Method and device for adjusting a bearing raceway

Abstract

The application relates to a bearing raceway adjusting method and device, belonging to the technical field of bearings, which cuts a raceway cross section into a plurality of slices along a direction perpendicular to a bearing center line, calculates the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice; obtains a temperature rise interference amount according to a preset initial interference amount, a precalculated temperature rise deformation of a bearing ring and a temperature rise deformation of a movable part matched with the bearing; calculates an initial raceway curve equation in a coordinate system containing the raceway cross section, and obtains a final deformation of each raceway slice according to the initial raceway curve equation, the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice and the temperature rise interference amount, and fits a curve equation to adjust the raceway according to the curve equation, thereby improving the service life of the bearing and the stability in a movement process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method and apparatus for adjusting bearing raceways, belonging to the field of bearing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Rolling bearings, as fundamental components of the mechanical industry, are widely used in various rotating machinery. The geometric and shape accuracy of bearings affects the operational stability and service life of rotating mechanisms. The bearing raceway refers to the "track" on the inner and outer ring surfaces that contacts the rolling elements. The bearing raceway is the working surface of the bearing, and its failure mode is high-cycle fatigue spalling (a common form of damage). When a bearing rotates at high speed for extended periods, the raceway surface is constantly subjected to compression and release, causing micro-cracks to slowly appear within the raceway material. As these cracks propagate, surface spalling occurs, leading to bearing vibration, increased noise, and eventual failure. The accuracy of the raceway often determines the overall accuracy of the bearing; the surface quality of the raceway often determines the bearing's service life. Therefore, high-quality raceway dimensions and surface quality are crucial. Bearing raceways typically require ultra-precision machining methods for manufacturing.

[0003] During the bearing design phase, the performance and lifespan verification of bearings typically uses an ideal raceway shape. However, in actual operation, due to interference fits (a mechanical connection that utilizes the interference between the shaft and hub bore to create elastic deformation and generate friction) and temperature variations, the dimensions and shape of the bearing raceway often undergo slight deformation. This affects the raceway stress and bearing operational stability during bearing operation. This effect is currently rarely considered during the design phase. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for adjusting bearing raceways, in order to solve the problem that the deformation of the raceway caused by interference fit and temperature changes affects the working stability of the bearing.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for adjusting the bearing raceway, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) Divide the raceway cross section into several slices along the direction perpendicular to the bearing centerline, and calculate the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice;

[0007] 2) Based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the bearing ring, and the temperature rise deformation of the moving parts that mate with the bearing, the interference after temperature rise is obtained.

[0008] 3) The initial raceway curve equation is calculated in the coordinate system of the pre-constructed cross-section of the raceway. Based on the initial raceway curve equation, the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice and the interference after the temperature rise, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained.

[0009] 4) Take the minimum value of the final deformation of all raceway slices as the reference value. Based on the final deformation of all raceway slices and the reference value, obtain the relative deformation of each raceway slice. Fit a curve based on the relative deformation of all raceway slices to obtain the curve equation.

[0010] 5) Calculate and adjust the tilt angle according to the curve equation, and adjust the raceway with the center point on the cross-section of the raceway as the rotation center.

[0011] In one possible implementation, step 3) yields the final deformation of each raceway slice based on the initial raceway curve equation, the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, and the interference after the temperature rise.

[0012] Based on the initial raceway curve equation and the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, the raceway curve equation after temperature rise is obtained.

[0013] Based on the thick-walled circular ring theory and the interference after temperature rise, the deformation of each raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise is obtained.

[0014] Based on the raceway curve equation after temperature rise and the deformation of all raceway slices caused by the interference after temperature rise, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the raceway curve equation after temperature rise is obtained based on the initial raceway curve equation and the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, as follows:

[0016] By mapping each point on the initial raceway curve equation to several raceway slices, the coordinate points corresponding to each raceway slice are obtained.

[0017] Add the coordinate value of the coordinate point corresponding to the coordinate axis parallel to the cutting direction to the temperature rise deformation of the corresponding raceway slice to obtain the coordinate point of each raceway slice after temperature rise.

[0018] The equation of the raceway curve after temperature rise is obtained based on the coordinate points of all raceway slices after temperature rise.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained by the following method, based on the raceway curve equation after temperature rise and the deformation of all raceway slices caused by the interference after temperature rise:

[0020] On the raceway curve equation after temperature rise, the sum of the coordinate point of each raceway slice after temperature rise and the deformation of the raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise is taken as the final deformation of the raceway slice, thus generating the final deformation of each raceway slice.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the difference between the final deformation of each raceway slice and the reference value is taken as the relative deformation of that raceway slice.

[0022] In one possible implementation, when adjusting the raceway of the inner ring in the bearing raceway, step 2) is:

[0023] The interference after temperature rise is obtained based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the inner ring inner diameter, and the temperature rise deformation of the shaft that mates with the bearing.

[0024] In one possible implementation, when adjusting the raceway of the outer ring in the bearing raceway, step 2) is:

[0025] The interference after temperature rise is obtained based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the outer ring inner diameter, and the temperature rise deformation of the housing that mates with the bearing.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the bearing rings, the shaft that mates with the bearing, and the housing that mates with the bearing are all pre-set to have linear thermal expansion.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the curve equation is a linear curve; the adjustment tilt angle is calculated using the following formula:

[0028] ;

[0029] Where k is the slope of the linear curve.

