A wastewater component sampling and detection device and detection process

Abstract

This invention provides a wastewater component sampling and detection device and process, relating to the field of water pollution detection technology. The wastewater component sampling and detection device includes a cylinder, an end cap, and a hammer. Multiple blades are slidably mounted on the hammer. The hammer falls in water along a rope, and the blades cause the hammer to rotate. After the hammer gradually reaches a preset speed where it no longer increases, when the hammer encounters additional resistance, its falling speed decreases, its rotational speed decreases, and the centrifugal force on the blades decreases. An elastic element causes the blades to retract inward relative to the hammer, reducing the water-facing area of ​​the blades and the resistance experienced by the hammer, thereby increasing the falling speed of the hammer and the kinetic energy upon impact with the trigger mechanism. When the hammer receives additional power, its falling speed increases, its rotational speed increases, the centrifugal force on the blades increases, and the blades overcome the elastic element to continue extending outward relative to the hammer, increasing the water-facing area of ​​the blades and the resistance experienced by the hammer, thereby reducing the falling speed of the hammer and the kinetic energy upon impact with the trigger mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water pollution detection technology, and in particular to a wastewater component sampling and detection device and process. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of environmental protection and water resource management, wastewater sampling and testing are crucial for assessing the degree of water pollution, monitoring compliance with discharge standards, and guiding the operation of wastewater treatment processes. The accuracy of the data directly impacts the formulation of pollution control plans and the assurance of water environmental safety. Currently, wastewater sampling is mainly divided into automatic and manual methods. Automatic water samplers are suitable for long-term continuous monitoring and flow-ratio sampling, automatically collecting and storing water samples according to preset time intervals or flow changes. Manual sampling, with its high flexibility and low equipment cost, is widely used for temporary testing, emergency monitoring, and precise collection of water samples at specific depths. Among manual sampling equipment, cap-type water samplers are commonly used, with two common structural forms: vertical and horizontal. Both employ a main body design with a cylinder and sealable end caps at both ends, typically made of stainless steel or transparent plexiglass. After being lowered to a predetermined depth via a rope, a weight is released to trigger the simultaneous closing of the end caps, achieving fixed-depth water sample collection. This method is suitable for various water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and sewage outlets. Horizontal water samplers use a horizontal placement structure, allowing water to flow horizontally through the cylinder during lowering, resulting in less disturbance to the water body.

[0003] However, in actual use, when the aforementioned cap-type water sampler is impacted by a fast-flowing water stream, the rope suspending the sampler may tilt and fail to maintain a vertical position. In this case, the friction between the weight and the rope increases as the weight falls, causing the weight to fall slower and lack sufficient kinetic energy to strike the trigger pin. It may even jam and fail to continue falling, thus preventing the end cap from closing and completing the water sample collection. Furthermore, the weight may be subjected to irregular water flow during its descent, resulting in abnormal acceleration and excessive kinetic energy when it strikes the trigger pin. This can easily cause mechanical damage to the water sampler, affecting its service life and sampling reliability.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a wastewater composition sampling and detection device and process to address the problems existing in current water samplers.

[0006] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions: A wastewater component sampling and detection device includes a cylindrical body and end caps at both ends of the cylindrical body. A rope and a triggering mechanism connected to the two end caps are provided on the cylindrical body. A weight is slidably mounted on the rope. Before the weight strikes the triggering mechanism, both end caps are open; when the weight strikes the triggering mechanism, both end caps are closed. The weight is a rotating body, and multiple blades are evenly distributed along its circumference on its side. The plane containing the blades is angled to a first plane, which is perpendicular to the axis of the weight. The blades are slidably connected to the weight radially. Before entering the water, the blades extend outward relative to the weight by a preset extension amount. After entering the water, the blades cause the weight to rotate circumferentially. The weight is provided with limiting members and elastic members corresponding to the blades. Before the weight reaches a preset rotational speed, the limiting members restrict the outward extension of the blades relative to the weight. After the weight reaches the preset rotational speed, the limiting members' restrictive effect on the blades disappears. The elastic members tend to cause the blades to retract inward relative to the weight and maintain a preset extension amount.

[0007] Furthermore, the limiting element is a spring clip, and the limiting element has an overlapping area with the blade in the radial direction of the counterweight.

[0008] Furthermore, the counterweight is equipped with a first adjusting component, which is used to adjust the size of the overlapping area.

[0009] Furthermore, the first adjusting member is a cylindrical outer shell coaxially sleeved on the weight, with a through hole formed on the side of the outer shell, and a limiting member extending into the through hole in the circumferential direction of the outer shell; the outer shell is provided with a first locking member, which is used to keep the outer shell and the weight relatively stationary.

