A remote communication module connecting device and implementation method

Abstract

The application discloses a remote communication module connecting device and an implementation method, and relates to the field of network communication. The remote communication module connecting device comprises a test connector, a universal serial bus, a bus converter and a compatible communication bus. The test connector is used for converting universal serial bus protocol data of a power terminal into compatible interface signal data adapted to a remote communication module. The first end of the universal serial bus is connected to the test connector, and the second end of the universal serial bus is connected to the bus converter. The first end of the bus converter is connected to the first end of the universal serial bus, and the second end of the bus converter is connected to the first end of the compatible communication bus. The second end of the compatible communication bus is connected to a compatible interface. The bus converter is configured to convert the universal serial bus protocol data from the test connector into the compatible interface signal data adapted to the remote communication module, and the transmission rate of the compatible interface signal data is lower than that of the universal serial bus protocol data. In the foregoing manner, the application can improve the anti-signal interference capability of the universal serial bus in the circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of data communication, and in particular to a remote communication module connection device and implementation method. Background Technology

[0002] Because the power terminals and modules are located on different circuit boards and connected via pin headers and sockets, the Universal Serial Bus (USB) traces are relatively long. USB, characterized by high speed and low voltage, is highly susceptible to electrical fast transient (EFT) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) interference, leading to communication failures and offline events. Existing technologies often employ direct connection via the microcontroller's built-in interface with a few added protection devices. However, due to differences in terminal hardware design and RF layout limitations, the internal traces of the modules are long and struggle to meet impedance matching requirements, resulting in weak anti-interference performance. This leads to inconsistent EFT and ESD test results for the same module across different manufacturers' terminals, making it difficult to meet standards. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a remote communication module connection device and implementation method to solve the problem of severe signal interference caused by long-distance routing of universal serial buses.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted in this application is: providing a remote communication module connection device, comprising: a test connector, the test connector being used to convert Universal Serial Bus Protocol (USB) data from a power terminal into compatible interface signal data adapted to the remote communication module; a USB, a first end of which is connected to the test connector, and a second end of which is connected to a bus converter; a bus converter, a first end of which is connected to the first end of the USB, and a second end of which is connected to the first end of the compatible communication bus; and a compatible communication bus, a second end of which is connected to the compatible interface; wherein the bus converter is configured to convert USB protocol data from the test connector into compatible interface signal data adapted to the remote communication module, and the transmission rate of the compatible interface signal data is lower than that of the USB protocol data.

[0005] In some embodiments, the bus converter is attached to the test connector, and the trace distance of the universal serial bus is less than a preset threshold.

[0006] In some embodiments, the bus converter includes a signal conditioning circuit connected between a second terminal of the universal serial bus and a first terminal of the bus converter, and configured to filter and level-adjust the compatible interface signal data.

[0007] In some embodiments, the bus converter further includes multiple types of universal serial bus conversion chips; The bus converter is also configured to dynamically select and invoke a Universal Serial Bus (USB) conversion chip based on the transmission quality of the USB protocol data, so as to convert the USB protocol data into compatible interface signal data of the type corresponding to the USB conversion chip.

[0008] In some embodiments, the bus converter further includes a mode selection control interface; the mode selection control interface is configured to receive a mode selection instruction to switch the transmission protocol of the compatible interface signal data between a Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter mode and a Serial Peripheral Interface mode.

[0009] In some embodiments, the bus converter is further configured to adaptively reduce the transmission rate of the compatible interface signal data based on bit error rate or signal quality parameters.

[0010] In some embodiments, the compatible interface supports at least the following interface types: Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter Interface, Serial Peripheral Interface, and Secure Digital Input / Output Interface.

[0011] In some embodiments, the bus converter also integrates a transient voltage suppressor array; the transient voltage suppressor array is configured to clamp voltage spikes during electrical fast transient burst testing to protect back-end circuitry from overvoltage surges.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted in this application is: providing a method for implementing a remote communication module connection device, for use in the remote communication module connection device as described above, including: configuring the bus converter to convert universal serial bus protocol data into compatible interface signal data; transmitting the compatible interface signal data to the compatible interface via the compatible communication bus; monitoring the transmission status of the compatible interface signal data, and dynamically adjusting the conversion parameters of the bus converter in response to the presence of abnormal transmission status or external interference signals.

