Detachable quick hoisting type coal mining machine retreat opening device

Abstract

This invention discloses a detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device, belonging to the technical field of auxiliary equipment for coal mine fully mechanized mining faces. The device features a quick-installation base in the body area of ​​the main beam in the middle of the coal mining machine, equipped with a detachable milling and side-opening assembly. The side-opening assembly is installed on the quick-installation base via a positioning structure and fasteners, and is connected to the coal mining machine's hydraulic system through a quick-change hydraulic interface. The side-opening assembly includes a working arm, a drive unit, and a milling execution head. The working arm has rotation, pitch, and extension adjustment capabilities to adapt to side-opening or retraction operations. When not performing side-opening operations, the side-opening assembly can be detached from the coal mining machine body, and a protective cover can be installed at the installation base to minimize the impact on normal coal mining operations. This device can utilize the existing traction and hydraulic systems of the coal mining machine to complete side-opening operations, improving the level of mechanization and reducing the need for personnel to enter hazardous areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of auxiliary equipment for mining in fully mechanized coal mining faces, and specifically relates to a detachable side-opening device on a coal mining machine that is suitable for side-opening operations before equipment installation and for side-opening operations after mining. Background Technology

[0002] In the full life-cycle production process of fully mechanized coal mining faces in my country, before the installation of equipment, it is necessary to excavate a dedicated space to meet the requirements of equipment transportation, hoisting, and installation. After the longwall mining operation is completed, it is necessary to excavate a retreat channel to meet the requirements of hydraulic support withdrawal and transfer. These two excavation processes are collectively referred to as face opening operations. The efficiency, safety, and cost of face opening operations directly determine the installation and withdrawal cycle of fully mechanized coal mining faces and are one of the core links in coal mine production management.

[0003] Currently, the following four traditional processes are commonly used in underground coal mine side-opening operations in China, all of which have inherent defects that cannot be overcome: 1. Repeated coal cutting and side-opening process using a coal mining machine: Side-opening is achieved by repeatedly obliquely cutting and layering coal with the cutting drum of the coal mining machine. The process is cumbersome, requiring the simultaneous and repeated pushing of the scraper conveyor and adjustment of the hydraulic support posture. The side-opening period for a single working face is long, equipment wear and tear is high, and it is impossible to achieve a regular channel cross-section, requiring manual secondary side-opening; 2. Manual pneumatic pick side-opening process: Personnel enter the unsupported roof area and use pneumatic picks and hand picks to manually open the side-opening. The labor intensity is extremely high, the work efficiency is extremely low, and personnel are directly exposed to the high-risk environment of coal wall spalling and roof rock falling, resulting in frequent safety accidents. This is a key area of ​​focus for the State Administration of Mine Safety Supervision. 3. Separate side-opening process for tunneling machines: The entire tunneling machine needs to be transported to the fully mechanized mining face. The transportation and installation of the equipment is difficult, occupies a lot of roadway transportation resources, the equipment utilization rate is extremely low, and the overall cost is high. Especially for steeply inclined working faces, ordinary tunneling machines have a large self-weight and limited climbing and anti-slip capabilities. They cannot walk and operate stably in steeply inclined fully mechanized mining faces of medium and thick coal seams, and are basically unsuitable. 4. Blasting side-opening process: It is only suitable for scenarios where conventional machinery cannot operate, such as steeply inclined and steeply inclined working faces. It requires strict adherence to blasting operation procedures, which makes safety management extremely difficult. Blasting can easily disturb the integrity of the roof and coal wall, exacerbating the risk of roof collapse and side-fall, while generating a large amount of coal dust, resulting in high occupational health and safety risks.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technical solutions involve onboard auxiliary devices, side protection devices, or side-opening devices for coal mining machines. However, these solutions still suffer from limitations such as limited applicability to various working conditions, significant interference with normal coal mining operations, inconvenient disassembly and maintenance, or difficulty in meeting the requirements of working faces with different dip angles. Particularly in steeply inclined and large-scale fully mechanized mining faces, independent side-opening equipment may be limited in terms of travel stability, anti-slip properties, and positioning. Meanwhile, fixed onboard structures may present coordination difficulties with normal coal mining conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose an onboard side-opening solution that balances ease of disassembly and assembly, adaptability to various working conditions, and compatibility with coal mining operations. This would allow for the development of an onboard side-opening device for coal mining machines that is easy to disassemble and assemble, has minimal interference in non-operational states, can reuse existing coal mining machine systems, and is adaptable to multiple working face conditions, thereby improving the mechanization level of installation and withdrawal processes in fully mechanized mining faces. Summary of the Invention

[0005] I. Technical problems to be solved

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device to improve the shortcomings of existing side-opening technology in terms of installation convenience, operational safety, working condition adaptability, and compatibility with normal coal mining operations.

