Construction method for cup mouth foundation pouring forming and cup mouth foundation structure

Abstract

The application discloses a cup mouth foundation construction method and a cup mouth foundation structure. The method comprises the following steps: setting a bearing platform steel bar structure at a cup mouth foundation construction position, and setting a lower anchoring node at a cup mouth design position; installing a disassembly-free lining formwork formed by a cement-based material at the cup mouth design position, the disassembly-free lining formwork comprising a cup-shaped shell, an anchoring connecting part and a through hole part, and an interface engagement structure being arranged on the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell; connecting the anchoring connecting part with the lower anchoring node, and connecting a tie member with a supporting member of a cup mouth outer formwork after the tie member passes through the through hole part; then continuously pouring concrete to form the bearing platform and the cup mouth at one time, and removing the outer formwork after maintenance, so that the disassembly-free lining formwork remains as a part of the cup mouth foundation. The application is suitable for construction scenes such as steel structure workshops, can improve the cup mouth forming quality and construction stability, reduce the disassembly and trimming workload, and improve the integrity and durability of the cup mouth foundation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building foundation construction technology, and in particular to a construction method for casting and forming a cup-shaped foundation and a cup-shaped foundation structure. Background Technology

[0002] Cup-shaped foundations are commonly used in steel structure factories, industrial buildings, and other projects. They typically consist of a foundation platform and a cup-shaped section set on the platform, forming an inner cavity for inserting steel columns. After construction, the steel columns are inserted into the inner cavity and, through alignment, grouting, and other processes, form a connection with the foundation. Therefore, the position, verticality, and dimensions of the inner cavity affect the installation accuracy of the steel columns and the reliability of the foundation structure.

[0003] In existing cup-shaped foundation construction, core molds, outer formwork, or other forming auxiliary components are typically required to create the inner cavity and outer shape of the cup. Due to the influence of on-site formwork erection, concrete pouring, curing, and dismantling processes, the cup-shaped foundation construction process usually involves numerous process changes, a long construction period, and many quality control steps. In engineering practice, the interface between the foundation cap and the cup may exhibit unstable bonding quality, construction joints, or joint defects, thus affecting the integrity, waterproofing performance, and durability of the cup-shaped foundation.

[0004] Furthermore, the molding quality of the inner cavity of the cup has a significant impact on the subsequent installation of steel columns. In current construction processes, the positional stability of the core mold or molding auxiliary components is difficult to control, potentially leading to issues such as positional deviations, dimensional deviations, insufficient verticality, or irregularities in the molding of the inner cavity. For cup foundations with larger dimensions, greater depths, or more complex construction conditions, these problems are more likely to affect the positioning, alignment, and subsequent grouting of the steel columns, and in severe cases, may even require rework.

[0005] After the concrete reaches the demolding condition, the handling of related formwork or auxiliary components inside the cup opening also affects construction efficiency and molding quality. Due to the relatively limited operating space at the cup opening, related removal, cleaning, or repair work is usually quite difficult, easily increasing labor input and material waste, and may cause chipping of the cup opening edges, damage to the inner wall, or a decline in the quality of the molded surface. Although some auxiliary solutions have emerged in existing technologies to reduce roughening, improve molding, or reduce demolding workload, there is still room for improvement in terms of cup opening molding accuracy, construction stability, convenience of subsequent processing, and long-term reliability.

[0006] Therefore, how to improve the forming quality of the inner cavity of the cup mouth during the construction of the cup mouth foundation, reduce quality fluctuations and subsequent processing workload, and take into account construction efficiency, structural integrity and durability, remains a technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main objective of this invention is to provide a construction method and structure for casting and shaping a cup-shaped foundation, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a construction method for casting and shaping a cup-shaped foundation, comprising:

[0009] S1, a reinforced concrete foundation structure is set at the construction location of the cup-shaped foundation. The cup-shaped design location of the reinforced concrete foundation structure is provided with a lower anchoring node, which is used to connect with the lower part of the non-removable formwork.

[0010] S2, the prefabricated non-removable lining mold is installed at the designed position of the cup opening. The non-removable lining mold is made of a cement-based material compatible with the concrete to be poured. The non-removable lining mold includes a cup-shaped shell, an anchoring connection part disposed on the lower outer side of the cup-shaped shell, and a through hole part disposed on the upper side wall of the cup-shaped shell. The cup-shaped shell has an inner wall surface for forming the inner wall of the cup opening and an outer wall surface for embedding in the concrete to be poured. The outer wall surface is provided with an interface interlocking structure for bonding with the concrete.

[0011] S3, connect the anchoring connection part to the lower anchoring node to form an anchoring constraint on the lower part of the non-removable liner;

[0012] S4, install the outer template of the support platform and the outer template of the cup mouth respectively, and connect the tie member to the support member of the outer template of the cup mouth after passing through the through hole, so as to form a tie constraint on the upper part of the non-removable liner.

[0013] S5, continuously pour concrete into the pouring space formed by at least the outer template of the foundation, the outer template of the cup, and the non-removable lining, so that the foundation and the cup are cast in one go.

[0014] S6, cure the poured concrete, and after the concrete reaches the preset demolding conditions, remove the outer formwork of the foundation and the outer formwork of the cup opening, so that the non-removable lining formwork is left in the designed position of the cup opening as part of the cup opening foundation.

[0015] In step S1, the lower anchoring node is a pre-embedded positioning screw or binding wire pre-fixed to the steel reinforcement structure of the foundation; the anchoring connection part is a plurality of anchoring ribs extending radially outward along the bottom of the cup-shaped shell and distributed in a radial pattern, and the anchoring ribs are provided with connection holes; in step S3, the pre-embedded positioning screw is passed through the corresponding connection hole and tightened with a nut, or the binding wire is passed through the connection hole for binding.

[0016] The through holes are multiple through holes opened in the top area of ​​the four walls of the cup-shaped shell. The inner wall of the through holes is pre-embedded with protective sleeves or circumferential reinforcing bars. In step S4, the tie rod is a tie rod, and the support member is a keel set on the outer side of the outer template of the cup mouth. The tie rod passes through the opposite through holes, and the two ends of the tie rod are respectively tied and fastened to the keel.

[0017] The through holes are symmetrically arranged around the circumference of the cup-shaped shell. In step S2, the prefabricated non-removable liner is installed at the designed position of the cup opening, including: passing the lifting sling through the symmetrically arranged through holes, balancing and lifting the non-removable liner and lowering it into place at the designed position of the cup opening; the through holes are used as lifting holes in the lifting process and as fixing holes for the tie rods in step S4.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention also provides a cup mouth basic structure, including a basic body and a non-removable liner mold;

[0019] The foundation body includes a foundation platform and a cup-shaped opening formed on the foundation platform. The foundation platform and the cup-shaped opening are a continuous monolithic concrete structure. The cup-shaped opening forms an inner cavity for inserting steel columns. The non-removable lining form is placed inside the foundation body. The non-removable lining form is made of a cement-based material compatible with the concrete. The non-removable lining form includes a cup-shaped shell, an anchoring connection provided on the lower outer side of the cup-shaped shell, and a through hole opened on the upper side wall of the cup-shaped shell.

