Self-powered leak monitoring devices, systems, and methods for crossing-segment pipelines

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of pipeline leakage monitoring, and provides a self-powered leakage monitoring device, a system and a method for a crossing section pipeline; the self-powered leakage monitoring device for the crossing section pipeline comprises a suspension platform, an energy module, a dynamic positioning module, a sensing module, a wireless communication module and a data acquisition and control module; self-power supply can be realized through the energy module, long-term unattended operation of the device is realized, fluid physical simulation software is started when data anomalies are identified through a remote computer system, leakage point coordinates and leakage intensity are calculated through inversion, and oil particle motion trajectories and oil film diffusion ranges are simulated, so that leakage positioning and diffusion prediction are realized. In addition, the application further provides a system comprising the device and a method applied to the device and the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of pipeline leakage monitoring, and in particular to a self-powered leakage monitoring device, system and method for pipeline crossing sections. Background Technology

[0002] In the safety monitoring of pipelines crossing rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water, existing technologies mainly include monitoring methods based on pressure waves or flow rate changes, and fiber optic sensing technology. Pressure- or flow-based methods involve installing pressure sensors or flow meters at both ends of the pipeline. When a leak occurs, they detect fluctuations in fluid parameters within the pipeline and trigger an alarm. Fiber optic sensing technology, on the other hand, involves laying optical cables along the pipeline and using the principle of optical time-domain reflectometry to sense changes in temperature or strain around the pipeline, thereby determining whether a leak exists.

[0003] The aforementioned existing technologies have the following problems when applied to pipeline crossing sections: pressure- or flow-based methods are insensitive to minor leaks, have large location errors, and are mostly passive alarms after a leak occurs, making early warning difficult. While fiber optic sensing technology offers relatively high accuracy, it requires simultaneous laying of optical cables during pipeline construction or modification of existing pipelines, resulting in high construction costs and making it unsuitable for existing pipeline crossing sections. Furthermore, these technologies all rely on external power supply; laying shore power lines in vast waterways or remote areas is costly and difficult to maintain, making it difficult for monitoring equipment to operate continuously for extended periods. Most existing technologies stop at leak alarms and cannot quickly predict the diffusion path and impact range of pollutants in the water after a leak occurs.

[0004] Therefore, one of the urgent problems to be solved in the field of pipeline leakage monitoring in crossing sections is how to achieve long-term continuous monitoring and timely prediction of pollutant diffusion trends after leakage is detected, so as to provide effective guidance for emergency response, in the absence of external power supply. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application aims to provide a self-powered leakage monitoring device, system and method for pipeline crossing sections, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, this application proposes a self-powered leak monitoring device for pipeline crossing sections, comprising: Suspended platforms are used to provide buoyancy and a stable load-bearing foundation in water. The energy module, including solar panels, batteries, and a charge / discharge controller, is used to enable the device to be self-sufficient in electrical energy. The dynamic positioning module, including a propeller, is used to adjust and maintain the preset position and heading of the suspended platform in the water body according to environmental parameters or remote commands. The sensing module includes at least one high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor that is fixed inside the propeller by a fixed mounting bracket and immersed in the water, for real-time monitoring of the micro-environment temperature and concentration of the water around the pipeline. The wireless communication module is used to transmit device status, monitoring data, and early warning information to a remote computer system. The data acquisition and control module includes a main controller, which is electrically connected to the sensing module, the energy module, the wireless communication module and the dynamic positioning module, and is used to control data acquisition, perform data preprocessing, encapsulation and module management.

[0007] Furthermore, the suspended platform is a pontoon-type stable structure, with an aluminum alloy mounting frame on the upper part of the suspended platform, a rigid support on the bottom of the suspended platform, and mooring holes and anti-collision fenders around the perimeter of the suspended platform.

[0008] Furthermore, the solar panel is a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel, which is installed on the upper part of the platform with an adjustable tilt angle; The battery is a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack, which is placed in a dedicated waterproof battery compartment; The charge / discharge controller is integrated into the main controller and has maximum power point tracking functionality, enabling intelligent management of the charge / discharge process.

