An environmental parameter collection method of an integrated mini sounding instrument

Abstract

The application discloses an environment parameter collection method of an integrated mini sounding instrument and relates to the field of gas detection, and comprises the following steps: step one, air flow capturing and rectification, air flow capturing and large-scale turbulence elimination are realized through an air inlet rectification cover arranged on a windward surface of a box; step two, air flow shunting, the rectified air flow is divided into a detection air path and a heat dissipation bypass air path, the detection air path enters a detection cavity, and the heat dissipation bypass air path enters a mounting cavity and is discharged; step three, acceleration and steady flow measurement, air flow is accelerated through an acceleration channel of a nozzle and reaches a steady state in a steady flow zone, and environment parameters are measured through a temperature and humidity sensor; step four, air pressure balance, the environmental consistency of air pressure measurement is ensured through a static pressure balance hole arranged on a side wall of the detection cavity; and step five, detection of the discharged gas; the application reduces temperature measurement error, shortens the response time of the sensor and can capture more fine vertical temperature and humidity pulsation characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention mainly relates to the technical field of gas parameter detection, specifically an environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde. Background Technology

[0002] Accurate detection of temperature, humidity, and static pressure physicochemical parameters of upper-air atmospheric gas samples is a fundamental means of atmospheric physicochemical analysis and meteorological numerical simulation; existing upper-air atmospheric gas sampling and detection processes rely on balloons carrying sampling devices to collect atmospheric media.

[0003] The measurement accuracy of existing acquisition devices is limited by the following technical problems: (1) The temperature sensors (such as thermistors and bimetallic strips) of existing devices are usually simply attached to the surface of the circuit board or semi-enclosed in the shell. During the ascent of the device, the sensor is in the turbulent area of ​​the shell wake or affected by the heat island effect of the circuit board itself. The sensor fails to contact the real external atmosphere without disturbance, resulting in a temperature measurement error of more than 0.5℃, which is close to the upper limit of the accuracy of the conventional radiosonde ±0.5℃; (2) Existing devices rely on the natural flow of air to reach the sensor surface. The airflow with an ascent speed of about 5-6m / s is not organized or rectified, and generates a lot of turbulence and vortices around the shell and circuit board, resulting in a sensor response lag. Moreover, the air samples at different times are mixed, and cannot accurately reflect the real temperature and humidity of a certain altitude layer; (3) Conventional devices lack effective rainproof and radiation protection structures. Raindrops directly hitting the sensor will cause sudden changes in humidity and a sudden drop in temperature. Direct solar radiation will cause the measured temperature to be too high. These interferences lack a systematic solution at the structural level.

[0004] In summary, how to orderly guide the outside atmosphere to the sensor detection area during rapid ascent, ensure that the sensor contacts a real, stable, and spatially representative air sample, and at the same time isolate rainwater interference and radiation effects, thereby improving measurement accuracy and response speed, has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, the purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated mini radiosonde method for acquiring environmental parameters, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An integrated mini radiosonde environmental parameter acquisition method is disclosed for detecting temperature, humidity, static pressure, and physicochemical parameters of upper-altitude atmospheric gaseous media. The method utilizes a balloon carrying a housing to collect atmospheric parameters. The housing comprises a detection chamber, a main control circuit mounting chamber, and a gas sensing component. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Airflow capture and rectification. An air intake shroud is installed on the windward side of the box to capture and eliminate large-scale turbulence of the outside air during the ascent process. Step 2: Airflow splitting. A baffle installed inside the air intake shroud splits the rectified airflow into a detection airflow and a heat dissipation bypass airflow. The detection airflow enters the detection chamber, while the heat dissipation bypass airflow enters the mounting chamber and is discharged, thus isolating the detection airflow from the heat radiation of the circuit board. Step 3: Acceleration and stabilization measurement. The airflow in the detection gas path is accelerated through the acceleration channel of the nozzle in the detection chamber and reaches a stable state in the expansion section and the subsequent stabilization zone. Environmental parameters are measured by a temperature and humidity sensor suspended at the outlet of the stabilization zone. Step 4: Pressure balancing. The external atmospheric static pressure is quickly balanced into the detection chamber through the static pressure balancing hole opened on the side wall of the detection chamber to ensure the consistency of the environment for pressure measurement. Step 5: Gas exhaust after testing: The airflow after measurement and the airflow discharged from the heat dissipation bypass air path are discharged through the exhaust grille set in the installation cavity and the testing cavity.