[0020] The inner wall surface of the cup-shaped shell forms the inner wall surface of the cup mouth cavity; the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell is embedded in the concrete of the foundation body, and the outer wall surface is provided with an interface interlocking structure that interlocks with the concrete of the foundation body; the anchoring connection is embedded in the bearing platform and forms a mechanical connection with the steel reinforcement structure and / or pre-set connectors in the foundation body; the through hole penetrates the wall thickness of the cup-shaped shell and is located in the upper region of the cup-shaped shell;

[0021] The cup-shaped shell is anchored to the foundation body via the anchoring connection and is bonded to the concrete of the foundation body via the interface interlocking structure, so that the non-removable lining and the foundation body together constitute the permanent structure of the cup-shaped foundation.

[0022] The cement-based material for the non-removable lining includes at least one of steel fiber reinforced concrete, fiber-reinforced cement-based composite material, or glass fiber reinforced concrete; the cup-shaped shell has a pre-embedded reinforcing skeleton, which includes a two-way steel mesh.

[0023] The interlocking structure is at least one of the following: a grid-like indentation, a textured surface, or an exposed aggregate surface distributed on the outer wall of the cup-shaped shell.

[0024] The anchoring connection is a plurality of anchoring ribs that extend radially outward along the outer wall of the bottom of the cup-shaped shell and are distributed in a radial pattern. The anchoring ribs and the cup-shaped shell are integrally formed.

[0025] The anchoring rib has a connection hole; the steel reinforcement structure in the foundation body includes the foundation plate reinforcement; the pre-connecting component includes a positioning screw or binding wire pre-fixed to the foundation plate reinforcement; the connection hole of the anchoring rib is sleeved on the positioning screw and locked by a fastener, or the binding wire passes through the connection hole and is bound and fixed.

[0026] The through holes are multiple reserved holes symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the side wall of the cup-shaped shell, and the through holes are located in the area 80mm to 100mm away from the top surface of the cup-shaped shell; the inner wall of the through hole is pre-embedded with a protective sleeve or circumferential reinforcing steel.

[0027] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows: By setting a lower anchoring node at the designed position of the cup-shaped opening in the reinforced concrete structure of the foundation, and connecting the anchoring connection of the non-removable lining formwork to this lower anchoring node, and simultaneously connecting the tie member through the through hole in the upper part of the non-removable lining formwork to the supporting member of the outer template of the cup-shaped opening, the non-removable lining formwork obtains lower anchoring constraint and upper tie constraint before pouring. This is beneficial to improving the positional stability of the non-removable lining formwork during concrete pouring, thereby reducing the positional deviation, dimensional deviation, and verticality deviation of the inner cavity of the cup-shaped opening; the prefabricated cup-shaped shell can directly form the cup-shaped opening. The inner wall helps improve the molding quality of the inner cavity of the cup; the foundation and the cup are formed in one continuous pour, which helps reduce joint defects in the interface area and improves the integrity and durability of the cup foundation; the non-removable lining is made of cement-based material compatible with the concrete to be poured, and its outer wall surface has an interface interlocking structure. After pouring, it can be left in the designed position of the cup and become part of the cup foundation, thereby reducing the workload of demolding, cleaning and repair inside the cup, reducing the risk of damage to the edge or inner wall of the cup caused by demolding, and taking into account construction efficiency, molding accuracy and structural reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the construction method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforced concrete structure of the foundation and the formwork inside it that does not need to be removed in the construction method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the construction method without removing the formwork provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the outer formwork of the foundation and the outer formwork of the cup-shaped opening in the construction method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a side view of the basic structure of the cup opening provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0035] In the diagram: 10-Foundation body, 11-Pile cap, 12-Cup mouth, 20-Removable lining formwork, 21-Cup-shaped shell, 211-Inner wall surface, 212-Outer wall surface, 213-Interface interlocking structure, 214-Through hole, 22-Anchoring connection, 221-Anchoring rib, 222-Connecting hole, 30-Pile cap reinforcement structure, 31-Pile cap bottom plate reinforcement, 32-Lower anchoring node, 40-Pile cap outer formwork, 50-Cup mouth outer formwork, 61-Tie rod. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0038] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0039] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0040] Please also refer to Figures 1 to 4 This invention provides a construction method for casting a cup-shaped foundation. This method can be used in steel structure workshops, industrial buildings, or other construction scenarios that require a cup-shaped foundation for inserting steel columns. A cup-shaped foundation can be understood as a foundation structure including a foundation platform and a cup-shaped opening. The foundation platform bears and distributes the load transmitted from the superstructure, and the cup-shaped opening is located in a predetermined area on the foundation platform, forming an inner cavity for inserting steel columns. The design location of the cup-shaped opening is the predetermined position for forming the inner cavity in the construction drawings or structural design, and does not indicate that a physical cup-shaped opening already exists at the initial stage of construction.

[0041] The construction method includes the following steps.

[0042] S1, a foundation steel structure 30 is set at the construction position of the cup-shaped foundation. The cup-shaped design position of the foundation steel structure 30 is provided with a lower anchoring node 32, which is used to connect with the lower part of the non-removable lining formwork 20.

[0043] Specifically, construction workers can first tie the foundation reinforcement structure 30 at the bottom of the foundation pad or pit according to the design requirements. The foundation reinforcement structure 30 may include the foundation base plate reinforcement 31, vertical reinforcement, structural reinforcement, and reinforcing reinforcement corresponding to the cup-shaped area. Since the non-removable formwork 20 needs to be installed at the designed cup-shaped location later, the lower anchorage node 32 can be pre-set at the designed cup-shaped location during the construction stage of the foundation reinforcement structure 30. The lower anchorage node 32 is a node for connecting and transmitting constraint forces to the lower part of the non-removable formwork 20, and it can be fixed to the foundation base plate reinforcement 31, the cup-shaped area reinforcement, or other foundation reinforcement components. The specific form of the lower anchorage node 32 is not limited to a certain type of connector, as long as it can form a connection or position for the lower part of the non-removable formwork 20 before pouring.

[0044] By pre-setting the lower anchoring node 32 during the steel reinforcement construction stage, the non-removable lining formwork 20 can directly establish a connection with the foundation steel reinforcement structure 30 after subsequent hoisting and positioning, avoiding the non-removable lining formwork 20 relying solely on its own weight, temporary counterweight, or simple binding to maintain its position, thus providing a foundation for subsequent anti-buoyancy and anti-displacement.

