Low-power electronic badge batch field control system and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a low-power-consumption electronic badge batch field control system and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of Internet of Things. The system comprises a field control terminal and a plurality of electronic badges, and one-way communication is realized between the two through a low-power-consumption Bluetooth broadcast channel; the field control terminal periodically sends a broadcast data packet carrying a synchronous clock reference and an instruction; the electronic badges intermittently listen, and a microcontroller records hardware instantaneous stamps of capturing a bottom layer synchronization word twice in succession to derive a real-time frequency drift rate, according to which, a local execution time is calibrated and an inherent time delay is deducted, and a display unit is driven to synchronously emit light. The application further combines an adaptive energy consumption state machine and a staggered time slot anti-collision mechanism, completely eliminates the concurrent physical limit of a traditional point-to-point link, and realizes zero-pairing full coverage, non-connected state high-precision asynchronous deterministic cooperation and super-long endurance for a large number of devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, specifically a low-power electronic badge mass production control system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] In large-scale conferences, exhibitions, and sporting events, electronic badges with built-in dot-matrix or full-color modules have gradually replaced paper badges, becoming the core medium for event organizers to conduct on-site group interaction and atmosphere management. The batch control technology of electronic badges directly determines the efficiency of information-based operation of large-scale events. However, existing control technologies are mainly trapped in the underlying physical dilemma of the incompatibility between concurrency scale, time synchronization, and node energy consumption.

[0003] Currently, mainstream solutions primarily rely on the traditional Bluetooth point-to-point connection paradigm. For example, Chinese patent application CN115379040A discloses a remote control sensing system and method for glow sticks. Its logic relies on establishing a private connection link between the mobile phone and the field device, and writing animation data one by one based on physical seat mapping. This Client-Server communication model based on the Universal Attribute Profile (GATT) requires the field control terminal to complete a complete handshake process of pairing, establishing connection, sending packets, and disconnecting with each controlled node in sequence. When facing a large number of nodes of hundreds or thousands, this serial mechanism is limited by the physical bottleneck of the MAC layer link concurrency limit of the master device, resulting in a linear explosion in the overall deployment time, which cannot meet the real-time requirements of group field control at all.

[0004] To circumvent the scalability bottleneck of private connection links, existing technologies have further attempted to introduce broadcast stream synchronization mechanisms. For example, Chinese patent application CN115379427A discloses a method, apparatus, terminal, and storage medium for broadcasting and receiving Bluetooth data packets. It employs the Broadcast Synchronization Stream (BIS) technology defined by the Bluetooth Low Energy specification, establishing a periodic time-frequency window by sending auxiliary data packets to achieve stream synchronization. While this technology removes the concurrency limitations of point-to-point connections, its underlying physical mechanism requires scanning nodes to continuously and forcibly wake up at fixed anchor points to maintain link synchronization. This means that even if no display content is changed in the background, the controlled node's RF baseband module must still bear rigid over-the-air listening power consumption. For badges powered by miniature lithium batteries, this "rigid keep-alive" state can cause nodes to run out of energy within hours, violating the stringent guidelines for deep sleep in mobile nodes.