[0030] To address the aforementioned technical problems, a second aspect of the present invention provides a bearing raceway adjustment device, comprising a processor for executing a computer program to implement the steps of the following method:

[0031] 1) Divide the raceway cross section into several slices along the direction perpendicular to the bearing centerline, and calculate the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice;

[0032] 2) Based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the bearing ring, and the temperature rise deformation of the moving parts that mate with the bearing, the interference after temperature rise is obtained.

[0033] 3) The initial raceway curve equation is calculated in the coordinate system of the pre-constructed cross-section of the raceway. Based on the initial raceway curve equation, the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice and the interference after the temperature rise, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained.

[0034] 4) Take the minimum value of the final deformation of all raceway slices as the reference value. Based on the final deformation of all raceway slices and the reference value, obtain the relative deformation of each raceway slice. Fit a curve based on the relative deformation of all raceway slices to obtain the curve equation.

[0035] 5) Calculate and adjust the tilt angle according to the curve equation, and adjust the raceway with the center point on the cross-section of the raceway as the rotation center.

[0036] In one possible implementation, step 3) yields the final deformation of each raceway slice based on the initial raceway curve equation, the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, and the interference after the temperature rise.

[0037] Based on the initial raceway curve equation and the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, the raceway curve equation after temperature rise is obtained.

[0038] Based on the thick-walled circular ring theory and the interference after temperature rise, the deformation of each raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise is obtained.

[0039] Based on the raceway curve equation after temperature rise and the deformation of all raceway slices caused by the interference after temperature rise, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the raceway curve equation after temperature rise is obtained based on the initial raceway curve equation and the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, as follows:

[0041] By mapping each point on the initial raceway curve equation to several raceway slices, the coordinate points corresponding to each raceway slice are obtained.

[0042] Add the coordinate value of the coordinate point corresponding to the coordinate axis parallel to the cutting direction to the temperature rise deformation of the corresponding raceway slice to obtain the coordinate point of each raceway slice after temperature rise.

[0043] The equation of the raceway curve after temperature rise is obtained based on the coordinate points of all raceway slices after temperature rise.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained by the following method, based on the raceway curve equation after temperature rise and the deformation of all raceway slices caused by the interference after temperature rise:

[0045] On the raceway curve equation after temperature rise, the sum of the coordinate point of each raceway slice after temperature rise and the deformation of the raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise is taken as the final deformation of the raceway slice, thus generating the final deformation of each raceway slice.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the difference between the final deformation of each raceway slice and the reference value is taken as the relative deformation of that raceway slice.

[0047] In one possible implementation, when adjusting the raceway of the inner ring in the bearing raceway, step 2) is:

[0048] The interference after temperature rise is obtained based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the inner ring inner diameter, and the temperature rise deformation of the shaft that mates with the bearing.

[0049] In one possible implementation, when adjusting the raceway of the outer ring in the bearing raceway, step 2) is:

[0050] The interference after temperature rise is obtained based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the outer ring inner diameter, and the temperature rise deformation of the housing that mates with the bearing.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the bearing rings, the shaft that mates with the bearing, and the housing that mates with the bearing are all pre-set to have linear thermal expansion.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the curve equation is a linear curve; the adjustment tilt angle is calculated using the following formula:

[0053] ;

[0054] Where k is the slope of the linear curve.

[0055] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the raceway cross-section is divided into several slices along a direction perpendicular to the bearing centerline, and the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice is calculated; based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the bearing rings, and the temperature rise deformation of the moving parts mating with the bearing, the temperature rise interference is obtained; the initial raceway curve equation is calculated in a pre-constructed coordinate system containing the raceway cross-section; based on the initial raceway curve equation, the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, and the temperature rise interference, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained; the minimum value among the final deformations of all raceway slices is used as the benchmark value; and based on all raceway slices... The final deformation and reference value are used to obtain the relative deformation of each raceway slice. Based on the relative deformation of all raceway slices, a curve equation is obtained. The raceway is adjusted according to the curve equation. The influence of temperature change on the bearing itself is quantified by calculating the temperature rise deformation of several raceway slices. Then, the influence of temperature change on the bearing due to interference connection is quantified by calculating the interference fit after temperature rise. The final deformation of each raceway slice is calculated. This solves the problem of slight deformation of raceway size and shape caused by interference connection and temperature change in actual application of bearing, and improves bearing service life and stability during operation. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a bearing raceway adjustment method proposed in this invention;

[0057] Figure 2This is a flowchart of a bearing raceway adjustment method proposed in this invention in a practical application scenario;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the geometric cross-section of the inner ring of a tapered roller bearing, which is an application of the bearing raceway adjustment method proposed in this invention.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the final deformation of the inner ring raceway of a tapered roller bearing, based on the method for adjusting the bearing raceway proposed in this invention.

[0060] Figure 5 This invention proposes a method for adjusting the raceway of a bearing, which is applied to a tapered roller bearing. The diagram shows the relative deformation curve and fitted straight line of the inner ring raceway of the bearing.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the bearing raceway adjustment method proposed in this invention to the adjustment of the inner ring raceway inclination angle of a tapered roller bearing.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the geometric cross-section of the bearing inner ring of a self-aligning roller bearing, which is proposed in this invention for adjusting the bearing raceway.

