Water-retaining ecological slope protection net for water and soil conservation of mining area

Abstract

This invention discloses an ecological slope protection net for water conservation in mining areas, belonging to the field of slope stability protection technology. It includes at least one interception unit, which consists of a vertical plate installed horizontally on the slope surface, multiple drainage holes arranged in evenly spaced rows on the plate, and multiple floating sealing plates. Each floating sealing plate independently corresponds to a drainage hole, and its lower edge is rotatably connected to the lower edge of the drainage hole via a flexible waterproof strip. When the water level is lower than the floating sealing plate, the drainage hole opens; when the water level rises and pushes the floating sealing plate, the drainage hole is blocked; when the water level drops, it automatically resets. Drainage holes at different installation heights open synchronously only near the same actual water level, automatically compensating for construction and installation errors, achieving horizontal and uniform dispersion of water flow on the slope, preventing concentrated runoff from seeping into mining-induced fissures, maintaining slope stability, and applicable to water-conserving mining areas such as open-pit mine slopes, spoil heap slopes, and underground mine subsidence area slopes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope protection and water-conserving coal mining technology, specifically to a water level adaptive ecological slope protection net for slopes in water-conserving mining areas. It can automatically disperse slope runoff, prevent concentrated infiltration into mining fissures, protect groundwater resources and maintain slope stability, while also taking into account vegetation restoration and ecological restoration functions. Background Technology

[0002] In water-conserving mining areas, the slopes of open-pit mines, spoil heaps, and the edges of underground mine subsidence zones are highly susceptible to concentrated erosion due to rainfall runoff, which can induce slope instability. More seriously, mining-induced fissures are common on the slopes. When runoff flows into these fissures, large amounts of surface water rapidly infiltrate, leading to increased pore water pressure within the slope and reducing its safety factor. Furthermore, the infiltrated water directly enters the goaf or connects to aquifers, causing irreversible loss of groundwater resources, which contradicts the goal of water-conserving coal mining.

[0003] Traditional rigid retaining walls (concrete cutoff walls, masonry retaining walls) have the following drawbacks when used on slopes in water-conserving mining areas: First, the construction requires high precision, but the slopes of mining spoil heaps and other similar areas are composed of loose deposits with extremely uneven surfaces, making it difficult to achieve a perfectly level top for the retaining walls. Under these circumstances, runoff preferentially converges towards low-lying areas, forming jets that scour the slope surface, which in turn exacerbates local erosion and infiltration.

[0004] Second, rigid structures are not adapted to the uneven settlement of loose slopes. Under the action of their own weight and water immersion, the slope of the spoil heap will experience significant uneven settlement, and the rigid retaining wall will break, forming concentrated seepage channels. Water will flow down from the cracks and accelerate the instability of the slope.

[0005] Third, it lacks adaptive capability. Traditional retaining walls cannot automatically adjust the flow state according to the size of the runoff. During light rain, the drainage is too fast, causing drought downstream, while during heavy rain, the drainage capacity is insufficient, resulting in overflow and concentrated scouring.

[0006] Fourth, there is a lack of coordinated design for water conservation and coal mining, as well as ecological functions. Existing facilities only consider drainage, without taking into account reducing concentrated infiltration through mining-induced fractures to protect groundwater resources, and also lack vegetation restoration and ecological repair functions.

[0007] This invention provides a purely mechanical, water level-adaptive ecological slope protection net, specifically designed for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration of slopes in water-conserving mining areas. By automatically compensating for construction errors and responding in stages to runoff intensity, it achieves uniform horizontal dispersion of water flow, eliminates concentrated infiltration, protects groundwater resources, maintains slope stability, and also facilitates vegetation restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An ecological slope protection net for soil and water conservation in a mining area includes at least one interception unit. The interception unit includes: a vertical plate for horizontal installation on the slope surface along the contour line of the mining area; multiple drainage holes arranged in equally spaced rows on the surface of the vertical plate; and multiple floating sealing plates, each of which is independently set to one of the drainage holes, with the lower edge of each floating sealing plate rotatably connected to the lower edge of the drainage hole via a flexible waterproof strip.

[0009] The floating seal has an open state and a closed state. Open state: When the upstream water level is lower than the floating seal, the floating seal tilts outward under gravity, the drainage hole opens, and the water flow is dispersed across the slope, preventing localized water accumulation. Closed state: When the upstream water level rises and contacts and pushes the floating seal, the floating seal rotates around its lower edge and flips upward at the connection point until it adheres to and seals the drainage hole, preventing water flow. When the water level drops, the floating seal automatically returns to the open state under gravity.