[0005] In summary, existing field control technologies suffer from an inherent structural paradox: traditional private connection schemes guarantee transmission determinism but are locked into the limits of concurrency scale and connection establishment latency; existing broadcast stream synchronization schemes break through the concurrency scale but drag nodes into the energy black hole of continuous radio frequency monitoring. How to completely abandon physical layer persistent connections and rigid synchronization stream mechanisms, and achieve millisecond-level high-precision asynchronous collaboration of massive discrete nodes under the constraint of ultra-low standby power consumption at the microampere level, is a fundamental engineering challenge that urgently needs to be overcome by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-power electronic badge batch field control system and control method to solve the problems of low efficiency, poor synchronization and high power consumption in the prior art as mentioned in the background.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A low-power electronic badge batch field control system includes a field control terminal and multiple electronic badges. The field control terminal and the multiple electronic badges communicate unidirectionally through a low-power Bluetooth broadcast channel. The field control terminal includes an application processor and a Bluetooth broadcast module. The application processor is used to generate control commands and a global clock reference. The Bluetooth broadcast module sends broadcast data packets according to a set broadcast interval. The broadcast data packets contain a synchronization clock reference field, a display content command field, and a device filtering condition field. The electronic badge includes a Bluetooth slave module, a microcontroller, a display unit, and a status feedback module. The Bluetooth slave module is configured to low-power scanning mode to listen to the broadcast data packets. The microcontroller is used to parse the device filtering condition field to determine whether the badge is a field control target. Upon confirmation of a target for field control, the microcontroller captures the local timestamp of the arrival of the underlying synchronization word of the first frame of the broadcast data packet in the first scanning window, parses the corresponding synchronization clock reference field, and then enters deep sleep. In subsequent scanning windows, it captures the local timestamp of the arrival of the underlying synchronization word of the second frame of the broadcast data packet, forming a two-frame capture across scanning cycles to derive the real-time frequency drift rate of the local clock relative to the global clock of the field control terminal. Based on the real-time frequency drift rate, the microcontroller marks the global expected execution time as the local target execution time. After deducting the inherent physical delay of peripheral interrupt processing, it drives the display unit to perform a synchronous display action at the local target execution time. The microcontroller monitors the remaining power status of the power supply in real time and adaptively adjusts the sending interval of the status data packet sent back by the status feedback module according to the interval of the remaining power status, so that the sending interval is extended in a stepwise manner when the remaining power is low.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the Bluetooth broadcast module of the field control terminal is configured to support the variable-length payload broadcast transmission format; the synchronization clock reference field is constructed as a discrete numerical stream characterizing the absolute reference timing; the display content instruction field is used to encode color driving parameters, dynamic flashing timing and action duration period; and the device filtering condition field includes multicast group identifier and target recognition range.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the Bluetooth slave module of the electronic badge is configured with an intermittent scanning strategy, the duration of its single reception window is less than its scanning cycle, and the scanning cycle is in a time-series correspondence with the set broadcast interval; during the reception window closing period, the microcontroller is in a deep low-power state with the peripheral bus and system high-frequency clock turned off, and is woken up by an external interrupt triggered when the underlying synchronization word arrives.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the display unit is a dot matrix display screen, which is connected to the microcontroller via a serial bus; the microcontroller decodes the display content instruction field into a driving signal and writes it into the display unit; the display unit controls the duty cycle of each light-emitting pixel using a pulse width modulation method that is higher than the human eye's visual flicker threshold frequency.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the status feedback module periodically sends the status data packet to the field control terminal through the low-power Bluetooth broadcast channel. The status data packet contains device power information and spatial signal strength.