[0007] II. Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device includes a coal mining machine body and a milling and side-opening assembly; a quick-installation base is set in the body area of ​​the main beam structure in the middle of the coal mining machine body, and the quick-installation base is provided with a positioning connection structure, a fixing hole group and a hydraulic quick-connect interface connected to the hydraulic system of the coal mining machine.

[0010] The outer surface of the quick-installation base is basically flush with the outer wall of the coal mining machine. In the non-opening operation state, a protective cover can be installed at the quick-installation base to protect the positioning mating surface and hydraulic interface, and reduce the impact on the normal operation of the coal mining machine.

[0011] The milling and side-opening assembly is a detachable integral module, including a mounting base, a working arm, a drive device, and a milling execution head; the mounting base cooperates with the positioning connection structure of the quick-installation base and is fixedly connected by high-strength bolts or a locking mechanism.

[0012] The hydraulic quick-connect interface adopts a quick-change hydraulic connector with a shut-off function. The connector is connected to the hydraulic system of the coal mining machine to provide power to the milling and excavation assembly.

[0013] The working arm adopts a multi-degree-of-freedom combined arm structure, which has the functions of rotation, pitch and telescopic adjustment; wherein, the pitch range is adapted to the rated mining height of the coal mining machine, the telescopic stroke can be adjusted according to the channel width requirements, and the rotation mechanism is used to adjust the posture of the opening face; at least a part of the rotation, pitch and telescopic drive parts can be equipped with a hydraulic locking structure to improve the stability of the working posture.

[0014] The milling execution head adopts a milling wheel structure with replaceable wear-resistant cutting teeth, which is driven to rotate by a hydraulic motor or an explosion-proof motor to mill the coal wall to form a cross-section.

[0015] This device can switch between normal coal mining mode, pre-installation side expansion mode, and pre-retreat side opening mode according to the needs of underground operations; after the side expansion or opening operation is completed, the milling and opening assembly can be disassembled from the main body of the coal mining machine.

[0016] In fully mechanized mining faces with different dip angles, this device is fixedly connected to the main body of the coal mining machine and utilizes the existing traction and hydraulic systems of the coal mining machine to carry out operations, thereby improving the device's adaptability to different working conditions.

[0017] This device can be installed with the quick-installation base during the design or modification of a coal mining machine, so as to add the function of widening or retracting the opening of the coal mining machine.

[0018] III. Beneficial Effects

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: Through a quick-installation base and a detachable modular design, the device has minimal impact on the normal coal mining operation of the coal mining machine when not in open-face operations, and is easy to disassemble and maintain; by installing the open-face assembly on the main body of the coal mining machine and reusing the existing system of the coal mining machine, the device's adaptability to different working face inclination angles and underground working conditions can be improved; this device helps simplify the process of opening or widening the face, improves the degree of mechanization, and shortens the preparation and disassembly time; this device supports remote control, which can reduce the need for personnel to enter hazardous work areas, thereby improving operational safety conditions; this device can reuse some existing systems of the coal mining machine, reducing the configuration of independent power and walking mechanisms, which helps to reduce equipment complexity and operating costs; this device can be adapted to different mining heights, inclination angles, and working face conditions to meet the needs of installing and withdrawing open-face operations. The control system of this device can be interfaced with the coal mining machine's electrical control system, providing a foundation for subsequent automation control upgrades. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall installation structure of the device of the present invention on a coal mining machine;

[0021] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the independent structure of the milling and side-opening assembly of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working face arrangement of the device of the present invention in the retraction and opening operation state;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the device of the present invention in normal coal mining mode.