[0013] In some embodiments, dynamically adjusting the conversion parameters of the bus converter when an abnormal transmission status or external interference signal is detected includes: if the bit error rate or signal noise level exceeds a preset interference threshold, instructing the bus converter to enable an anti-interference mode, wherein the anti-interference mode includes reducing the transmission rate, enabling parity checking, or enhancing the drive strength.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: Unlike existing technologies, this application discloses a remote communication module connection device and its implementation method. A test connector is used to convert the Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol data of the power terminal into compatible interface signal data adapted to the remote communication module. The first end of the USB is connected to the test connector, and the second end is connected to a bus converter. The USB is only used to connect the test connector and the bus converter, and the converter is placed close to the connector to minimize the transmission distance of the high-frequency, low-amplitude USB signal on the circuit board, reducing its chance of acting as an antenna and coupling external electromagnetic interference. The first end of the bus converter is connected to the first end of the USB, and the second end is connected to the first end of the compatible communication bus. The second end of the compatible communication bus is connected to a compatible interface. The bus converter converts high-speed USB protocol data into low-speed compatible interface signal data such as Universal Asynchronous Transceiver (UART) or serial peripheral interfaces. Utilizing the narrow bandwidth and long symbol period of low-speed signals, it avoids the high-frequency band where electrical fast transient / burst interference is concentrated, and the low-speed signal is less prone to flipping due to transient interference, thus improving transmission stability. The bus converter is configured to convert Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol data from the test connector into compatible interface signal data that is compatible with the remote communication module. The transmission rate of the compatible interface signal data is lower than that of the USB protocol data. This allows the communication bus to transmit low-speed signals to the compatible interface. The principle behind this is that low-speed signals have lower requirements for line impedance matching and higher noise immunity thresholds, effectively adapting to remote communication modules from different manufacturers and solving the problem of inconsistent testing caused by the weak anti-interference capability of the internal USB interface of the module. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the remote communication module connection device provided in this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the remote communication module connection device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in the embodiments of this application are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0018] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0019] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the remote communication module connection device provided in this application. The remote communication module connection device includes: Test connectors are used to convert universal serial bus protocol data from power terminals into compatible interface signal data that is adapted to remote communication modules.

[0020] The test connector is the interface component that enables physical connection and data exchange between the remote communication module and the external power terminal. The test connector is used to convert the power terminal's Universal Serial Bus protocol data into compatible interface signal data adapted to the remote communication module.

[0021] In one specific embodiment, the test connector can be a standard pin header / female header connector, such as a dual-row pin header with a 2.54 mm pitch. This test connector is fixed to the edge of the printed circuit board of the remote communication module, and its pins are connected to conductive lines on the printed circuit board by soldering.

[0022] When the power terminal is connected to the remote communication module, the socket on the power terminal side is plugged into the test connector to establish a physical connection. Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol data transmitted by the power terminal enters the remote communication module through this test connector. The test connector's function extends beyond physical connection; due to its close cooperation with the bus converter, it also constitutes the starting point for high-speed USB signal transmission, determining the initial quality of the signal after it enters the remote communication module.

[0023] The design of test connectors needs to consider factors such as low contact resistance and good high-frequency characteristics in order to reduce signal loss and reflection at the connection point.

[0024] The Universal Serial Bus (USB) has a test connector at one end and a bus converter at the other.

[0025] The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is the transmission medium connecting the test connector and the bus converter, used to carry high-speed USB protocol data. The first end of the USB connects to the test connector, and the second end connects to the bus converter. USB uses differential signal transmission, including positive and negative data lines.

[0026] In traditional designs, the Universal Serial Bus (USB) often requires long traces from the microcontroller pins to the connector. In this invention, however, the USB exists only between the test connector and the bus converter. This design significantly reduces the length of high-speed signal traces on the USB.

[0027] In one specific embodiment, the trace length of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) is controlled to within 5 cm. When routing the USB on a printed circuit board, the differential impedance needs to be strictly controlled, typically within a range of 90 ohms ± 10%, while ensuring that the lengths of the two differential lines are strictly equal to reduce skewness.

[0028] By shortening the trace distance of the Universal Serial Bus (USB), the effective area of ​​the signal lines as receiving interference antennas is reduced, lowering the probability of electrical fast transient / burst interference coupling onto the signal lines. Simultaneously, shorter transmission distances also reduce signal attenuation and reflection, ensuring that the USB signal still maintains a high signal-to-noise ratio and a complete waveform when it reaches the bus converter.