[0009] Furthermore, the high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor includes at least three temperature and concentration probes, and the probes are wrapped with a protective shell to prevent biofouling. The probe contains a sensitive element, which is electrically connected to a signal processor. The signal processor is connected to the main body of the sensor via a signal acquisition adapter board and a corrosion-resistant signal transmission cable. The sensor main body has a built-in signal conversion / amplification circuit, a detection window on the side of the sensor main body, and a waterproof sealing joint throughout. The high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor is fixed inside the propeller by a fixed mounting bracket and immersed in water. It is used to sense changes in water temperature and concentration and output processed electrical signals.

[0010] Furthermore, the wireless communication module is a dual-mode communication unit that supports 4G / 5G mobile networks and LoRa self-organizing networks. The dual-mode communication unit is configured to automatically switch to the LoRa Mesh network for data relay transmission when mobile signal coverage is poor.

[0011] Furthermore, the thrust and direction of the propeller are driven by the main controller through a closed-loop control algorithm based on feedback data from the global positioning system and the inertial measurement unit, in order to maintain the suspended platform within a preset tolerance range.

[0012] Secondly, this application proposes a system including the aforementioned self-powered leak monitoring device for pipeline crossing sections, comprising: Multiple self-powered leak monitoring devices, as described above, are deployed as distributed sensing nodes at key locations along the pipeline crossing section. These multiple self-powered leak monitoring devices form a self-organizing network through a LoRa Mesh network and can relay data to each other. A remote computer system is connected to the multiple self-powered leakage monitoring devices via a wireless network for receiving and processing monitoring data; The remote computer system is configured to run fluid physics simulation software, and automatically initiate leakage inversion and diffusion simulation when abnormal temperature and concentration data are detected. The leakage inversion involves constructing and iteratively optimizing a forward model, comparing the simulated theoretical temperature field and concentration field with the measured data field until the objective function converges, and then using this convergence to calculate the spatial coordinates of the leakage point and the leakage intensity. The diffusion simulation is based on the leakage source parameters obtained by inversion and combined with real-time hydrological and meteorological data to simulate the trajectory of oil particles and the diffusion range of oil film.

[0013] Furthermore, the remote computer system is also configured to dynamically adjust the early warning thresholds of each monitoring device based on the leakage risk assessment model, and to use a geographic information system to display the status, alarm information and prediction results of all nodes in an integrated and visual manner.

[0014] Furthermore, the remote computer system is also configured to automatically generate structured oil spill diffusion trend prediction reports and push them to user terminals in graphical form via SMS or email.

[0015] Thirdly, this application proposes a method for a self-powered leakage monitoring device and system applied to the aforementioned crossing section pipeline, comprising the following steps: System deployment and self-starting steps: Plan and deploy monitoring devices along the pipeline crossing section, and complete hardware initialization, energy system self-test and network registration; Continuous data acquisition and transmission steps: Environmental data is continuously acquired through temperature and concentration sensors, pre-processed and packaged by the main controller, and then transmitted to a remote computer system in real time through a wireless communication module. Back-end fluid simulation and inversion location steps: The remote computer system receives data, and when it detects data anomalies, it automatically starts the fluid physics simulation software, calculates the leakage source parameters through the inversion algorithm, and simulates the trajectory of oil particles and the diffusion range of oil film. Early warning report generation and decision support steps: The remote computer system automatically generates a structured oil spill diffusion trend early warning report and pushes it to the user terminal for graphical display.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the self-powered leakage monitoring device, system, and method for pipeline crossing sections proposed in this application have the following advantages: (1) By setting up an energy module including a solar panel, a battery and a charge and discharge controller, this application realizes the device's self-sufficiency in the aquatic environment, enabling the monitoring device to operate unattended for a long time and get rid of the dependence on shore power supply; by setting up a floating platform to provide buoyancy and a stable bearing foundation in the water, and by mounting a dynamic positioning module including a propeller on the floating platform, the device is stably bearing in the water and maintaining the preset position, ensuring the continuous monitoring capability of the sensor in time and space; by fixing the high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor inside the propeller and immersing it in the water, the device achieves high-sensitivity real-time monitoring of the temperature and concentration of the microenvironment of the water around the pipeline; by setting up a dual-mode wireless communication module that supports mobile network and LoRa self-organizing network, the device achieves reliable transmission of monitoring data in complex aquatic environments.

