Downhole annulus fluid continuous monitoring system and oil and gas drilling equipment

Abstract

The application provides a downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system and oil and gas drilling equipment, comprising a downhole detection sub, a fluid sampling assembly, a sample detection assembly and a power supply assembly. The downhole detection sub comprises a tubular column and an inner support, the fluid sampling assembly comprises a liquid inlet guide pipe, a sample bin, a liquid outlet guide pipe and a fluid driving unit. The sample detection assembly comprises an infrared spectrum detection unit, a data transmission unit and a data processing unit. The annular fluid can enter the sample bin through the liquid inlet guide pipe under the driving of the fluid driving unit, and return to the annulus through the liquid outlet guide pipe. The infrared spectrum detection unit performs infrared spectrum detection on the annular fluid flowing through the sample bin, outputs an infrared absorption spectrum, and transmits the spectrum data to the data processing unit for analysis and processing through the data transmission unit, so as to obtain the component composition data of the annular fluid, and further realize active real-time monitoring of the annular fluid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas drilling and extraction technology, and in particular to a downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system and oil and gas drilling equipment. Background Technology

[0002] As oil and gas exploration and development continue to expand into deeper formations, the deep sea, and complex formations, the downhole operating environment is becoming increasingly complex, significantly increasing drilling safety risks. The need for real-time monitoring of the properties of downhole annular fluids during drilling is becoming increasingly urgent. The annular fluid is primarily composed of drilling fluid, but also includes formation fluids such as oil, gas, and water that may invade during drilling. Changes in the composition of the annular fluid directly reflect the downhole operating conditions, encompassing various typical scenarios such as formation fluid invasion, wellbore instability, and changes in drilling fluid properties. Timely and accurate acquisition of annular fluid composition information is of significant engineering importance for ensuring drilling operation safety, optimizing drilling fluid performance, and evaluating formation production capacity.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for obtaining downhole annular fluid samples have many limitations, making it difficult to meet the refined monitoring needs of deep and complex wells. Regarding sampling timing, traditional fluid sampling operations mostly rely on specialized procedures such as well workover or unblocking, making it impossible to flexibly implement sampling during routine drilling operations. Sampling timing is strictly limited by the work plan, making it difficult to achieve long-term continuous monitoring of the annular fluid state and to capture dynamic changes in downhole conditions in a timely manner. Regarding sampling coverage, existing downhole sampling tools are mostly single-point sampling structures, allowing only fluid samples to be obtained at a single depth during a single drilling operation. This cannot fully reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the annular fluid along the wellbore axis, nor can it track the temporal changes in fluid properties within the same well section as drilling progresses, thus limiting the reference value of the sampling data. Regarding sample fidelity, fluid samples collected downhole undergo drastic temperature and pressure reduction during their ascent to the surface with the drill string. This can lead to degassing, phase changes, or precipitation of heavy components, causing significant discrepancies between surface laboratory analysis results and the actual fluid properties under the high-temperature, high-pressure downhole environment. Consequently, the downhole operating conditions cannot be accurately represented. Regarding sampling reliability, some sampling devices employ passive fluid injection methods, relying on the natural flow or diffusion of annular fluid into the sampling chamber. When the annular fluid viscosity is high or the formation fluid intrusion is small, effective sampling becomes difficult, and the sampling success rate cannot be consistently guaranteed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention provides a downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system and oil and gas drilling equipment, aiming to address the shortcomings of existing downhole annular fluid sampling and monitoring technologies, such as limited sampling opportunities, insufficient spatial and temporal coverage, poor sample fidelity, low sampling reliability, and difficulty in achieving in-situ continuous component detection. These shortcomings prevent the system from meeting the engineering requirements for real-time annular fluid monitoring during drilling in deep, deep-sea, and complex formations.