[0029] The bus converter has its first end connected to the first end of a universal serial bus and its second end connected to the first end of a compatible communication bus.

[0030] The bus converter is used to perform protocol conversion and signal conditioning. The first end of the bus converter connects to the first end of a Universal Serial Bus (USB), and the second end connects to the first end of a compatible communication bus. The bus converter is configured to convert USB protocol data from the test connector into compatible interface signal data adapted to the remote communication module, wherein the transmission rate of the compatible interface signal data is lower than that of the USB protocol data.

[0031] Bus converters use hardware circuitry to perform protocol parsing and re-encapsulation, decoding differential signals conforming to the Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol specification into parallel or serial data, and then re-encoding them according to the protocol format of the compatible interface. Because compatible interfaces such as Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART), Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPIs), or Secure Digital Input / Output (SDI) interfaces typically have much lower transmission rates than the USB. For example, the full-speed USB is 12 megabits per second, while UARTs are typically configured at 115,200 baud or 921,600 baud, the converted signal has lower frequency components.

[0032] According to electromagnetic compatibility theory, low-frequency signals have weaker radiated emissions and are more easily suppressed by filtering circuits. Furthermore, low-frequency signals are less sensitive to parasitic parameters on transmission lines, resulting in stronger anti-interference capabilities. Bus converters utilize the data rate reduction caused by protocol conversion, improving the electromagnetic compatibility of the communication link without affecting overall communication efficiency.

[0033] It is compatible with communication buses, and the second end of the compatible communication bus is connected to a compatible interface.

[0034] The bus converter is configured to convert Universal Serial Bus Protocol (USB) data from the test connector into compatible interface signal data adapted to the remote communication module, wherein the transmission rate of the compatible interface signal data is lower than that of the USB data.

[0035] Optionally, the bus converter is mounted on the test connector, and the trace distance of the universal serial bus is less than a preset threshold.

[0036] In one specific embodiment, the bus converter uses a surface-mount packaged chip that is directly soldered to the top layer of the printed circuit board near the test connector pads, with a center-to-center distance of less than 10 mm between them.

[0037] This mounting method allows the Universal Serial Bus (USB) signal lines from the test connector to enter the bus converter with almost no delay, minimizing the USB trace distance to negligible levels.

[0038] The preset threshold is set according to the specific Universal Serial Bus (USB) speed and the dielectric constant of the printed circuit board. For example, for a full-speed USB, the preset threshold can be set to 20 mm.

[0039] By attaching a bus converter to the test connector, instantaneous conversion of high-speed UPS signals is achieved, cutting off the path of interference sources coupling to the UPS signals. Any electrical fast transient / burst interference induced through the connector is converted into a low-speed signal with strong anti-interference capabilities before it can damage long-distance transmission lines, thereby greatly improving the reliability of the system.

[0040] Optionally, the bus converter includes a signal conditioning circuit connected between the second end of the universal serial bus and the first end of the bus converter, and configured to filter and level-adjust compatible interface signal data.

[0041] The signal conditioning circuitry is used to further purify the signal and match the level standard. In one specific embodiment, the signal conditioning circuitry includes an RC low-pass filter consisting of resistors and capacitors connected to the differential lines of a Universal Serial Bus.

[0042] The cutoff frequency of this low-pass filter is set slightly higher than the highest fundamental frequency of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) signal. For example, for a full-speed USB, the fundamental frequency is 6 MHz, and the filter cutoff frequency can be set to 10 MHz. The low-pass filter effectively filters out high-frequency noise spikes generated by electrical fast transient bursts (EFTs), whose frequencies are typically between tens and hundreds of MHz, much higher than the USB signal frequency.

[0043] In one alternative embodiment, the signal conditioning circuit further includes a level conversion circuit.

[0044] Since the logic level of the universal serial bus of the power terminal may be inconsistent with the I / O port level of the microcontroller inside the remote communication module, for example, the power terminal uses a 3.3V logic level while the remote communication module requires a 1.8V logic level, the signal conditioning circuit adjusts the signal voltage to a compatible range through an integrated level conversion chip or a voltage divider resistor network to ensure that the signal can be correctly recognized by the back-end circuit.

[0045] By filtering and adjusting the levels of the compatible interface signal data, the signal conditioning circuit eliminates common-mode interference and differential-mode noise, improves the signal edge quality, and ensures the stable operation of the bus converter.