[0045] S2, the prefabricated non-removable lining mold 20 is installed at the designed position of the cup opening. The non-removable lining mold 20 is made of cement-based material compatible with the concrete to be poured. The non-removable lining mold 20 includes a cup-shaped shell 21, an anchoring connection part 22 provided on the lower outer side of the cup-shaped shell 21, and a through hole provided on the upper side wall of the cup-shaped shell 21. The cup-shaped shell 21 has an inner wall surface 211 for forming the inner wall of the cup opening and an outer wall surface 212 for embedding in the concrete to be poured. The outer wall surface 212 is provided with an interface interlocking structure 213 for bonding with the concrete.

[0046] Specifically, the non-removable liner 20 can be prefabricated in the factory or at the construction site and then transported to the construction location. The cup-shaped shell 21 has a hollow structure that fits the inner cavity of the cup opening. During installation, the cup-shaped shell 21 is placed at the designed position of the cup opening, so that the inner wall surface 211 of the cup-shaped shell 21 defines the boundary of the subsequent inner cavity of the cup opening. In other words, the cup-shaped shell 21 plays a role in positioning and forming during the casting process, and after casting, its inner wall surface 211 is used as the inner wall surface 211 of the inner cavity of the cup opening.

[0047] The formwork 20 is made of cement-based material compatible with the concrete to be poured. Compatibility here mainly refers to the fact that the material of the formwork 20 and the cast-in-place concrete are compatible with each other in terms of interface bonding, durability and structural synergy, rather than forming an isolation layer that is difficult to bond between the two.

[0048] The outer wall 212 of the cup-shaped shell 21 is embedded in the concrete after pouring. To ensure that the formwork 20 is not simply encased within the foundation body 10, but rather forms a reliable bond with the surrounding concrete, the outer wall 212 is provided with an interface interlocking structure 213. The interface interlocking structure 213 can increase the mechanical interlocking and contact bonding between the outer wall 212 and the concrete, allowing the formwork 20 to remain more stably in the cup-shaped foundation.

[0049] In this embodiment, the non-removable formwork is made of a cement-based material compatible with the concrete to be poured. This cement-based material can form a good compatibility with the cast-in-place concrete in terms of material properties and interfacial bonding, avoiding the formation of a significant isolation layer inside the cup-shaped foundation. Furthermore, the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell is provided with an interlocking structure. After the cast-in-place concrete covers the outer wall surface and cures, a fitting relationship can be formed at the interlocking structure. In this way, the non-removable formwork, after being left in place, does not exist as a heterogeneous interlayer separate from the foundation body, but can form a component of the cup-shaped foundation together with the foundation body.

[0050] S3, connect the anchoring connection 22 to the lower anchoring node 32 to form an anchoring constraint on the lower part of the non-removable liner 20.

[0051] After the formwork 20 is hoisted or placed at the designed position at the cup-shaped opening, the construction workers connect the anchoring connection 22 on the lower outer side of the cup-shaped shell 21 to the aforementioned lower anchoring node 32. The anchoring connection 22 can be understood as the structural part at the lower part of the formwork 20 used to receive external anchoring forces, which can transfer the constraint provided by the lower anchoring node 32 to the cup-shaped shell 21. After the connection is completed, the lower part of the formwork 20 is no longer in a free state, but establishes a constraint relationship with the foundation steel reinforcement structure 30 or the pre-set connector through the anchoring connection 22.

[0052] During concrete pouring, the cup-shaped shell 21, being a hollow component, is susceptible to buoyancy from the concrete and tends to float upwards. Simultaneously, concrete flow and vibration may cause the cup-shaped shell 21 to shift horizontally. The lower anchoring constraint can suppress these displacement tendencies from the bottom of the cup-shaped shell 21, ensuring that the bottom position of the non-removable formwork 20 remains consistent with the designed position of the cup opening.

[0053] S4, install the outer template 40 of the foundation and the outer template 50 of the cup mouth respectively, and connect the tie member to the support member of the outer template 50 of the cup mouth after passing through the through hole, so as to form a tie constraint on the upper part of the non-removable liner 20.

[0054] After the lower part of the non-removable lining formwork 20 is anchored, the construction workers continue to install the outer formwork 40 of the foundation and the outer formwork 50 of the cup opening. The outer formwork 40 of the foundation is used to define the pouring boundary of the outer perimeter of the foundation, and the outer formwork 50 of the cup opening is used to define the pouring boundary of the outer perimeter of the cup opening 12. The supporting components of the outer formwork 50 of the cup opening are components that can support or reinforce the outer formwork 50 of the cup opening and withstand the tensile force (not separately marked in the attached drawing). These components may include keels, back ribs, steel pipes, structural steel, or other formwork reinforcement components, as long as they can cooperate with the tie components to form a stable support connection.

[0055] After passing through the through hole in the upper sidewall of the cup-shaped shell 21, the tie member connects to the supporting member of the outer template 50 of the cup opening. The through hole is a channel structure that penetrates the wall thickness of the cup-shaped shell 21, allowing the tie member to pass through. After the tie is completed, a connection is formed between the upper part of the cup-shaped shell 21 and the outer template system. Since the outer template system has been erected and reinforced according to construction requirements before pouring, the tie member can use the outer template system to constrain the upper part of the non-removable lining 20, thereby suppressing the upward floating, tilting, or swaying of the upper part of the cup-shaped shell 21 during the pouring process.

[0056] The lower anchoring constraint and the upper tie constraint work together to ensure that the formwork 20 is not only fixed at the bottom or temporarily held at the top, but also achieves more stable positioning conditions in both the vertical and horizontal directions. This coordinated upper and lower constraint relationship is an important foundation for the smooth implementation of subsequent continuous pouring.

[0057] S5, continuously pour concrete into the pouring space formed by at least the outer formwork 40 of the foundation, the outer formwork 50 of the cup, and the non-removable lining formwork 20, so that the foundation and the cup are cast in one go.

[0058] After the formwork system and the non-removable lining formwork 20 are positioned, the construction workers pour concrete into the pouring space. The pouring space is jointly defined by the outer formwork 40 of the foundation, the outer formwork 50 of the cup opening, and the non-removable lining formwork 20. The non-removable lining formwork 20 occupies the position corresponding to the inner cavity of the cup opening, and the concrete mainly fills the outer side of the non-removable lining formwork 20 and the structural areas corresponding to the foundation and the cup opening 12.