[0010] Furthermore, the elastic element includes a deformation part and two clamping pieces symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blade. The distance between the clamping pieces and the blade gradually decreases from the inside to the outside in the radial direction of the counterweight. The deformation part causes the ends of the two clamping pieces away from the axis of the counterweight to tend to move closer to each other, so that the two clamping pieces clamp the blade from both sides respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the two ends of the deformable part are respectively connected to the ends of the two clamping plates near the axis of the hammer, and the middle part of the deformable part can deform.

[0012] Furthermore, the weight is provided with a second adjusting component, which is used to adjust the distance between the ends of the two clamping plates that are away from the axis of the weight.

[0013] Furthermore, the first adjusting member is a cam whose rotation center is coaxial with the weight. The outer surface of the cam contacts the inner side of the deformation part, and the cam can switch the contact position with the inner side of the deformation part when it rotates. The weight is provided with a second locking member, which is used to keep the cam and the weight relatively stationary. The outer surface of the cam has staggered protrusions and recesses in its circumferential direction. When the contact position with the inner side of the deformation part is switched from the recess to the protrusion, the distance between the ends of the two clamping pieces away from the axis of the weight increases. When the contact position with the inner side of the deformation part is switched from the protrusion to the recess, the distance between the ends of the two clamping pieces away from the axis of the weight decreases.

[0014] Furthermore, the blade is provided with a top plate, which is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the blade relative to the counterweight, and the two ends of the top plate are in contact with the inner sides of the two clamping plates respectively.

[0015] This invention also provides the following technical solutions: A wastewater component sampling and detection process includes the following steps: S01. Clean and dry the cylinder, end caps and matching water storage bottle; S02. Lower the cylinder with both end caps open to the target water depth using a rope, release the weight along the rope, and the weight strikes the trigger mechanism to make the two end caps close synchronously, and collect water samples at the target depth. S03. Raise the cylinder to the surface of the water using ropes, and transfer the water sample inside the cylinder into storage bottles. Then, fix the water sample on-site and refrigerate it according to the test indicators. S04. Transport the water sample to the laboratory for testing of the target components in the wastewater.

[0016] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) During the process of the hammer falling along the rope in the water, the blades cause the hammer to rotate circumferentially, and the limiting component restricts the blades from extending outward relative to the hammer, so that the water-facing area of ​​the blades remains constant until the weight of the hammer and the resistance it receives are balanced, and the hammer gradually reaches a preset speed that no longer increases. Afterward, when the hammer receives additional resistance, its falling speed decreases, which leads to a decrease in its rotational speed. The centrifugal force on the blades decreases, and the elastic component causes the blades to retract inward relative to the hammer to reduce the water-facing area of ​​the blades and the resistance received by the hammer, thereby increasing the falling speed of the hammer and the kinetic energy when it hits the trigger mechanism, avoiding further jamming, ensuring that the trigger end cap closes and the water sample is collected. When the hammer receives additional power, its falling speed increases, which leads to an increase in its rotational speed. The centrifugal force on the blades increases, and the blades continue to extend outward relative to the hammer to overcome the elastic component, thereby increasing the water-facing area of ​​the blades and the resistance received by the hammer, reducing the falling speed of the hammer and the kinetic energy when it hits the trigger mechanism, avoiding mechanical damage to the water sampler, and ensuring the service life and sampling reliability of the water sampler.

[0017] (2) As the hammer falls along the rope in the water, the blades cause the hammer to rotate around its circumference, which can improve the hammer's ability to resist interference from lateral water flow (undercurrent) underwater and make its falling trajectory more stable. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wastewater component sampling and detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front view; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Diagram showing the middle cover in closed position; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Side view; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view along line AA; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the counterweight; Figure 7 for Figure 6 The front view; Figure 8 for Figure 7 BB-direction sectional view; Figure 9 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the state of the middle blade extending outward relative to the counterweight; Figure 10 for Figure 9 The front view; Figure 11 for Figure 10 CC-direction sectional view; Figure 12 for Figure 6 Exploded view of the parts.