[0007] Specifically, in step one of this technical solution, the air intake shroud is funnel-shaped, with its inlet cross-sectional area being larger than its outlet cross-sectional area.

[0008] Specifically, in step two of this technical solution, the detection air path accounts for 25%-30% of the total airflow, and the heat dissipation bypass air path accounts for 65%-75% of the total airflow.

[0009] Specifically, in this technical solution, the first inertial separation bend is located between the air intake shroud and the detection chamber, and the second inertial separation bend is located between the air intake shroud and the mounting chamber. Both separation bends are Z-shaped channels with a turning angle ≥120°, so that the liquid water in the airflow is captured and discharged outward after impacting the outer wall of the bend due to inertia.

[0010] Specifically, in step three of this technical solution, the acceleration channel of the nozzle adopts a Laval-like configuration that first contracts and then expands. The airflow is accelerated in the contraction section, with an acceleration ratio of 1.5 to 2 times, which shortens the air replacement time in the detection chamber to less than 0.5 seconds.

[0011] Specifically, in this technical solution, the temperature and humidity sensor is suspended and positioned at the center axis of the flow stabilization zone after the nozzle expansion section via a non-metallic bracket, and the non-metallic bracket is a thin rod with a diameter ≤0.5mm.

[0012] Specifically, in this technical solution, both the nozzle and the temperature and humidity sensor are located inside the detection chamber, the main control board is installed inside the mounting chamber, and the detection chamber and the mounting chamber are sealed and isolated by the chamber wall.

[0013] Specifically, in step four of this technical solution, multiple static pressure balance holes are provided, each with a diameter ≤1mm and perpendicularly penetrating the wall of the detection cavity.

[0014] Specifically, in step five of this technical solution, the exhaust grille consists of multiple narrow holes that slope downwards and backwards at an angle of 30°–45°. Both sides of the housing are provided with longitudinally arranged guide tail fins to stabilize the orientation of the radiosonde during its ascent, ensuring that the air intake fairing maintains a 0° angle of attack against the wind.

[0015] Specifically, the housing is a foam outer packaging, and the nozzle, exhaust grille, guide tail fin, air intake fairing, partition, and two inertial separation bends are all molded from lightweight thin-walled plastic. The weight of the entire radiosonde is less than 30 grams.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the following main beneficial effects: Significantly improves measurement accuracy and response speed: By rectifying the air intake, accelerating and stabilizing the flow, and suspending the sensor, turbulence and heat island effects are eliminated, reducing the temperature measurement error from more than 0.5℃ to less than 0.2℃. The airflow acceleration structure shortens the sensor response time by more than 50%, enabling the capture of more refined vertical temperature and humidity pulsation characteristics. Effectively eliminates rainwater and radiation interference: A Z-shaped inertial separation bend is set up, which utilizes the physical property that raindrops are much denser than air. Due to inertia, raindrops cannot be turned by the airflow and are captured by impacting the outer wall of the bend and discharged outward through the guide channel. This achieves rainwater removal without power and with zero power consumption, avoiding the instantaneous impact of liquid water on humidity and temperature measurements. In addition, the foam outer packaging of the box and the internal chamber structure work together to form a physical heat insulation layer, which further weakens the heat conduction of solar radiation to the detection cavity. There is no need to use expensive high-reflectivity coatings, thus reducing costs. Ensuring aerodynamic stability during operation: Through the longitudinally arranged guide tail fins, combined with the low center of gravity design and the downward-sloping layout of the exhaust grille, the radiosonde naturally forms aerodynamic and static stability during ascent. It does not require additional power consumption attitude control components and always ascends with the air intake fairing facing the direction of the airflow and at an optimal angle of attack of 0°, ensuring the efficient operation of the air intake structure and improving the spatial representativeness and reliability of the radiosonde data. Achieving synergistic optimization of lightweight design and functional integration: All airflow structures are molded from lightweight, thin-walled plastic, resulting in minimal weight gain. This solves the problem of the sum of multiple independent sensor protective covers, rain covers, and radiation covers in traditional solutions, making the overall structure more compact and lighter, thus achieving synergistic optimization of lightweight design and functional integration. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the data acquisition method of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the orthogonal axonometric structure of the housing of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the windward side structure of the housing of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the detection cavity of the box in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the air intake fairing structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the nozzle of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the housing mounting cavity structure of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Housing; 101. Mounting cavity; 1011. Main control board; 102. Detection cavity; 1021. Static pressure balance hole; 103. Nozzle; 1031. Acceleration channel; 2. Exhaust grille; 3. Guide tail fin; 4. Inlet fairing; 401. Baffle; 402. First inertial separation bend; 403. Second inertial separation bend; 5. Temperature and humidity sensor; 501. Non-metallic bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described.