[0024] Explanation of markings in the diagram: 1 - Main body of the coal mining machine; 2 - Flat quick-installation base; 3 - Milling and digging assembly; 4 - Multi-degree-of-freedom swing telescopic boom; 5 - Milling and digging actuator head; 6 - Hydraulic quick-connect interface; 7 - Left and right cutting drums. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device disclosed in this invention includes a coal mining machine body 1, left and right cutting drums 7, a prefabricated integrated flush quick-installation base 2, and an independent modular milling and side-opening assembly 3. The coal mining machine body 1 is a conventional double-drum coal mining machine, and its overall structure, traction and walking system, hydraulic system, electrical control system, anti-slip anchoring system, and working principle are all existing mature and well-known technologies. This invention does not change any original structure, core functions, or safety protection mechanisms of the coal mining machine.

[0027] The flush-mount quick-installation base 2 is prefabricated and integrated in the middle of the main body 1 of the coal mining machine, located in the load-bearing structure of the main beam between the left and right cutting drums 7. This area is unused space in the coal mining machine body. The prefabrication and integration of the base does not affect the normal operation of the cutting drum, rocker arm, traction mechanism, and traveling mechanism. The base 2 and the main beam of the coal mining machine are integrally cast or formed by high-strength welding. The connection strength meets the stress requirements of heavy load, impact, and vibration conditions underground, without changing the original load-bearing structure and load-bearing capacity of the main beam of the coal mining machine. The stress verification and prefabrication integration can be completed simultaneously during the design and production stage of the coal mining machine and incorporated into the original manufacturer's overall quality assurance system.

[0028] The base 2 is machined with a high-precision positioning flange assembly, a high-strength internal thread fixing hole assembly, and a hydraulic quick-connect interface 6. The hydraulic quick-connect interface 6 is pre-connected to the backup valve group of the main hydraulic system of the coal mining machine through a prefabricated hydraulic pipeline, without requiring drilling or rerouting of the original hydraulic pipeline of the coal mining machine, and without changing the control logic and safety protection mechanism of the original hydraulic system. The hydraulic quick-connect interface 6 is a quick-change hydraulic connector with a built-in shut-off valve. When not connected, the shut-off valve automatically closes, eliminating the risk of hydraulic oil leakage. The surface of the base 2 is flush with the outer wall of the coal mining machine. The detachable dustproof protective cover installed in the non-opening operation state has a maximum protrusion of no more than 20mm relative to the outer wall of the machine body, with no sharp edges or protruding interference structures.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the milling and opening assembly 3 is an independent integrated module, consisting of a quick-installation base, a multi-degree-of-freedom swing telescopic boom 4, a hydraulic drive motor, and a milling execution head 5. The entire assembly adopts a lightweight, high-strength alloy steel structure design, and its overall weight and dimensions are adapted to the overall lifting and transfer requirements of conventional auxiliary transportation equipment such as underground monorail cranes and flatbed trucks. The mating dimensions and positioning structure of the quick-installation base are perfectly matched with the positioning flange assembly of the flush quick-installation base 2, achieving an alignment accuracy of ±0.5mm, eliminating the need for repeated manual alignment during installation. After alignment, 12 sets of 8.8-grade high-strength bolts are used for circumferential uniform locking, ensuring connection rigidity that meets the requirements of underground vibration and impact conditions, with no risk of loosening or displacement. In implementation scenarios with higher requirements for rapid assembly and disassembly, a wedge-shaped locking mechanism can be used instead of high-strength bolts to achieve tool-free rapid locking and unlocking.

[0030] The multi-degree-of-freedom swing telescopic boom 4 is a two-stage telescopic combination boom, consisting of a base boom, a first-stage telescopic boom, and a second-stage telescopic boom. It is equipped with independent rotary swing cylinders, pitch swing cylinders, and telescopic cylinders, enabling independent control of three degrees of freedom: left-right rotary swing, up-down pitch swing, and horizontal telescopic extension. In this preferred embodiment, the maximum horizontal telescopic stroke of the boom is 4m, which can be steplessly adjusted within the range of 1~4m according to the design width requirements of different mine retreat channels; the left-right rotary swing angle is ±30°, enabling precise leveling of the excavated cross-section; the up-down pitch swing range is -15°~+45°, perfectly matching the rated mining height of the coal mining machine from 2.0 to 4.5m, allowing for full-section, blind-angle excavation operations. The rotary swing cylinder, pitch swing cylinder, and telescopic cylinder are all equipped with two-way hydraulic locks, which can achieve stable locking of any working posture within the full range of the rated working inclination angle of the attached coal mining machine, without the problems of motion drift or boom falling, and are fully adapted to the operating requirements of various inclined fully mechanized mining faces.