[0010] The equally spaced rows and columns of the drainage holes and the independent operation of each floating sealing plate ensure that drainage holes at different installation heights are only synchronously open near the same actual water level. This automatically compensates for construction and installation errors, achieves horizontal and uniform dispersion of water flow on the slope surface of the mining area, prevents concentrated runoff from seeping into mining-induced fissures, protects groundwater resources, ensures slope stability, and provides stable soil moisture conditions for slope vegetation growth.

[0011] Furthermore, the interception unit also includes a front anti-blocking grille, which is disposed on the water-facing side of the upright plate and spaced apart from the upright plate; the mesh size of the front anti-blocking grille is smaller than the aperture of the drain hole, and is used to intercept debris such as dead branches and gravel.

[0012] Furthermore, the ecological slope protection net includes multiple interception units; these units are connected end-to-end along the contour lines of the mining area slope to form a transverse water-blocking barrier. For slopes with a large length, multiple barriers can be set vertically along the slope surface to achieve graded energy dissipation and soil and water conservation.

[0013] Furthermore, the two side frames of the upright plate are respectively provided with interlocking tenons and interlocking grooves; adjacent interception units are spliced ​​end to end by the cooperation of the interlocking tenons and the interlocking grooves, forming a mechanical interlock perpendicular to the plate surface after splicing, preventing them from coming apart under the impact of water flow.

[0014] Furthermore, at least one side of the upright plate is provided with an anchor pile that can be inserted into the slope; the anchor pile passes through the edge of the upright plate and forms an anti-overturning connection with the upright plate to prevent the slope protection net from being washed away by water flow or sliding along the slope.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom edge of the upright plate is wavy or crenellated, forming root-avoiding recesses and cutting protrusions that are alternately distributed along the bottom edge. When the upright plate is inserted vertically into the slope, the cutting protrusions can cut through finer soil and finer roots, while the root-avoiding recesses can bypass the main roots of larger living plants, thus maximizing the protection of the original vegetation root system in the mining area.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom backwater side of the upright plate is provided with a guide plate extending laterally, which is used to guide the water flowing out through the drainage hole to flow in the horizontal direction or downhill direction, so as to avoid the water flow directly impacting the soil at the root of the upright plate vertically and prevent local scouring from causing the foundation to be hollowed out.

[0017] Furthermore, the flexible waterproof strip is integrally formed with the floating sealing plate and the lower edge of the drainage hole, or is sealed and connected by heat sealing, bonding, or mechanical pressing to prevent leakage when closed.

[0018] Furthermore, the upright plate and / or the floating sealing plate are made of biodegradable polymer materials or recyclable composite materials, which can be biodegraded or recycled after the components reach their service life, thus achieving harmless treatment of the ecological environment of the mining area.

[0019] The ecological slope protection net for soil and water conservation in mining areas provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: First, it enables automatic compensation for construction errors. Traditional rigid weirs have extremely stringent requirements for top levelness, while this invention utilizes the characteristic that drainage holes at different elevations open simultaneously only near the same actual water level, transforming installation levelness errors into automatic matching of the opening timing of the floating sealing plate. Even if the upright plate is higher on the left and lower on the right, or higher in the middle and lower at both ends, during the actual water level rise, the drainage holes at the lower positions will close slightly earlier, and the drainage holes at the higher positions will close slightly later, but the actual water level corresponding to the closure of all drainage holes will be at the same horizontal plane. This mechanism eliminates the negative impact of uneven construction in principle, and is particularly suitable for extremely uneven slopes such as spoil heaps in water-conserving mining areas.