[0063] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the final deformation of the inner ring raceway of a bearing, which is an adjustment method for the bearing raceway proposed in this invention and applied to a self-aligning roller bearing.

[0064] Figure 9 This invention proposes a method for adjusting the bearing raceway, which is applied to a self-aligning roller bearing. The diagram shows the relative deformation curve and fitted straight line of the bearing inner ring raceway.

[0065] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the bearing raceway adjustment method proposed in this invention to the adjustment of the inner ring raceway inclination angle of a self-aligning roller bearing.

[0066] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of a bearing raceway adjustment device proposed in this invention;

[0067] The reference numerals in the figures include:

[0068] 1- Raceway of the inner ring of a tapered roller bearing; 2- Deformed raceway of the inner ring of a tapered roller bearing; 3- Raceway of the inner ring of a self-aligning roller bearing; 4- Deformed raceway of the inner ring of a self-aligning roller bearing.

[0069] 5 - Fine-tuning raceway of the inner ring of a tapered roller bearing; 6 - Original raceway of the inner ring of a tapered roller bearing; 7 - Rotation point; 8 - Fine-tuning raceway of the inner ring of a self-aligning roller bearing; 9 - Original raceway of the inner ring of a self-aligning roller bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0070] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0071] The inventive concept of this invention lies in: establishing a geometric equation for the cross-section of the bearing raceway (i.e., the cross-section of the bearing raceway) and performing slicing; calculating the deformation of each component cross-section and raceway slice due to temperature rise, as well as the interference fit after temperature rise; and finally, by merging the interference fit effect and the temperature rise effect, obtaining the total deformation of the raceway. The relative deformation is obtained by calculating the difference and plotting the relative deformation curve. Finally, through linear fitting, the fitting tilt angle of the relative deformation is obtained. The tilt angle is the fine-tuning angle value of the raceway tilt angle design angle. This allows for fine-tuning and correction of possible raceway dimension changes during later use of the bearing, preventing potential changes in bearing dimensions during the design phase. This will make the bearing rotation more stable during application and extend its service life.

[0072] Detailed implementation method 1:

[0073] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a bearing raceway adjustment method proposed in this invention, which includes steps S11, S12, S13, S14, and S15, specifically:

[0074] Step S11: Divide the raceway cross-section into several slices along a direction perpendicular to the bearing centerline, and calculate the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice. Here, the cutting direction is perpendicular to the bearing centerline; before calculating the temperature rise deformation of each rolling slice, it is preferable that all bearings and moving parts that mate with the bearings exhibit linear thermal expansion.

[0075] Step S12: Based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the bearing ring, and the temperature rise deformation of the moving parts mating with the bearing, the interference after temperature rise is obtained. It should be noted that in the bearing ring, the raceway includes the raceway on the outer surface of the inner ring and the raceway on the inner surface of the outer ring, corresponding to:

[0076] When adjusting the raceway of the outer ring in a bearing raceway, this step involves obtaining the interference after temperature rise based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the inner diameter of the outer ring, and the temperature rise deformation of the housing that mates with the bearing.

[0077] When adjusting the raceway of the inner ring in the bearing race, this step involves obtaining the interference after temperature rise based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the inner ring diameter, and the temperature rise deformation of the shaft that mates with the bearing.

[0078] Step S13: Calculate the initial raceway curve equation in the coordinate system of the pre-constructed cross-section raceway cross section. Based on the initial raceway curve equation, the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, and the interference after temperature rise, obtain the final deformation of each raceway slice.

[0079] Step S14: Take the minimum value of the final deformation of all raceway slices as the reference value, and obtain the relative deformation of each raceway slice based on the final deformation of all raceway slices and the reference value; fit the curve based on the relative deformation of all raceway slices to obtain the curve equation.

[0080] Step S15: Calculate and adjust the tilt angle according to the curve equation, and adjust the raceway with the center point on the raceway cross-section as the rotation center, so that the adjusted raceway cross-section overlaps with the curve equation. (Here, in practical applications, when the raceway curve equation is linear, the raceway adjustment is determined to be complete when the adjusted raceway cross-section overlaps with the curve equation; when the raceway curve equation is nonlinear, the raceway adjustment is determined to be complete when the adjusted raceway cross-section approximately overlaps with the curve equation.) Preferably, the x-axis of the coordinate system is the bearing centerline; the y-axis of the coordinate system is the direction of the raceway cross-section cutting.

[0081] Through steps S11-S15, by using the calculated temperature rise deformation and interference after temperature rise of each raceway slice, the problem of slight deformation of the raceway caused by interference connection and temperature change is simplified. Thus, based on the initial raceway curve equation, the temperature rise deformation and interference after temperature rise are combined to obtain the curve equation used for fine-tuning the raceway.

[0082] Method Detailed Implementation 2:

[0083] Based on the above-described specific embodiment 1 of the present invention, step S13 will be explained in detail as follows:

[0084] In step S13, the raceway curve equation after temperature rise is obtained based on the initial raceway curve equation and the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice. Here, since a certain coordinate axis in the pre-constructed coordinate system containing the raceway cross-section is parallel to the cutting direction, each point on the initial raceway curve equation can be mapped one-to-one with several raceway slices, obtaining the coordinate point corresponding to each raceway slice. The coordinate value corresponding to the coordinate axis parallel to the cutting direction at each raceway slice's coordinate point is added to the temperature rise deformation of the corresponding raceway slice to obtain the temperature rise coordinate point of each raceway slice. Here, the temperature rise coordinate point of each raceway slice reflects the change in the effect of temperature change on the bearing itself. Therefore, the temperature rise raceway curve equation is obtained by fitting the temperature rise coordinate points of all raceway slices.