[0017] (2) This application constructs an intelligent sensing network covering the crossing section by deploying multiple self-powered leakage monitoring devices as distributed sensing nodes at key locations along the pipeline crossing section; by setting up a remote computer system to wirelessly connect with multiple monitoring devices and configuring the remote computer system to run fluid physics simulation software, leakage inversion and diffusion simulation are automatically started when abnormal temperature and concentration data are detected. The leakage inversion compares the simulated theoretical temperature field, concentration field and measured data field with the forward model by constructing and iteratively optimizing the model until the objective function converges, thereby realizing the accurate calculation of the spatial coordinates of the leakage point and the leakage intensity; the diffusion simulation simulates the oil particle trajectory and oil film diffusion range based on the leakage source parameters obtained by inversion and real-time hydrological and meteorological data, thereby realizing the prediction of the pollutant diffusion trend and solving the problem that the existing technology cannot quickly predict the diffusion path after the leakage occurs.

[0018] (3) This application adopts a self-powered leakage monitoring method that includes system deployment and self-starting steps, continuous data acquisition and transmission steps, back-end fluid simulation and inversion positioning steps, and early warning report generation and decision support steps. It realizes the whole process management from leakage alarm to diffusion prediction and then to emergency decision support, and provides staff with scientific and intuitive emergency response basis. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-powered leakage monitoring device for a pipeline crossing section as described in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a partial enlarged view of the high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the architecture of the self-powered leakage monitoring system for pipeline crossing sections as described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of the self-powered leakage monitoring method for pipeline crossing sections as described in the embodiments of this application.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Solar panel; 2. Suspension platform; 3. Propeller; 4. High-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor; 5. Battery; 6. Main controller; 7. Wireless communication module; 9. Temperature and concentration probe; 13. Waterproof sealing joint; 14. Sensor body compartment; 16. Biofouling-resistant protective shell; 17. Detection window; 18. Sensitive element; 20. Corrosion-resistant signal transmission cable; 21. Signal processor; 22. Signal acquisition adapter board. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical solution and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0023] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of this application, if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" appear, indicating orientation or positional relationship, these are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, if terms such as "first" or "second" appear, they are also used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "connector" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in light of the specific circumstances.

[0025] In this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0026] The present application will now be described in detail through exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that, without further description, elements, structures, and features in one embodiment may be advantageously incorporated into other embodiments.

[0027] Existing safety monitoring technologies for pipeline crossings of rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water suffer from several drawbacks when applied to these sections. These include insensitivity to minor leaks, significant location errors, difficulty in early warning systems, high construction costs, and unsuitability for existing pipeline crossings. Furthermore, these technologies rely on external power supplies, and laying shore power lines in vast waterways or remote areas is costly and difficult to maintain, hindering the long-term continuous operation of monitoring equipment. Most existing technologies stop at leak alarms and cannot quickly predict the diffusion path and impact range of pollutants in the water after a leak occurs. Therefore, this application aims to propose a self-powered leak monitoring device, system, and method for pipeline crossings to address the aforementioned technical problems.

[0028] Example 1 This embodiment provides a self-powered leak monitoring device for pipeline crossing sections. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The device includes a suspended platform 2, an energy module, a dynamic positioning module, a sensing module, a wireless communication module 7, and a data acquisition and control module.

