Bridge deflection and vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring terminal and method based on external meteorological triggering

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent monitoring terminal and method for bridge deflection and vortex-induced vibration based on external weather triggering. Under normal conditions, the terminal is in deep sleep mode, with only the low-power command receiving module and clock module powered. When an external weather station detects that the wind speed reaches the critical wind speed threshold for vortex-induced vibration, the edge gateway broadcasts a pre-wake-up command. The low-power command receiving module wakes up the main control module via a hardware interrupt, and the power management module powers on the dynamic sensing module. The dynamic sensing module first enters a standby inspection mode at a first sampling frequency to perform spectrum analysis. When the detected vibration frequency falls within a preset vortex-induced vibration characteristic range, it automatically switches to a second sampling frequency to enter an enhanced monitoring mode. After confirming the vortex-induced vibration event, it records and reports the complete data packets before and after the event. This invention, through weather-triggered wake-up and a two-level monitoring strategy, achieves ultra-low power standby while ensuring real-time capture and detailed recording of vortex-induced vibration events, making it particularly suitable for long-term unattended bridge vortex-induced vibration monitoring scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge monitoring technology, specifically to an intelligent monitoring terminal and method for bridge deflection and vortex-induced vibration triggered by external weather conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Life-cycle health monitoring of bridge structures needs to consider both long-term slow changes (such as deflection and settlement) and short-term dynamic responses (such as vortex-induced vibration and vehicle-induced vibration). Currently, these two types of monitoring are usually performed by separate systems: inclinometers and hydrostatic levels are used to monitor static deformation, while accelerometers are used to monitor dynamic vibration. This approach has significant drawbacks:

[0003] The separate systems are costly: deploying two independent sensor, data acquisition and power supply systems doubles the hardware, installation and maintenance costs.

[0004] Data fragmentation and difficulty in correlation: Static deformation data and dynamic response data are not synchronized in time and are not strictly from the same source in space, making it difficult to comprehensively analyze the correlation between structural performance degradation and abnormal events.

[0005] The conflict between power consumption and functionality: Static monitoring requires a stable power supply for a long time, while dynamic monitoring requires continuous monitoring or intelligent wake-up to capture occasional events, which poses a complex challenge to the design of battery-powered wireless terminals.

[0006] Existing integration attempts often focus on a single function or simply place multiple sensors in the same housing, failing to fundamentally solve the problems of power consumption conflicts, task scheduling, and data fusion in multimodal sensing.

[0007] The occurrence of vortex-induced vibration (vortex-induced vibration) in bridges has clear meteorological causes, and its locked-in wind speed range is relatively fixed. Existing monitoring terminals based on vibration energy threshold triggering are essentially a "post-event response" mode, that is, detailed monitoring is only initiated after the vibration has occurred and reached a certain intensity. This may miss key data on the initial development of vortex-induced vibration, and is easily triggered by non-wind-induced vibrations (such as heavy vehicles), resulting in false alarms.

[0008] Incorporating meteorological data into monitoring triggering logic could theoretically lead to more accurate and forward-looking early warnings. However, existing technological solutions face integration challenges:

[0009] Poor system linkage: Independent bridge weather stations and structural response monitoring systems usually operate independently, and data is only correlated and analyzed in the background, making it impossible to achieve real-time linkage and control at the front-end terminals.

[0010] There is a contradiction between terminal power consumption and response speed: if the terminal is required to continuously monitor the wind speed data stream, it will be unable to enter deep sleep mode, severely sacrificing battery life.

[0011] The triggering logic is too simplistic: existing solutions mostly only consider the single indicator of wind speed, without fully taking into account the multiple meteorological factors that affect the vortex-induced vibration characteristics of bridges, such as wind direction and temperature.

[0012] Therefore, there is a need for an integrated monitoring terminal that can receive and process external meteorological commands with low power consumption and intelligently switch its working state accordingly, so as to realize the transformation of the monitoring mode from "passive response" to "active prediction".