[0019] in: 101. Cylinder body; 102. End cap; 103. Rope; 104. Elastic rope; 105. Pull rope; 106. Base; 107. Tie post; 108. Central cylinder; 109. Base plate; 110. Spring; 111. Drain pipe; 200. Counterweight; 201. Blade; 202. Limiting component; 203. Elastic component; 204. Baffle; 205. Outer shell; 206. First locking component; 207. Deformation part; 208. Clamping piece; 209. Cam; 210. Second locking component; 211. Top plate; 212. Limiting post. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] The component designations used in this document, such as "first" and "second," are merely for distinguishing the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). It should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 12As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a wastewater component sampling and detection device (hereinafter referred to as the sampling and detection device), including a cylinder 101 and end caps 102 disposed at both ends of the cylinder 101. The cylinder 101 is provided with a rope 103 and a triggering mechanism connected to the two end caps 102. A weight 200 is slidably sleeved on the rope 103. Before the weight 200 strikes the triggering mechanism, both end caps 102 are open. When the weight 200 strikes the triggering mechanism, both end caps 102 are closed. The weight 200 is a rotating body, and multiple blades 201 are evenly distributed on the side of the weight 200 along its circumference. The plane where the blades 201 are located is set at an angle with a first plane, and the first plane is perpendicular to the axis of the weight 200. The blade 201 is slidably connected to the counterweight 200 along its radial direction. Before entering the water, the blade 201 extends outward relative to the counterweight 200 with a preset extension amount. After entering the water, the blade 201 causes the counterweight 200 to rotate circumferentially. The counterweight 200 is provided with a limiting member 202 and an elastic member 203 corresponding to the blade 201. Before the counterweight 200 reaches the preset rotational speed, the limiting member 202 is used to limit the blade 201 from extending outward relative to the counterweight 200. After the counterweight 200 reaches the preset rotational speed, the limiting effect of the limiting member 202 on the blade 201 disappears. The elastic member 203 is used to make the blade 201 tend to retract inward relative to the counterweight 200 and maintain the preset extension amount.

[0024] As the hammer 200 falls through the water along the rope 103, the blade 201 causes the hammer 200 to rotate circumferentially, and the limiting member 202 restricts the blade 201 from extending outward relative to the hammer 200, keeping the water-facing area of ​​the blade 201 constant until the weight of the hammer 200 is balanced by the resistance it experiences, and the hammer 200 gradually reaches a preset speed that no longer increases. Subsequently, when the hammer 200 encounters additional resistance (such as friction from the tilt of the rope 103), its falling speed decreases, resulting in a decrease in its rotational speed. The centrifugal force on the blade 201 decreases, and the elastic member 203 causes the blade 201 to retract inward relative to the hammer 200, reducing the water-facing area of ​​the blade 201 and the resistance experienced by the hammer 200, increasing the falling speed of the hammer 200 and the kinetic energy upon impact with the trigger mechanism, preventing further jamming, ensuring the trigger end cap 102 closes, and completing water sample collection. When the hammer 200 is subjected to additional force (such as downward water flow), its falling speed increases, resulting in an increase in its rotational speed. The centrifugal force on the blade 201 increases, and it continues to extend outward relative to the hammer 200, overcoming the elastic element 203. This increases the water-facing area of ​​the blade 201 and the resistance experienced by the hammer 200, thereby reducing the falling speed of the hammer 200 and the kinetic energy when it impacts the trigger mechanism. This prevents mechanical damage to the sampling and detection device and ensures the service life and sampling reliability of the sampling and detection device.

[0025] In addition, as the weight 200 falls along the rope 103 in the water, the blade 201 causes the weight 200 to rotate around its circumference and have a certain angular momentum. The direction of this angular momentum tends to remain unchanged, thus exhibiting a "fixed-axis property" similar to that of a gyroscope. This enables the weight 200 to resist interference from lateral water flow (undercurrent) underwater, making its falling trajectory more stable.

[0026] Understandably, during the period before the weight 200 falls along the rope 103 in the water and reaches the preset speed, initially, the falling speed of the weight 200 is relatively small, the weight of the weight 200 is greater than the resistance it experiences, and the acceleration of the weight 200 is relatively large. As the weight 200 continues to fall, its falling speed and the resistance it experiences continue to increase, while the acceleration gradually decreases. When the acceleration decreases to zero, the falling speed of the weight 200 no longer increases. At this point, the falling speed of the weight 200 is the preset speed (i.e., the terminal speed). Afterward, the weight 200 will continue to fall at this preset speed until it hits the trigger mechanism and causes the end cover 102 to close. In this invention, during the descent of the hammer 200 at a preset speed, when the hammer 200 encounters additional resistance and power, the retraction and extension of the blades 201 adjust the corresponding speed and kinetic energy of the hammer 200. This ensures that the hammer 200 impacts the trigger mechanism at a safe preset speed and with stable kinetic energy, thereby guaranteeing the reliability and success rate of the sampling operation, while avoiding mechanical damage to the sampling and detection device caused by excessive kinetic energy. Furthermore, before the hammer 200 enters the water, i.e., when it falls in the air, the hammer 200 will also rotate circumferentially due to the action of the blades 201. However, due to the low air resistance, the hammer 200's rotational speed is low, which also ensures the hammer 200's anti-interference ability during its descent in the air, making its descent trajectory more stable.