[0005] This invention provides a downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system, comprising: The downhole inspection sub includes a tubing string and an inner support. The tubing string is used to connect to the drill pipe near the drill bit. The inner support is disposed inside the tubing string and has a fluid channel connecting the two ends of the tubing string. A fluid sampling assembly, fixed inside the tubing column by the internal support, includes an inlet conduit, an outlet conduit, a sample chamber, and a fluid drive unit. The inlet conduit and the outlet conduit are connected through the sample chamber. The ends of the inlet conduit and the outlet conduit away from the sample chamber are connected to the outside of the tubing column. The fluid drive unit is disposed inside the inlet conduit and is used to drive the annular fluid to flow sequentially through the inlet conduit, the sample chamber, and the outlet conduit. The sample detection component includes an infrared spectroscopy detection unit, a data transmission unit, and a data processing unit. The infrared spectroscopy detection unit is disposed on the outer wall of the sample chamber to obtain the infrared absorption spectrum of the fluid flowing through the sample chamber. The infrared spectroscopy detection unit is communicatively connected to the data processing unit through the data transmission unit. The data processing unit outputs the composition data of the fluid based on the infrared absorption spectrum. A power supply component, wherein the power output terminal of the power supply component is electrically connected to at least the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit.

[0006] According to the continuous monitoring system for downhole annular fluid provided by the present invention, the data processing unit has a built-in spectral analysis model. The spectral analysis model is used to compare the infrared absorption spectrum data detected by the infrared spectral detection unit with the formation fluid infrared spectral feature database to identify whether the annular fluid contains formation intrusion fluid, as well as the type and relative content of the intrusion fluid.

[0007] The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by the present invention further includes a controller, the controller including at least a fluid thrust control module and a sampling frequency control module, the fluid thrust control module being communicatively connected to the fluid drive unit, and the sampling frequency control module being communicatively connected to the infrared spectroscopy detection unit.

[0008] According to the downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by the present invention, the controller further includes a display module, which is communicatively connected to the fluid thrust control module, the sampling frequency control module and the data processing unit. The display module is used to input control data to the fluid thrust control module and the sampling frequency control module, and to receive and display the analysis data from the data processing unit.

[0009] According to the downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by the present invention, the controller further includes an alarm module, which is communicatively connected to the data processing unit. When the data processing unit analyzes that the components in the annular fluid contain formation fluid, it controls the alarm module to issue an alarm signal.

[0010] According to the downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by the present invention, the infrared spectral detection unit includes an infrared ray emitter and an infrared ray receiver, the infrared ray emitter and the infrared ray receiver are arranged opposite to each other, and the infrared ray receiver is communicatively connected to the data processing unit through the data transmission unit.

[0011] According to the downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by the present invention, the fluid drive unit is a micro ion pump, and the micro ion pump is provided with an emitting electrode and a receiving electrode inside, and the emitting electrode and the receiving electrode are arranged along the axial direction of the inlet conduit.

[0012] According to the downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by the present invention, the data transmission unit connects the infrared spectroscopy detection unit and the data processing unit through mud pulse transmission, electromagnetic wave transmission or cable transmission.

[0013] According to the downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by the present invention, the power supply component includes at least a battery disposed in the tubing string, and the battery is electrically connected to the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit; Alternatively, the power supply assembly may include at least a power supply cable passing through the wall of the tubular column, one end of which is electrically connected to the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit, and the other end of which is used to connect to an external power source.

[0014] The present invention also provides an oil and gas drilling equipment, including the downhole annulus fluid continuous monitoring system as described above.