[0013] Existing technologies, such as CN119986853A, disclose a bridge monitoring signal acquisition method driven by meteorological data. However, its technical solution focuses on adjusting the sensor's sampling frequency according to meteorological data, failing to address the issues of ultra-low power consumption standby and real-time response of the monitoring terminal under long-term unattended conditions. Existing technologies, such as CN117723148B, disclose a bridge vortex-induced vibration detection method based on IMU and GNSS fusion positioning. However, its hardware power consumption is high, making it difficult to deploy for extended periods in bridge areas without external power supply. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0015] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a bridge deflection and vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring terminal and method based on external weather triggering, which aims to solve the technical problems of existing bridge vortex-induced vibration monitoring terminals having high standby power consumption under long-term unattended conditions, inability to achieve on-demand wake-up and instant response, and difficulty in simultaneously capturing vortex-induced vibration events and recording refined data.

[0016] To address the aforementioned technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0017] A smart monitoring terminal for bridge vortex-induced vibration triggered by external weather conditions includes:

[0018] The low-power command receiving module is configured to continuously listen for external meteorological monitoring trigger commands and output a wake-up signal via a hardware interrupt after receiving the trigger command.

[0019] The power management module is configured to perform independent zone power supply control for each functional module of the monitoring terminal, and to power on the specified functional module in response to the wake-up signal;

[0020] The main control and edge computing module is configured to switch from deep sleep state to working state after receiving the wake-up signal, and control the dynamic sensing module to start vortex vibration monitoring;

[0021] The state perception module is configured to collect vortex-induced vibration force response data of bridges;

[0022] The clock module is configured to provide a unified time base;

[0023] The monitoring terminal is in a deep sleep state when it does not receive the external meteorological monitoring trigger command, and only the low-power command receiving module and the clock module are powered.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the bridge vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring terminal based on external weather triggering described in this invention, the dynamic sensing module is configured to: respond to the wake-up signal, enter a standby inspection mode at a first sampling frequency, and determine whether the vibration frequency falls within the preset vortex-induced vibration frequency characteristic range of the bridge through real-time spectrum analysis; when the vibration frequency is detected to fall within the vortex-induced vibration frequency characteristic range and remain there for a preset time, automatically switch to a second sampling frequency to enter an enhanced monitoring mode, wherein the second sampling frequency is higher than the first sampling frequency; after confirming the vortex-induced vibration event in the enhanced monitoring mode, record complete dynamic response data for preset durations forward and backward based on the event occurrence time to form a vortex-induced vibration event data packet.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the bridge vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring terminal based on external weather triggering described in this invention, the dynamic sensing module is a MEMS inertial measurement unit integrating a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope; the vortex-induced vibration event confirmation condition is: a stable single-peak vibration frequency is detected, and the vertical acceleration amplitude continuously meets the preset period.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the bridge vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring terminal based on external weather triggering described in this invention, it further includes a wireless communication module. The wireless communication module adopts LoRa or NB-IoT communication standards and is powered on and started only by the power management module when vortex-induced vibration event data is reported. It automatically shuts off after the data reporting is completed.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the bridge vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring terminal based on external weather triggering described in this invention, it further includes a static sensing module, which is a high-precision dual-axis tilt sensor used to collect static deformation data of the bridge to calculate the deflection; the static sensing module is triggered by the clock module to execute a static monitoring task at a preset time point, and automatically returns to a deep sleep state after execution.

[0028] A method for intelligent monitoring of bridge vortex-induced vibration based on external weather conditions, using the monitoring terminal described above, includes the following steps:

[0029] S1: The monitoring terminal is in a deep sleep state by default, only the low-power instruction receiving module and the clock module remain powered on, and the low-power instruction receiving module continuously listens for external meteorological trigger instructions;

[0030] S2: The meteorological station deployed on the bridge continuously collects wind environment data, and the edge gateway determines whether the vortex-induced vibration meteorological triggering condition is satisfied according to the wind environment data, and broadcasts a pre-wake-up instruction to the bridge area monitoring terminal when the condition is satisfied;