[0029] The suspended platform 2 provides buoyancy and a stable bearing base in the water. The suspended platform 2 is a pontoon-type stabilizing structure, preferably an octagonal pontoon structure, made of corrosion-resistant and impact-resistant materials such as high-density polyethylene. High-density polyethylene has excellent corrosion resistance and impact resistance, allowing for long-term use in aquatic environments without damage. Compared to circular or square structures, the octagonal pontoon structure offers better resistance to water flow impact stability, effectively reducing platform sway under water flow and ensuring the accuracy of monitoring data. The upper part of the suspended platform 2 is equipped with an aluminum alloy mounting frame, which is treated with anti-slip and anti-corrosion coatings to facilitate the installation and maintenance of various equipment, while preventing rust from long-term exposure to the outdoor environment. The bottom of the suspended platform 2 has a rigid support, which improves the overall structural strength of the platform and prevents deformation under collision or water flow impact. The suspended platform 2 is equipped with mooring holes and anti-collision fenders around its perimeter. The mooring holes facilitate temporary mooring and fixation during initial installation or maintenance, while the anti-collision fenders absorb collision energy, protecting the platform and other equipment from damage.

[0030] To achieve self-sufficiency in power, the energy module in this embodiment includes a solar panel 1, a battery 5, and a charge / discharge controller. The solar panel 1 is a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel, installed on the upper part of the platform with an adjustable tilt angle. Monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels have high photoelectric conversion efficiency, generating more electricity under the same lighting conditions, making them suitable for long-term outdoor use. The adjustable tilt angle installation method allows the angle of the solar panel 1 to be adjusted according to the solar altitude angle in different regions, maximizing the reception of solar radiation and improving power generation efficiency. The tilt angle range is set to 15 to 30 degrees, determined based on the solar altitude angle characteristics of most parts of my country, ensuring good power generation performance throughout the year. The battery 5 is a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack, housed in a dedicated waterproof battery compartment. Lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery packs have advantages such as long cycle life, high safety, and good low-temperature performance, making them suitable as energy storage power sources for outdoor equipment. The dedicated waterproof battery compartment prevents water from entering the battery, ensuring the safe operation of the battery 5. The charge / discharge controller is integrated into the main controller 6 and has maximum power point tracking functionality, used for intelligent management of the charging and discharging process. Integrating the charge / discharge controller into the main controller 6 simplifies the system structure, reduces equipment size and weight, and facilitates unified management and control. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function can track the maximum power output point of the solar panel 1 in real time, improving energy efficiency. Through the coordinated operation of solar energy and the battery, combined with the system's low-power design, the system can maintain normal operation for at least 10 days even under continuous cloudy or rainy weather, meeting the requirements for long-term unattended operation.

[0031] Based on the invention's objective of maintaining the suspended platform 2 in a preset position and heading within the water, in this embodiment, the dynamic positioning module includes a propeller 3. The thrust and direction of the propeller 3 are driven by the main controller 6 using a closed-loop control algorithm based on feedback data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Inertial Measurement Unit (INS), used to maintain the suspended platform 2 within a preset tolerance range. The main controller 6 continuously receives feedback data from the GPS and INS, monitoring the platform's position and attitude changes in real time. When the platform drifts beyond the preset tolerance range, the main controller 6 calculates the required thrust and direction using a PID closed-loop control algorithm, driving the propeller 3 to generate reverse thrust and automatically correcting the platform back to the preset position. The preset tolerance range is set to a radius of 10 meters centered on the anchor point. This range is determined based on monitoring accuracy requirements and the response speed of the power system, ensuring that the sensor is always at the optimal monitoring point without causing frequent starts of the power system, thus saving energy.