[0046] Optionally, the bus converter also includes various types of Universal Serial Bus (USB) conversion chips. The bus converter is also configured to dynamically select the appropriate USB conversion chip based on the transmission quality of the USB protocol data, to convert the USB protocol data into compatible interface signal data of the corresponding type of the USB conversion chip.

[0047] To adapt to different application scenarios and interference environments, bus converters integrate various types of conversion chips, such as Universal Serial Bus to Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UCAS) chips, UCAS to Serial Peripheral Interface (SPEI) chips, and UCAS to Secure Digital Input / Output (SDI) chips. Each of these chips has its own characteristics and advantages.

[0048] For example, Universal Serial Bus to Universal Asynchronous Transceiver (UHT) chips have a simple structure and the strongest anti-interference capability, but their transmission rate is relatively low; Universal Serial Bus to Serial Peripheral Interface (UPI) chips have a higher transmission rate, but their synchronization clock is easily affected by interference.

[0049] The bus converter incorporates a quality monitoring module that monitors the transmission quality of Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol data in real time, for example, by calculating the bit error rate, detecting signal jitter, or monitoring the frame error rate. In one specific embodiment, when the bit error rate is detected to be below a preset good threshold, the system selects a USB-to-serial peripheral interface chip to obtain a higher transmission rate to meet the needs of large data transmission. When the bit error rate is detected to be above the preset good threshold but below the warning threshold, or when strong external interference is detected, the system automatically switches to a USB-to-Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UAR) chip, utilizing the asynchronous characteristics and lower data rate of the UAR to resist interference and ensure communication reliability.

[0050] Through a dynamic selection mechanism, the remote communication module can adaptively adjust its working mode in different electromagnetic environments, always maintaining the best communication state.

[0051] Optionally, the bus converter also includes a mode selection control interface. The mode selection control interface is configured to receive mode selection commands to switch the transmission protocol of compatible interface signal data between Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART) mode and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPEI) mode.

[0052] The mode selection control interface provides users or upper-level software with flexible configuration options. This interface can be a few dedicated general-purpose input / output pins, or it can be configured via a specific protocol.

[0053] In one specific embodiment, the mode selection control interface includes two pins, which can select four different operating modes by combining high and low levels. For example, when both pins are low, the Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART) mode is selected; when the first pin is high and the second pin is low, the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) mode is selected.

[0054] Users can send mode selection commands through the power terminal according to the application scenario of the remote communication module and the type of external device connected. After the command is parsed, it is passed to the mode selection control interface, thereby controlling the internal logic circuit of the bus converter to switch the data channel and change the transmission protocol of the compatible interface signal data.

[0055] The mode selection control interface enables the same remote communication module connection device to be adapted to remote communication modules with different interface types, improving the device's versatility and compatibility.

[0056] For example, in some older terminals, the remote communication module only supports Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UAR), and users can switch the device to UAR mode through the mode selection control interface; while in new high-performance terminals, the remote communication module supports serial peripheral interface, and users can switch to serial peripheral interface mode to improve communication speed.

[0057] Optionally, the bus converter is also configured to adaptively reduce the transmission rate of compatible interface signal data based on bit error rate or signal quality parameters.

[0058] In communication theory, transmission rate and interference resistance are generally inversely proportional. The higher the transmission rate, the shorter the symbol period, the lower the energy of each symbol, and the more susceptible it is to noise interference, leading to misjudgment.

[0059] When the bus converter detects an increase in the bit error rate or a decrease in signal quality parameters such as the signal-to-noise ratio, it indicates a deteriorating channel environment. In this case, the bus converter adaptively reduces the transmission rate of the compatible interface signal data.

[0060] In one specific embodiment, the bus converter, which originally operated at a baud rate of 921,600 baud on a universal asynchronous transceiver (UART), automatically downgraded the baud rate to 115,200 baud when the bit error rate (BER) exceeded 0.1%. The reduced rate lengthened the symbol period, giving the receiver more time to integrate and decide on the signal, thus significantly reducing the BER.

[0061] Meanwhile, the narrower spectral bandwidth of low-rate signals avoids frequency bands with concentrated high-frequency interference, further improving communication stability. This adaptive rate adjustment process is transparent to upper-layer applications, requires no manual intervention, and can respond to channel changes in real time, ensuring that the communication link remains connected even in harsh environments.

[0062] Optionally, the compatible interface supports at least the following interface types: Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter Interface, Serial Peripheral Interface, and Secure Digital Input / Output Interface.

[0063] The compatibility interface is the physical interface through which the bus converter connects to the remote communication module.