[0021] It should be noted that the housing 1 of the mini radiosonde serves only as a carrier for the atmospheric gas pretreatment and sensing detection structures.

[0022] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 7 As shown, an environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde includes the following steps: Step 1: Airflow capture and rectification. The air intake hood 4, located on the windward side of the housing 1, captures and eliminates large-scale turbulence in the outside air during the ascent. The air intake hood 4 is funnel-shaped, with an inlet cross-sectional area larger than the outlet cross-sectional area. During the ascent of the radiosonde (relative wind speed of about 5-6 m / s), the air intake hood 4 can capture a large area of ​​outside air in a "collecting" manner and perform initial sorting. Step 2: Air path diversion. The rectified airflow is divided into a detection air path and a heat dissipation bypass air path by a baffle 401 set in the air intake rectifier 4. The detection air path enters the detection chamber 102, and the heat dissipation bypass air path enters the mounting chamber 101 and is discharged to isolate the detection air path from the contamination of the circuit board heat radiation. The detection air path accounts for 25%-30% of the total airflow and enters the detection chamber 102 through the outlet of the air intake shroud 4 for the measurement of environmental parameters. The heat dissipation bypass air passage accounts for 65%-75% of the total airflow. It enters the mounting cavity 101 through another outlet of the air intake shroud 4, flows over the surface of the heat sink of the main control board 1011 in the mounting cavity 101, and is discharged through the exhaust grille 2. The core of this split design is that by using most of the airflow (65%-75%) for heat dissipation of the circuit board and only using a small portion of clean airflow (25%-30%) for measurement, the heat emitted by the circuit board is fundamentally avoided from mixing into the detection air path and causing "thermal pollution". The air intake shroud 4 is connected to the detection chamber 102 through the first inertial separation bend 402, and the air intake shroud 4 is connected to the mounting chamber 101 through the second inertial separation bend 403. Both separation bends are Z-shaped channels with a turning angle ≥120°. When the airflow containing liquid water (raindrops) flows through the inertial separation bend, the turning direction of the airflow changes drastically. The raindrops, which are much denser than air, cannot follow the airflow due to inertia and directly hit the outer wall of the inertial separation bend (i.e. the outer arc surface of the turn) and are captured. Step 3: Acceleration and Flow Stabilization Measurement. The airflow in the detection gas path is accelerated through the acceleration channel 1031 of the nozzle 103 inside the detection chamber 102, and reaches a stable state in the expansion section and subsequent flow stabilization zone. Environmental parameters are measured by the temperature and humidity sensor 5 suspended at the outlet of the flow stabilization zone. Step 4: Pressure balancing. The external atmospheric static pressure is quickly balanced into the detection chamber 102 through the static pressure balancing holes 1021 opened on the side wall of the detection chamber 102. This ensures that the environmental parameters corresponding to the pressure values ​​calculated based on GPS altitude are consistent with the pressure reference. Multiple static pressure balancing holes 1021 are provided. The diameter of each static pressure balancing hole 1021 is ≤1mm and it penetrates vertically through the wall of the detection chamber 102. Step 5, Gas Exhaust After Detection: The airflow after measurement and the airflow discharged from the heat dissipation bypass air path are discharged through the exhaust grille 2 set in the mounting cavity 101 and the detection cavity 102. Both sides of the housing 1 are provided with longitudinally arranged guide tail fins 3, which are used to stabilize the direction of the radiosonde during the ascent process and keep the air intake shroud 4 at a 0° angle of attack to the wind.

