree of sediment deposition into quantifiable differential pressure and thickness electrical signals, enabling online and accurate sensing of sediment content and deposition risk in the irrigation canal's energy dissipation zone.

[0057] When the water pressure difference or sediment thickness exceeds the threshold, this invention automatically triggers a self-cleaning cycle, opens the sediment discharge gate assembly, and uses the guide channel 904 to construct a low-resistance discharge channel to centrally absorb and empty the sediment in the gill-like filter plate module 902 and the various levels of capacitor sedimentation tanks 903, achieving online autonomous dredging without water interruption or manual intervention. After dredging, the water pressure difference or sediment thickness reading automatically returns to the baseline and enters the next monitoring cycle, fundamentally solving the problems of lag and high cost of traditional manual periodic dredging.

[0058] This invention utilizes a liftable energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4, and employs a lifting electric cylinder 7 and a stabilizing spring 8 to achieve smooth raising and lowering of the shell 4. This optimizes the traditional fixed energy dissipation pier into an intelligent structure with dynamically adjustable energy dissipation height. Based on real-time water level and flow feedback, the submersion depth of the energy-dissipating telescopic shell 4 is precisely controlled. During high water levels and high flow rates, the shell 4 is raised to enhance energy dissipation and prevent downstream scouring. During low water levels and low flow rates, the shell 4 is lowered to reduce unnecessary head loss, ensuring optimal energy dissipation efficiency across the entire flow range. This overcomes the technical bottleneck of traditional fixed designs that are only suitable for a single operating condition.

[0059] The present invention integrates a solar panel 1 at the top and a turbine module 5 at the bottom to construct a complementary "light-water" power supply system. While providing basic power for the device around the clock, the turbine rotation speed is used to achieve auxiliary measurement of flow rate, ensuring independent operation without external power supply.

[0060] This invention, in conjunction with multiple water level monitoring modules 3, two sets of differential pressure sensors 901, a built-in capacitive sensor for detecting sediment deposition thickness in a capacitive sedimentation tank 903, and a signal antenna 2, integrates various functional modules such as water and sediment sensing, energy dissipation regulation, and autonomous dredging into the intelligent linkage control system of a PLC controller 10, forming a closed loop of "perception-decision-execution-feedback", and realizing unattended intelligent operation and maintenance of energy dissipation facilities in irrigation canals in cold regions.

[0061] This invention addresses the engineering characteristics of multiple rows and groups of stilling piers by constructing an intelligent collaborative control system for the pier group based on the interconnection and mutual feedback of multiple devices. Each stilling pier forms a wireless sensor network through signal antenna 2, sharing real-time data on upstream and downstream water levels, inter-pier flow velocity, and local sediment content. The PLC controller master node makes cluster decisions based on the full-section flow field information.

[0062] Based on the unevenness of the incoming flow direction and flow distribution, the lifting height of the energy dissipation expansion shells 4 of each stilling pier can be adjusted differentially. The front row of energy dissipation expansion shells 4 weakens the mainstream energy, while the rear row eliminates residual kinetic energy and flow turbulence, forming a "tiered energy dissipation" synergistic effect. This significantly improves the uniformity of outflow from the energy dissipation zone and eliminates flow deviation and local scour hotspots caused by asynchronous adjustment of individual piers. At the same time, it supports a row-by-row and time-by-time dredging strategy. When a row of stilling piers triggers the self-cleaning program, the energy dissipation expansion shells 4 of adjacent rows of stilling piers automatically rise to compensate for the energy dissipation function, ensuring that the overall performance of the energy dissipation zone is not interrupted during dredging. This truly realizes unattended collaborative operation of the entire process of "monitoring-adjustment-dredging-protection" for the pier group.