[0064] The Universal Asynchronous Transceiver Interface (UART) is an interface based on asynchronous serial communication. It only requires two wires to achieve full-duplex communication and has the advantages of simple wiring and strong anti-interference ability, making it very suitable for long-distance transmission or environments with strong interference.

[0065] The serial peripheral interface is a synchronous serial peripheral interface that adopts a master-slave mode. It features high transmission speed and simple protocol, making it suitable for scenarios with high speed requirements.

[0066] A Secure Digital Input / Output (SDI) interface is an interface used in Secure Digital Cards (SDCs). It features separate data and command lines, supports multi-channel data transmission, and offers high bandwidth.

[0067] In one specific embodiment, the compatible interface is designed as a multi-functional connector that reuses the pin definitions of the aforementioned interface. The remote communication module selects the corresponding pins for connection based on its own interface configuration.

[0068] By supporting multiple interface types, this remote communication module connection device can be widely adapted to various types of remote communication modules on the market, eliminating communication barriers caused by interface type mismatch, and has strong practicality.

[0069] Optionally, the bus converter also integrates a transient voltage suppressor array. The transient voltage suppressor array is configured to clamp voltage spikes during electrical fast transient burst testing to protect the back-end circuitry from overvoltage surges.

[0070] A transient voltage suppressor array is a protective device specifically designed to suppress transient high voltages. When voltage spikes generated by electrical fast transient (EFT) pulses are conducted to a Universal Serial Bus (USB) line, the voltage spikes instantaneously. Without protection, this high voltage can directly damage the input stage circuitry of the bus converter or the back-end microcontroller unit. The transient voltage suppressor array is connected in parallel between the USB signal line and ground, or between the signal line and the power line.

[0071] In one specific embodiment, the transient voltage suppressor array employs bidirectional transient voltage suppressor diodes with a breakdown voltage slightly higher than the normal operating voltage of the Universal Serial Bus (USB). Under normal operating conditions, the transient voltage suppressor exhibits high impedance and has no effect on the circuit. Once the voltage on the line exceeds the breakdown voltage, the transient voltage suppressor rapidly conducts, its impedance instantly dropping to an extremely low level, clamping the voltage spike within a safe range, for example, clamping a 5-volt spike to approximately 3.6 volts, while simultaneously absorbing a large amount of surge current. This clamping effect lasts for an extremely short time, effectively handling high-frequency pulses from electrical fast transient (EFT) pulse groups and preventing damage to sensitive downstream microelectronic components.

[0072] Transient voltage suppressor arrays greatly improve the equipment's survivability under high-voltage transient interference such as lightning strikes and switching operations.

[0073] Optionally, the bus converter further includes a differential transmission unit configured to convert the compatible interface signal data into a differential signal form and transmit it to the compatible interface via a differential pair.

[0074] In power communication field operations, the wiring environment of remote communication modules on the backplane is complex, often containing various high-frequency noise sources. Although bus converters transform high-speed universal serial bus signals into low-speed compatible interface signals, reducing the signal frequency, single-ended signals are still susceptible to common-mode noise if the compatible communication bus traces are long or cross areas with strong interference, causing signal level shifts and bit errors. The introduction of differential transmission units is precisely to solve this physical layer transmission problem.

[0075] First, the protocol processing core inside the bus converter performs the initial conversion of Universal Serial Bus protocol data into compatible interface signal data, generating the initial compatible interface signal. This initial signal is typically a single-ended signal, i.e., a voltage signal referenced to ground. This single-ended signal is transmitted to the input of the differential transmission unit.

[0076] Secondly, the differential transmission unit integrates a differential driver chip or a differential signal generation circuit built using programmable logic devices. Upon receiving signal data from a single-ended compatible interface, the differential transmission unit converts the single signal into two signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase through an internal inverter or differential amplifier. These two signals are referred to as the positive-phase signal and the negative-phase signal, respectively. In a specific embodiment, if the input single-ended signal is high, the output positive-phase signal of the differential transmission unit remains high, while the negative-phase signal flips to low; if the input is low, the positive-phase signal is low, and the negative-phase signal is high. This phase-flipping process must maintain extremely high synchronization to ensure the alignment accuracy of the two signals on the time axis.