[0032] To achieve real-time monitoring of the temperature and concentration of the microenvironment of the water surrounding the pipeline, the sensing module in this embodiment includes at least one high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor 4, which is fixed inside the propeller 3 by a mounting bracket and submerged in the water. (Refer to...) Figure 2 and Figure 3The high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor 4 includes at least three temperature and concentration probes 9. The multiple probe design enables simultaneous multi-point monitoring, improving the reliability and accuracy of monitoring data. Furthermore, comparative analysis of multi-point data allows for the elimination of errors caused by single-point failures or localized interference. The temperature and concentration probes 9 have a measurement accuracy of no less than ±0.1℃ within a range of -40℃ to 120℃. This range covers the temperature changes that may occur due to leaks in the pipeline crossing section. The high accuracy of ±0.1℃ effectively identifies temperature changes caused by minor leaks, enabling early warning. The sampling frequency is configurable from 1Hz to 100Hz, allowing users to adjust the sampling frequency according to different monitoring needs, ensuring monitoring accuracy while reducing data transmission volume and energy consumption. The probes 9 are externally encased in a biofouling protective shell 16 to prevent aquatic organisms from attaching and growing on the probe surface, thus avoiding impact on the sensor's measurement accuracy and lifespan. The probes 9 contain a sensitive element 18, which converts changes in water temperature and concentration into weak electrical signals. Sensitive element 18 is electrically connected to signal processor 21. Signal processor 21 amplifies, filters, and digitizes weak electrical signals to improve signal anti-interference capability. Signal processor 21 is connected to sensor main body 14 via signal acquisition adapter 22 and corrosion-resistant signal transmission cable 20. Signal acquisition adapter 22 enables centralized acquisition and transmission of signals from multiple probes, and corrosion-resistant signal transmission cable 20 resists corrosion from corrosive substances in water, ensuring reliable signal transmission. Sensor main body 14 has a built-in signal conversion and amplification circuit, which further processes and converts the signal to meet the input requirements of main controller 6. Sensor main body 14 has a detection window 17 on its side, allowing on-site personnel to quickly check the working status of internal sensitive elements and promptly detect and troubleshoot faults. The high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor 4 is equipped with a waterproof sealing joint 13, ensuring a high level of waterproof performance for the entire sensor and preventing water from entering the sensor and damaging electronic components. The design of fixing the high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor 4 inside the propeller 3 allows the water flow generated when the propeller 3 rotates to continuously flush the sensor surface, further reducing biological attachment and sediment accumulation. At the same time, it enables the sensor to detect changes in the water body more quickly and improves the monitoring response speed.

[0033] The wireless communication module 7 is used to transmit device status, monitoring data, and early warning information to a remote computer system. The wireless communication module 7 is a dual-mode communication unit supporting both 4G / 5G mobile networks and LoRa self-organizing networks. The dual-mode communication unit is configured to automatically switch to the LoRa Mesh network for data relay transmission when mobile signal coverage is poor. The use of a dual-mode communication unit balances communication speed and coverage. 4G / 5G mobile networks offer advantages such as high transmission speed and low latency, making them suitable for use in areas with good mobile signal coverage and enabling real-time transmission of large amounts of monitoring data. LoRa self-organizing networks offer advantages such as long transmission distance, low power consumption, and strong wall penetration capabilities, making them suitable for use in remote areas with poor mobile signal coverage. When mobile signal coverage is poor, the dual-mode communication unit can automatically switch to the LoRa Mesh network, allowing multiple devices to forward data to each other, expanding network coverage and ensuring reliable data transmission.

[0034] The data acquisition and control module includes a main controller 6. The main controller 6 is electrically connected to the sensing module, energy module, wireless communication module 7, and dynamic positioning module, and is used for controlling data acquisition, performing data preprocessing, encapsulation, and module management. As the core control unit of the device, the main controller 6 is responsible for coordinating and managing the operation of each module. It can control the sensing module to acquire data at a preset frequency, preprocess the acquired raw data (e.g., digital filtering, feature extraction), remove environmental noise and interference signals, and improve data quality. Then, the preprocessed data is encapsulated, timestamps and device identification information are added, and transmitted to a remote computer system via the wireless communication module 7. Simultaneously, the main controller 6 can also manage the energy module, monitor the battery status 5, control the charging and discharging process, and rationally allocate power to ensure stable system operation. It can also control the dynamic positioning module based on feedback data from the GPS and inertial measurement unit to maintain the platform's positional stability. Furthermore, the main controller 6 can monitor the operating status of each module, promptly detect faults, and issue alarms.

[0035] Example 2 This embodiment provides a self-powered leak monitoring system for pipeline crossing sections. (Refer to...) Figure 4 The system includes multiple self-powered leak monitoring devices and a remote computer system as described in Example 1.