[0085] Based on the thick-walled ring theory and the interference after temperature rise, the deformation of each raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise is obtained; here, the thick-walled ring theory is used to study the stress, strain and displacement distribution of rings or cylinders with large wall thickness under internal pressure, external pressure or asymmetric load.

[0086] Based on the raceway curve equation after temperature rise and the deformation caused by the interference of all raceway slices after temperature rise, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained. Here, on the raceway curve equation after temperature rise, the sum of the coordinate point of each raceway slice after temperature rise and the deformation caused by the interference of the raceway slice after temperature rise is taken as the final deformation of the raceway slice, thus generating the final deformation of each raceway slice.

[0087] The final deformation of the raceway slice is obtained by superimposing the temperature rise deformation (i.e., the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice) and the deformation caused by the interference after the temperature rise on each "tangent point" (i.e., each point on the initial raceway curve equation, i.e., each raceway slice point) on the initial raceway curve equation.

[0088] Method Detailed Implementation 3:

[0089] Below, we will start from practical application scenarios and combine... Figure 2 This paper explains a method for adjusting the raceway of a bearing. The bearing to be adjusted consists of an inner ring and an outer ring. Rollers are provided between the inner and outer rings, and raceways are formed accordingly. The cross-section of the raceway is usually arc-shaped or groove-shaped. The groove on the outer surface of the inner ring is the inner raceway, and the groove on the inner surface of the outer ring is the outer raceway. The two together constrain the movement trajectory of the rollers.

[0090] When fine-tuning the raceway, the inner raceway and the outer raceway are usually adjusted. Of course, in practical applications, the inner raceway / outer raceway or inner and outer raceway can be adjusted according to different needs.

[0091] For the adjustment of the inner raceway:

[0092] Step 1: Based on the bearing's operating conditions (the operating conditions refer to the installation and fit settings of the bearing's application location and the temperature after operation), construct a two-dimensional coordinate system for the raceway section. On the inner ring, cut along a direction perpendicular to the roller's movement direction and pointing towards the bearing center to obtain the raceway section, which displays the transverse profile of the raceway. Preferably: Set the bearing's centerline as the x-axis, draw a perpendicular line from one endpoint of the raceway's transverse profile to the x-axis, and use this perpendicular line as the y-axis. The intersection of this perpendicular line and the x-axis is the origin. Preferably, the direction of one endpoint of the raceway's transverse profile on the y-axis is the positive direction of the y-axis.

[0093] On the constructed two-dimensional coordinate system, the geometric equation of the raceway curve is obtained based on several pre-designed bearing relationships.

[0094] It should be noted that in practical applications, the corresponding geometric equations are constructed based on the specific bearing cross-section type.

[0095] Step 2: Divide the raceway section into several slices along the y-axis.

[0096] Step 3: Preferably, both the bearing to be adjusted and the shaft mating with it exhibit linear thermal expansion. Based on a two-dimensional coordinate system, calculate the temperature rise deformation of the shaft mating with the bearing to be adjusted, the temperature rise deformation of the inner ring diameter, and the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice. Here, linear thermal expansion refers to the uniform elongation and contraction of an object only in one direction (e.g., length, diameter) when its temperature changes. For isotropic materials such as steel bearings, this means that all its dimensions (including inner and outer diameters) change proportionally. Furthermore, assuming linear thermal expansion for each object (the bearing to be adjusted and the shaft mating with it), the temperature rise deformation of each object / part can be directly obtained using a preset temperature rise deformation formula.

[0097] Step 4: Based on the geometric equation of the raceway curve obtained in Step 1 and the temperature rise deformation of all raceway slices obtained in Step 3, obtain the curve coordinate points of the raceway after temperature rise. For any target point on the geometric equation of the raceway curve obtained in Step 1, the sum of the ordinate (i.e., y-value) of the target point and the temperature rise deformation of the corresponding raceway slice is used as the coordinate point of the target point after temperature rise. All target points and their coordinate points after temperature rise are used as the curve coordinate points of the raceway after temperature rise.

[0098] Step 5: Calculate the interference fit after temperature rise based on the initial interference fit of the bearing to be adjusted, the temperature rise deformation of the shaft mating with the bearing to be adjusted, and the temperature rise deformation of the inner ring diameter obtained in Step 3.

[0099] Step 6: Based on the thick-walled circular ring theory and the obtained interference after temperature rise, calculate the deformation of each raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise.

[0100] Step 7: Based on the curve coordinates of the raceway after temperature rise obtained in Step 4, and combined with the deformation of each raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise obtained in Step 6, the final deformation of each tangent point of the raceway is obtained. Specifically, for any target point among the curve coordinates of the raceway after temperature rise obtained in Step 4, the sum of the target point's coordinates after temperature rise and the deformation of the corresponding raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise is used as the final coordinates of the target point. All target points and their final coordinates are used as the final deformation of each tangent point of the raceway.

[0101] Step 8: Select the minimum value from the final deformation of all the cut points, and subtract the minimum value from the final deformation of all the cut points to obtain the relative deformation of each cut point on the raceway.