[0031] The milling actuator head 5 adopts a φ400mm wear-resistant milling wheel structure. The cutting teeth and tooth holders feature a replaceable, standardized design, offering strong wear resistance and high crushing efficiency. Directly driven by a high-speed, high-torque hydraulic motor with a rated torque of 1200 N·m, it rotates and mills the coal wall, achieving a cross-sectional regularity of ±50mm. This effectively reduces the risk of coal wall spalling in subsequent operations, eliminating the need for manual secondary brushing. In scenarios where the hydraulic system's backup flow is insufficient, the milling actuator head 5 can also be directly driven by a 15kW explosion-proof three-phase asynchronous motor for mining, adapting to the power system configuration requirements of different mines.

[0032] The working process of this invention is divided into three freely switchable working modes, and the specific implementation methods are as follows:

[0033] Normal coal mining mode: The milling and excavation assembly 3 is completely disassembled and lifted off the ground. The dust cover is installed on the flush quick-installation base 2. The main body 1 of the coal mining machine retains the left and right cutting drums 7. Coal cutting, loading, and traction operations are performed according to the conventional fully mechanized coal mining process. Figure 4 As shown, there is no structural interference, and it does not affect the original design performance and normal operation of the coal mining machine at all.

[0034] Pre-installation side-expansion mode: Before the installation of equipment in the fully mechanized mining face, the milling and side-expansion assembly 3 is hoisted to the middle of the coal mining machine using underground monorail hoisting equipment. The dust cover of the flush quick-installation base 2 is removed, and the quick-installation base of the assembly is precisely aligned with the base 2. High-strength bolts are used to rigidly fix it, and the hydraulic quick-connect interface 6 is plugged in to complete the installation of the device. The entire process takes ≤2.5 hours. The operator remotely controls the multi-degree-of-freedom swing telescopic boom 4 to the side-expansion operation posture through the on-board control terminal or wireless remote control of the coal mining machine. The milling execution head 5 is started, and the coal mining machine moves at a constant speed along the scraper conveyor. With the extension and swing feed of the boom, the full-section side-expansion operation of the installation channel of the entire working face can be completed, providing compliant space for subsequent equipment transportation and installation. After the operation is completed, the hydraulic quick-connect interface 6 is disconnected, the high-strength bolts are removed, the milling and side-expansion assembly 3 is hoisted away and transported as a whole, the dust cover is reinstalled, and the coal mining machine resumes normal coal mining mode.

[0035] Pre-retreat side-opening mode: After the longwall mining is completed, the milling and side-opening assembly 3 is hoisted to the middle of the coal mining machine via an underground monorail crane. It is then aligned, fixed, and connected to the flush-mounted quick-installation base 2 via the hydraulic quick-connect interface 6, completing the installation. The operator controls the multi-degree-of-freedom swing-telescopic boom 4 to extend to the side-opening position, starts the milling execution head 5, and the coal mining machine moves at a uniform speed along the scraper conveyor. Combined with the extension, retraction, and swing feed of the boom, the entire cross-section of the retreat channel of the entire working face can be formed in one go. Figure 3As shown, there is no need to repeatedly move the scraper conveyor or adjust the posture of the hydraulic support; after the operation is completed, disconnect the hydraulic joint, remove the bolts, lift and transport the assembly, reinstall the dust cover, and restore the coal mining machine to its original state.