[0059] Continuous casting refers to the formation of a continuous concrete structure between the foundation and the cup during the same construction process, without separately casting the cup after the foundation has hardened. During casting, concrete can gradually fill from the foundation area to the cup area, or other casting sequences that meet the requirements of continuous forming can be adopted according to the site construction organization. Since the formwork 20 is stabilized by lower anchoring and upper ties, it is not prone to significant floating or displacement during concrete casting and vibration, thus ensuring a more reliable position and size of the cup's inner cavity.

[0060] S6. After the concrete is poured, it is cured and the outer formwork 40 of the foundation and the outer formwork 50 of the cup opening are removed after the concrete reaches the preset demolding conditions, so that the non-removable lining form 20 is left in the cup opening design position as part of the cup opening foundation.

[0061] After the concrete is poured, the construction workers carry out curing according to the concrete construction requirements. When the concrete strength or age reaches the preset demolding conditions, the outer formwork 40 of the foundation and the outer formwork 50 of the cup opening are removed. Unlike traditional removable core molds, the non-removable lining mold 20 in this embodiment is not removed from the cup opening and remains in the designed position of the cup opening. The inner wall surface 211 of the cup-shaped shell 21 forms the inner wall of the cup opening cavity, and the outer wall surface 212 is embedded in and combined with the surrounding concrete, so the non-removable lining mold 20 becomes part of the cup opening foundation.

[0062] As can be seen from the above construction process, the non-removable formwork 20 is stably constrained by the lower anchoring node 32 and the upper tie member before pouring, and can resist the buoyancy of concrete, lateral pressure and positional changes caused by vibration disturbance during pouring. Since the foundation and the cup are formed into an integral concrete structure through continuous pouring, the horizontal construction joint between the foundation and the cup is no longer formed due to the phased construction, and the overall integrity of the foundation is improved accordingly. At the same time, the non-removable formwork 20 is permanently retained after pouring, and there is no need to carry out formwork removal work in the narrow cup, avoiding edge chipping, prying damage and formwork loss caused by formwork removal. Furthermore, the cement-based non-removable formwork 20 is combined with the cast-in-place concrete through the interface interlocking structure 213 of the outer wall surface 212, so that the formwork is no longer a temporary formwork in the construction stage, but a permanent component that works together with the cup foundation, thus taking into account the cup forming accuracy, construction efficiency and structural durability.

[0063] In the above construction method, the lower part of the formwork 20 that does not need to be removed needs to be reliably connected to the foundation reinforcement structure 30 before concrete pouring. This embodiment further illustrates a specific implementation method of the lower anchorage constraint.

[0064] In step S1, construction workers can pre-fix the lower anchoring node 32 at the designed cup-shaped position of the foundation reinforcement structure 30. The lower anchoring node 32 can be a pre-embedded positioning screw or a binding wire. The pre-embedded positioning screw can be fixed to the foundation bottom plate reinforcement 31 during the binding process, so that its upper end extends to a position that facilitates connection to the non-removable lining formwork 20; the binding wire can be pre-threaded or fixed to the foundation bottom plate reinforcement 31 so as to be subsequently bound and connected to the lower part of the non-removable lining formwork 20.

[0065] In this embodiment, the anchoring connection 22 of the non-removable lining 20 can be multiple anchoring ribs 221. These anchoring ribs 221 extend radially outward from the bottom of the cup-shaped shell 21 and are distributed radially around it. Each anchoring rib 221 has a connecting hole 222, which provides a insertion point for pre-embedded positioning screws or binding wires. Because the anchoring ribs 221 extend outward from the bottom of the cup-shaped shell 21, they increase the connection range between the lower part of the non-removable lining 20 and the foundation steel reinforcement structure 30, preventing the constraint force from being concentrated at a single location on the cup-shaped shell 21.

[0066] In step S3, when the lower anchoring node 32 uses a pre-embedded positioning screw, the construction personnel hoist or lower the non-removable lining formwork 20 to the designed position of the cup opening, so that the pre-embedded positioning screw passes through the connecting hole 222 on the corresponding anchoring rib 221, and then install and tighten the nut on the pre-embedded positioning screw. In this way, the anchoring rib 221 is pressed against the foundation steel reinforcement structure 30 or the corresponding support position, and the lower part of the cup-shaped shell 21 is thus subject to downward and horizontal limiting constraints. When the lower anchoring node 32 uses binding wire, the construction personnel can pass the binding wire through the connecting hole 222 and bind and fix it, so that the anchoring rib 221 forms a binding connection with the foundation bottom plate steel reinforcement 31 or other foundation steel reinforcement components.

[0067] The aforementioned connection method allows the formwork 20 to be mechanically connected to the foundation reinforcement structure 30 before pouring. During concrete pouring, the cup-shaped shell 21 experiences upward buoyancy and lateral disturbance. The anchoring ribs 221 transmit these displacement tendencies to the lower anchoring nodes 32 through the connecting holes 222, where the foundation reinforcement structure 30 provides reverse restraint. Compared to relying solely on counterweights or temporary supports, this lower anchoring restraint can more directly limit the upward floating and horizontal displacement of the bottom of the formwork 20, thereby improving the forming stability at the designed cup opening position.

[0068] In other embodiments, the lower anchoring node 32 may also be an anchoring rebar, a pre-embedded nut, a pre-embedded sleeve, an anchor plate, or other components that can form a connection with the anchoring connection 22. As long as the component can restrain the lower part of the non-removable lining 20 at the designed position of the cup opening before pouring, it can be used as an alternative to the lower anchoring node 32.

[0069] In the above construction method, the lower anchorage constraint mainly restricts the position of the lower part of the formwork 20 that can be removed, but the upper part of the cup-shaped shell 21 may still sway under the action of concrete lateral pressure and vibration disturbance. This embodiment further illustrates a specific implementation method of the upper tie constraint.

[0070] In this embodiment, the through holes can be multiple through holes 214 formed in the top area of ​​the four walls of the cup-shaped shell 21. The through holes 214 penetrate the wall thickness of the cup-shaped shell 21, allowing the tie member to pass through from one side of the cup-shaped shell 21 and then through the corresponding hole on the other side of the cup-shaped shell 21 to connect with the outer template system. To improve the local bearing capacity of the duct during hoisting and tying, a protective sleeve can be pre-embedded in the inner wall of the through hole 214, or circumferential reinforcing bars can be set around the through hole 214. The protective sleeve can be a PVC sleeve, a steel sleeve, or other sleeve structure that can maintain the shape of the duct; the circumferential reinforcing bars can be arranged around the through hole 214 to reduce the risk of local crushing or cracking of the concrete at the edge of the hole under the action of tying force. That is, when the tie member passes through the through hole 214, the tie member does not directly contact the inner wall of the hole, but contacts the pre-embedded protective sleeve or the circumferential reinforcing bars (not shown separately in the attached drawings).