[0102] Step 9: Fit the relative deformation of each tangent point on the raceway to obtain the geometric equation of the fitted raceway curve. Based on the geometric equation of the raceway curve obtained in Step 1 and the geometric equation of the fitted raceway curve, obtain the target tilt angle.

[0103] Step 10: Adjust the raceway according to the target tilt angle obtained in Step 9. During adjustment, take the center point of the raceway as the adjustment center and rotate the target tilt angle so that the geometric equation of the raceway curve obtained in Step 1 coincides with the geometric equation of the fitted raceway curve.

[0104] Method Detailed Implementation 4:

[0105] Following the specific embodiment 3 of the present invention described above, the adjustment of the outer raceway is as follows:

[0106] Step 1: On the outer ring, cut along a direction perpendicular to the roller movement direction and pointing towards the bearing center to obtain a raceway section, which shows the transverse profile of the raceway. Set the bearing centerline as the x-axis, and draw a perpendicular line from one endpoint of the raceway's transverse profile to the x-axis. This perpendicular line is the y-axis, and the intersection of this perpendicular line and the x-axis is the origin. Preferably, the direction of one endpoint of the raceway's transverse profile on the y-axis is the positive y-axis direction, thus constructing a two-dimensional coordinate system for the raceway section.

[0107] On the constructed two-dimensional coordinate system, the geometric equation of the raceway curve is obtained based on several pre-designed bearing relationships.

[0108] Step 2: Divide the raceway section into several slices along the y-axis.

[0109] Step 3: Preferably, both the bearing to be adjusted and the housing that mates with the bearing to be adjusted are linear thermal expansion components. Based on a two-dimensional coordinate system, calculate the temperature rise deformation of the housing that mates with the bearing to be adjusted, the temperature rise deformation of the outer ring diameter, and the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice.

[0110] Step 4: Based on the geometric equation of the raceway curve obtained in Step 1 and the temperature rise deformation of all raceway slices obtained in Step 3, obtain the curve coordinate points of the raceway after temperature rise. For any target point on the geometric equation of the raceway curve obtained in Step 1, the sum of the ordinate of the target point and the temperature rise deformation of the corresponding raceway slice is used as the coordinate point of the target point after temperature rise. All target points and their coordinate points after temperature rise are used as the curve coordinate points of the raceway after temperature rise.

[0111] Step 5: Calculate the interference fit after temperature rise based on the initial interference fit of the bearing to be adjusted, the temperature rise deformation of the housing and the outer diameter of the outer ring obtained in Step 3. Here, the interference fit after temperature rise is the initial interference fit minus the deformation relaxation of the mating surface caused by the temperature rise, or the interference fit tightening of the mating surface caused by the temperature rise.

[0112] Step 6: Based on the thick-walled circular ring theory and the obtained interference after temperature rise, calculate the deformation of each raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise.

[0113] Step 7: Based on the curve coordinates of the raceway after temperature rise obtained in Step 4, and combined with the deformation of each raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise obtained in Step 6, the final deformation of each tangent point of the raceway is obtained. Specifically, for any target point among the curve coordinates of the raceway after temperature rise obtained in Step 4, the sum of the target point's coordinates after temperature rise and the deformation of the corresponding raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise is used as the final coordinates of the target point. All target points and their final coordinates are used as the final deformation of each tangent point of the raceway.

[0114] Step 8: Select the minimum value from the final deformation of all the cut points, and subtract the minimum value from the final deformation of all the cut points to obtain the relative deformation of each cut point on the raceway.

[0115] Step 9: Fit the relative deformation of each tangent point on the raceway to obtain the geometric equation of the fitted raceway curve. Based on the geometric equation of the raceway curve obtained in Step 1 and the geometric equation of the fitted raceway curve, obtain the target tilt angle.

[0116] Step 10: Adjust the raceway according to the target tilt angle obtained in Step 9. During adjustment, take the center point of the raceway as the adjustment center and rotate the target tilt angle so that the geometric equation of the raceway curve obtained in Step 1 coincides with the geometric equation of the fitted raceway curve.

[0117] Method Detailed Implementation 5:

[0118] Based on the specific implementation method 3 above, the preferred bearing is the inner ring of a certain type of tapered roller bearing, combined with... Figure 3-6 The present invention will be explained in detail below.

[0119] Step 1: Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system (see...) Figure 3 Using a two-dimensional coordinate system, and based on the geometric relationship of the tapered roller shaft, the geometric equation of the raceway curve is established as follows:

[0120] (1);

[0121] Where y(x) is the set equation of the raceway curves; di L is the diameter of the large end of the raceway; L is the horizontal length of the raceway. It is the semi-cone angle of the raceway.

[0122] Substituting the bearing geometry parameters into equation (1) above, we get:

[0123] (2);

[0124] Step 2: Slice the ring. The preferred number of slices is 26. The interval between slices is L / 25, which is 54.3 / 25 = 2.172. Slicing the ring section means dividing the x-value into equal parts within a certain interval. Assuming the number of slices is n+1, then x is divided into 0, x / n, 2x / n, ..., (n-1x / n), x, for a total of n+1 values. Then calculate the corresponding y-values.