[0020] Secondly, it possesses full-flow-level response capability. Depending on the upstream water level, the ecological slope protection net can automatically switch between multiple operating modes: under conditions of light rainfall or baseflow, when the water level is below all floating barriers, all drainage holes remain open, and water flows slowly through in the form of seepage, posing no risk of slope erosion while simultaneously replenishing soil moisture, which is beneficial for vegetation growth; under conditions of light to moderate rainfall, when the water level rises to the height of some floating barriers, only the drainage holes near the actual water level are open, concentrating drainage within a narrow horizontal band. Water flows out simultaneously and in equal amounts from multiple windows, forming a uniform linear outflow in the horizontal direction, avoiding water... The water flows to a certain point and converges; under heavy rainfall conditions, the water level continues to rise and exceeds the height of all drainage holes, all floating sealing panels close, the ecological slope protection net turns into a fully enclosed state, the upstream water is intercepted on the upstream side of the vertical plate to form a temporary water retention area, the water can only flow through slow infiltration rather than concentrated discharge, to achieve peak reduction and flow reduction protection for the downstream slope; under conditions of torrential rain or overflow, the water flows from the top of the vertical plate, but because the upstream components have achieved uniform dispersion, the overflow water volume is also uniformly distributed rather than concentrated, so the impact on the downstream slope is still relatively small.

[0021] Third, it achieves zero energy consumption and high reliability. This invention is driven entirely by physical mechanisms such as gravity, buoyancy, and water pressure, requiring no sensors, controllers, motors, or external power sources, eliminating the risk of electronic component failure or power outages. All moving parts, namely the floating seal, have only one degree of rotational freedom, and there are no fatigue-prone components such as springs. The flexible waterproof strip has self-lubricating and corrosion-resistant properties, allowing for long-term stable operation in the field without maintenance.

[0022] Fourth, it has synergistic functions of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration. The root-avoiding recesses on the wavy bottom edge can effectively bypass the main roots of plants, reducing damage to the original vegetation; the front-mounted anti-blocking grid intercepts debris while allowing water flow and fine silt to pass through, without affecting the passage of soil animals and the exchange of soil microorganisms; the guide plate avoids foundation scouring and protects the stability of the soil at the base of the vertical plate; through uniform runoff dispersion and water regulation, it creates stable soil moisture conditions for slope vegetation restoration; biodegradable or recyclable materials can be selected to further reduce the impact on the ecological environment of the mining area.

[0023] Fifth, modular design and convenient construction. The standardized interception units adopt a quick splicing method using interlocking tenons and grooves, combined with anchor piles for anchoring, resulting in fast construction speed and low requirements for the technical level of construction personnel. The number of interception units can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the actual length of the mining area slope, making it highly adaptable and convenient for factory prefabrication and on-site assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the interception unit in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the exploded view, with the floating cover in the open position.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of multiple interception units connected end to end in the present invention to form a transverse water barrier.

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A diagram showing the view from the other side.

[0028] In the diagram: 100-Interception unit; 110-Upright plate; 120-Drain hole; 130-Floating sealing plate; 140-Flexible waterproof strip; 150-Front anti-clogging grille; 151-Support column; 160-Interlocking tenon; 170-Interlocking groove; 180-Anchor pile; 190-Wave bottom edge; 191-Root avoidance notch; 192-Cutting protrusion; 200-Guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: Basic ecological slope protection netting for open-pit coal mine spoil heap slopes See Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides a basic ecological slope protection net for soil and water conservation in water-conserving mining areas. The ecological slope protection net consists of an interception unit 100. It is suitable for slope protection or local gully management in open-pit mine spoil heaps in water-conserving mining areas.

[0031] The core component of the interception unit 100 is the vertical plate 110. The vertical plate 110 is made of high-density polyethylene using an injection molding process, possessing high strength and toughness, capable of withstanding the dynamic water pressure and soil pressure of the water flow. The geometric dimensions of the vertical plate 110 are determined according to the designed water interception depth: its height is 30 cm, with approximately 10 cm buried in the soil and approximately 20 cm protruding above the surface; its length, i.e., its width along the contour line, is 100 cm; and its thickness is 1 cm, ensuring both structural rigidity and ease of transportation and installation.

[0032] Multiple drainage holes 120 are provided on the surface of the vertical plate 110. The drainage holes 120 are circular in shape. The drainage holes are arranged in a matrix: four rows with a row spacing of 10 cm and ten columns with a column spacing of 10 cm. The equal row and column spacing ensures the spatial uniformity of the outflow.

[0033] At the lower edge of each drain hole 120, a floating seal 130 and a flexible waterproof strip 140 are provided. The floating seal 130 is made of closed-cell cross-linked polyethylene foam board, with a density less than that of water, thus possessing greater buoyancy. The shape of the floating seal 130 matches the drain hole 120, and its size is slightly larger than the diameter of the drain hole 120, possessing a certain degree of flexibility to ensure a tight fit with the window edge. The flexible waterproof strip 140 is made of EPDM rubber sheet, ensuring that the floating seal 130 can be flipped outwards. One side of the flexible waterproof strip 140 is connected to the lower edge of the drain hole 120 by heat fusion welding, and the other side is connected to the lower edge of the floating seal 130 by adhesive bonding. To enhance sealing, a raised annular sealing lip can be provided around the drain hole 120, which cooperates with the annular groove on the inner surface of the floating seal 130 to form a labyrinth seal.