[0071] In step S4, the tie rod 61 can be used as the connecting component, and the supporting component of the outer template 50 of the cup mouth can be a keel set on the outside of the outer template 50 of the cup mouth. After the outer template 40 of the foundation and the outer template 50 of the cup mouth are installed, the construction personnel pass the tie rod 61 through the through holes 214 arranged opposite to each other on the upper part of the cup-shaped shell 21, and tie and fasten the two ends of the tie rod 61 to the keel on the outside of the outer template 50 of the cup mouth respectively. After tightening the fasteners at both ends of the tie rod 61, the upper part of the cup-shaped shell 21 is tied to the outer template 50 system, and the upper part of the non-removable liner 20 thus obtains a stable tie constraint.

[0072] The keel here refers to the component used to support and reinforce the template in the outer template 50 system. In other embodiments, the supporting component is not limited to the keel, but can also be a back rib, steel pipe, structural steel, or other template reinforcement. As long as the supporting component can withstand the tension force transmitted by the tie rod 61 and cooperate with the outer template 50 to maintain the stability of the template system, it can be used to achieve upper tension constraint.

[0073] Through the aforementioned upper tying method, the upper part of the non-removable lining formwork 20 no longer relies solely on its own rigidity to resist the lateral pressure of the concrete, but instead forms an external constraint with the help of the outer formwork 50 system at the cup opening. During pouring, the concrete exerts compressive force on the sidewalls of the cup-shaped shell 21, and vibration operations may also cause the cup-shaped shell 21 to tilt. The tie rod 61 passes through the through hole 214 and is tied to the formwork support component, which can limit the lateral displacement and rotation tendency of the upper part of the cup-shaped shell 21. After the lower anchoring constraint and the upper tying constraint work together, the non-removable lining formwork 20 forms a coordinated upper and lower positioning in the height direction, which is beneficial to maintaining the position and verticality of the inner cavity of the cup opening.

[0074] After the concrete curing is completed and the outer formwork 50 of the cup-shaped shell is removed, the tie rod 61 can be removed along with the formwork system, and the through hole 214 can be left empty. Since the through hole 214 is located in the upper area of ​​the cup-shaped shell 21 and its main function occurs during the construction phase, leaving it empty will not affect the subsequent insertion of steel columns and load-bearing capacity of the cup-shaped foundation.

[0075] In this embodiment, multiple through holes 214 are symmetrically arranged circumferentially along the cup-shaped shell 21. Symmetrical arrangement means that the through holes 214 are located on opposite sidewalls or at corresponding circumferential positions of the cup-shaped shell 21, allowing the formwork 20 to be subjected to relatively balanced force when pulled by lifting slings. During step S2, construction personnel can pass the lifting slings through the symmetrically arranged through holes 214 and then use lifting equipment to hoist the formwork 20 in a balanced manner. After being lifted, the formwork 20 is lowered to the designed cup-shaped opening position in the foundation reinforcement structure 30, and the anchorage connection 22 is aligned with the lower anchorage node 32.

[0076] When using the through hole 214 as the lifting hole, there is no need to install additional lifting rings, lifting lugs, or other protruding lifting components on the cup-shaped shell 21. Since the through hole 214 itself is located on the upper side wall of the cup-shaped shell 21, the lifting slings can apply a more balanced traction force to the cup-shaped shell 21 from the opposite side after passing through the symmetrical holes, reducing the possibility of the non-removable liner 20 tilting, colliding with the steel reinforcement structure, or deviating from the designed position of the cup opening during the lifting process.

[0077] After the formwork 20 is lowered into place and its lower anchoring is completed, the through holes 214 continue to be used as fixing holes for the tie rods 61 in step S4. Construction workers pass the tie rods 61 through these through holes 214 and connect them to the supporting components of the outer formwork 50. Thus, the through holes 214 are used to guide the hoisting rigging during the hoisting phase and to pass the tie rods 61 during the formwork tying phase; the same hole participates in the installation positioning and upper constraint of the formwork 20 in succession.

[0078] The aforementioned dual-purpose hole design eliminates the need for two sets of holes or two types of embedded components for the cup-shaped shell 21, one for hoisting and the other for tying. Reducing the number of holes simplifies the prefabrication process of the cup-shaped shell 21, and makes it easier to centrally arrange the reinforcing structures around the holes. Simultaneously, the hoisting point and subsequent tying point are located near the same set of holes, making the construction connection between the non-removable formwork 20 and the formwork tying more direct. After fulfilling its function during the construction phase, the through hole 214 can remain empty. This empty hole is located on the upper sidewall of the cup-shaped shell 21, without altering the main space within the cup opening for inserting steel columns, and without hindering the non-removable formwork 20 from functioning as a permanent component of the cup-shaped foundation.

[0079] See Figures 2 to 5This invention also provides a cup-shaped foundation structure. This cup-shaped foundation structure is a solid foundation structure after construction is completed, and can be used for foundations in steel structure workshops, industrial plants, or other locations requiring the insertion of steel columns. The cup-shaped foundation structure includes a foundation body 10 and a non-removable formwork 20.

[0080] The foundation body 10 includes a pile cap 11 and a cup-shaped portion 12 formed on the pile cap 11. The pile cap 11 can be understood as the lower part of the foundation base in a cup-shaped foundation, used to bear and distribute the load from the upper part; the cup-shaped portion 12 is formed in a predetermined area above or in the middle of the pile cap 11, used to enclose the inner cavity for the insertion of steel columns. The pile cap 11 and the cup-shaped portion 12 are continuous monolithic concrete structures, that is, they are not two independent concrete components formed by splicing after separate hardening, but together constitute a continuously stressed foundation body 10 after casting. This reduces the risk of construction joints forming between the pile cap 11 and the cup-shaped portion 12 due to separate casting.

[0081] The non-removable formwork 20 is retained within the foundation body 10. "Retained" here means that the non-removable formwork 20 is not removed from the foundation body 10 after the cup-shaped foundation construction is completed, but is retained as part of the cup-shaped foundation within the foundation body 10. The non-removable formwork 20 is made of a cement-based material compatible with concrete, allowing for a good interface bond between the non-removable formwork 20 and the concrete in the foundation body 10, unlike plastic coverings, wooden formwork, or smooth metal formwork which can form an isolation layer inside the foundation that hinders bonding. The specific type of cement-based material can be selected based on the project's strength, durability, and prefabrication requirements.

[0082] The non-removable formwork 20 includes a cup-shaped shell 21, an anchoring connection 22, and a through hole 214. The cup-shaped shell 21 is the main structure forming the inner cavity of the cup, and it has an inner wall surface 211 and an outer wall surface 212. The inner wall surface 211 of the cup-shaped shell 21 faces the inner cavity of the cup and forms the inner wall surface 211 of the inner cavity; the outer wall surface 212 of the cup-shaped shell 21 faces the concrete of the foundation body 10 and is embedded in the concrete of the foundation body 10. In other words, in the final state of the cup-shaped foundation structure, the inner wall of the cup that the steel column faces when it is inserted can be provided by the inner wall surface 211 of the cup-shaped shell 21, while the outer wall surface 212 of the cup-shaped shell 21 is covered and bonded by the concrete of the foundation body 10.