[0027] The sampling and detection device of this invention is horizontal, but it can also be vertical. See also... Figures 1 to 5 An elastic rope 104 is provided inside the cylinder 101, and the inner sides of the two end caps 102 are respectively connected to the two ends of the elastic rope 104. A pull rope 105 is provided on the outer side of the end caps 102. The triggering mechanism is located in the middle of the cylinder 101, and includes a base 106, a rope-tying post 107, a central cylinder 108, a base plate 109, and a spring 110. The base 106 is fixed to the cylinder 101, and the pull rope 105 is tied to the base 106. The rope-tying post 107 and the central cylinder 108 are both slidably connected to the base 106, and the sliding direction is along the radial direction of the cylinder 101. The rope-tying post 107 and the central cylinder 108 are connected through the base plate 109. The spring 110 is located between the central cylinder 108 and the base 106, and the spring 110 causes the rope-tying post 107 to tend to extend relative to the base 106. Before the hammer 200 strikes the center cylinder 108, the pull rope 105 is tied to the corresponding tie post 107, so that both end caps 102 remain open. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown. Then, the cylinder 101 is placed horizontally and lowered into the water via rope 103, allowing water to enter the cylinder 101. The weight 200 falls and strikes the central cylinder 108, compressing the spring 110. The tether post 107 retracts into the base 106 and disengages from the pull rope 105. Both end caps 102 are closed by the elastic rope 104, as shown. Figures 3 to 5 As shown, this allows for precise interception of water samples at the target depth. Additionally, the cylinder 101 is equipped with a drain pipe 111 connected to its interior, and a corresponding switch is provided to control the opening and closing of the drain pipe 111. The specific structure and working principle of the aforementioned horizontal sampling and detection device are existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0028] The first plane is the rotation plane of the weight 200. In this embodiment, the plane containing the blade 201 is set at an angle to the first plane, and the blade 201 is a planar structure. In other embodiments not shown, the blade 201 may also be a spiral or other curved surface. Any of the above-mentioned blade forms can enable the weight 200 to rotate circumferentially when falling in water, and the specific selection is not limited here.

[0029] In addition, the counterweight 200 has a receiving cavity, and the blade 201 is disposed in the receiving cavity. The side of the counterweight 200 has a side hole that communicates with the receiving cavity. The side hole is arranged radially along the counterweight 200. The blade 201 slides and is sealed to the side hole, so that the blade 201 can extend outward or retract inward relative to the counterweight 200.

[0030] The overall weight of the hammer 200 used in the sampling and detection device of this invention is greater than that of the hammer 200 in the prior art. For example, when the volume of the cylinder 101 is 2.5L, the overall weight of the hammer 200 used in the sampling and detection device of this invention can be 1.2kg to 2.0kg, preferably 1.5kg. It is made entirely of stainless steel and has a hole in the center for the rope 103 to pass through. Therefore, when the hammer 200 encounters additional resistance, it can still achieve a stable preset speed due to its greater weight and strike the central cylinder 108 of the trigger mechanism with stable kinetic energy, thereby ensuring the reliable closure of the end cap 102. At the same time, by increasing the water-facing area of ​​the blade 201 and the resistance encountered by the hammer 200, mechanical damage to the sampling and detection device due to the greater weight of the hammer 200 can be avoided.

[0031] The weight 200 is coaxially equipped with an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The outer cylinder is fixed to the weight 200, and the inner cylinder is rotatably inserted into the outer cylinder. When the weight 200 falls in the water, under the action of the blade 201, the weight 200 and the outer cylinder rotate relative to the inner cylinder, while the rope 103 is located inside the inner cylinder and the two only move relative to each other. The inner wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a smooth coating to reduce the friction between it and the rope 103.

[0032] In one embodiment, the limiting member 202 is a spring sheet, and the limiting member 202 has an overlapping area with the blade 201 in the radial direction of the counterweight 200.

[0033] Before the weight 200 reaches the preset speed, due to the existence of the aforementioned overlapping area, the limiting member 202 can restrict the blade 201 from extending outward relative to the weight 200; after the weight 200 reaches the preset speed, the centrifugal force on the blade 201 increases to a level sufficient to cause the limiting member 202 to deform and pass over the limiting member 202, so the limiting effect of the limiting member 202 on the blade 201 disappears, and the blade 201 can extend outward relative to the weight 200.

[0034] The blade 201 is provided with a baffle 204, and the limiting member 202 has an overlapping area with the baffle 204 in the radial direction of the counterweight 200. In addition, after the sampling is completed, the cylinder 101 is lifted out of the water by the rope 103, and the blade 201 can be manually reset so that the baffle 204 returns to the inside of the limiting member 202.