[0034] During installation, first dig a shallow trench along the contour line on the slope of the spoil heap in the water-conserving mining area. The depth should be similar to the embedded portion of the vertical plate 110, and the width slightly greater than the thickness of the vertical plate 110. Place the vertical plate 110 vertically into the trench, ensuring its bottom contacts the trench bottom. Then backfill with soil and compact it. Since this embodiment only has one interception unit 100, lateral splicing is not required. After installation, each floating sealing plate 130 should be manually moved outwards to check its rotation flexibility and confirm that the flexible waterproof strip 140 is free from tears or twists.

[0035] Simulation of the working process: Under conditions of no rain or very little rainfall, with no water accumulation or extremely low water levels upstream, all floating seals 130 naturally droop under gravity, and all drainage holes 120 are open, allowing water to flow smoothly and slowly replenish the slope soil moisture through seepage, which is beneficial to vegetation growth. When moderate to heavy rainfall occurs, the slope confluence causes the upstream water level to gradually rise. When the water level reaches the height of the lowest row of drainage holes 120, the floating seals 130 of that row of holes begin to be subjected to buoyancy and impact forces, gradually flipping upwards. When the water level exceeds the upper edge of that row of holes, the floating seals 130 completely fit the window, achieving a seal. At this time, the water level of the second row of holes (second row from the bottom) has not yet reached the trigger height of its floating seals 130, so it remains open. Since the water flow only exits from the second row of holes, and the second row of holes is evenly distributed horizontally, the exited water flow is uniform in the horizontal direction, without local concentration. When the rainfall stops and the water level drops, the floating seal 130 automatically droops and resets under the action of gravity, the window reopens, drains the residual water, and restores the uniform dispersion of the slope runoff.

[0036] Example 2: Improved ecological slope protection net with front-mounted anti-blocking grille In the slope environment of water-conserving mining areas, slope runoff often carries a large amount of debris such as coal dust, gravel, dead branches, and fallen leaves. If these debris directly contact the drainage hole 120 and the floating seal 130, it may cause two consequences: first, blockage of the drainage hole, reducing drainage capacity; second, getting stuck between the floating seal 130 and the edge of the hole, resulting in poor sealing or the floating seal failing to rotate properly. To solve this problem, this embodiment adds a front anti-blocking grid 150 based on embodiment 1.

[0037] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The front anti-clogging grille 150 is positioned on the upstream side of the vertical plate 110, parallel to the vertical plate 110 and maintaining a certain distance from it. The grille itself is made of engineering plastic or stainless steel wire, and the grille frame is rectangular, with dimensions roughly equivalent to the outer contour of the vertical plate 110. The interior of the grille has a mesh structure, with mesh sizes significantly smaller than the aperture of the drain hole 120. The grille is connected to the vertical plate 110 via support columns 151, one end of which is fixed to a corner of the vertical plate 110, and the other end is integrally formed with the grille frame.

[0038] The working principle of the front-mounted anti-clogging grille 150 is as follows: large floating objects in the water flow are intercepted by the grille on the water-facing side, allowing only water and fine particles to pass through the grille and reach the drainage hole 120. Because fine particles are less likely to cause blockages, and the sealing gap between the floating sealing plate 130 and the edge of the hole is extremely small, fine particles also have difficulty entering the sealing surface, thus greatly reducing the maintenance frequency. When floating objects accumulate to a certain extent on the outside of the grille, they can be manually cleaned periodically before and after the rainy season, or some of the attached material can be automatically washed away by a larger water flow, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the ecological slope protection net.

[0039] Example 3: A transverse barrier system formed by multiple interception units connected in series For long slopes in water-conserving mining areas, it is usually necessary to connect multiple interception units 100 end to end to form a continuous transverse interception barrier. This embodiment provides such a combined system.