[0083] The outer wall surface 212 of the cup-shaped shell 21 is provided with an interface interlocking structure 213 that engages with the concrete of the foundation body 10. The interface interlocking structure 213 is a surface structure provided on the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21, which can increase the contact bonding and mechanical interlocking between the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21 and the cast-in-place concrete. Since the formwork 20 is permanently retained in the foundation body 10 after completion, the bonding relationship between the outer wall surface 212 and the concrete of the foundation body 10 directly affects whether the formwork 20 can work together with the foundation body 10. By setting the interface interlocking structure 213, the concrete of the foundation body 10 can more reliably wrap and fit the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21 after solidification, so that the formwork 20 is not just a passively embedded component in the concrete, but forms a permanent structure that works in conjunction with the foundation body 10.

[0084] Anchoring connection 22 is located on the lower outer side of the cup-shaped shell 21 and embedded within the foundation 11. Anchoring connection 22 forms a mechanical connection with the reinforcing steel structure and / or pre-installed connectors within the foundation body 10. The reinforcing steel structure within the foundation body 10 may include the foundation base plate reinforcing steel 31, the cup-shaped area reinforcing steel, or other foundation reinforcement in the foundation 11; the pre-installed connectors may be components pre-arranged during construction and used to connect the formwork 20. After the anchoring connection 22 forms a mechanical connection with these reinforcing steel structures or pre-installed connectors, the lower part of the cup-shaped shell 21 can establish a more reliable connection with the foundation body 10 through the anchoring connection 22. This connection helps limit the upward movement and displacement of the formwork 20 during construction and also helps improve the structural integrity between the formwork 20 and the foundation 11 after completion.

[0085] The through hole 214 is formed on the upper side wall of the cup-shaped shell 21 and extends through the wall thickness of the cup-shaped shell 21. During the construction phase, the through hole 214 allows for the installation of tie rods or hoisting slings to facilitate the hoisting, positioning, or upper tie-in of the cup-shaped shell 21. After the cup-shaped foundation structure is completed, the through hole 214 can remain empty. Since the through hole 214 is located in the upper region of the cup-shaped shell 21, it does not occupy the main space in the cup-shaped cavity used for inserting steel columns, nor does it change the continuous concrete integral structure of the foundation body 10, specifically the pile cap 11 and the cup-shaped portion 12. Therefore, it generally does not affect the subsequent use of the cup-shaped foundation.

[0086] In this cup-shaped foundation structure, the cup-shaped shell 21 forms a lower anchorage connection with the foundation body 10 through the anchorage connection 22, and is bonded to the concrete of the foundation body 10 through the interface interlocking structure 213 of the outer wall surface 212. The lower anchorage connection mainly provides mechanical connection and positional constraint, while the interface interlocking structure 213 mainly improves the bonding ability between the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21 and the cast-in-place concrete. Together, they enable the formwork 20 to remain stably in the foundation body 10, and together with the foundation body 10, constitute the permanent structure of the cup-shaped foundation.

[0087] As can be seen from the above structural relationships, the foundation 11 and the cup-shaped base 12 in the cup-shaped base structure are continuous concrete integral structures, which can reduce the construction joint problems caused by multiple pours; the inner wall surface 211 of the non-removable lining 20 directly forms the inner cavity of the cup-shaped base, which is conducive to ensuring the forming accuracy of the inner cavity of the cup-shaped base; the outer wall surface 212 of the non-removable lining 20 is combined with the concrete of the foundation body 10 through the interface interlocking structure 213, and is mechanically connected to the internal steel reinforcement structure or pre-set connectors of the foundation body 10 through the anchoring connection 22, so that the non-removable lining 20 becomes a permanent component of the cup-shaped base after completion. Therefore, the cup-shaped base structure can take into account the cup-shaped base forming quality, the overall integrity of the foundation, and the structural reliability after non-removable construction.

[0088] Based on the aforementioned cup-shaped foundation structure, in some optional implementations, the cement-based material of the non-removable lining 20 may include at least one of steel fiber reinforced concrete, fiber-reinforced cement-based composite material, or glass fiber reinforced concrete. All of these materials are cement-based materials capable of forming a good material compatibility with the cast-in-place concrete in the foundation body 10. This allows them to remain as part of the cup-shaped foundation structure long-term after casting, while also preventing the formation of a weak bonding interface between the foundation body 10 and the inner cavity of the cup, similar to a plastic layer, wooden formwork, or smooth metal plate.

[0089] In a further implementation, a reinforcing skeleton, including a two-way steel mesh, can be pre-embedded inside the cup-shaped shell 21. The two-way steel mesh can be arranged along the height and circumference of the cup-shaped shell 21, or it can be positioned close to the inner wall surface 211 and the outer wall surface 212 of the cup-shaped shell 21, respectively. Since the cup-shaped shell 21 needs to withstand the pressure of hoisting, lowering, anchoring, tying, and concrete pouring during the construction phase, the two-way steel mesh can form a continuous crack-resistant skeleton within the cement-based material, making it less prone to through-cracks in the cup-shaped shell 21 in areas with holes, corners, and thinner shell walls.

[0090] By using the aforementioned materials and reinforced frame, the non-removable formwork 20 possesses sufficient rigidity and crack resistance during construction, while maintaining material compatibility with the concrete of the foundation body 10 after completion. Therefore, the non-removable formwork 20 can serve as a permanent component of the cup-shaped foundation structure for a long period.

[0091] In this embodiment, the foundation body 10 includes a cured concrete matrix and a foundation reinforcement structure 30 embedded in the concrete matrix. For ease of explanation of the shape and functional parts of the foundation body 10, the foundation body 10 can be divided into a foundation portion 11 and a cup-shaped portion 12 formed on the foundation portion 11. The foundation portion 11 and the cup-shaped portion 12 are continuously cast from concrete and together form the main load-bearing part of the cup-shaped foundation. The foundation reinforcement structure 30 is embedded within the foundation body 10 and shares the load with the cured concrete matrix; wherein, the foundation reinforcement structure 30 may include foundation bottom plate reinforcement 31 located within the foundation portion 11.

[0092] Based on the aforementioned cup mouth basic structure, in some optional implementations, the interface interlocking structure 213 can be at least one of the following: a grid-like indentation, a textured surface, or an exposed aggregate surface distributed on the outer wall of the cup-shaped shell 21.