[0015] The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions: The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by this invention includes a downhole detection sub, a fluid sampling assembly, a sample detection assembly, and a power supply assembly. The downhole detection sub includes a tubing string and an internal support. The tubing string is connected to the drill pipe near the drill bit to bring the monitoring position closer to the drilling and production area. The internal support is located inside the tubing string and has a fluid channel connecting both ends of the tubing string, ensuring that drilling fluid can be transported from the surface to the drill bit. The fluid sampling assembly is fixed inside the tubing string by the internal support. When the fluid drive unit is activated, the annular fluid enters the sample chamber through the inlet conduit and then returns to the annulus through the connected outlet conduit. The fluid drive unit actively drives the annular fluid into the sample chamber, solving the sampling difficulties of passive fluid infeeding when the fluid viscosity is high or the intrusion volume is small. This results in a high sampling success rate and is suitable for various downhole conditions. As the annular fluid flows through the sample chamber, an infrared spectroscopy detection unit located outside the sample chamber obtains the infrared absorption spectrum of the fluid. The detection data is then transmitted to the data processing unit via a data transmission unit to obtain the composition data of the annular fluid. In-situ compositional analysis of the fluid is performed using an infrared spectroscopy detection unit, eliminating the need to bring samples to the surface to obtain fluid composition information. This avoids sample distortion caused by temperature and pressure changes during drilling, resulting in more reliable monitoring results. The power output of the power supply component powers both the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit. This invention provides a continuous downhole annular fluid monitoring system that achieves in-situ, real-time, and continuous sampling and measurement of annular fluid composition. It moves the sampling and measurement point from the lagging surface to the source of fluid flow, fundamentally overcoming the time delay problem of traditional sampling methods. After spectral scanning, the fluid is directly returned to the annulus, enabling continuous fluid flow and real-time monitoring. The system eliminates the need for sample storage, simplifying the system structure and reducing the design complexity of downhole equipment. This device can be implemented during drilling without additional drilling or workover operations, maintaining normal drilling efficiency, and offering low sampling cost and high efficiency. Through multi-depth monitoring, the distribution characteristics of annular fluid composition along the vertical direction of the wellbore can be obtained, providing more comprehensive data support for formation evaluation and well control decisions. This invention enables real-time monitoring of annular fluids through continuous in-situ sampling and real-time spectral analysis, providing a reliable technical means for fluid monitoring and formation evaluation during the drilling process. It is particularly suitable for drilling operations in deep wells, ultra-deep wells, and complex formations.

[0016] Furthermore, the oil and gas drilling equipment provided by the present invention has the same advantages as described above because it is equipped with a downhole annulus fluid continuous monitoring system as described above. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a continuous downhole annular fluid monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fluid sampling component and a sample detection component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure label: 110: Tube column; 120: Internal support; 210: Liquid inlet conduit; 220: Liquid outlet conduit; 230: Sample chamber; 241: Emitting electrode; 242: Receiving electrode; 300: Data processing unit; 410: Infrared ray emitter; 420: Infrared ray receiver; 500: Battery; 600: Filter device. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0025] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0026] The present invention provides a continuous downhole annular fluid monitoring system and oil and gas drilling equipment, including a downhole detection sub, a fluid sampling assembly, a sample detection assembly, and a power supply assembly. The downhole detection sub includes a tubing string and an internal support. The tubing string is connected to the drill pipe near the drill bit to bring the monitoring position closer to the drilling and production area. The internal support is located inside the tubing string and has a fluid channel connecting both ends of the tubing string, ensuring that drilling fluid can be transported from the surface to the drill bit. The fluid sampling assembly is fixed inside the tubing string by the internal support. When the fluid drive unit is activated, annular fluid enters the sample chamber through the inlet conduit and then returns to the annulus through the connected outlet conduit. The fluid drive unit actively drives the annular fluid into the sample chamber, solving the sampling difficulties of passive fluid infeeding when the fluid viscosity is high or the intrusion volume is small. This results in a high sampling success rate and is suitable for various downhole conditions. As the annular fluid flows through the sample chamber, an infrared spectroscopy detection unit located outside the sample chamber obtains the infrared absorption spectrum of the fluid. This data is then transmitted to the data processing unit via a data transmission unit to obtain the composition data of the annular fluid. Using an infrared spectroscopy detection unit for in-situ fluid composition analysis eliminates the need to drill to the surface to obtain fluid composition information, avoiding sample distortion caused by temperature and pressure changes during drilling, resulting in more reliable monitoring results. The power output of the power supply component powers both the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit. The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by this invention achieves in-situ, real-time, and continuous sampling and measurement of annular fluid composition, moving the sampling and measurement point from the lagging surface to the source of fluid flow, fundamentally overcoming the time delay problem of traditional sampling methods. After spectral scanning, the fluid is directly returned to the annulus, achieving continuous fluid flow and real-time monitoring. This eliminates the need for sample storage, simplifies the system structure, and reduces the design complexity of downhole equipment. This device can be implemented during drilling without additional downhole or workover operations, maintaining normal drilling efficiency and offering low sampling costs and high efficiency. Through multi-depth monitoring, it can acquire the distribution characteristics of annular fluid composition along the vertical wellbore, providing more comprehensive data support for formation evaluation and well control decisions. This invention achieves real-time monitoring of annular fluids through continuous in-situ downhole sampling and real-time spectral analysis, providing a reliable technical means for fluid monitoring and formation evaluation during drilling, and is particularly suitable for deep wells, ultra-deep wells, and drilling operations in complex formations.