[0031] S3: After the monitoring terminal receives the pre-wake-up instruction, the low-power instruction receiving module wakes up the main control and the edge computing module through a hardware interrupt, and the power management module powers on the dynamic sensing module;

[0032] S4: The dynamic sensing module enters a standby inspection mode at a first sampling frequency, and monitors the vibration frequency through real-time spectrum analysis;

[0033] S5: When it is detected that the vibration frequency falls into the preset vortex-induced vibration frequency characteristic interval of the bridge and lasts for a preset time, the dynamic sensing module automatically switches to a second sampling frequency to enter the enhanced monitoring mode, and the second sampling frequency is higher than the first sampling frequency;

[0034] S6: After confirming the vortex-induced vibration event in the enhanced monitoring mode, complete dynamic response data of a preset duration is recorded forward and backward respectively based on the occurrence time of the event, so as to form a vortex-induced vibration event data packet, which is reported through a wireless communication module;

[0035] S7: If the vibration frequency is not detected to fall into the vortex-induced vibration frequency characteristic interval for a continuous preset time in the standby inspection mode, the monitoring terminal automatically returns to the deep sleep state.

[0036] As a preferred solution of the bridge vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring method based on external meteorological triggering according to the present invention, in step S2, the wind environment data includes wind speed V, and the vortex-induced vibration meteorological triggering condition is: V≥V1, where V1 is a preset vortex-induced vibration critical wind speed threshold of the bridge; when V<V1, the edge gateway broadcasts a sleep instruction to the bridge area monitoring terminal, and the monitoring terminal returns to the deep sleep state after receiving the sleep instruction.

[0037] As a preferred solution of the bridge vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring method based on external meteorological triggering according to the present invention, in step S6, the confirmation condition for the vortex-induced vibration event is: a stable single-peak vibration frequency is detected, and the vertical acceleration amplitude reaches the standard continuously for a preset period.

[0038] As a preferred solution of the bridge vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring method based on external meteorological triggering according to the present invention, the static deflection monitoring task and the dynamic monitoring task are time-sequentially mutually exclusive, and the execution process is not interfered by external meteorological instructions.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] 1. Balancing ultra-low power standby and instant response: Through a collaborative mechanism of "external weather trigger + hardware interrupt wake-up + zoned power supply", the monitoring terminal maintains power supply only for the low-power instruction receiving module and clock module under normal conditions, while other modules are completely powered off. The standby power consumption is reduced by more than 80% compared to the existing timed wake-up scheme. At the same time, millisecond-level wake-up response is achieved through hardware interrupt, which solves the contradiction between power consumption and response speed under long-term unattended conditions.

[0041] 2. Two-level monitoring strategy achieves optimal balance between power consumption and accuracy: Through a two-level strategy of "standby inspection (first sampling frequency) + enhanced monitoring (second sampling frequency)," after being awakened by meteorological trigger, the spectrum is first screened at a lower sampling frequency. Only when a suspected vortex-induced vibration characteristic frequency is detected will it switch to a higher sampling frequency for fine recording, avoiding continuous high-power sampling and significantly reducing ineffective power consumption while ensuring the capture rate of vortex-induced vibration events.

[0042] 3. Complete data recording before and after the event supports refined analysis: After confirming the vortex-induced vibration event, complete dynamic response data is recorded forward and backward for preset durations based on the time of the event. This provides complete data support for the refined time-frequency domain analysis of the initiation, development, and decay process of the vortex-induced vibration event, overcoming the limitation of existing technologies that only record data after the threshold trigger.

[0043] 4. Static and dynamic monitoring tasks are isolated from each other and do not interfere with each other: Static deflection monitoring is triggered independently by the terminal's internal clock, which is mutually exclusive with the timing of dynamic vortex vibration monitoring tasks. Dynamic monitoring tasks are not affected by external meteorological commands, and static monitoring tasks are not affected by dynamic wake-ups, ensuring the data integrity and reliability of both monitoring tasks.