[0040] See Figure 3 and Figure 4Multiple interception units 100 are arranged sequentially along the contour lines of the slope. Adjacent units are quickly joined together via tenons 160 and grooves 170. Specifically, a tenon 160 with a dovetail-shaped cross-section is provided on one side of the upright plate 110, extending vertically. A groove 170 with a complementary shape to the tenon 160 is provided on the other side of the upright plate 110, also extending vertically. During installation, the tenon 160 of one unit is slid into the groove 170 of the adjacent unit from above or at the end. Due to the self-locking property of the dovetail cross-section, the two units cannot be separated in the direction perpendicular to the plate surface; they can only be separated along the sliding direction. After installation on the slope, anchor piles 180 at both ends provide restraint, ensuring a highly reliable connection.

[0041] To prevent the entire barrier from overturning or sliding down the slope under the impact of water flow, anchor piles 180 are installed at both ends of each vertical plate 110. The anchor piles 180 are made of threaded steel bars, and their surfaces can be cold-pressed with raised textures to increase friction with the soil. Vertically penetrating anchor holes are pre-drilled on the frame of the vertical plate 110, with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the anchor pile 180. During installation, the vertical plate 110 is first inserted into the soil and positioned, and then horizontally spliced. The anchor piles 180 are then driven through the anchor holes into the slope soil until the top of the anchor pile 180 is flush with or slightly lower than the upper edge of the vertical plate 110. A limiting device can be installed at the top of the anchor pile 180 to prevent it from sinking during long-term vibration.

[0042] Example 4: Ecological slope protection net with eco-friendly bottom edge When constructing slope protection works on the slopes of water-conserving mining areas with existing vegetation, maximizing the protection of existing plant root systems is crucial for maintaining ecological stability and rapid vegetation restoration. Traditional vertical flat slabs, when inserted into the soil, sever all roots crossing their installation lines like blades, regardless of root thickness, causing irreversible damage. This embodiment features a specially designed bottom edge shape for the slab 110.

[0043] See Figure 4 In this embodiment, the bottom edge of the upright plate 110 is processed into a wavy curve. Specifically, the wavy bottom edge 190 is composed of a series of equally spaced root-avoiding recesses 191 and cutting protrusions 192 arranged alternately. The root-avoiding recesses 191 are upwardly concave arcs, and the cutting protrusions 192 are downwardly protruding tips.

[0044] When the vertical plate 110 is inserted vertically downwards into the slope, the cutting protrusions 192 first contact the soil. Due to their sharp tips, they can cut through the soil with minimal resistance and sever small-diameter fine roots. When the insertion depth reaches the root-avoidance recess 191, the soil corresponding to the recess is not actually cut but is "bypassed." If a large-diameter, robust root system (such as the taproot of a woody plant) happens to exist at this location, the root system can be accommodated within the root-avoidance recess 191 without being severed, and the vertical plate 110 bypasses it from both sides. In this way, the vertical plate 110 is buried to a sufficient depth to provide interception capability while maximizing the protection of the root system integrity of the original vegetation on the slope. After installation, the bypassed roots can continue to anchor the soil, and the organic matter secreted by the roots helps restore the structure of the disturbed soil.

[0045] Example 5: Ecological slope protection net with guide plate During continuous operation, the water discharged from the drain hole 120 impacts the slope downstream of the vertical plate 110 at a certain velocity. If this impact point remains fixed for a long period and the flow rate is large, it may cause local soil erosion, forming pits. As the pits expand, the bottom foundation of the vertical plate 110 is hollowed out, leading to the plate sinking, tilting, or even collapsing. This embodiment eliminates this potential hazard by adding a guide plate 200.

[0046] See Figure 4 The guide plate 200 is located at the bottom of the downstream side of the upright plate 110, connected to the bottom surface of the upright plate 110, and extends outward in a horizontal direction (i.e., perpendicular to the plate surface). The width of the guide plate 200 is approximately the same as the width of the upright plate 110. The guide plate 200 can be integrally injection molded with the upright plate 110, or it can be manufactured separately and then connected by bolts or clips. The upper surface of the guide plate 200 has a slight downward slope to facilitate smooth water flow.

[0047] The water flowing from the drainage hole 120 falls vertically or obliquely downward under gravity, first landing on the upper surface of the guide plate 200, rather than directly impacting the slope soil. The water spreads laterally (along contour lines) on the guide plate 200 while flowing slowly forward (downstream), eventually leaving the guide plate 200 as a thin water layer with a low velocity, landing on the downstream slope. Due to the thin water layer, low velocity, and wide dispersion, the impact energy on the slope is greatly reduced, effectively preventing localized scouring. Furthermore, the guide plate 200 also acts as a "threshold," increasing the path length for water to seep from the bottom of the plate and reducing the possibility of seepage around the bottom. Several transverse stiffening ribs can be installed on the lower surface of the guide plate 200 to increase its bending stiffness and prevent upward warping under earth pressure.