[0023] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the nozzle 103 and the temperature and humidity sensor 5 are both located inside the detection chamber 102, and the main control board 1011 is installed inside the mounting chamber 101. The detection chamber 102 and the mounting chamber 101 are sealed and isolated by the chamber wall. The acceleration channel 1031 of the nozzle 103 adopts a Laval-like configuration of first contraction and then expansion. The acceleration channel 1031 is as follows along the airflow direction: contraction section (diameter gradually decreases), throat (minimum diameter), expansion section (diameter gradually increases), and steady flow section (constant diameter). The clean gas after the liquid water is removed by the first inertial separation bend 402 enters the contraction section of the nozzle 103, and the airflow velocity gradually increases. When it reaches the throat, the airflow velocity reaches its maximum. Then it enters the expansion section, where the airflow velocity decreases slightly and tends to stabilize. Finally, when it reaches the steady flow section, a uniform laminar flow state with stable flow velocity and parallel streamlines is formed. The throat diameter is approximately 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the inlet diameter of nozzle 103. The airflow acceleration ratio in the converging section is 1.5 to 2 times, which shortens the air replacement time in the detection chamber 102 to less than 0.5 seconds, significantly improving the sensor's response speed. The temperature and humidity sensor 5 is suspended and positioned at the center axis of the flow stabilization zone after the expansion section of the nozzle 103 via a non-metallic bracket 501. The non-metallic bracket 501 is a thin rod with a diameter ≤0.5mm. One end of the non-metallic bracket 501 is fixed to the inner wall of the detection chamber 102, and the other end converges at the center axis of the detection chamber 102, thus suspending and fixing the probe of the temperature and humidity sensor 5. Furthermore, the signal lead of the temperature and humidity sensor 5 passes through the sealed lead hole on the side wall of the detection chamber 102 and connects to the main control board 1011 inside the mounting chamber 101.

[0024] Please see Figure 2 As shown, the exhaust grille 2 consists of multiple narrow, downward-sloping holes at an angle of 30°–45°. This downward-sloping design prevents the exhaust air from disturbing the airflow in the upper intake area, ensuring stable airflow in front of the intake fairing 4. The guide fin 3 is a lightweight, thin sheet with a height of 5–10 mm and a length approximately one-third the diameter of the housing 1. The guide fin 3, in conjunction with the overall low center of gravity design of the radiosonde, allows the radiosonde to naturally achieve aerodynamic and static stability during ascent, always maintaining the optimal attitude of facing the airflow direction with the intake fairing 4 at a 0° angle of attack.