[0036] Multiple self-powered leak detection devices, acting as distributed sensing nodes, are deployed at key locations along the pipeline crossing section, forming an intelligent sensing network covering the entire crossing section. These devices self-organize via a LoRa Mesh network and can relay data to each other, expanding network coverage and improving data transmission reliability. When deploying monitoring devices, the location of monitoring points needs to be rationally selected based on factors such as pipeline alignment, hydrological characteristics, and leak risk level. Monitoring devices are generally densely deployed at pipeline bends, crossing points, areas prone to corrosion, and areas with frequent third-party activity to ensure timely detection of leaks.

[0037] A remote computer system is wirelessly connected to multiple self-powered leak monitoring devices to receive and process monitoring data. The remote computer system is configured to run fluid physics simulation software, automatically initiating leak inversion and diffusion simulation when abnormalities in the received temperature and concentration data are detected. Leak inversion involves constructing and iteratively optimizing a forward model, comparing the simulated theoretical temperature and concentration fields with the measured data fields until the objective function converges, used to calculate the spatial coordinates of the leak point and the leak intensity. Diffusion simulation, based on the leak source parameters obtained from the inversion and combined with real-time hydrological and meteorological data, is used to simulate the trajectory of oil particles and the diffusion range of the oil film.

[0038] The specific process of the leakage inversion algorithm is as follows. First, a forward model is established, using the assumed leak location and leakage rate as input parameters. By solving the Navier-Stokes equations and energy conservation equations, a fluid dynamics and heat transfer model is constructed to calculate the corresponding theoretical temperature and concentration field distributions. Then, an objective function is constructed, calculating the sum of squared residuals between the theoretical and measured temperature and concentration fields. The objective function J is the sum of squared differences between the theoretical and measured values. Finally, iterative optimization is performed using optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms or gradient descent to automatically adjust the leakage parameters. The forward model is run repeatedly until the objective function converges to its minimum value. At this point, the leak location and leakage rate are the optimal solutions obtained through inversion. This inversion algorithm can control the leak location error within 5 meters and the leakage intensity calculation error within 10%, significantly improving the accuracy of leak location and quantification.

[0039] Diffusion simulation, based on precise leak source parameters obtained through inversion and combined with real-time hydrological and meteorological data such as flow velocity, flow direction, wind speed, and wind direction, employs particle tracking to simulate the trajectory of oil particles and the diffusion range of the oil film. The simulation can predict the location and shape of the oil film at different future time points, providing forward-looking guidance for emergency response.

[0040] To achieve dynamic assessment and early warning of leakage risks, the remote computer system in this embodiment is also configured to dynamically adjust the early warning thresholds of each monitoring device based on a leakage risk assessment model. The leakage risk assessment model comprehensively considers factors such as the pipeline's operational age, corrosion status, hydrological conditions, and third-party activities to evaluate the leakage risk level at different monitoring points. For monitoring devices in high-risk areas, the system automatically lowers their early warning thresholds to increase monitoring sensitivity and detect leakage signs earlier. For monitoring devices in low-risk areas, the system appropriately raises their early warning thresholds to reduce false alarms. The remote computer system also uses a geographic information system to provide an integrated visual display of the status of all nodes, alarm information, and prediction results, enabling staff to intuitively understand the situation across the entire monitoring area.

[0041] To improve the efficiency of emergency response, the remote computer system in this embodiment is also configured to automatically generate a structured oil spill diffusion trend prediction report, which is then pushed to the user terminal in graphical form via SMS or email. The report includes key information such as the spatial coordinates of the leak point, the leak intensity, the trajectory of oil particles, the extent of oil film diffusion, and the estimated impact time, providing a scientific basis for personnel to formulate emergency response plans.

[0042] Example 3 This embodiment provides a self-powered leakage monitoring method for pipeline crossing sections, employing the self-powered leakage monitoring system described in Embodiment 2. (Refer to...) Figure 5 The method includes the following steps.