[0044] 5. The on-demand power-on communication strategy further reduces power consumption: The wireless communication module is only temporarily powered on when vortex oscillation event data is reported, and automatically powered off after the data reporting is completed, avoiding the constant standby power consumption of the wireless communication module. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0046] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the internal module relationship of the intelligent monitoring terminal for bridge deflection and vortex-induced vibration triggered by external weather conditions, as described in this invention.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the intelligent monitoring method for bridge deflection and vortex-induced vibration based on external weather conditions, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an intelligent monitoring terminal for bridge deflection and vortex-induced vibration based on external weather triggering. It includes a main control and edge computing module, a static sensing module, a dynamic sensing module, a clock module, a power management module, a wireless communication module, and a low-power command receiving module. The power management module is configured to perform independent partitioned power supply and power-off control for each functional module of the monitoring terminal. The low-power command receiving module is configured to continuously listen for external weather monitoring trigger commands and wake up the main control and edge computing module via hardware interrupt. The clock module is configured to provide a unified time reference and trigger the static sensing module to perform static monitoring tasks at regular intervals. The static sensing module is used to collect static deformation data of the bridge to calculate the deflection, and the dynamic sensing module is used to collect vortex-induced vibration stress response data of the bridge.

[0050] 1. Power Zone Management (Four-Color Zone):

[0051] Standby power supply domain (green): The low-power command receiving module and clock module are continuously powered, which is the only part of the terminal that remains operational, with standby power consumption in the microwatt range.

[0052] Main control power supply domain (orange): The main control and edge computing modules are powered on by the power management module only after receiving a wake-up signal, and powered off after the monitoring task is completed.

[0053] Sensor power supply domain (blue): Static sensing module and dynamic sensing module, powered on as needed. The timing of the two modules is mutually exclusive (indicated by dashed lines) to avoid power consumption accumulation due to simultaneous operation.

[0054] Communication power supply domain (red): Wireless communication module, which is only temporarily powered on when vortex-induced vibration event data is reported, and automatically powered off after the reporting is completed.

[0055] 2. Wake-up and Workflow:

[0056] The weather station continuously collects wind environment data → the edge gateway determines whether the vortex-induced vibration meteorological triggering conditions are met → if they are met, a pre-wake-up command is broadcast.

[0057] The low-power instruction receiving module wakes up the main control module via a hardware interrupt (orange arrow).

[0058] After the main control module is woken up, the control power management module powers on the dynamic sensing module and starts two-stage eddy vibration monitoring (standby inspection → enhanced monitoring).

[0059] 3. Data Flow:

[0060] The dynamic sensing module collects vortex vibration force response data → the main control module processes and confirms the vortex vibration event → an event data packet is generated → the wireless communication module reports the data to the cloud platform.

[0061] The static sensing module is triggered periodically by the clock module to collect tilt angle data and inversely calculate deflection. After execution, it automatically powers off and returns to sleep mode.

[0062] In this embodiment, the power management module divides the monitoring terminal hardware into a standby power supply domain, a main control power supply domain, a sensor power supply domain, and a communication power supply domain. The standby power supply domain continuously powers the clock module and the low-power command receiving module. The main control power supply domain powers the main control and edge computing modules. The sensor power supply domain powers the static sensing module and the dynamic sensing module. The communication power supply domain powers the wireless communication module. The static sensing module is a high-precision dual-axis tilt sensor. The dynamic sensing module is a MEMS inertial measurement unit integrating a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope. The wireless communication module adopts LoRa or NB-IoT communication standards and is only powered on by the power management module during data transmission.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, this invention also provides a monitoring method for a bridge deflection and vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring terminal based on external weather triggering, the process of which is as follows:

[0064] Normal standby phase The monitoring terminal is in deep sleep mode, with only the low-power command receiving module and clock module continuously powered. Has a pre-wake-up command been received? Weather Triggering Phase <![CDATA[The wind speed V is collected by the weather station, and the edge gateway determines whether V≥V1]]> <![CDATA[V≥V1→broadcast pre-wake-up; V<V1→broadcast sleep]]> Awakening phase A hardware interrupt wakes up the main controller and powers on the dynamic sensing module. — Dynamic monitoring phase (two-level strategy) <![CDATA[Standby Patrol Inspection (f1 + Spectrum Analysis → Condition Triggering → Enhanced Monitoring (f2 + Event Recording)]]> Does the frequency fall within the characteristic range of vortex-induced vibration? Is a vortex-induced vibration event confirmed? Return to hibernation stage The monitoring terminal returns to deep sleep. — Static monitoring phase (independent time series) The clock triggers at regular intervals, performs deflection monitoring, and then returns to sleep mode. —

[0065] Among them, the static monitoring phase and the dynamic monitoring phase are mutually exclusive in timing and are independently triggered by the clock module, without being affected by external meteorological commands.