[0027] The following is combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention describes a downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system and an oil and gas drilling equipment.

[0028] An embodiment of the present invention provides a downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system, including a downhole detection sub, a fluid sampling assembly, a sample detection assembly, and a power supply assembly.

[0029] The downhole inspection sub includes a tubing string 110 and an inner support 120. The tubing string 110 can be a cylindrical structure with both ends open, and can be detachably connected to the drill pipe. After connection, the interior of the tubing string 110 is in communication with the interior of the drill pipe. Specifically, the tubing string 110 can be a standard drill collar. The inner support 120 can include a retaining ring and support arms. The outer diameter of the retaining ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the tubing string 110. Multiple support arms are arranged radially on the outside of the retaining ring, with one end connected to the outer wall of the retaining ring and the other end connected to the inner wall of the tubing string 110. After connection, the area enclosed by the outer wall of the retaining ring, the inner wall of the tubing string 110, and two adjacent support arms forms a fluid channel to allow drilling fluid to pass through.

[0030] The fluid sampling assembly includes an inlet conduit 210, an outlet conduit 220, a sample chamber 230, and a fluid drive unit. The sample chamber 230 can be a closed cylindrical structure, fixed inside a fixing ring. A first inlet and a first outlet are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the sample chamber 230, connecting the inner and outer sides of the sample chamber 230. A second inlet and a second outlet are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the tubing 110, connecting the inner and outer sides of the tubing 110.

[0031] The inlet conduit 210 is connected between the first inlet and the second inlet, and is used to introduce drilling fluid from the annulus outside the tubing string 110 into the sample chamber 230. The outlet conduit 220 is connected between the first outlet and the second outlet, and is used to discharge drilling fluid from the sample chamber 230 into the annulus outside the tubing string 110.

[0032] The fluid drive unit can be installed inside the inlet conduit 210 to provide driving force for the flow of annular fluid. The flow path of the annular fluid is annulus - inlet conduit 210 - sample chamber 230 - outlet conduit 220 - annulus.

[0033] The sample detection assembly includes an infrared spectroscopy detection unit, a data transmission unit, and a data processing unit 300. The infrared spectroscopy detection unit is located on the outer wall of the sample chamber 230 and is used to detect the infrared absorption spectrum of the annular fluid flowing through the sample chamber 230. The infrared spectroscopy detection unit is connected to the data processing unit 300 through the data transmission unit. The data processing unit 300 receives the infrared absorption spectrum data transmitted by the data transmission unit and generates composition data of the annular fluid based on the infrared absorption spectrum data.

[0034] The power output terminal of the power supply component is electrically connected to at least the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit.

[0035] The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by this invention solves the problem of sampling difficulties in passive fluid injection methods when the fluid viscosity is high or the intrusion volume is small by actively driving the annular fluid into the sample chamber 230 through a fluid drive unit. It has a high sampling success rate and is suitable for various downhole working conditions.

[0036] In-situ composition analysis of the annular fluid entering the sample chamber 230 is performed using an infrared spectroscopy detection unit. Fluid composition information can be obtained without drilling the sample to the ground, avoiding sample distortion caused by temperature and pressure changes during drilling, and making the monitoring results more reliable.

[0037] After completing the spectral scan, the annular fluid is directly returned to the annulus, enabling continuous fluid flow and real-time monitoring. This eliminates the need for sample storage, simplifies the system structure, and reduces the design complexity of downhole equipment.

[0038] This downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system can be implemented during drilling without additional downhole or workover operations, thus not affecting normal drilling efficiency. It offers low sampling costs and high efficiency. Furthermore, it can acquire the annular fluid composition distribution characteristics along the vertical wellbore, providing more comprehensive data support for formation evaluation and well control decisions.

[0039] The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by this invention achieves real-time monitoring of annular fluid through continuous in-situ sampling and real-time spectral analysis, providing a reliable technical means for fluid monitoring and formation evaluation during the drilling process, and is particularly suitable for drilling operations in deep wells, ultra-deep wells and complex formations.