[0043] System Deployment and Self-Startup Procedures. Monitoring devices are planned and deployed along the pipeline crossing section, completing hardware initialization, energy system self-checks, and network registration. When deploying monitoring devices, the location of monitoring points needs to be rationally selected based on factors such as pipeline direction, hydrological characteristics, and leakage risk level. Monitoring devices are generally deployed more densely at pipeline bends, crossing points, areas prone to corrosion, and areas with frequent third-party activity. The devices automatically start after entering the water, completing hardware initialization, energy system self-checks, and network registration, thus forming a distributed monitoring network.

[0044] Continuous data acquisition and transmission steps. Environmental data is continuously collected by temperature and concentration sensors. After preprocessing and encapsulation by the main controller, the data is transmitted in real time to a remote computer system via a wireless communication module. During this step, the energy module starts operating, providing power to the entire device. The dynamic positioning module maintains the platform stable at a preset position. High-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensors continuously sample water temperature and concentration at a preset frequency. The main controller preprocesses the raw data, performing digital filtering and feature extraction to remove environmental noise and interference signals. The preprocessed data is then encapsulated, with timestamps and device identification information added, and transmitted in real time to the remote computer system via the wireless communication module.

[0045] Backend fluid simulation and inversion location steps. The remote computer system receives data. When an anomaly is detected, it automatically starts the fluid physics simulation software. The software calculates the leak source parameters using an inversion algorithm and simulates the trajectory of oil particles and the diffusion range of the oil film. After receiving the data, the remote computer system monitors data changes in real time through a data stream processing engine. When a persistent temperature or concentration anomaly matching the characteristics of a leak is detected, the system automatically starts the built-in fluid physics simulation software. First, the leak inversion algorithm is run to calculate the spatial coordinates of the leak point and the leak intensity. Then, based on the leak source parameters obtained from the inversion, combined with real-time hydrological and meteorological data, the trajectory of oil particles and the diffusion range of the oil film are simulated.

[0046] Early Warning Report Generation and Decision Support Steps. A remote computer system automatically generates a structured early warning report on the oil spill diffusion trend and pushes it to user terminals for graphical display. The report includes key information such as the location of the leak point, leak intensity, oil film diffusion range, and estimated impact time, displayed graphically on a geographic information system interface. Emergency command personnel can intuitively understand the leak situation and prediction results through user terminals, thereby scientifically and quickly formulating emergency response plans such as containment and recovery, minimizing losses caused by the leak.

[0047] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The technical features or structures in the foregoing different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined to form other specific technical solutions as needed. For those skilled in the art, this application can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A self-powered leak monitoring device for use in a segment of pipeline, characterized by, include: Suspended platform (2) is used to provide buoyancy and a stable bearing base in water; The energy module includes a solar panel (1), a battery (5), and a charge / discharge controller, which are used to enable the device to be self-sufficient in electrical energy; The dynamic positioning module includes a propeller (3) for adjusting and maintaining the preset position and heading of the suspended platform (2) in the water body according to environmental parameters or remote commands; The sensing module includes at least one high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor (4) that is fixed inside the propeller (3) by a fixed mounting bracket and immersed in the water, for real-time monitoring of the micro-environment temperature and concentration of the water around the pipeline; The wireless communication module (7) is used to transmit device status, monitoring data and early warning information to a remote computer system. The data acquisition and control module includes a main controller (6), which is electrically connected to the sensing module, the energy module, the wireless communication module (7) and the dynamic positioning module, respectively, and is used to control data acquisition, perform data preprocessing, encapsulation and module management.

2. A self-powered leak monitoring device for use in a section of pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating platform (2) is a pontoon-type stable structure. The upper part of the floating platform (2) is provided with an aluminum alloy mounting frame, the bottom of the floating platform (2) is provided with a rigid support, and the surrounding area of ​​the floating platform (2) is provided with mooring holes and anti-collision fenders.