[0066] If the characteristic frequency of vortex vibration is not detected for a preset time in standby inspection mode, the terminal will automatically return to sleep mode to avoid unnecessary power consumption.

[0067] The wireless communication module is only temporarily powered on when vortex-induced vibration event data is reported, and is powered off immediately after the reporting is completed.

[0068] To verify the technical effectiveness of the intelligent monitoring terminal and method for bridge deflection and vortex-induced vibration based on external weather conditions of the present invention, the following specific embodiments are provided.

[0069] Take the monitoring of a prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge with a main span of 200 meters as an example.

[0070] 1. System Configuration

[0071] Weather station: Installed at the top of the bridge tower, measuring at a height of 10 meters above the bridge deck. Wind speed measurement range: 0-60 m / s, accuracy: ±0.5 m / s; wind direction measurement accuracy: ±5°.

[0072] Edge gateway: Deployed in the bridgehead equipment room, equipped with 4G backhaul and LoRa Wan gateway functions, with built-in vortex vibration judgment logic: V1 = 8m / s, V2 = 20m / s (based on the bridge wind tunnel test report).

[0073] Monitoring terminals: A total of 5 terminals are deployed, located at the mid-span, two quarter-span points, and two mid-span points on the side spans. The terminal hardware configuration is as follows:

[0074] Main controller: STMicroelectronics STM32L4 series MCU.

[0075] Inclinometer: US Digital SCP1000 biaxial inclinometer, measuring range ±15°, accuracy ±0.005°.

[0076] IMU: TDK InvenSense ICM-42688 (six-axis, low power mode).

[0077] Command reception: Semtech SX1262 LoRa chip (continuous listening mode).

[0078] Battery: Lithium thionyl chloride battery pack, capacity 19Ah.

[0079] 2. Parameter Settings and Workflow Examples

[0080] Initial settings:

[0081] The default sleep current of the monitoring terminal is ≤ 60µA.

[0082] Static monitoring task time: 03:00 AM daily.

[0083] The sampling rate f1 for dynamic monitoring standby mode is 50 Hz.

[0084] The sampling rate f2 for the dynamic monitoring enhancement mode is 200 Hz.

[0085] Vortex vibration confirmation conditions: A stable single-peak frequency (e.g., 1.5Hz ± 0.1Hz) is detected, and the vertical acceleration amplitude exceeds 0.02g for 10 consecutive cycles.

[0086] The state machine of the terminal master controller is as follows:

[0087] State 0 (Deep Sleep): Only the standby power domain is operational. Waiting for an instruction or internal timer interrupt.

[0088] State 1 (Instruction Processing): The main controller powers on and parses the instruction. If it is a pre-wake-up, it jumps to State 2; if it is a "sleep" state, it returns to State 0.

[0089] State 2 (Dynamic Monitoring Standby): The IMU powers on and samples at frequency f1 to perform fundamental spectrum analysis. If a suspected vortex-induced vibration characteristic is detected, it jumps to State 3; if a sleep command is received, it jumps to State 0.

[0090] State 3 (Enhanced Dynamic Monitoring): Increase the IMU sampling rate to f2, and initiate full recording and feature extraction. Continuously assess the situation; if the event ends or times out, transition to State 0 and report the data.

[0091] State 4 (Static Monitoring): Triggered by the internal clock, mutually exclusive with the above states. The inclinometer powers on, collects data, stores / reports it, and then returns to State 0.