[0040] In some embodiments, the data processing unit 300 analyzes and processes the received spectral data to invert the composition and variation trend of the annular fluid in real time. The data processing unit 300 has a built-in spectral analysis model. By comparing and matching the infrared absorption spectral data detected by the infrared spectral detection unit with a database that includes the infrared spectral characteristics of various common formation fluids (crude oil, natural gas, formation water), it can identify whether the annular fluid contains formation intrusion fluids, their types, and relative abundances.

[0041] In some embodiments, the downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system further includes a controller, which includes at least a fluid thrust control module and a sampling frequency control module.

[0042] The fluid thrust control module is used to communicate with the fluid drive unit and adjust the operating power of the fluid drive unit, thereby adjusting the thrust applied by the fluid drive unit to the annular fluid. The magnitude of the thrust can be adjusted according to the viscosity of the annular fluid and the sampling requirements to meet the sampling requirements under different working conditions.

[0043] The sampling frequency control module is used to communicate with the infrared spectral detection unit and adjust the detection frequency of the infrared spectral detection unit. The infrared spectral detection unit continuously collects spectral data according to the set frequency. The set frequency can be an adjustable value between once per second and once per minute, which can be flexibly configured according to monitoring needs.

[0044] In some embodiments, the controller further includes a display module, which is communicatively connected to the fluid thrust control module, the sampling frequency control module, and the data processing unit 300.

[0045] Specifically, users can input information such as the operating power, voltage, required thrust or rotation speed of the fluid drive unit to the fluid drive unit through the display module, or they can input the sampling frequency through the display module to set the infrared spectroscopy detection unit to adjust the sampling frequency.

[0046] The display module is also communicatively connected to the data processing unit 300 to display the data analyzed and processed by the data processing unit 300. The data may include information such as spectral diagrams, annular fluid type, and relative content.

[0047] In some embodiments, the controller further includes an alarm module, which is communicatively connected to the data processing unit 300. When the data processing unit 300 analyzes that the components in the annular fluid contain formation fluid, the alarm module is controlled to issue an alarm signal.

[0048] For example, when a distinct hydrocarbon characteristic absorption peak is detected, the data processing unit 300 displays alarm information through the display module. It can also control the alarm module to emit an alarm sound or alarm light, prompting on-site personnel to take timely countermeasures, such as adjusting the drilling fluid density or implementing well shut-in operations.

[0049] In some embodiments, the infrared spectroscopy detection unit is a miniature infrared spectrometer, including an infrared ray emitter 410 and an infrared ray receiver 420. The infrared ray emitter 410 and the infrared ray receiver 420 are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the sample chamber 230, for example, arranged radially opposite each other along the sample chamber 230. When the annular fluid flows through the sample chamber 230 under the drive of the fluid drive unit, the miniature infrared spectrometer performs in-situ component analysis on the annular fluid. After scanning, the annular fluid is directly returned to the annulus through the outlet conduit 220, realizing continuous fluid flow and real-time monitoring.

[0050] The infrared ray emitter 410 and the infrared ray receiver 420 are arranged close to the sample chamber 230 to reduce optical path loss, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral signal, and realize high-precision real-time component analysis of the fluid flowing through it.

[0051] The miniature infrared spectrometer continuously acquires spectral data at a set frequency, and the spectral data is uploaded to the data processing unit 300 in real time via a data transmission unit. The data processing unit 300 receives the infrared spectral data transmitted through the data transmission unit, analyzes and processes the spectral data, and inverts the composition and variation trend of the annular fluid in real time.

[0052] In some embodiments, the fluid drive unit can be a micro ion pump, which is provided with an emitting electrode 241 and a receiving electrode 242, and the emitting electrode 241 and the receiving electrode 242 are arranged along the axial direction of the liquid inlet conduit 210.

[0053] Specifically, the micro ion pump has an emitting electrode 241 and a receiving electrode 242, which are distributed along the axial direction of the liquid inlet conduit 210. When a high-voltage electric field is applied to the two electrodes, the medium molecules in the gap between the two electrodes are ionized, generating positive and negative ions. These ions are accelerated under the action of the electric field force, and the high-speed moving ions collide with neutral fluid molecules, transferring energy to the fluid molecules through momentum exchange, thereby driving the fluid to flow directionally along the direction of the electric field.