3. A self-powered leak monitoring device for use in a section of pipeline according to claim 1, wherein: The solar panel (1) is a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel, which is installed on the upper part of the platform with an adjustable tilt angle; The battery (5) is a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack, which is placed in a dedicated waterproof battery compartment; The charge / discharge controller is integrated into the main controller (6) and has maximum power point tracking function, which is used to realize intelligent management of the charge / discharge process.

4. A self-powered leak monitoring device for use in a section of pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor (4) includes at least three temperature and concentration probes (9), and the probes (9) are wrapped with a biofouling protective shell (16). The probe (9) is equipped with a sensitive element (18), which is electrically connected to the signal processor (21). The signal processor (21) is connected to the sensor main body (14) through a signal acquisition adapter board (22) and a corrosion-resistant signal transmission cable (20). The sensor main body (14) has a built-in signal conversion / amplification circuit, and the sensor main body (14) has a detection window (17) on the side and a waterproof sealing joint (13) throughout. The high-sensitivity temperature and concentration sensor (4) is fixed inside the propeller (3) by a fixed mounting bracket and immersed in water. It is used to sense changes in water temperature and concentration and output processed electrical signals.

5. A self-powered leak monitoring device for use in a section of pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless communication module (7) is a dual-mode communication unit that supports 4G / 5G mobile networks and LoRa self-organizing networks. The dual-mode communication unit is configured to automatically switch to the LoRa Mesh network for data relay transmission when the mobile signal coverage is poor.

6. A self-powered leakage monitoring device for a pipeline crossing section according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thrust and direction of the propeller (3) are driven by the main controller (6) through a closed-loop control algorithm based on feedback data from the global positioning system and the inertial measurement unit, in order to maintain the suspended platform (2) within a preset tolerance range.

7. A self-powered leak monitoring system for pipeline crossing sections, characterized in that, include: Multiple self-powered leak monitoring devices as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 are deployed as distributed sensing nodes at key locations along the pipeline crossing section. The multiple self-powered leak monitoring devices form a self-organizing network through a LoRa Mesh network and can relay data to each other. A remote computer system is connected to the multiple self-powered leakage monitoring devices via a wireless network for receiving and processing monitoring data; The remote computer system is configured to run fluid physics simulation software, and automatically initiate leakage inversion and diffusion simulation when abnormal temperature and concentration data are detected. The leakage inversion involves constructing and iteratively optimizing a forward model, comparing the simulated theoretical temperature field and concentration field with the measured data field until the objective function converges, and then using this convergence to calculate the spatial coordinates of the leakage point and the leakage intensity. The diffusion simulation is based on the leakage source parameters obtained by inversion and combined with real-time hydrological and meteorological data to simulate the trajectory of oil particles and the diffusion range of oil film.

8. A self-powered leakage monitoring system for a pipeline crossing section according to claim 7, characterized in that: The remote computer system is also configured to dynamically adjust the early warning thresholds of each monitoring device based on a leakage risk assessment model, and to use a geographic information system to display the status, alarm information and prediction results of all nodes in an integrated and visual manner.

9. A self-powered leakage monitoring system for a pipeline crossing section according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The remote computer system is also configured to automatically generate structured oil spill diffusion trend prediction reports and push them to user terminals in graphical form via SMS or email.

10. A method for monitoring self-powered leaks in pipeline crossing sections, characterized in that, The method using the self-powered leakage monitoring system according to any one of claims 7 to 10 includes the following steps: System deployment and self-starting steps: Plan and deploy monitoring devices along the pipeline crossing section, and complete hardware initialization, energy system self-test and network registration; Continuous data acquisition and transmission steps: Environmental data is continuously acquired through temperature and concentration sensors, pre-processed and packaged by the main controller, and then transmitted to a remote computer system in real time through a wireless communication module. Back-end fluid simulation and inversion location steps: The remote computer system receives data, and when it detects data anomalies, it automatically starts the fluid physics simulation software, calculates the leakage source parameters through the inversion algorithm, and simulates the trajectory of oil particles and the diffusion range of oil film. Early warning report generation and decision support steps: The remote computer system automatically generates a structured oil spill diffusion trend early warning report and pushes it to the user terminal for graphical display.

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