[0035] In other embodiments not shown, the limiting member 202 may also be a telescopic pin and a compression spring structure. The telescopic pin can slide relative to the weight 200 tangentially, and the compression spring causes the telescopic pin to tend to extend beyond the weight 200. The end of the telescopic pin has a contact slope. Before the weight 200 reaches a preset rotational speed, the end of the blade 201 contacts the contact slope, overcoming the spring force of the compression spring and causing the telescopic pin to retract inward. However, because the centrifugal force on the blade 201 is small, the contact slope of the telescopic pin can still limit the blade 201 from extending outward relative to the weight 200. After the weight 200 reaches the preset rotational speed, the centrifugal force on the blade 201 increases to a level sufficient to completely retract the telescopic pin, and the blade 201 passes over the limiting member 202. Therefore, the limiting effect of the limiting member 202 on the blade 201 disappears, and the blade 201 can extend outward relative to the weight 200.

[0036] In one embodiment, the weight 200 is provided with a first adjusting member, which is used to adjust the size of the overlapping area.

[0037] Operators can adjust the size of the overlapping area using the first adjusting component before the sampling and detection device is lowered into the water, based on requirements such as the water flow rate and sampling depth of the water area to be sampled. This adjustment controls the falling speed of the hammer 200 when the blade 201 extends outward relative to the hammer 200, i.e., the preset speed. This allows for the manual setting of the most suitable preset speed for the hammer 200 under the current sampling environment, expanding the applicability of the sampling and detection device. Specifically, a larger overlapping area requires greater resistance from the limiting component 202 when the blade 201 extends outward relative to the hammer 200, resulting in a higher preset speed. Conversely, a smaller overlapping area requires less resistance from the limiting component 202 when the blade 201 extends outward relative to the hammer 200, resulting in a lower preset speed.

[0038] In one embodiment, the first adjusting member is a cylindrical outer shell 205 coaxially sleeved on the weight 200. A through hole is formed on the side of the outer shell 205, and the limiting member 202 extends into the through hole in the circumferential direction of the outer shell 205. A first locking member 206 is provided on the outer shell 205, which is used to keep the outer shell 205 and the weight 200 relatively stationary.

[0039] The through-holes correspond one-to-one with blade 201. See also... Figure 12 The first locking element 206 is a bolt, which is threadedly connected to the outer casing 205. Loosening the first locking element 206 allows manual movement of the outer casing 205 along the axial direction of the counterweight 200 to adjust the size of the overlapping area. Then, the first locking element 206 is tightened until its end abuts against the outer surface of the counterweight 200, thus bringing the outer casing 205 and the counterweight 200 to a relatively stationary position. Furthermore, the counterweight 200 is provided with a first scale line to facilitate observation and quantification of the distance the outer casing 205 moves along the axial direction of the counterweight 200 and the amount of adjustment to the overlapping area.

[0040] In other embodiments not shown, the first adjusting member may be a lead screw and a knob, which are threadedly connected to the limiting member 202. Rotating the knob and the lead screw can drive the limiting member 202 to move tangentially along the housing 205, thereby adjusting the size of the overlapping area.

[0041] In one embodiment, the elastic member 203 includes a deformation portion 207 and two clamping pieces 208 symmetrically disposed on both sides of the blade 201. The distance between the clamping pieces 208 and the blade 201 gradually decreases from the inside to the outside in the radial direction of the counterweight 200. The deformation portion 207 causes the ends of the two clamping pieces 208 away from the axis of the counterweight 200 to tend to move closer to each other, so that the two clamping pieces 208 clamp the blade 201 from both sides respectively.

[0042] Two clamping plates 208 clamp the blade 201 from both sides, so that the blade 201 tends to retract inward relative to the counterweight 200 and remain at a preset extension amount.

[0043] In one embodiment, the two ends of the deformable part 207 are respectively connected to the ends of the two clamping pieces 208 near the axis of the counterweight 200, and the middle part of the deformable part 207 can deform.

[0044] In other embodiments not shown, the end of the clamping piece 208 near the axis of the weight 200 is movably connected to the weight 200, while the end of the clamping piece 208 away from the axis of the weight 200 is in a free state; the deformable part 207 can be a compression spring, one end of which is connected to the weight 200 and the other end is connected to the middle of the clamping piece 208, which can also make the ends of the two clamping pieces 208 away from the axis of the weight 200 tend to move closer to each other.

[0045] In one embodiment, the weight 200 is provided with a second adjusting member, which is used to adjust the distance between the ends of the two clamping pieces 208 that are away from the axis of the weight 200.

[0046] Before the sampling and testing device is lowered into the water, the operator can adjust the distance between the ends of the two clamping plates 208 away from the axis of the weight 200 by using the second adjusting component, according to the requirements such as the speed of the water flow and the sampling depth of the water area to be sampled. This adjusts the initial clamping force of the two clamping plates 208 on the blade 201, and further adjusts the ease with which the blade 201 extends outward relative to the weight 200 under the action of centrifugal force. Thus, under the current sampling environment, the operator can manually set the preset speed most suitable for the weight 200, further expanding the applicability of the sampling and testing device. Specifically, when the distance between the ends of the two clamping plates 208 that are far from the axis of the hammer 200 is greater, the initial clamping force of the two clamping plates 208 on the blade 201 is smaller, and the blade 201 is more likely to extend outward relative to the hammer 200 under the action of centrifugal force; when the distance between the ends of the two clamping plates 208 that are far from the axis of the hammer 200 is smaller, the initial clamping force of the two clamping plates 208 on the blade 201 is greater, and the blade 201 is less likely to extend outward relative to the hammer 200 under the action of centrifugal force.