[0125] The corresponding x-coordinates of the 26 tangent points are: x=0, 2.172, 4.344, 6.516, 8.688, 10.86, 13.032, 15.204, 17.376, 19.548, 21.72, 23.892, 26.064, 28.236, 30.408, 32.58, 34.752, 36.924, 39.096, 41.268, 43.44, 45.612, 47.784, 49.956, 52.128, 54.3.

[0126] The y values ​​corresponding to the above abscissas are calculated according to formula (2): y = 84.984, 85.454, 85.924, 86.394, 86.863, 87.333, 87.803, 88.273, 88.743, 89.213, 89.683, 90.153, 90.623, 91.093, 91.563, 92.033, 92.503, 92.973, 93.442, 93.912, 94.382, 94.852, 95.322, 95.792, 96.262, 96.7325.

[0127] Step 3: Assuming linear thermal expansion, based on the two-dimensional coordinate system established in Step 1, calculate the temperature rise deformation of the raceway shaft, the temperature rise deformation of the raceway inner diameter, and the temperature rise deformation of each piece of the raceway. The temperature rise deformation is obtained through the following equation:

[0128] (3);

[0129] Where, δ TΓ is the deformation due to temperature rise; Г is the coefficient of thermal expansion; D is the radius or diameter of the calculation surface, specifically: for mating shafts, it is the diameter of the shaft; for the inner diameter of the raceway, it is the inner diameter; for raceway slices, it is the diameter of each slice; T is the working temperature; T0 is the ambient temperature.

[0130] The ambient temperature T0 is set to 20℃, and the operating temperature T = 90℃. The coefficient of thermal expansion and the radius of the working surface are determined based on the specific rings, ring-fitting shafts, and other parts required in the actual application scenario.

[0131] The temperature rise deformation δ1 of the bushing mating shaft is:

[0132] (4);

[0133] The temperature rise deformation δ2 of the inner diameter of the collar is:

[0134] (5);

[0135] Because the deformation of the shaft is greater than the deformation of the inner diameter of the raceway, the mating surfaces become tighter after the temperature rise deformation. The temperature rise deformation δ of each raceway slice in the raceway is shown in the figure. y for:

[0136] (6);

[0137] Step 4: Output the curve coordinates of the raceway after the temperature rise. The coordinates are obtained by superimposing the coordinates of the slice determined by the original curve equation of the raceway with the temperature rise deformation of the raceway slice calculated in Step 3. Specifically, it is obtained by the following formula (7):

[0138] (7);

[0139] Step 5: Calculate the interference fit after temperature rise. The specific calculation method is based on the temperature rise deformation of the shaft and the temperature rise deformation of the inner diameter of the raceway calculated in Step 3, combined with the initial interference fit. The interference fit after temperature rise is calculated using the following formula (8), where the initial interference fit is set to 0.02.

[0140] (8);

[0141] Where I is the interference fit; δ1 is the temperature rise deformation of the bushing mating shaft; and δ2 is the temperature rise deformation of the bushing's inner diameter.

[0142] Step 6: Calculate the raceway deformation of each segment of the raceway caused by the interference after temperature rise.

[0143] Based on the thick-walled circular ring theory, the equation for the raceway deformation caused by the interference fit is as follows:

[0144] (9);

[0145] Where, Δ i I is the deformation amount; I is the interference fit; d is the inner diameter of the inner ring; d m The bore diameter of the mating shaft; μ1 is the Poisson's ratio of the inner ring; E1 is the elastic modulus of the inner ring; μ2 is the Poisson's ratio of the mating shaft; E2 is the elastic modulus of the mating shaft; y T These are the coordinate points of the raceway curve after temperature rise. If the bearing is an outer ring, the equation is modified accordingly using the rear wall ring theory, which will not be elaborated further.

[0146] In the above formula (9), d = 150 mm, d m =80mm, μ1=0.3, E1=200000MPa, μ2=0.3, E2=200000MPa.

[0147] Therefore (Formula 9), the raceway deformation Δ can be obtained. i For: Δ i = 0.0165, 0.0164, 0.01630, 0.01616, 0.0160, 0.01589, 0.01576, 0.01564, 0.01551, 0.01539, 0.015273, 0.01515, 0.01503, 0.01492, 0.01481, 0.0147, 0.01459, 0.01448, 0.01437, 0.01427, 0.01417, 0.01407, 0.01397, 0.01387, 0.01377, 0.01368. Units are mm.

[0148] Step 7: Calculate the final total deformation of each raceway slice using the following formula (10):

[0149] (10);

[0150] In the formula, Δz represents the final total deformation of the raceway; y T Let be the coordinates of the raceway curve after temperature rise; Δi is the deformation. Correspondingly, we obtain Δz = 0.1653, 0.1659, 0.1666, 0.16735, 0.16804, 0.16873, 0.1694, 0.17012, 0.17081, 0.17151, 0.17221, 0.17292, 0.17362, 0.17433, 0.17504, 0.17575, 0.1764, 0.1771, 0.1779, 0.17862, 0.17934, 0.18006, 0.18078, 0.18151, 0.18223, 0.18296. See [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figure 4The cross-section of the raceway before deformation is shown in raceway 1 of the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing; the dashed line (i.e., the raceway 2 of the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing after deformation) is the cross-section of the raceway after deformation under the action of the final total deformation.