[0063] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control, comprising an energy dissipation telescopic shell, characterized in that: The top of the energy-dissipating telescopic shell is equipped with a solar panel, a signal antenna, and four sets of water level monitoring modules. The water level monitoring modules are used to detect the water level height of the water flowing through the energy-dissipating telescopic shell. The energy-dissipating telescopic shell has a gill-like sand filter module assembly in the center. The gill-like sand filter module assembly includes a sand filter box, multiple sets of gill-like sand filter plates arranged front and back inside the sand filter box, a capacitor sedimentation assembly set at the bottom between adjacent gill-like sand filter plates, and an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe connected to the upper part of the front and rear ends of the sand filter box. A PLC controller is installed on the side of the sand filter box. Differential pressure sensors are distributed at the front and back inside the sand filter box. A capacitive sedimentation component is equipped with a capacitive sensor for detecting the sediment deposition thickness. When the differential pressure sensor detects the pressure difference between the front and back water flow inside the sand filter box or the capacitive sensor for detecting the sediment deposition thickness inside the capacitive sedimentation component detects that the sediment deposition thickness exceeds a preset threshold, the PLC controller controls the sand discharge gate component at the bottom of the capacitive sedimentation component to open. Water flows down along the gill-like sand filter module and through the inside of the capacitive sedimentation component, completing the sand discharge and cleaning of the gill-like sand filter module and the inside of the capacitive sedimentation component. The energy dissipation telescopic shell is equipped with turbine modules located on both sides of the gill-like sand filter module assembly. Both the front and rear ends of the gill-like sand filter module assembly and the turbine modules extend through the energy dissipation telescopic shell. The water level monitoring module, turbine module, differential pressure sensor, and sediment deposition thickness capacitance detection sensor transmit data to the PLC controller via a signal antenna. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the lifting cylinder built into the energy dissipation telescopic shell. The lifting cylinder is used to drive the energy dissipation telescopic shell to extend and retract, thereby raising and lowering the energy dissipation telescopic shell.

2. The liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-dissipating telescopic shell includes a bottom shell with an open upper end, a top shell with an open lower end, and several sets of telescopic shells with open upper and lower ends connected between the top shell and the bottom shell. The outer diameters of the bottom shell, telescopic shell, and top shell gradually decrease; A stabilizing spring is connected between the inner wall of the top shell and the inner wall of the telescopic shell below it, between the inner walls of adjacent telescopic shells, and between the inner wall of the bottom shell and the inner wall of the telescopic shell above it. The top of the lifting electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the inside of the top housing, and the lifting piston rod at the output end of the lifting electric cylinder is connected to the bottom housing.

3. The liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water level monitoring module includes a fixed arm fixed to the upper end of the top shell, an ultrasonic water level measuring device installed at the bottom of the fixed arm end, and a cylindrical rigid support net. The upper end of the cylindrical rigid support net is provided with a cylindrical wave-absorbing filter cloth, which is fixed to the bottom of the fixed arm end and covers the outside of the ultrasonic water level measuring device.

4. The liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-dissipating telescopic shell is also equipped with a storage battery. The solar panel is used to charge the storage battery. The storage battery supplies power to the water level monitoring module, turbine module, differential pressure sensor, sediment deposition thickness capacitance detection sensor, lifting cylinder and PLC controller.

5. The liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The turbine module includes a water guide pipe, a power generation turbine unit installed inside the water guide pipe, and a protective net installed at the front end of the water guide pipe. A speed measuring device is coaxially fixed inside the power generation turbine unit. The speed measuring device is used to detect the flow rate of water flowing through the water guide pipe. The power generation turbine is electrically connected to the battery. When the solar panels are not working, the power generation turbine is used to provide auxiliary power and measure water flow velocity.

6. The liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the filter box is equipped with a flow guide groove, and the capacitor sedimentation assembly is fixed on the mounting plate inside the flow guide groove. The capacitor sedimentation assembly is located in front of the bottom of the adjacent gill filter plate module. The simulated gill filter sand module includes several sets of simulated gill filter sand elements arranged at equal intervals. Each simulated gill filter sand element includes two sets of filter sand sheets, with a grid gap between the two sets of filter sand sheets. The front and rear ends of the grid gap are respectively provided with a front V-shaped opening and a rear V-shaped opening. The front part of the front V-shaped opening is provided with several sets of arc-shaped protrusions for guiding sand ridges. The capacitor sedimentation assembly includes several sets of capacitor sedimentation boxes distributed at equal intervals, and the upper and lower ends of the capacitor sedimentation boxes are open.

7. The liftable channel energy dissipation pier with water and sediment separation and intelligent linkage control according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sand discharge gate assembly includes an opening and closing electric cylinder, a connecting arm connected to the output end of the opening and closing electric cylinder, a movable frame fixed after the bottom of the connecting arm passes through a through groove on the mounting plate, and a sand discharge gate plate installed on the movable frame. The sand discharge gate plate is used to open or close the opening at the lower end of the capacitor sedimentation tank.

Images