[0054] A high-voltage electric field is formed between the emitter electrode 241 and the receiver electrode 242 of the micro ion pump. When the annular fluid enters the inlet conduit 210, the medium molecules in the fluid are ionized under the action of the electric field. The generated ions move at high speed under the action of the electric field force and transfer momentum to the fluid through collisions with neutral molecules, thereby driving the fluid to flow forward continuously.

[0055] Compared with traditional mechanical pumps or volumetric pumps, micro ion pumps have no moving parts, are compact in structure, have low power consumption, and their thrust can be steplessly controlled by adjusting the electric field strength, making them particularly suitable for fluid drive in confined downhole spaces.

[0056] The thrust of the micro ion pump can be adjusted according to the viscosity of the annular fluid and sampling requirements to adapt to sampling needs under different operating conditions. Specifically, this is achieved by adjusting the voltage amplitude applied between the emitting electrode 241 and the receiving electrode 242 to change the electric field strength, thereby controlling the degree of ion acceleration and achieving precise adjustment of the fluid driving force. When the annular fluid viscosity is high, the voltage can be increased to increase the thrust; when the fluid viscosity is low, the voltage can be decreased to save energy.

[0057] In some embodiments, the data transmission unit can transmit data wirelessly via mud pulse transmission or electromagnetic wave transmission, or via wired data transmission via cable transmission.

[0058] In some embodiments, the power supply component may include a battery 500 disposed in the column 110, which is connected to the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit, and may also be connected to the data transmission unit to supply power to the fluid drive unit, the infrared spectroscopy detection unit and the data transmission unit.

[0059] Alternatively, the power supply assembly may include a power cable passing through the wall of the column 110, with one end of the power cable connected to the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit, and of course, it may also be connected to the data transmission unit, and the other end of the power cable extending to the ground and connected to an external power source on the ground.

[0060] Since the data processing unit 300 and the controller are located on the ground, they can be powered by an external power source on the ground.

[0061] In some embodiments, a filter device 600 is also provided inside the liquid inlet conduit 210. The filter device 600 may adopt a double-layer filter structure, including an outer filter screen and an inner filter screen. The outer filter screen has strip-shaped through holes, and the inner filter screen has micropores. The strip-shaped through holes and micropores are aligned to achieve graded interception of solid particles while ensuring smooth fluid flow. The outer filter screen is used to intercept larger-diameter solid particles, and the inner filter screen is used to intercept smaller-diameter particles, thereby effectively protecting the safe and reliable operation of the downstream miniature infrared spectrometer and miniature ion pump.

[0062] The working process of the downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system provided by this invention is as follows: During drilling, the downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system is used to sample the annular fluid in real time by following the drill bit with the drill pipe. Specifically, when the drill bit reaches the target formation, the controller on the surface sends a start command, or the downhole preset program starts automatically.

[0063] The micro ion pump is activated, driving the annular fluid through the filter device 600 at the inlet conduit 210 into the sample chamber 230. Under the influence of an electric field, the micro ion pump generates a directional ion flow, driving the fluid to flow continuously through momentum exchange. The double-layer filter of the filter device 600 grades and intercepts solid particles in the annular fluid, ensuring the cleanliness of the fluid entering the sample chamber 230.

[0064] As the annular fluid flows through the sample chamber 230, a miniature infrared spectrometer continuously acquires the infrared spectral data of the fluid at a set frequency. An infrared emitter 410 emits infrared rays into the fluid flowing through the sample chamber 230, and an infrared receiver 420 receives the intensity of the rays after they penetrate the fluid, thus obtaining the infrared absorption spectrum of the fluid. Fluids with different chemical compositions exhibit different absorption characteristics for infrared light of specific wavelengths. By analyzing the position and intensity of the characteristic peaks in the absorption spectrum, the composition of the fluid can be identified.

[0065] After scanning, the fluid returns directly to the annulus via the outlet conduit 220, ensuring continuous fluid flow. Because the fluid returns directly to the annulus after spectral analysis, there is no need to store samples, enabling long-term continuous monitoring without the need to trip the drill string and change equipment.

[0066] Infrared spectral data is uploaded in real time to the surface data processing unit 300 via a data transmission unit. The data transmission unit can use methods such as mud pulse transmission, electromagnetic wave transmission, or cable transmission to send the spectral data collected downhole to the surface in real time.