[0151] Step 8: Select the minimum value of the final total deformation of the raceway from Step 7, and subtract the selected minimum value from each value of the final total deformation of the raceway to obtain the relative deformation of each raceway slice:

[0152] (11);

[0153] Where Δ is the relative deformation of the raceway; Δz is the final total deformation of the raceway; and minΔz is the minimum final total deformation of the raceway. Correspondingly, the relative deformation of each raceway slice is obtained as follows: Δ = 0, 0.00068, 0.00136, 0.00204, 0.002736, 0.00342, 0.00411, 0.00481, 0.00551, 0.00621, 0.00691, 0.00761, 0.00832, 0.00903, 0.00974, 0.01045, 0.011165, 0.01188, 0.01259, 0.01331, 0.01403, 0.01475, 0.01548, 0.01620, 0.01693, 0.01766.

[0154] Step 9, Combining Figure 5 For the relative deformation of each raceway slice obtained in step 8, a linear straight line is fitted to obtain the fitting equation, and then the inclination angle of the linear straight line is calculated. The basic equation for the linear straight line fitting is:

[0155] (12);

[0156] The inclination angle of the corresponding linear line can be expressed as:

[0157] (13);

[0158] The relative deformation of all raceways obtained in step 8 yields a k value of 0.00071 in equation (12). The corresponding equation (12) is then converted to:

[0159] (14);

[0160] The tilt angle is:

[0161] (15);

[0162] Step 10: Based on the tilt angle obtained in Step 9, fine-tune the raceway tilt angle design value. The center of the fine-tuning is the center point of the raceway. See also Figure 6 The raceway is finely adjusted according to the tilt angle. The original raceway 6 of the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing rotates around the raceway center point (i.e., the rotation point 7). Next, the fine-tuning raceway 5 of the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing was obtained. This completed the raceway fine-tuning design.

[0163] Method Detailed Implementation 6:

[0164] Based on the specific implementation method 3 above, the preferred bearing is a self-aligning roller bearing inner ring of a certain model, combined with... Figure 7-10 The present invention will be explained in detail below.

[0165] Step 1: Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system (see...) Figure 7 Using a two-dimensional coordinate system, and based on the geometric relationship of the self-aligning roller bearing, the geometric equation of the raceway curve is established as follows:

[0166] (16);

[0167] Where y(x) is the geometric equation of the raceway curve; R is the radius of the inner raceway; L1 is the length of the raceway; L2 is the distance from point O1 to the x-axis; L3 is the horizontal width of the end face side guard; and L4 is the horizontal distance from the end face to the perpendicular line from point O1 to the x-axis.

[0168] Substituting the bearing geometry parameters into equation (16) above, we get:

[0169] (17);

[0170] Steps 2-6 can refer to the calculation process of the inner ring of a certain type of tapered roller shaft in Implementation Method 5.

[0171] Step 7: Calculate the final total deformation of each raceway slice using the following formula (18). The specific calculation method is to add the temperature rise deformation of the raceway slice calculated in Step 4 to the raceway deformation caused by the interference after temperature rise of each raceway slice calculated in Step 6, and obtain the final total deformation Δz of each raceway slice.

[0172] (18);

[0173] Where Δz is the final total deformation of the raceway; y TΔi represents the curve coordinates of the raceway after temperature rise; Δi represents the deformation. Correspondingly, the final total deformation of each raceway slice is: Δz = 0.5915, 0.59176, 0.59204, 0.59237, 0.59273, 0.59314, 0.5936, 0.594095, 0.59463, 0.59521, 0.59583, 0.5965, 0.59721, 0.59797, 0.59877, 0.59961, 0.6005, 0.60145, 0.60243, 0.60347, 0.604559, 0.60569, 0.6068, 0.60811, 0.609399, 0.61073. See [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figure 8 The cross-section of the raceway before deformation is shown in raceway 3 of the inner ring of the self-aligning roller bearing; the dashed line (i.e., the raceway after deformation of the inner ring of the self-aligning roller bearing) is the cross-section of the raceway after deformation under the action of the final total deformation.

[0174] Step 8: Select the minimum value of the final total deformation of the raceway in Step 7, and subtract the selected minimum value from each value of the final total deformation of the raceway to obtain the relative deformation of the raceway for each raceway slice.

[0175] (19);

[0176] Where Δ is the relative deformation of the raceway; Δz is the final total deformation of the raceway; and minΔz is the minimum final total deformation of the raceway. Correspondingly, the relative deformation of each raceway slice is obtained as follows: Δ = 0, 0.00023, 0.00052, 0.000841, 0.0012, 0.00160, 0.0020, 0.0025, 0.0030, 0.00363, 0.00424, 0.00490, 0.005599, 0.00634, 0.00712, 0.00796, 0.00883, 0.009763, 0.01073, 0.01175, 0.01281, 0.01393, 0.015095, 0.01630, 0.01757, 0.018891.

[0177] Step 9, Combining Figure 9 For the relative deformation of each raceway slice obtained in step 8, a linear straight line is fitted to obtain the fitting equation, and then the inclination angle of the linear straight line is calculated. The basic equation for the linear straight line fitting is:

[0178] (20);

[0179] The inclination angle of the corresponding linear line can be expressed as:

[0180] (twenty one);

[0181] The relative deformation of all raceways obtained in step 8 yields a k value of 0.00075 in equation (20). The corresponding equation (20) is then converted to:

[0182] (twenty two);

[0183] The tilt angle is:

[0184] (twenty three);

[0185] Step 10: Fine-tune the raceway tilt angle design value based on the tilt angle obtained in Step 9. The center of the fine-tuning is the center point of the raceway. See also Figure 10 The raceway is finely adjusted according to the tilt angle. Specifically, the original raceway 9 of the inner ring of the self-aligning roller bearing rotates around the raceway center point (i.e., the rotation point 7). Afterwards, the fine-tuning raceway 8 of the inner ring of the self-aligning roller bearing was obtained. This completed the raceway fine-tuning design.