[0093] The grid-like indentation can be formed during the prefabrication of the cup-shaped shell 21 by using a mold surface with a grid texture, an embossing plate, or a rolling tool to create intersecting grooves or ridges on the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21. This grid-like structure can create multiple staggered mechanical interlocking positions on the outer wall surface 212. After the cast-in-place concrete covers the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21 and solidifies, the concrete enters or adheres to these grid-textured areas, which can improve the anti-slip ability between the concrete of the foundation body 10 and the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21.

[0094] The textured surface can be a continuous or intermittent distribution of protrusions, pits, ripples, serrations, or rough textures formed on the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21. Compared with a smooth outer wall, the textured surface increases the actual contact area of ​​the outer wall surface 212, and also enables the cast-in-place concrete to form a stronger interlocking effect with the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21 after solidification. For structures like cup-shaped foundations that need to withstand the load transmission of steel columns, grouting, and environmental changes over a long period of time, the textured surface helps to reduce the risk of interface separation between the non-removable formwork 20 and the foundation body 10.

[0095] The exposed aggregate surface can be formed by surface treatment of the outer wall surface 212 after the cup-shaped shell 21 is prefabricated, such as washing, sandblasting, roughening, brushing after slow setting, or other treatments that can locally expose the aggregate. The exposed aggregate surface makes the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21 present a rough cement-based bonding interface. After the concrete poured on site comes into contact with this rough interface and hardens, it can improve the connection reliability between the formwork and the foundation body 10 in terms of both physical interlocking and material bonding.

[0096] The aforementioned interface interlocking structure 213 can be set individually or in combination. For example, the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell 21 can simultaneously have a grid-like indentation and a partially exposed aggregate surface, or different forms of interface interlocking structures 213 can be set in different height areas. Since the non-removable lining formwork 20 is permanently retained in the foundation body 10 after completion, the interface interlocking structure 213 enables its outer wall surface 212 to form a more reliable bonding relationship with the concrete of the foundation body 10, thereby enabling the cup-shaped shell 21, the foundation portion 11, and the cup mouth portion 12 to jointly form a stable cup mouth foundation structure.

[0097] Based on the aforementioned cup-shaped basic structure, in some optional implementations, the anchoring connection 22 can be multiple anchoring ribs 221 extending radially outward along the bottom outer wall of the cup-shaped shell 21 and distributed in a radial pattern. The anchoring ribs 221 can extend outward from the bottom edge or the outer wall region near the bottom of the cup-shaped shell 21 and are spaced apart circumferentially along the cup-shaped shell 21. This radial distribution allows the multiple anchoring ribs 221 to connect and limit the lower part of the cup-shaped shell 21 from different directions, preventing the anchoring force from concentrating on a single sidewall or a single corner.

[0098] In one specific structure, the anchoring rib 221 and the cup-shaped shell 21 are integrally formed. That is, the anchoring rib 221 and the cup-shaped shell 21 can be integrally cast from cement-based materials in the same prefabrication process, without any post-installation connection seams. When using an integrally formed structure, the tensile, shear, or constraint forces borne by the anchoring rib 221 can be more directly transmitted to the cup-shaped shell 21 body, reducing the risk of loosening, detachment, or cracking of the connection interface of post-installed connectors. For structures requiring anti-buoyancy before casting and embedded in the foundation 11 after completion, the integrally formed anchoring rib 221 can improve the integrity between the lower part of the non-removable formwork 20 and the foundation body 10.

[0099] In a further implementation, the anchoring rib 221 has a connecting hole 222. The reinforcing steel structure within the foundation body 10 may include the foundation base plate reinforcing steel 31, and the pre-installed connectors may include positioning screws or binding wires pre-fixed to the foundation base plate reinforcing steel 31. The positioning screws can be pre-fixed during the binding stage of the foundation reinforcing steel structure 30, and their positions correspond to the connecting holes 222 on the anchoring rib 221. When the non-removable liner 20 is installed to the cup-shaped design position, the connecting holes 222 of the anchoring rib 221 are fitted over the positioning screws and locked by fasteners. The fasteners may be nuts, washers and nut combinations, or other locking components that can cooperate with the positioning screws.

[0100] When the pre-installed connector uses binding wire, the binding wire can pass through the connection hole 222 on the anchoring rib 221 and be tied and fixed to the bottom plate reinforcement 31 of the foundation, thus forming a mechanical connection between the anchoring rib 221 and the bottom plate reinforcement 31 of the foundation. This method is suitable for scenarios where the connection stiffness requirement is relatively low or where it is desirable to simplify the installation operation on site.

[0101] Through the above structure, the anchoring rib 221 is not merely a local protrusion at the bottom of the cup-shaped shell 21, but rather a load-bearing component connecting the cup-shaped shell 21 and the internal steel reinforcement structure of the foundation body 10. During construction, the anchoring rib 221, through the connecting hole 222, cooperates with the positioning screw or binding wire to restrict the upward floating and horizontal movement of the lower part of the formwork 20. After completion, the anchoring rib 221 is embedded in the concrete of the foundation 11 and forms a connection with the reinforcement 31 of the foundation bottom plate or a pre-set connector, making the lower part of the formwork 20 more stably anchored within the foundation body 10. Thus, a more reliable structural synergy is formed between the cup-shaped shell 21, the anchoring rib 221, the concrete of the foundation body 10, and the reinforcement 31 of the foundation bottom plate.

[0102] Based on the aforementioned cup-shaped basic structure, in some optional implementations, the through holes 214 can be multiple pre-reserved holes symmetrically distributed circumferentially along the sidewalls of the cup-shaped shell 21. Circumferential symmetrical distribution means that the multiple through holes 214 are arranged around the sidewalls of the cup-shaped shell 21 in a relatively balanced, balanced, or basically balanced manner. For example, when the cup-shaped shell 21 is rectangular or square, through holes 214 can be provided on opposite sidewalls or all four sidewalls; when the cup-shaped shell 21 is circular, polygonal, or other structures that match the design shape of the cup opening, corresponding through holes 214 can also be provided circumferentially. This arrangement of the through holes 214 facilitates symmetrical hoisting and symmetrical connection during the construction phase, reducing the force offset of the cup-shaped shell 21.

[0103] The through hole 214 can be located in an area 80mm to 100mm from the top surface of the cup-shaped shell 21. This area is close to the upper part of the cup-shaped shell 21, which facilitates the installation of tie rods 61 or other tie members by construction personnel during the installation of the outer template 50 of the cup opening; at the same time, this area has a certain height from the top surface of the cup-shaped shell 21, which can prevent the hole from being too close to the top edge and weakening the top edge of the cup-shaped shell 21. By setting the through hole 214 within the above-mentioned height range, a good balance can be achieved between facilitating construction operations and ensuring the structural strength of the hole edge.