[0067] The ground-based data processing unit 300 analyzes and processes the received spectral data, retrieving the composition and variation trends of the annular fluid in real time. The data processing unit 300 has a built-in spectral analysis model, including a database of infrared spectral characteristics for various common formation fluids (crude oil, natural gas, formation water). By comparing and matching the measured spectra with the database, it can identify whether the annular fluid contains intrusive formation fluids, their types, and relative abundance.

[0068] When an annular fluid composition anomaly is detected, such as the detection of obvious hydrocarbon characteristic absorption peaks, the data processing unit 300 displays an alarm screen and emits an alarm sound through the display module, prompting on-site personnel to take timely countermeasures, such as adjusting drilling fluid density or implementing well shut-in operations.

[0069] Embodiments of the present invention also provide an oil and gas drilling equipment, including the downhole annulus fluid continuous monitoring system as described above, and thus have the same advantages as described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system, characterized in that, include: The downhole inspection sub includes a tubing string (110) and an inner support (120). The tubing string (110) is used to connect to the drill pipe near the drill bit. The inner support (120) is disposed inside the tubing string (110) and has a fluid channel connecting the two ends of the tubing string (110). The fluid sampling assembly, fixed inside the column (110) by the inner support (120), includes an inlet conduit (210), an outlet conduit (220), a sample chamber (230), and a fluid driving unit. The inlet conduit (210) and the outlet conduit (220) are connected through the sample chamber (230). The ends of the inlet conduit (210) and the outlet conduit (220) away from the sample chamber (230) are both connected to the outside of the column (110). The fluid driving unit is disposed inside the inlet conduit (210) and is used to drive the annular fluid to flow sequentially through the inlet conduit (210), the sample chamber (230), and the outlet conduit (220). The sample detection component includes an infrared spectroscopy detection unit, a data transmission unit, and a data processing unit (300). The infrared spectroscopy detection unit is disposed on the outer wall of the sample chamber (230) to obtain the infrared absorption spectrum of the fluid flowing through the sample chamber (230). The infrared spectroscopy detection unit is communicatively connected to the data processing unit (300) through the data transmission unit. The data processing unit (300) outputs the composition data of the fluid based on the infrared absorption spectrum. A power supply component, wherein the power output terminal of the power supply component is electrically connected to at least the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit.

2. The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing unit (300) has a built-in spectral analysis model, which is used to compare the infrared absorption spectrum data detected by the infrared spectral detection unit with the formation fluid infrared spectral feature database to identify whether the annular fluid contains formation intrusion fluid, as well as the type and relative content of the intrusion fluid.

3. The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a controller, which includes at least a fluid thrust control module and a sampling frequency control module. The fluid thrust control module is communicatively connected to the fluid drive unit, and the sampling frequency control module is communicatively connected to the infrared spectroscopy detection unit.

4. The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The controller further includes a display module, which is communicatively connected to the fluid thrust control module, the sampling frequency control module and the data processing unit (300). The display module is used to input control data to the fluid thrust control module and the sampling frequency control module, and to receive and display the analysis data of the data processing unit (300).

5. The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The controller also includes an alarm module, which is communicatively connected to the data processing unit (300). When the data processing unit (300) analyzes that the components in the annular fluid contain formation fluid, it controls the alarm module to issue an alarm signal.

6. The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The infrared spectral detection unit includes an infrared ray emitter (410) and an infrared ray receiver (420), which are arranged opposite to each other. The infrared ray receiver (420) is communicatively connected to the data processing unit (300) through the data transmission unit.

7. The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The fluid drive unit is a micro ion pump, and the micro ion pump is provided with an emitting electrode (241) and a receiving electrode (242) inside, and the emitting electrode (241) and the receiving electrode (242) are arranged along the axial direction of the liquid inlet conduit (210).

8. The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The data transmission unit connects the infrared spectroscopy detection unit and the data processing unit (300) via mud pulse transmission, electromagnetic wave transmission, or cable transmission.

9. The downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The power supply assembly includes at least a battery (500) disposed within the column (110), and the battery (500) is electrically connected to the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit; Alternatively, the power supply assembly may include at least a power supply cable passing through the wall of the column (110), one end of which is electrically connected to the fluid drive unit and the infrared spectroscopy detection unit, and the other end of which is used to connect to an external power source.

10. An oil and gas drilling equipment, characterized in that, Including the downhole annular fluid continuous monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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