[0048] Example 6: Application of slope protection in subsidence areas of underground coal mines The ecological slope protection net of this invention can also be deployed on the slopes of surface subsidence basins caused by underground coal mining. Subsidence areas often have well-developed cracks, leading to severe runoff infiltration and causing not only soil erosion but also exacerbating groundwater loss. By deploying the ecological slope protection net along the contour lines of the subsidence area, the water flow at cracks can be significantly reduced through decentralized drainage, effectively alleviating the problem of water accumulation in mined-out areas caused by surface water infiltration, and directly contributing to water-conserving coal mining.

[0049] The installation method is similar to that in Example 3, but because the soil on the slope of the settlement area is relatively loose, the length of the anchor pile 180 should be appropriately increased to ensure the anchoring depth. At the same time, when backfilling the soil on both sides of the vertical slab, it should be properly compacted to reduce uneven settlement later. In areas with dense crack development, flexible connecting strips can be added between adjacent interception units to accommodate uneven deformation of the slope.

[0050] Example 7: Multi-level barrier system For long slopes in water-conserving mining areas, a single ecological slope protection net may not be sufficient to completely reduce runoff energy, as water overflowing or uniformly discharged from the first slope protection net may still re-collect on the downstream slope. This embodiment provides a multi-level barrier system layout scheme.

[0051] The specific layout principles are as follows: Multiple layers of the ecological slope protection netting of this invention are installed along the slope from top to bottom, with each layer referred to as a primary barrier. The vertical height difference between each level of barrier should be determined comprehensively based on the design rainfall intensity, the soil infiltration capacity of the slope, and the design interception depth of the components. A smaller value is used for steeper slopes, and a larger value is used for gentler slopes. The uppermost barrier should be located below the catchment area at the top of the slope to intercept runoff from outside the top. The exposed height of the vertical plate 110 of each level of barrier can gradually increase from top to bottom, because the catchment area is larger downstream, and the required storage capacity is also larger. Adjacent barriers can be staggered in plan view to prevent the drainage outlet of the upstream barrier from facing the weak point of the downstream barrier.

[0052] The installation sequence is from bottom to top: first install the last level of barrier at the toe of the slope, then install each level upwards. This is because if the upper level of barrier is installed first, the trampling of construction workers and the transportation of materials will disturb the installation position of the lower level barriers. After each level of barrier is installed, backfill soil on the back side and compact it in a timely manner to form a stable foundation.

[0053] Example 8: Biodegradable Ecological Slope Protection Net To meet the requirements of green mine construction and reduce the long-term environmental impact of plastic waste, the vertical panels and floating sealing sheets in this embodiment are made of polylactic acid-based biodegradable composite material. This material has sufficient mechanical properties to meet the strength requirements of the ecological slope protection net during its use. Its degradation cycle can be controlled by adjusting the molecular weight and additives to match the vegetation restoration cycle of the mine slope.

[0054] After vegetation restoration is completed on the mining slopes, the ecological slope protection netting can slowly biodegrade, producing no microplastic pollution and having no toxic impact on soil and groundwater. The flexible waterproof strip still uses EPDM rubber, which, due to its small usage and aging resistance, has a limited impact on the overall environment. The front-mounted anti-blocking grid can also be made of the same biodegradable material. This material selection allows the ecological slope protection netting to be naturally disposed of after fulfilling its functions of soil and water conservation and water retention in coal mining, without the need for manual recycling, aligning with the concepts of green mining and sustainable development.

[0055] Example 9: Variations with different drainage hole diameters and arrangements The diameter and arrangement of the drainage holes 120 can be adjusted according to different rainfall intensities and the soil type of the mining area slope. For sandy soil slopes with good permeability and a smaller design drainage flow, smaller hole diameters can be used. For clay slopes with poor permeability, larger hole diameters can be used to prevent excessive upstream water accumulation, and the row and column spacing can be appropriately increased. The size and thickness of the floating sealing plate 130 should be adjusted accordingly to maintain a match with the drainage holes.