[0012] A control method for a low-power electronic badge mass production field control system, the control method comprising the following steps: Step 1, Initialization and registration of the field control terminal: The field control terminal loads the field control scheduling software and configures the Bluetooth broadcast module parameters. After each electronic badge is powered on, it detects the field control terminal and establishes a group mapping, and enters a low-power listening state. Step 2, Send broadcast command: The field control terminal encodes the display content input by the user into a display command, obtains the current global synchronization clock value and writes it into the synchronization clock reference field, encapsulates it into a broadcast data packet and sends it according to the set broadcast interval period; Step 3, Reception and Filtering: The Bluetooth receiver of the electronic badge intermittently turns on the receiving window to listen for broadcast data packets. The microcontroller parses the device filtering condition field and compares it with the device identifier. If they do not match, the data packet is discarded and low-power listening is maintained. If they match, it is confirmed as a field control target. Step 4, Frequency Drift Tracking and Synchronization Execution: The electronic badge identified as the field control target enters deep sleep after capturing the local instantaneous stamp of the arrival of the underlying synchronization word of the first frame broadcast data packet in the first scanning window. In subsequent scanning windows, it captures the local instantaneous stamp of the arrival of the underlying synchronization word of the second frame broadcast data packet, forming a two-frame capture across scanning cycles to derive the real-time frequency drift rate. Based on the real-time frequency drift rate, the expected delay specified by the field control terminal is calibrated as the local target execution time. After deducting the inherent hardware execution delay of the microcontroller, the display unit is driven to perform the light-emitting action according to the display instruction at the local target execution time. Step 5, Maintenance and Update: The field control terminal continuously sends packets at the set broadcast interval to maintain field control coverage. When the displayed content changes, steps 2 to 4 are repeated.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, in step four, the specific steps for the microcontroller to derive the real-time frequency drift rate are as follows: The difference between the local timestamps corresponding to the underlying synchronization words of the previous broadcast data packet and the underlying synchronization words of the next broadcast data packet is obtained and used as the local elapsed duration. The difference between the values ​​of the synchronization clock reference field corresponding to the two captures is analyzed and used as the global reference duration; Based on the ratio of the local elapsed duration to the global reference duration, the real-time frequency drift rate, which characterizes the degree of local clock drift, is determined.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, in step four, the specific steps for determining the local target execution time based on the real-time frequency drift rate are as follows: Get the local instantaneous stamp corresponding to the most recent capture of the underlying synchronization word; Based on the real-time frequency drift rate, the global expected delay duration specified by the field control terminal is mapped to the delay increment under the local clock domain, wherein the global expected delay duration is greater than the time span of the dual-frame capture. Based on the addition and subtraction compensation relationship between the most recently captured local timestamp, the delay increment, and the inherent hardware delay constant of the microcontroller, the local target execution time that triggers the display drive signal is determined.

[0015] According to the above technical solution, the control method further includes a status feedback step, in which the selected electronic badge periodically sends status data packets to the field control terminal. The sending interval of the status data packets is adjusted by an adaptive energy consumption state machine. The specific steps are as follows: The microcontroller monitors the remaining battery power in real time. When the remaining power is in the first power range, it maintains the basic feedback interval. When the remaining power is in the second power range, it extends the feedback interval with a first-step slope. When the remaining power is in the third power range, it extends the feedback interval with a second-step slope, and the second-step slope is non-linearly greater than the first-step slope.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, the control method also includes a collision avoidance and batch control step: When the total number of controlled electronic badges exceeds the physical limit threshold for collision-free concurrency of the channel, the field control terminal divides the controlled electronic badges into multiple groups and assigns different multicast identifiers; when performing step two, the downlink transmission timing of broadcast data packets for each batch is staggered according to the batch order. When each batch of electronic badges performs the status feedback step, a pseudo-random offset time slot is introduced at the boundary of its basic feedback cycle, so that the uplink data packets of different batches of electronic badges are distributed in a staggered and discrete manner in the time domain.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention reconstructs the underlying communication paradigm based on unidirectional connectionless broadcasting, completely eliminating the concurrent physical limits of traditional point-to-point private connection links. A single control packet can instantly address massive numbers of nodes, increasing the deployment time of group control from linear stacking to a constant time on the order of broadcast intervals. By constructing a continuous dual-frame frequency drift tracking model, utilizing baseband underlying hardware physical stamping to eliminate scanning walk jitter and dynamically absorb crystal oscillator temperature drift, high-precision asynchronous node coordination and minimal action deviation are achieved under extremely low listening duty cycles. An adaptive energy... The state machine, with its stepped nonlinear extension of the backhaul cycle for non-core services, ensures that the remaining energy is preferentially supplied to core instruction scanning and screen driving, thereby reducing the average current of the node to a low power consumption level and significantly extending the battery life of edge micro nodes. In addition, the collision-resistant logic that couples the staggered downlink and pseudo-random time slot uplink is reconstructed, achieving natural orthogonal decoupling of uplink packet transmission in the time domain. This eliminates the need for complex air interface scheduling in the background, ensuring an extremely high success rate for backhaul of ultra-large-scale fully loaded nodes and eliminating channel avalanche caused by high-concurrency backhaul through a self-closed loop. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the batch field control system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the control method for the batch field control system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a low-power electronic badge batch control system. In one specific embodiment, the system includes a control terminal and multiple electronic badges. The control terminal includes an application processor, a Bluetooth broadcast module, and a power management unit. The application processor runs control scheduling software to generate control commands and a synchronization time base. The Bluetooth broadcast module uses a low-power Bluetooth broadcast channel to send broadcast data packets at preset broadcast intervals. The power management unit provides regulated power to the components of the control terminal. Specifically, each of the multiple electronic badges includes a Bluetooth slave module, a microcontroller, a display unit, and a badge power supply. Each electronic badge listens to the broadcast data packets sent by the control terminal through the Bluetooth slave module and determines whether to respond to the broadcast data packets based on preset filtering conditions. The broadcast data packets include a synchronization clock reference field, a display content command field, and a device filtering condition field. After receiving the broadcast data packets, each electronic badge determines whether it is a control target based on the device filtering condition field. If it is confirmed as a control target, it performs a synchronized display action based on the synchronization clock reference field.