[0092] A complete vortex-induced vibration event monitoring process:

[0093] Meteorological conditions triggered: On a certain day, the weather station measured a 10-minute average wind speed that consistently reached 8.5 m / s, with the wind direction perpendicular to the bridge axis. The edge gateway determined that the wind speed had entered the warning range [8, 20] m / s.

[0094] Command broadcasting and terminal wake-up: The edge gateway broadcasts a pre-wake-up command (including wind speed and wind direction information) to the entire network via LoRa WAN. After the command receiving modules of the five monitoring terminals decode the command correctly, they generate a hardware interrupt and wake up their respective main controllers.

[0095] Terminals enter standby monitoring: The main control and edge computing modules of each terminal are started, the IMU is powered on, and state 2 is entered. Sampling at 50Hz begins, and vibration energy and spectrum are calculated in real time.

[0096] Vortex-induced vibration and confirmation: Approximately 15 minutes later, the wind speed stabilized at 9.2 m / s. The mid-span terminal first detected a significant spectral peak at 1.48 Hz, with the amplitude gradually increasing. After meeting the conditions for 10 consecutive cycles, the terminal automatically upgraded to state 3, increased the sampling rate to 200 Hz, and began caching the raw data for 60 seconds before and after the event.

[0097] Data reporting and early warning: The terminal across the bridge sends the vortex-induced vibration event alarm (including frequency, amplitude, and duration) and compressed characteristic data packets to the edge gateway via LoRa. The gateway integrates the amplitude spatial distribution reported by the five terminals (maximum in the middle of the bridge, attenuating towards both ends), confirms it as first-order vertical bending vortex-induced vibration, and immediately pushes a high-level early warning to the maintenance unit's cloud platform and the variable message sign on the bridge deck.

[0098] Event End and System Reset: Approximately 50 minutes later, the wind speed dropped below 7 m / s. The edge gateway broadcast a "sleep" command. Upon receiving this command, all terminals safely shut down their IMUs and returned to deep sleep status 0. During this event, the total operating time of the terminal dynamic monitoring was approximately 65 minutes, consuming approximately 120 mAh of power.

[0099] Static monitoring operates independently: At 03:00 AM on the same day, the internal clock of each terminal is triggered, ignoring the current state (actually in sleep mode), and executing task 4 to collect and upload tilt angle data for calculating the bridge alignment for the day. It automatically returns to sleep mode upon completion.

[0100] 3. Expected Results and Advantages

[0101] Battery life: Based on the above event frequency (twice a month) and the total power consumption of static and dynamic tasks on the terminal, the theoretical battery life exceeds 5 years.

[0102] Data validity: Compared with the vibration triggering scheme, the amount of invalid data is reduced by more than 90%, and all captured vibration events are strongly correlated with wind conditions.

[0103] Warning timeliness: The delay from when the wind speed reaches the threshold to when the terminal enters the ready state is less than 10 seconds, ensuring that the initial stage of vortex-induced vibration can be captured.

[0104] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the features in the disclosed embodiments can be combined with each other in any manner. The lack of an exhaustive description of these combinations in this specification is merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A bridge vortex-induced vibration intelligent monitoring terminal based on external weather triggering, characterized in that, include: The low-power command receiving module is configured to continuously listen for external meteorological monitoring trigger commands and output a wake-up signal via a hardware interrupt after receiving the trigger command. The power management module is configured to perform independent zone power supply control for each functional module of the monitoring terminal, and to power on the specified functional module in response to the wake-up signal; The main control and edge computing module is configured to switch from deep sleep state to working state after receiving the wake-up signal, and control the dynamic sensing module to start vortex vibration monitoring; The dynamic sensing module is configured to collect vortex-induced vibration force response data of bridges; The clock module is configured to provide a unified time base; The monitoring terminal is in a deep sleep state when it does not receive the external meteorological monitoring trigger command, and only the low-power command receiving module and the clock module are powered.