[0025] Implementation Examples, Weight Reduction Plan The box 1 is a foam outer packaging. The foam outer packaging material is expandable polystyrene (EPS) or expandable polyethylene (EPE) with a density of 0.02-0.05 g / cm³. It is used to protect the internal structure and provide a heat insulation layer against external radiation. The nozzle 103, exhaust grille 2, guide tail fin 3, air intake fairing 4, partition 401, and two inertial separation bends are all molded from lightweight thin-walled plastic. The lightweight thin-walled plastic can be selected from any one of ABS, polycarbonate (PC), or polypropylene (PP) with a wall thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm. The main control board 1011 preferably uses FR-4 board material with a thickness of 1.0mm and a size of 25mm × 60mm, with a compact layout. The main control chip is a GD32L233CCT6 ARM® Cortex®-M23 core microcontroller; the navigation function is directly integrated into the main control circuit board of the radiosonde, and a lighter 3216 package patch antenna is used to replace the traditional thick ceramic antenna; The radio frequency (RF) transmitter chip used is the SI4432, which directly drives the antenna. Under well-matched antenna conditions, the SI4432 can provide a maximum transmit power of +20dBm, which meets the data downlink requirements of the mini radiosonde within its range. The regulator uses the smaller, lower power consumption TLV700 series LDO regulator in a small SOT-23-5 package, which has lower quiescent current and better load response, making it particularly suitable for portable applications with strict requirements on size, power consumption and weight. The temperature acquisition module uses the more compact MCP3421 ΔΣ type ADC. The MCP3421 integrates a 2.048V precision reference voltage source and uses an internal clock, eliminating the need for external crystal oscillators and reference voltage devices, reducing the number of external components and simplifying the circuit structure; The real-time altitude information of the radiosonde is obtained by GPS altitude inversion. In applications where flight altitude is mainly concentrated at low altitudes or where high accuracy is not required, GPS altitude inversion meets the measurement needs. By eliminating the barometric pressure sensor and its peripheral circuitry, the system structure is further simplified. It is powered by a single AAA battery (approximately 11g), and uses a TPS6120x series DC-DC boost converter to boost the battery voltage to the system operating voltage. The radiosonde weighs less than 30g, has dimensions no greater than 100mm × 50mm × 45mm, and a maximum detection altitude of no less than 3km.

[0026]

[0027] The integrated mini radiosonde is expected to weigh approximately 29g, a reduction of over 68% compared to the original system's 89g. This not only reduces the buoyancy required for balloon ascent but also significantly improves the flexibility of equipment deployment and flight safety, laying a solid foundation for subsequent mass production and platform-based applications.

[0028] The working principle of this invention is as follows: Carried into the air by a balloon, the outside atmosphere first comes into contact with the air intake shroud 4. Inside the air intake shroud 4, the airflow encounters a baffle 401, which divides the airflow into two paths: a detection air path accounting for about 25%-30% of the total flow and a heat dissipation bypass air path accounting for about 65%-75% of the total flow. The detection air path enters the first inertial separation bend 402 through the outlet of the air intake shroud 4. After removing liquid water, the clean gas then enters the nozzle 103 in the detection chamber 102. After being accelerated by the acceleration channel 1031, it finally forms a laminar flow with uniform flow velocity and stable flow pattern in the steady flow section. The temperature and humidity sensor 5 suspended on the central axis of the steady flow zone can accurately measure the temperature and humidity parameters. The heat dissipation bypass air passage removes liquid water through the second inertial separation bend 403 and enters the mounting cavity 101. It flows over the surface of the main control board 1011 and carries away the heat generated by the circuit board. Then, together with the airflow after the test is completed, it is discharged from the housing 1 through the downwardly arranged exhaust grille 2. The longitudinally arranged guide tail fins 3, in conjunction with the low center of gravity design of the whole machine, enable the radiosonde to naturally form aerodynamic and static stability during the ascent, ensuring that the air intake shroud 4 always faces the direction of the airflow at a 0° angle of attack. Thus, the radiosonde achieves high-precision environmental parameter acquisition under the condition that the entire instrument weighs less than 30 grams, by capturing, rectifying, splitting, removing water, accelerating, stabilizing, measuring and draining the outside atmosphere.