[0077] Finally, the converted positive and negative signals are output through differential pairs. A differential pair refers to two parallel wires with strictly identical physical characteristics and electrical parameters. The differential transmission unit transmits the signal to the compatible interface through these two lines. During the printed circuit board design phase of the remote communication module, these two lines require differential routing design, with strict control over line width, line spacing, and layer stack-up to ensure the continuity of differential impedance. Typically, the differential impedance is controlled within a range of ±10% of 90 ohms to match the input impedance of the receiver and reduce signal reflection.

[0078] In traditional single-ended transmission, the signal voltage is calculated relative to the ground plane. When there is electrical fast transient / burst interference, noise current can enter the signal line through electromagnetic coupling, or ground plane fluctuations can occur, causing distortion of the signal voltage received at the receiver—that is, the signal voltage plus the noise voltage. Because the amplitude of single-ended signals is low, the noise voltage can easily overwhelm or distort the true signal, leading to misinterpretation.

[0079] With differential transmission, the receiver's compatible interface reads the voltage difference between the two lines through the differential receiver, which is the positive phase signal voltage minus the negative phase signal voltage. When external electromagnetic interference, such as electrostatic discharge or electrical fast transient bursts, acts on the transmission line, noise usually couples simultaneously to the two closely spaced differential lines, with almost identical amplitude and phase; this noise is called common-mode noise. During the subtraction operation at the differential receiver, the common-mode noise cancels out, and the positive phase signal minus the negative phase signal restores exactly twice the amplitude of the single-ended signal, thus filtering out the interference. This gives the system extremely strong anti-interference capabilities in harsh industrial environments.

[0080] Optionally, the bus converter further includes a metal shield that covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the bus converter and maintains a potential connection with the metal housing or internal metal components of the remote communication module.

[0081] A metal shield is a physical protective structure placed outside the bus converter to create a closed or semi-closed conductive space, i.e., a Faraday cage, to isolate external electromagnetic interference. As an active device, the bus converter contains high-speed digital circuitry and a crystal oscillator, making it susceptible to external electrostatic discharge and radio frequency fields, and it may also radiate noise. The metal shield provides a final, solid line of defense.

[0082] A metal shield covers at least part of the outer surface of the bus converter. Physically, the metal shield is typically a rectangular box structure stamped from metal, with a top wall and multiple side walls. Considering conductivity, thermal conductivity, and manufacturing processes, materials such as tin-plated steel, nickel-silver alloy, or aluminum alloy are commonly chosen.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, a tin-plated steel sheet with a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm is used, which ensures sufficient mechanical strength while providing good electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and weldability. The surface of the metal shield is typically tin-plated or nickel-plated to prevent oxidation and ensure solderability during welding.

[0084] The metal shielding cover must be mounted flush against the bus converter chip. During the printed circuit board design, a ring of grounded pads is placed around the bus converter chip and its surrounding decoupling capacitors and other critical components. The edges of the metal shielding cover are soldered to these grounded pads using a reflow soldering process, thus firmly fixing it to the printed circuit board and forming a shielding cavity that encloses the bus converter. This structure effectively blocks electromagnetic waves from penetrating from all directions.

[0085] During electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing, high-voltage electrostatic charges seek a low-impedance path to dissipate. Without a metal shield, the sparks generated by ESD could directly puncture the bus converter chip's package or enter the internal circuitry through the chip's pins, causing insulation breakdown, latch-up effects, or even permanent damage. The presence of a metal shield ensures that the discharge point first contacts the metal casing.

[0086] Because metal is a good conductor, electrostatic charges are rapidly guided to the surface of the metal shield and flow to the ground along the equipotential bonding path. Throughout the discharge process, the electric field strength inside the metal shield is zero, protecting the sensitive bus converter circuitry within from high-voltage electric fields and transient high currents. Simultaneously, the metal shield can absorb the radiated energy generated by electrical fast transient pulses, preventing them from penetrating the shield and interfering with the chip's internal logic.

[0087] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the remote communication module connection device implementation method provided in this application. The implementation method of the remote communication module connection device is used in the above-mentioned remote communication module connection device and includes the following steps: 10: Configure the bus converter to convert Universal Serial Bus protocol data into compatible interface signal data.

[0088] After the remote communication module is powered on or reset, the system first needs to configure the bus converter. The configuration process includes setting the bus converter's operating mode, selecting the conversion chip type, and setting communication parameters. In one specific embodiment, the power terminal acts as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) host, sending configuration commands to the remote communication module via the USB.