[0036] For operations in steeply inclined and highly inclined fully mechanized mining faces, the following supplementary explanations are provided: When operating in steeply inclined and highly inclined fully mechanized mining faces, this device is rigidly fixed to the flush-mounted quick-installation base 2 with high-strength bolts, forming an integral load-bearing structure with the main body 1 of the coal mining machine. It completely follows the mature and standardized anti-slip anchoring system, braking system, and traction system of the coal mining machine itself to achieve stable movement and positioning within the working face, without the need for additional independent anti-slip, anchoring, and braking structures. The flange positioning + multiple sets of high-strength bolts for circumferential locking connection can completely resist axial force and radial load under different inclination angle conditions, with no risk of loosening or falling off. The bidirectional hydraulic lock configured in the boom cylinder can achieve stable locking in any posture under inclined conditions, fully matching the rated operating inclination angle range of the attached coal mining machine, without requiring any additional structural modifications to the device itself. This fundamentally solves the industry problem of traditional independent face-opening equipment being limited by the inclination angle of the working face and unable to operate stably.

Claims

1. A detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device, comprising a coal mining machine body (1), wherein the coal mining machine body (1) has a main beam structure and a hydraulic system, characterized in that, It also includes a quick-installation base (2) and a milling and opening assembly (3); the quick-installation base (2) is set on the main beam structure of the main body (1) of the coal mining machine, and the quick-installation base (2) is provided with a positioning connection structure, a group of fixing holes and a hydraulic quick-connect interface (6) connected to the hydraulic system; the milling and opening assembly (3) includes a mounting base, a working arm (4), a drive device and a milling execution head (5), the mounting base cooperates with the positioning connection structure of the quick-installation base (2) and is detachably fixed to the quick-installation base (2) by fasteners, and the drive device is connected to the hydraulic system through the hydraulic quick-connect interface (6); the working arm (4) is set between the mounting base and the milling execution head (5) and is used to drive the milling execution head (5) to adjust the opening operation posture.

2. The detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quick-installation base (2) is located on the body of the coal mining machine (1) in the area between the left and right cutting drums (7), and the outer surface of the quick-installation base (2) is basically flush with the outer wall of the coal mining machine body.

3. The detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quick-installation base (2) is integrally set with the main beam structure of the coal mining machine body (1), or is fixedly connected to the main beam structure of the coal mining machine body (1).

4. The detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting base and the quick-installation base (2) are connected by high-strength bolts or a wedge locking mechanism; the hydraulic quick-connect interface (6) is a quick-change hydraulic connector with a shut-off function.

5. The detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working arm (4) is a multi-stage telescopic combination arm, and is equipped with a slewing drive mechanism, a pitch drive mechanism and a telescopic drive mechanism to realize slewing, pitching and telescopic adjustment.

6. The detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The telescopic stroke of the working arm (4) is adjustable, and at least a portion of the rotary drive mechanism, pitch drive mechanism and telescopic drive mechanism are provided with a hydraulic locking structure.

7. The detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The milling execution head (5) is a milling wheel structure with replaceable wear-resistant cutting teeth. The driving device is used to drive the milling execution head (5) to rotate so as to perform milling operations on the coal wall.

8. The detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The milling and opening assembly (3) is an integrated module, and its weight and dimensions are suitable for the hoisting and transfer of underground auxiliary transportation equipment.

9. The detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device's motion control is integrated into the coal mining machine's electrical control system and controlled via the coal mining machine's onboard control terminal and / or wireless remote control.

10. The detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the non-opening operation state, the quick-installation base (2) is detachably connected with a protective cover.

11. A method of using the detachable and quick-lifting coal mining machine retraction and side-opening device as described in any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Operation preparation: When the fully mechanized mining face enters the pre-installation side expansion process or the pre-retreat side opening process, the milling and side opening assembly (3) is hoisted to the main body (1) of the coal mining machine, and the protective cover at the quick installation base (2) is removed. S2, Device installation: Align the mounting base of the milling and side-opening assembly (3) with the quick-installation base (2), fix it with fasteners, and connect the hydraulic quick-connect interface (6). S3, Opening operation: Control the working arm (4) to adjust to the working posture, start the milling execution head (5), and cooperate with the movement of the coal mining machine body (1) to complete the opening or widening operation; S4, Disassembly and Restoration: After the operation is completed, disconnect the hydraulic quick-connect interface (6), remove the fasteners, lift the milling and opening assembly (3) away for transportation, and reinstall the protective cover at the quick-installation base (2).

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