[0029] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, these specific embodiments are merely explanations of the invention and are not intended to limit it. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions, and variations to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such modifications, substitutions, and variations are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated mini radiosonde environmental parameter acquisition method for detecting temperature, humidity, static pressure, and physicochemical parameters of upper-altitude atmospheric gaseous media, using a balloon carrying a housing (1) to complete atmospheric medium acquisition, wherein the housing (1) includes a detection chamber (102), a main control circuit mounting chamber (101), and a gas sensing component, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Airflow capture and rectification. By using the air intake hood (4) set on the windward side of the box (1), the external atmosphere during the rising process is captured and large-scale turbulence is eliminated. Step 2: Air path diversion. The rectified airflow is divided into a detection air path and a heat dissipation bypass air path by a baffle (401) set in the air intake rectifier (4). The detection air path enters the detection chamber (102), and the heat dissipation bypass air path enters the mounting chamber (101) and is discharged to isolate the contamination of the detection air path by the heat radiation of the circuit board. Step 3, acceleration and steady flow measurement: the airflow in the detection air path is accelerated through the acceleration channel (1031) of the nozzle (103) in the detection chamber (102), and reaches a stable state in the expansion section and the subsequent steady flow zone. The environmental parameters are measured by the temperature and humidity sensor (5) suspended at the outlet of the steady flow zone. Step 4: Pressure balancing. The static pressure of the outside atmosphere is quickly balanced into the detection chamber (102) through the static pressure balancing hole (1021) on the side wall of the detection chamber (102) to ensure the consistency of the environment for pressure measurement. Step 5, Gas discharge after detection: The gas flow after measurement and the gas flow discharged from the heat dissipation bypass are discharged through the exhaust grille (2) set in the installation cavity (101) and the detection cavity (102).

2. The environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the air intake shroud (4) is flared, and its inlet cross-sectional area is larger than its outlet cross-sectional area.

3. The environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the detection air path accounts for 25%-30% of the total airflow, and the heat dissipation bypass air path accounts for 65%-75% of the total airflow.

4. The environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air intake shroud (4) is connected to the detection chamber (102) through a first inertial separation bend (402), and the air intake shroud (4) is connected to the installation chamber (101) through a second inertial separation bend (403). Both separation bends are Z-shaped channels with a turning angle ≥120°, so that the liquid water in the airflow is captured and discharged outward after impacting the outer wall of the bend due to inertia.

5. The environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the acceleration channel (1031) of the nozzle (103) adopts a Laval-like configuration that first contracts and then expands. The airflow is accelerated in the contraction section, with an acceleration ratio of 1.5 to 2 times, which shortens the air replacement time in the detection chamber (102) to less than 0.5 seconds.

6. The environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde according to claim 5, characterized in that, The temperature and humidity sensor (5) is suspended and positioned at the center axis of the flow stabilization zone after the expansion section of the nozzle (103) by a non-metallic bracket (501), which is a thin rod with a diameter ≤0.5mm.

7. The environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde according to claim 6, characterized in that, The nozzle (103) and the temperature and humidity sensor (5) are both located inside the detection chamber (102). The main control board (1011) is installed inside the mounting chamber (101). The detection chamber (102) and the mounting chamber (101) are sealed and isolated by the chamber wall.

8. The environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, multiple static pressure balance holes (1021) are provided, each of which has a diameter of ≤1mm and vertically penetrates the wall of the detection cavity (102).

9. The environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, the exhaust grille (2) consists of multiple narrow holes that tilt downwards and backwards at an angle of 30°–45°. Both sides of the housing (1) are provided with longitudinally arranged guide tail wings (3) to stabilize the orientation of the radiosonde during its ascent and to keep the air intake fairing (4) at a 0° angle of attack.

10. The environmental parameter acquisition method for an integrated mini radiosonde according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (1) is a foam outer packaging. The nozzle (103), exhaust grille (2), guide tail fin (3), air intake fairing (4), partition (401) and two inertial separation bends are all made of lightweight thin-walled plastic molding. The weight of the entire radiosonde is less than 30 grams.

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