[0047] In one embodiment, see Figure 8 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 The first adjusting component is a cam 209 whose rotation center is coaxial with the weight 200. The outer surface of the cam 209 contacts the inner side of the deformation part 207, and the cam 209 can switch the contact part with the inner side of the deformation part 207 when it rotates. The weight 200 is provided with a second locking component 210, which is used to keep the cam 209 and the weight 200 relatively stationary. The outer surface of the cam 209 has staggered protrusions and recesses in its circumferential direction. When the contact part with the inner side of the deformation part 207 switches from the recess to the protrusion, the distance between the ends of the two clamping pieces 208 away from the axis of the weight 200 increases. When the contact part with the inner side of the deformation part 207 switches from the protrusion to the recess, the distance between the ends of the two clamping pieces 208 away from the axis of the weight 200 decreases.

[0048] The blade 201 is provided with a top plate 211, which is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the blade 201 relative to the counterweight 200. Both ends of the top plate 211 contact the inner sides of the two clamping pieces 208, respectively. The counterweight 200 is provided with two limiting posts 212, both located between the deformable portion 207 and the top plate 211, so that the inner side of the middle part of the deformable portion 207 contacts the outer surface of the cam 209. Furthermore, when the cam 209 rotates, it can synchronously switch its contact points with the inner sides of all deformable portions 207. When the contact point with the inner side of the deformable portion 207 switches from a recessed portion to a protruding portion, the inner side of the middle part of the deformable portion 207 is subjected to an outward pressing force from the protruding portion, increasing the distance between the ends of the two clamping pieces 208 away from the axis of the counterweight 200. When the contact area with the inner side of the deformation part 207 changes from the protrusion to the recess, the outward squeezing force disappears, and under the action of the deformation part 207, the distance between the ends of the two clamping pieces 208 that are away from the axis of the counterweight 200 decreases.

[0049] The second locking element 210 is a bolt, which is threadedly connected to the counterweight 200. Loosening the second locking element 210 allows the cam 209 to be manually rotated circumferentially around the counterweight 200 to adjust the distance between the ends of the two clamping plates 208 away from the axis of the counterweight 200. Then, the second locking element 210 is tightened so that its end abuts against the end face of the cam 209, thus bringing the cam 209 and the counterweight 200 to a relative standstill. Furthermore, the counterweight 200 is provided with a second scale line and an arc-shaped groove, and the end face of the cam 209 is provided with an indicator post. The indicator post slides along the arc-shaped groove and corresponds to the scale line on the second scale line, thus facilitating observation and quantification of the angle of cam 209's circumferential movement around the counterweight 200 and the adjustment amount of the distance between the ends of the two clamping plates 208 away from the axis of the counterweight 200.

[0050] In addition, a sliding cylinder is provided at the center of the counterweight 200, and the cam 209 is sleeved on the sliding cylinder. Furthermore, the sliding cylinder can be made to have a smooth inner surface by means of machining, chemical polishing or electroplating, so that the counterweight 200 as a whole can easily rotate and slide relative to the rope 103 through the sliding cylinder.

[0051] This invention also provides a wastewater component sampling and detection process, including the following steps: S01. Clean and dry the cylinder 101, end cap 102 and matching water storage bottle. S02. Lower the cylinder 101 with both end caps 102 open to the target water depth via the rope 103. Release the hammer 200 along the rope 103. The hammer 200 strikes the triggering mechanism, causing the two end caps 102 to close synchronously and collect water samples at the target depth. S03. The cylinder 101 is lifted out of the water using rope 103, and the water sample inside the cylinder 101 is divided into water storage bottles. The water sample is then fixed and refrigerated on-site according to the test indicators. S04. Transport the water sample to the laboratory for testing of the target components in the wastewater.