2. The intelligent monitoring terminal for bridge vortex-induced vibration based on external weather triggering as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic sensing module is configured as follows: In response to the wake-up signal, the system enters the standby inspection mode at the first sampling frequency and determines whether the vibration frequency falls within the preset vortex-induced vibration frequency characteristic range of the bridge through real-time spectrum analysis. When the vibration frequency is detected to fall within the vortex vibration frequency characteristic range and last for a preset time, it automatically switches to the second sampling frequency to enter the enhanced monitoring mode. The second sampling frequency is higher than the first sampling frequency. After confirming a vortex-induced vibration event in the enhanced monitoring mode, complete dynamic response data for preset durations are recorded forward and backward based on the time of the event occurrence, forming a vortex-induced vibration event data packet.

3. The intelligent monitoring terminal for bridge vortex-induced vibration based on external weather triggering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic sensing module is a MEMS inertial measurement unit that integrates a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope; the vortex vibration event confirmation condition is: a stable single-peak vibration frequency is detected, and the vertical acceleration amplitude continuously meets the preset period.

4. The intelligent monitoring terminal for bridge vortex-induced vibration based on external weather triggering according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a wireless communication module, which adopts LoRa or NB-IoT communication standards and is powered on and started only by the power management module when vortex-induced vibration event data is reported. It automatically shuts down after the data reporting is completed.

5. A method for intelligent monitoring of bridge vortex-induced vibration based on external weather triggering, characterized in that, Using the monitoring terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4 includes the following steps: S1: The monitoring terminal is in deep sleep mode by default, with only the low-power command receiving module and the clock module being powered. The low-power command receiving module continuously listens for external weather trigger commands. S2: The meteorological station deployed on the bridge continuously collects wind environment data. The edge gateway determines whether the vortex-induced vibration meteorological triggering conditions are met based on the wind environment data. If the conditions are met, a pre-wake-up command is broadcast to the bridge area monitoring terminal. S3: After the monitoring terminal receives the pre-wake-up instruction, the low-power instruction receiving module wakes up the main control and edge computing module through a hardware interrupt, and the power management module powers on the dynamic sensing module. S4: The dynamic sensing module enters the standby inspection mode at the first sampling frequency and monitors the vibration frequency through real-time spectrum analysis. S5: When the vibration frequency is detected to fall into the preset vortex-induced vibration frequency characteristic range of the bridge and last for a preset time, the dynamic sensing module automatically switches to the second sampling frequency to enter the enhanced monitoring mode, where the second sampling frequency is higher than the first sampling frequency. S6: After confirming the vortex-induced vibration event in said enhanced monitoring mode, record complete dynamic response data of a preset duration forward and backward respectively based on the occurrence time of the event, form a vortex-induced vibration event data packet, and report it through the wireless communication module; S7: If no vibration frequency falling within said vortex-induced vibration frequency characteristic interval is detected for a continuous preset time in the standby inspection mode, said monitoring terminal automatically returns to the deep sleep state.

6. The intelligent monitoring method for bridge vortex-induced vibration based on external weather triggering as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, said wind environment data includes wind speed V, and said vortex-induced vibration meteorological trigger condition is: V≥V1, wherein V1 is a preset vortex-induced vibration critical wind speed threshold of the bridge; when V<V1, said edge gateway broadcasts a sleep instruction to the bridge area monitoring terminals, and said monitoring terminal returns to the deep sleep state after receiving said sleep instruction.

7. The intelligent monitoring method for bridge vortex-induced vibration based on external weather triggering according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vortex-induced vibration event confirmation condition in step S6 is: a stable single-peak vibration frequency is detected, and the vertical acceleration amplitude reaches the standard continuously for a preset period.

8. The intelligent monitoring method for bridge vortex-induced vibration based on external weather triggering according to claim 5, characterized in that, Said monitoring terminal further includes a static sensing module, said static sensing module is a high-precision dual-axis inclination sensor, configured to collect static deformation data of the bridge to back-calculate deflection; said method further includes a static deflection monitoring task: said clock module triggers said static sensing module to execute static monitoring at a preset time point, and automatically returns to the deep sleep state after the execution is completed; said static deflection monitoring task and said dynamic monitoring task are time-sequence mutually exclusive.

Images