[0089] After receiving the command, the bus converter parses the parameters, such as the target interface type being a universal asynchronous transceiver, the baud rate being 115200, the data bits being 8 bits, the stop bits being 1 bit, and the absence of parity.

[0090] The registers inside the bus converter are set according to these parameters, adjusting the state of the internal logic circuitry. For example, if configured for Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART) mode, the UART clock generator and baud rate generator are activated to prepare for the conversion of Serial Bus (USB) data packets to UART bytes. After configuration, the bus converter enters a ready state, waiting for data input.

[0091] 20: Transmit compatible interface signal data to the compatible interface via the compatible communication bus.

[0092] When the bus converter receives a Universal Serial Bus Protocol (USB) data packet from the power terminal, it parses the data packet according to the protocol configured in step 10. The USB data packet includes information such as a packet identifier, synchronization field, data payload, and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information.

[0093] The bus converter extracts the valid data payload and converts it into compatible interface signal data. For example, it converts differential signals from a Universal Serial Bus (USB) into parallel Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UAS) character data. The converted compatible interface signal data is then sent to the compatible communication bus.

[0094] The compatible communication bus is the electrical channel connecting the bus converter and the compatible interface. During transmission, signals on the compatible communication bus are transmitted at low speeds with high-level swings. Due to the lower data rate of the compatible interface signals, signal transmission on the compatible communication bus is more robust and can resist attenuation and noise caused by long-distance transmission.

[0095] Ultimately, the data reaches the compatible interface and is read by the microcontroller unit of the remote communication module.

[0096] Through protocol conversion and physical transmission, reliable data flow from the power terminal to the remote communication module is achieved.

[0097] 30: Monitor the transmission status of compatible interface signal data and dynamically adjust the conversion parameters of the bus converter in response to abnormal transmission status or external interference signals.

[0098] During data transmission, the system monitors the transmission status of compatible interface signal data in real time. Monitored metrics include bit error rate, packet loss rate, signal strength, frame error rate, and bit error rate.

[0099] At the same time, the system also detects the presence of external interference signals through external sensors or voltage monitoring circuits, such as power supply ripple fluctuations and changes in ambient radio frequency field strength.

[0100] In one specific embodiment, the bus converter integrates a bit error rate (BER) statistics module to perform cyclic redundancy check (CRC) on the received data and count the number of erroneous bits. When the calculated BER is lower than a preset normal threshold, the system considers the transmission status to be good and maintains the current conversion parameters unchanged.

[0101] When the bit error rate exceeds a preset normal threshold, or when the strength of external interference signals exceeds a preset interference threshold, the system determines that the transmission status is abnormal. At this point, the system immediately activates a dynamic adjustment mechanism to change the conversion parameters of the bus converter. The purpose of this adjustment is to suppress interference and restore communication quality by optimizing the parameters. For example, this could involve reducing the transmission rate, enabling a stronger error correction algorithm, or adjusting the drive current.

[0102] The closed-loop feedback mechanism enables the communication system to adapt to the time-varying electromagnetic environment and maintain high-efficiency communication performance at all times.

[0103] Furthermore, when abnormal transmission status or external interference signals are detected, the conversion parameters of the bus converter are dynamically adjusted, including the following steps: If the bit error rate or signal noise level exceeds the preset interference threshold, the bus converter is instructed to enable anti-interference mode, which includes reducing the transmission rate, enabling parity check, or increasing drive strength.

[0104] If the bit error rate or signal noise level exceeds the preset interference threshold, the bus converter is instructed to enable anti-interference mode, which includes reducing the transmission rate, enabling parity check, or increasing drive strength.

[0105] When the monitoring module detects that the bit error rate or signal-to-noise level exceeds the preset interference threshold, it means that the current communication parameters are no longer able to withstand the current level of interference, and a more robust operating state must be switched. Activating the anti-interference mode is an emergency measure to deal with severe interference. Reducing the transmission rate is the preferred method in anti-interference mode. By reducing the baud rate or clock frequency by half or more, the energy per symbol can be significantly increased, improving the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver.

[0106] Enabling parity checking is a method to enhance data integrity. Parity checking adds a parity bit after the data bits, ensuring that the number of 1s in the data is either odd or even. The receiver can detect an odd number of bit errors using the parity bit. Although parity checking cannot correct errors, it can promptly notify the sender to retransmit data, preventing the accumulation of erroneous data.