[0052] This invention provides a wastewater component sampling and detection process applicable to the sampling and detection of conventional water quality indicators such as heavy metals and nutrients in various types of wastewater. The operation process strictly follows relevant environmental monitoring technical specifications. Taking the indicators to be detected as heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, and conventional nutrients such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen in wastewater as an example, in step S01, the cylinder 101, end cap 102, and matching water storage bottle are cleaned and pre-treated by soaking in a 10% nitric acid solution for more than 24 hours, then repeatedly rinsing with ultrapure water 3 to 5 times, and naturally air-drying before use. This process aims to eliminate residual metal ions and other contaminants on the surface of the above devices, avoiding interference with the detection results. In step S02, the two end caps 102 are first opened, and the pull ropes 105 on the end caps 102 are tied to the corresponding tethering posts 107, so that the inside of the cylinder 101 is in a through state. The cylinder 101 is slowly lowered to the predetermined target water depth through the rope 103. During the lowering process, the rope 103 is kept at a moderate tension to ensure that the cylinder 101 is stable after reaching the designated depth. Then, the weight 200 is released along the rope 103. The weight 200 slides down the rope 103 and hits the central cylinder 108. The spring 110 is compressed, the tethering post 107 retracts into the base 106 and disengages from the pull rope 105, and the two end caps 102 are closed under the action of the elastic rope 104, accurately intercepting the water sample at the target water depth and preventing the upper or lower water from mixing in. In step S03, the cylinder 101 is smoothly lifted out of the water using rope 103. The operator can observe the water sample status through the transparent cylinder 101. After confirming the sampling is effective, the collected water sample is slowly dispensed into a pre-cleaned storage bottle through the drain pipe 111 on the cylinder 101. During dispensing, on-site fixation treatment is carried out according to the detection indicators. The heavy metal water sample needs to be filtered through a 0.45μm microporous membrane first, and then the pH value of the water sample is adjusted to less than 2 by adding pure nitric acid. The total phosphorus and total nitrogen water samples are adjusted to less than 2 by adding sulfuric acid to inhibit microbial activity and the transformation of target components. After all water samples are dispensed, they are immediately sealed and stored in a refrigerator at 0 to 4°C in the dark to reduce changes in the composition of the water sample during transportation. In S04, refrigerated water samples are transported to the laboratory within 24 hours for quantitative analysis according to relevant analytical methods and national standards. Heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), total phosphorus is detected using potassium persulfate digestion-molybdenum antimony spectrophotometry, and total nitrogen is detected using potassium persulfate digestion-ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The accurate content of the target components in the wastewater is thus obtained. The above-described processes for sample preparation, storage, and testing are existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0053] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The outer casing 205 can be manually moved along the axial direction of the weight 200 to adjust the size of the overlapping area. The first locking element 206 keeps the outer casing 205 and the weight 200 relatively stationary, thereby adjusting the falling speed of the weight 200 when the blade 201 extends outward relative to it—that is, the preset speed. This allows for the manual setting of the most suitable preset speed for the weight 200 under the current sampling environment. Alternatively, the cam 209 can be manually rotated circumferentially around the weight 200 to adjust the distance between the ends of the two clamping plates 208 away from the axis of the weight 200. This adjusts the initial clamping force of the two clamping plates 208 on the blade 201 and further adjusts the ease with which the blade 201 extends outward relative to the weight 200 under centrifugal force, thus allowing for the manual setting of the most suitable preset speed for the weight 200 under the current sampling environment.

[0054] Clean and dry the cylinder 101, end caps 102, and matching water storage bottle; first, open the two end caps 102, and tie the pull ropes 105 on the end caps 102 to the corresponding rope posts 107, so that the inside of the cylinder 101 is open. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cylinder 101 is slowly lowered to the predetermined target water depth via rope 103. During the lowering process, rope 103 is kept at a moderate tension to ensure that the cylinder 101 is stable after reaching the designated depth. Subsequently, the weight 200 is released along rope 103. The weight 200 slides down rope 103 and strikes the central cylinder 108, compressing the spring 110. The tether post 107 retracts into the base 106 and disengages from the pull rope 105. Both end caps 102 are closed under the action of elastic rope 104. Figures 3 to 5 As shown, water samples are precisely intercepted at the target depth to prevent mixing with water from the upper or lower layers.

[0055] As the weight 200 falls along the rope 103 in the water, the blades 201 cause the weight 200 to rotate circumferentially, improving its ability to resist interference from lateral currents (undercurrents) underwater and making its descent trajectory more stable. Furthermore, the limiting member 202 restricts the blades 201 from extending outward relative to the weight 200, keeping the water-facing area of ​​the blades 201 constant until the weight of the weight 200 is balanced by the resistance it experiences, at which point the weight 200 gradually reaches a preset speed that no longer increases. Subsequently, when the weight 200 encounters additional resistance, its descent speed decreases, leading to a decrease in its rotational speed. This reduces the centrifugal force on the blades 201, and the elastic member 203 causes the blades 201 to retract inward relative to the weight 200. (See [reference needed]). Figures 6 to 8This reduces the water-facing area of ​​the blade 201 and the resistance experienced by the weight 200, increases the falling speed of the weight 200 and the kinetic energy when it impacts the trigger mechanism, prevents further jamming, and ensures that the trigger end cover 102 closes and water sample collection is completed. When the weight 200 receives additional power, its falling speed increases, leading to an increase in its rotational speed. The centrifugal force on the blade 201 increases, and it overcomes the elastic element 203 to continue extending outward relative to the weight 200. (See [reference needed]). Figures 9 to 11 This increases the water-facing area of ​​the blade 201 and the resistance experienced by the weight 200, thereby reducing the falling speed of the weight 200 and the kinetic energy when it impacts the trigger mechanism, preventing mechanical damage to the sampling and testing device, and ensuring the service life and sampling reliability of the sampling and testing device.