[0104] In a further implementation, a protective sleeve or circumferential reinforcing steel bar is pre-embedded in the inner wall of the through hole 214. The protective sleeve can be pre-embedded in the hole location during the prefabrication of the cup-shaped shell 21, giving the through hole 214 a more regular hole boundary after molding. The protective sleeve can withstand the localized compression of the hole wall by lifting slings, tie rods 61, or other connecting components, reducing the possibility of wear or crushing of the cement-based hole wall. The protective sleeve can be made of steel pipe, PVC pipe, or other pipe fittings with hole protection functions. The same applies to the circumferential reinforcing steel bar.

[0105] Through the arrangement and reinforcement of the through holes 214 described above, the through holes 214 not only meet the needs of installing hoisting slings or tie rods during the construction phase, but also maintain a relatively complete duct shape after the completion of the cup-shaped foundation structure. When the through holes 214 are left empty, because they are located in the upper region of the cup-shaped shell 21 and have been protected or reinforced, they will not damage the main structure of the cup-shaped shell 21 as the inner wall of the cup, nor will they affect the subsequent insertion of steel columns into the inner cavity of the cup.

[0106] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A construction method for casting and shaping a cup-shaped foundation, characterized in that, include: S1, a reinforced concrete foundation structure is set at the construction location of the cup-shaped foundation. The cup-shaped design location of the reinforced concrete foundation structure is provided with a lower anchoring node, which is used to connect with the lower part of the non-removable formwork. S2, the prefabricated non-removable lining mold is installed at the designed position of the cup opening. The non-removable lining mold is made of a cement-based material compatible with the concrete to be poured. The non-removable lining mold includes a cup-shaped shell, an anchoring connection part disposed on the lower outer side of the cup-shaped shell, and a through hole part disposed on the upper side wall of the cup-shaped shell. The cup-shaped shell has an inner wall surface for forming the inner wall of the cup opening and an outer wall surface for embedding in the concrete to be poured. The outer wall surface is provided with an interface interlocking structure for bonding with the concrete. S3, connect the anchoring connection part to the lower anchoring node to form an anchoring constraint on the lower part of the non-removable liner; S4, install the outer template of the support platform and the outer template of the cup mouth respectively, and connect the tie member to the support member of the outer template of the cup mouth after passing through the through hole, so as to form a tie constraint on the upper part of the non-removable liner. S5, continuously pour concrete into the pouring space formed by at least the outer template of the foundation, the outer template of the cup, and the non-removable lining, so that the foundation and the cup are cast in one go. S6, cure the poured concrete, and after the concrete reaches the preset demolding conditions, remove the outer formwork of the foundation and the outer formwork of the cup opening, so that the non-removable lining formwork is left in the designed position of the cup opening as part of the cup opening foundation.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the lower anchoring node is a pre-embedded positioning screw or binding wire pre-fixed to the steel reinforcement structure of the foundation; the anchoring connection part is a plurality of anchoring ribs extending radially outward along the bottom of the cup-shaped shell and distributed in a radial pattern, and the anchoring ribs are provided with connection holes; in step S3, the pre-embedded positioning screw is passed through the corresponding connection hole and tightened with a nut, or the binding wire is passed through the connection hole for binding.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The through holes are multiple through holes opened in the top area of ​​the four walls of the cup-shaped shell. The inner wall of the through holes is pre-embedded with protective sleeves or circumferential reinforcing bars. In step S4, the tie rod is a tie rod, and the support member is a keel set on the outer side of the outer template of the cup mouth. The tie rod passes through the opposite through holes, and the two ends of the tie rod are respectively tied and fastened to the keel.

4. The construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The through holes are symmetrically arranged along the circumference of the cup-shaped shell; in step S2, the prefabricated non-removable liner is installed at the designed position of the cup opening, including: passing the lifting sling through the symmetrically arranged through holes, balancing and lifting the non-removable liner and lowering it into place at the designed position of the cup opening; the through holes are used as lifting holes in the lifting process and as fixing holes for the tie rod in step S4.

5. A basic structure for the mouth of a cup, characterized in that, Includes the basic body and the non-removable liner; The foundation body includes a foundation platform and a cup-shaped opening formed on the foundation platform. The foundation platform and the cup-shaped opening are a continuous monolithic concrete structure. The cup-shaped opening forms an inner cavity for inserting steel columns. The non-removable lining form is placed inside the foundation body. The non-removable lining form is made of a cement-based material compatible with the concrete. The non-removable lining form includes a cup-shaped shell, an anchoring connection provided on the lower outer side of the cup-shaped shell, and a through hole opened on the upper side wall of the cup-shaped shell. The inner wall surface of the cup-shaped shell forms the inner wall surface of the cup mouth cavity; the outer wall surface of the cup-shaped shell is embedded in the concrete of the foundation body, and the outer wall surface is provided with an interface interlocking structure that interlocks with the concrete of the foundation body; the anchoring connection is embedded in the bearing platform and forms a mechanical connection with the steel reinforcement structure and / or pre-set connectors in the foundation body; the through hole penetrates the wall thickness of the cup-shaped shell and is located in the upper region of the cup-shaped shell; The cup-shaped shell is anchored to the foundation body via the anchoring connection and is bonded to the concrete of the foundation body via the interface interlocking structure, so that the non-removable lining and the foundation body together constitute the permanent structure of the cup-shaped foundation.

6. The cup rim basic structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cement-based material for the non-removable lining includes at least one of steel fiber reinforced concrete, fiber-reinforced cement-based composite material, or glass fiber reinforced concrete; the cup-shaped shell has a pre-embedded reinforcing skeleton, which includes a two-way steel mesh.

7. The cup rim basic structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The interlocking structure is at least one of the following: a grid-like indentation, a textured surface, or an exposed aggregate surface distributed on the outer wall of the cup-shaped shell.

8. The cup rim basic structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anchoring connection consists of multiple anchoring ribs that extend radially outward along the bottom outer wall of the cup-shaped shell and are distributed in a radial pattern. The anchoring ribs and the cup-shaped shell are integrally formed.

9. The cup rim basic structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The anchoring rib has a connection hole; the steel reinforcement structure in the foundation body includes the foundation plate reinforcement, and the pre-connecting component includes a positioning screw or binding wire pre-fixed to the foundation plate reinforcement; the connection hole of the anchoring rib is sleeved outside the positioning screw and locked by fasteners, or the binding wire passes through the connection hole and is tied and fixed.

10. The cup rim basic structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The through holes are multiple reserved holes symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the side wall of the cup-shaped shell, and the through holes are located in the area 80mm to 100mm away from the top surface of the cup-shaped shell; the inner wall of the through hole is pre-embedded with a protective sleeve or circumferential reinforcing steel.

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