[0186] Detailed implementation of the device:

[0187] The present invention provides a bearing raceway adjustment device, the schematic diagram of which is shown below. Figure 11 As shown, the system includes a memory, a processor, a system bus, and a computer program stored in the memory. The processor and the memory communicate and exchange data via the system bus. The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of a bearing raceway adjustment method according to the present invention. The processor can be a microprocessor (MCU) or other processing device; the memory can be any type of memory that stores information using electrical energy, such as non-volatile storage media (including computer programs, databases), or other types of memory.

[0188] In summary, a method and apparatus for adjusting bearing raceways involves establishing geometric equations for the bearing raceway cross-section and performing slice processing. By calculating the deformation of each component cross-section and slice due to temperature rise, as well as the interference fit after temperature rise, the total deformation of the raceway is obtained by merging the interference and temperature rise effects. The relative deformation is obtained by calculating the difference and plotting the relative deformation curve. Finally, a linear fitting is used to obtain the fitting tilt angle of the relative deformation. The tilt angle is the fine-tuning angle value of the raceway tilt angle design. Detailed calculation processes for two embodiments, tapered roller bearings and self-aligning roller bearings, are given. This method allows for fine-tuning and correction of potential raceway dimension changes during later bearing use, preventing future variations. This will result in more stable bearing rotation and extended service life.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting the raceway of a bearing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Divide the raceway cross section into several slices along the direction perpendicular to the bearing centerline, and calculate the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice; 2) Based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the bearing rings, and the temperature rise deformation of the moving parts that mate with the bearing, the interference after temperature rise is obtained. 3) The initial raceway curve equation is calculated in the coordinate system of the pre-constructed cross-section of the raceway. Based on the initial raceway curve equation, the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice and the interference after the temperature rise, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained. 4) Take the minimum value of the final deformation of all raceway slices as the reference value, and obtain the relative deformation of each raceway slice based on the final deformation of all raceway slices and the reference value. The curve equation is obtained by fitting the curves based on the relative deformation of all raceway slices; 5) Calculate and adjust the tilt angle according to the curve equation, and adjust the raceway with the center point on the cross-section of the raceway as the rotation center.

2. The method for adjusting the bearing raceway according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), based on the initial raceway curve equation, the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, and the interference after the temperature rise, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained, including: Based on the initial raceway curve equation and the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, the raceway curve equation after temperature rise is obtained. Based on the thick-walled circular ring theory and the interference after temperature rise, the deformation of each raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise is obtained. Based on the raceway curve equation after temperature rise and the deformation of all raceway slices caused by the interference after temperature rise, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained.

3. The method for adjusting the bearing raceway according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the initial raceway curve equation and the temperature rise deformation of each raceway slice, the raceway curve equation after temperature rise is obtained as follows: By mapping each point on the initial raceway curve equation to several raceway slices, the coordinate points corresponding to each raceway slice are obtained. Add the coordinate value of the coordinate point corresponding to the coordinate axis parallel to the cutting direction to the temperature rise deformation of the corresponding raceway slice to obtain the coordinate point of each raceway slice after temperature rise. The equation of the raceway curve after temperature rise is obtained based on the coordinate points of all raceway slices after temperature rise.

4. The method for adjusting the bearing raceway according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the raceway curve equation after temperature rise and the deformation of all raceway slices caused by the interference after temperature rise, the final deformation of each raceway slice is obtained as follows: On the raceway curve equation after temperature rise, the sum of the coordinate point of each raceway slice after temperature rise and the deformation of the raceway slice caused by the interference after temperature rise is taken as the final deformation of the raceway slice, thus generating the final deformation of each raceway slice.

5. The method for adjusting the bearing raceway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference between the final deformation of each raceway slice and the reference value is taken as the relative deformation of that raceway slice.

6. The method for adjusting the bearing raceway according to claim 1, characterized in that, When adjusting the raceway of the inner ring in the bearing raceway, step 2) is as follows: The interference after temperature rise is obtained based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the inner ring inner diameter, and the temperature rise deformation of the shaft that mates with the bearing.

7. The method for adjusting the bearing raceway according to claim 1, characterized in that, When adjusting the raceway of the outer ring in the bearing raceway, step 2) is as follows: The interference after temperature rise is obtained based on the preset initial interference, the pre-calculated temperature rise deformation of the outer ring inner diameter, and the temperature rise deformation of the housing that mates with the bearing.

8. The method for adjusting the bearing raceway according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The bearing rings, the shaft that mates with the bearing, and the housing that mates with the bearing are all pre-set to have linear thermal expansion.

9. The method for adjusting the bearing raceway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The curve equation is a linear curve; the adjustment tilt angle is calculated using the following formula: ； Where k is the slope of the linear curve.

10. A bearing raceway adjustment device, comprising a processor, characterized in that, The processor is used to execute a computer program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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