[0056] The cylinder 101 is smoothly lifted out of the water using rope 103. The operator can observe the water sample status through the transparent cylinder 101. After confirming that the sampling is valid, the collected water sample is slowly dispensed into a pre-cleaned storage bottle through the drain pipe 111 on the cylinder 101. The water sample is then fixed and refrigerated on-site according to the detection indicators. The water sample is then transported to the laboratory for detection of the target components in the wastewater.

[0057] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0058] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for sampling and detecting a component of sewage, characterized by, The device includes a cylindrical body and end caps at both ends of the cylindrical body. The cylindrical body is equipped with a rope and a triggering mechanism connected to the two end caps. A weight is slidably mounted on the rope. Before the weight strikes the triggering mechanism, both end caps are open; when the weight strikes the triggering mechanism, both end caps are closed. The weight is a rotating body, and multiple blades are evenly distributed along its circumference on its side. The plane containing the blades is angled to a first plane, which is perpendicular to the axis of the weight. The blades are slidably connected to the weight radially. Before entering the water, the blades extend outward relative to the weight by a preset extension amount. After entering the water, the blades cause the weight to rotate circumferentially. The weight is equipped with limiting members and elastic members corresponding to the blades. Before the weight reaches a preset rotational speed, the limiting members restrict the blades from extending outward relative to the weight. After the weight reaches the preset rotational speed, the limiting members' restrictive effect on the blades disappears. The elastic element is used to make the blade tend to retract inward relative to the counterweight and remain at a predetermined extension amount.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The limiting component is a spring clip, and the limiting component has an overlapping area with the blade in the radial direction of the counterweight.

3. The wastewater component sampling and detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The weight is equipped with a first adjusting component, which is used to adjust the size of the overlapping area.

4. The wastewater component sampling and detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first adjusting member is a cylindrical outer shell coaxially sleeved on the weight. A through hole is formed on the side of the outer shell, and a limiting member extends into the through hole in the circumferential direction of the outer shell. A first locking member is provided on the outer shell, which is used to keep the outer shell and the weight relatively stationary.

5. The wastewater component sampling and detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic element includes a deformation part and two clamping plates symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blade. The distance between the clamping plates and the blade gradually decreases from the inside to the outside in the radial direction of the counterweight. The deformation part causes the ends of the two clamping plates away from the axis of the counterweight to tend to move closer to each other, so that the two clamping plates clamp the blade from both sides respectively.

6. The wastewater component sampling and detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The two ends of the deformation section are connected to the ends of the two clamping plates near the axis of the hammer, and the middle of the deformation section can deform.

7. The wastewater component sampling and detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The weight is equipped with a second adjusting component, which is used to adjust the distance between the ends of the two clamping plates that are away from the axis of the weight.

8. The wastewater component sampling and detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first adjusting element is a cam whose rotation center is coaxial with the weight. The outer surface of the cam contacts the inner side of the deformation part, and the cam can switch the contact position with the inner side of the deformation part when it rotates. The weight is provided with a second locking element, which is used to keep the cam and the weight relatively stationary. The outer surface of the cam has staggered protrusions and recesses in its circumferential direction. When the contact position with the inner side of the deformation part is switched from the recess to the protrusion, the distance between the ends of the two clamping pieces away from the axis of the weight increases. When the contact position with the inner side of the deformation part is switched from the protrusion to the recess, the distance between the ends of the two clamping pieces away from the axis of the weight decreases.

9. The wastewater component sampling and detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The blade is equipped with a top plate, which is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the blade relative to the counterweight. The two ends of the top plate are in contact with the inner sides of the two clamping plates, respectively.

10. A wastewater component sampling and detection process, applied to the detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S01. Clean and dry the cylinder, end caps and matching water storage bottle; S02. Lower the cylinder with both end caps open to the target water depth using a rope, release the weight along the rope, and the weight strikes the trigger mechanism to make the two end caps close synchronously, and collect water samples at the target depth. S03. Raise the cylinder to the surface of the water using ropes, and transfer the water sample inside the cylinder into storage bottles. Then, fix the water sample on-site and refrigerate it according to the test indicators. S04. Transport the water sample to the laboratory for testing of the target components in the wastewater.

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