[0107] Enhanced drive strength refers to increasing the output current capability of the bus driver. The enhanced drive signal has a higher voltage swing and a faster edge slope, which can overcome impedance and noise interference on the line, ensuring that the signal still has sufficient amplitude when it reaches the receiving end.

[0108] In one specific embodiment, when the bit error rate exceeds one percent, the system adjusts the baud rate of the universal asynchronous transceiver from 921600 to 115200, enables even parity, and increases the drive current from 4 mA to 8 mA.

[0109] Through the combined effect of the above anti-interference modes, the originally interrupted or unstable communication link can be quickly restored to normal, ensuring that the remote communication module can still work online in a harsh electromagnetic interference environment without offline failure.

[0110] Unlike existing technologies, this application adds a bus converter between the communication module and the test interface, placing it close to the test connector. This converter transforms high-speed Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol data from the power terminal into low-speed compatible interface signal data such as Universal Asynchronous Transceiver (UAV), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPA), or Secure Digital Input / Output (SDI). The technical advantages are twofold: firstly, by minimizing the high-speed signal traces of the USB, the chance of external noise coupling during transmission is significantly reduced; secondly, by utilizing the principle that low-speed interface signals have better anti-interference performance than high-speed interface signals, the anti-interference capability of the remote communication module in electrical fast transient / burst (EFT) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) tests is fundamentally improved, solving test failures and offline issues caused by long traces and structural limitations. This application also designs an integrated signal conditioning circuit connected between the USB and the bus converter to filter and adjust the signal level. This circuit can filter out high-frequency noise interference on the signal lines and adjust the signal voltage amplitude to match the level requirements of the back-end circuit, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the signal during the conversion process.

[0111] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A remote communication module connection device, characterized in that, include: A test connector for converting universal serial bus protocol data of the power terminal into compatible interface signal data adapted to the remote communication module; A Universal Serial Bus (USB), wherein a first end of the USB is connected to the test connector and a second end of the USB is connected to a bus converter; A bus converter, wherein a first end of the bus converter is connected to a first end of the universal serial bus, and a second end of the bus converter is connected to a first end of a compatible communication bus; A compatible communication bus, wherein the second end of the compatible communication bus is connected to a compatible interface; The bus converter is configured to convert Universal Serial Bus Protocol (USB) data from the test connector into compatible interface signal data adapted to the remote communication module, wherein the transmission rate of the compatible interface signal data is lower than that of the USB data.

2. The remote communication module connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bus converter is attached to the test connector, and the trace distance of the universal serial bus is less than a preset threshold.

3. The remote communication module connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bus converter includes a signal conditioning circuit connected between the second end of the universal serial bus and the first end of the bus converter, and is configured to filter and level-adjust the compatible interface signal data.

4. The remote communication module connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bus converter also includes various types of general-purpose serial bus conversion chips; The bus converter is also configured to dynamically select and invoke a Universal Serial Bus (USB) conversion chip based on the transmission quality of the USB protocol data, so as to convert the USB protocol data into compatible interface signal data of the type corresponding to the USB conversion chip.

5. The remote communication module connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bus converter also includes a mode selection control interface; The mode selection control interface is configured to receive mode selection instructions to switch the transmission protocol of the compatible interface signal data between Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter mode and Serial Peripheral Interface mode.

6. The remote communication module connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bus converter is also configured to adaptively reduce the transmission rate of the compatible interface signal data based on the bit error rate or signal quality parameters.

7. The remote communication module connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compatible interfaces support at least the following interface types: Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART), Serial Peripheral (SIP), and Secure Digital Input / Output (SDI).

8. The remote communication module connection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bus converter also integrates a transient voltage suppressor array; The transient voltage suppressor array is configured to clamp voltage spikes during electrical fast transient burst testing.

9. A method for implementing a remote communication module connection device, used in the remote communication module connection device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Configure the bus converter to convert Universal Serial Bus protocol data into compatible interface signal data; Transmit compatible interface signal data to the compatible interface via the compatible communication bus; The transmission status of the compatible interface signal data is monitored, and the conversion parameters of the bus converter are dynamically adjusted in response to abnormal transmission status or external interference signals.

10. The method for implementing the remote communication module connection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The step of dynamically adjusting the conversion parameters of the bus converter when an abnormal transmission status or external interference signal is detected includes: If the bit error rate or signal noise level exceeds a preset interference threshold, the bus converter is instructed to activate an anti-interference mode, which includes reducing the transmission rate, enabling parity checking, or increasing the drive strength.

Images