[0056] Furthermore, for gentler slopes, the number of drainage holes can be reduced to lower manufacturing costs. For steeper slopes, the number of drainage holes can be increased to improve water interception depth and storage capacity. The height of the vertical plate 110 should also be adjusted according to the slope gradient to ensure that the exposed portion provides sufficient interception height.

[0057] Example 10: Application of soil and water conservation in reclaimed slopes of mining areas In land reclamation areas of water-conserving mining zones, newly laid soil-covered slopes have loose structures and poor erosion resistance, making them highly susceptible to soil erosion under rainfall conditions, leading to reclamation failure. The ecological slope protection net of this invention can be laid along the contour lines of the reclaimed slope. Through its water level-adaptive runoff dispersion function, it effectively controls soil erosion on the slope, providing a stable growing environment for sown grass seeds or planted seedlings.

[0058] In slope reclamation applications, it is recommended to use slope protection nets made of biodegradable materials, whose degradation cycle matches the vegetation restoration cycle. In the initial stage, the slope protection nets function to regulate runoff and conserve soil and water, providing protection for vegetation establishment. In the middle stage, as vegetation gradually covers the slope, the functional requirements of the slope protection nets gradually decrease. In the later stage, when the vegetation has formed a stable root network, the slope protection nets degrade and are absorbed, achieving a smooth transition between engineering and biological measures. This application model is particularly suitable for ecological reconstruction projects in water-conserving mining areas.

Claims

1. An ecological slope protection net for soil and water conservation in water-conserving mining areas, characterized in that, The system includes at least one interception unit; the interception unit includes: a vertical plate for laterally installing on the slope along the contour line of the mining area; multiple drainage holes arranged in equally spaced rows on the surface of the vertical plate; and multiple floating sealing plates, each floating sealing plate independently corresponding to one drainage hole, the lower edge of each floating sealing plate being rotatably connected to the lower edge of the drainage hole via a flexible waterproof strip; the floating sealing plate has: an open state: when the upstream water level is lower than the floating sealing plate, the floating sealing plate tilts outward under gravity, and the drainage hole opens; and a closed state: when the upstream water level rises and contacts and pushes the drainage hole... When the floating sealing plate is in operation, it rotates around its lower edge and flips upward at the connection point until it adheres to and seals the drainage hole. When the water level drops, the floating sealing plate automatically returns to the open state by gravity. The equidistant row and column arrangement of the drainage holes and the independent action of each floating sealing plate ensure that drainage holes at different installation heights are only synchronously open near the same actual water level line. This automatically compensates for construction and installation errors, achieves horizontal and uniform dispersion of water flow on the slope surface of the mining area, prevents concentrated runoff from seeping into mining-induced fissures, protects groundwater resources, ensures slope stability, and provides stable soil moisture conditions for slope vegetation growth.

2. The ecological slope protection net for water conservation and soil and water conservation in mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interception unit also includes a front anti-blocking grille, which is disposed on the water-facing side of the upright plate and spaced apart from the upright plate; the mesh size of the front anti-blocking grille is smaller than the aperture of the drain hole.

3. The ecological slope protection net for water conservation and soil and water conservation in mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes multiple interception units; the multiple interception units are connected end to end along the contour line of the mining area slope to form a transverse water barrier.

4. The ecological slope protection net for water conservation and soil and water conservation in mining areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two side frames of the upright plate are respectively provided with interlocking tenons and interlocking grooves; adjacent interception units are spliced ​​end to end by the cooperation of the interlocking tenons and the interlocking grooves.

5. The ecological slope protection net for water conservation and soil and water conservation in mining areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: At least one side of the upright plate is provided with an anchor pile that can be inserted into the slope; the anchor pile passes through the edge of the upright plate and forms an anti-overturning connection with the upright plate.

6. The ecological slope protection net for water conservation and soil and water conservation in mining areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom edge of the upright plate is wavy or crenellated, forming root-avoiding recesses and cutting protrusions that are alternately distributed along the bottom edge.

7. The ecological slope protection net for water conservation and soil and water conservation in mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom backwater side of the vertical plate is provided with a guide plate that extends laterally to guide the water flowing out of the drain hole to flow in a horizontal or downhill direction.

8. The ecological slope protection net for water conservation and soil and water conservation in mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible waterproof strip is integrally formed with the floating sealing plate and the lower edge of the drainage hole, or is sealed and connected by heat sealing, bonding, or mechanical pressing.

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