[0021] Furthermore, the Bluetooth broadcast module of the field control terminal is configured to support extended broadcast data payload format, with a maximum effective payload of 256 bytes for its broadcast data packets. The synchronization clock reference field occupies 4 bytes, representing the number of milliseconds from a preset epoch in 32-bit unsigned integer form. The display content instruction field occupies variable-length space, used to encode color values, flashing frequency, pattern data, and display duration parameters. The device filtering condition field occupies 2 bytes, including the multicast address code and the start and end values ​​of the ID range. Preferably, the Bluetooth slave module of each electronic badge is configured to support low-power broadcast scanning mode. When not receiving field control commands, it enters a deep sleep state, only activating the broadcast scanning receiver with a low duty cycle. The scanning period is set to open a receiving window every 500 milliseconds, with a window duration of 50 milliseconds.

[0022] Furthermore, the microcontroller of each electronic badge is a 32-bit microprocessor based on the ARM Cortex-M0+ core, with built-in 128KB Flash memory and 16KB RAM. Its operating voltage range is 2.0V to 3.6V, and its typical current consumption in active operation mode is 50 microamps per megahertz, while its current consumption in deep sleep mode is less than 1 microamp. Specifically, the display unit of each electronic badge is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) full-color dot matrix display screen with a dot matrix density of 16×16 pixels. Each pixel is packaged from red, green, and blue light-emitting diode chips, with a pixel pitch of 1.5 mm. The display unit is connected to the microcontroller via an SPI interface, with a maximum SPI bus clock frequency of 10 MHz. Preferably, the badge power supply of each electronic badge is a rechargeable lithium polymer battery with a nominal voltage of 3.7V and a capacity of 120mAh. This power supply provides two power sources—3.3V and 1.8V—to the various components of the electronic badge through a low-dropout linear regulator.

[0023] In a specific software architecture, the application processor of the field control terminal runs field control scheduling software, which specifically includes an instruction generation module, a time synchronization module, a device management module, and a broadcast scheduling module. The instruction generation module converts user-inputted display content into encoded instruction data packets. The time synchronization module maintains a global synchronization clock and generates a synchronization time reference field. The device management module maintains a database of registered electronic badges, including badge identifiers, multicast addresses, and status information. The broadcast scheduling module controls the Bluetooth broadcast module to send broadcast data packets according to a preset broadcast interval and timing. Furthermore, each electronic badge also includes a status feedback module, which periodically transmits badge status information to the field control terminal via a low-power Bluetooth broadcast channel. This status information includes battery level, signal strength, and user key press trigger events. The reporting interval of the status feedback module is set to once every 30 seconds, and the length of the transmitted data packet does not exceed 20 bytes.

[0024] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a control method for a low-power electronic badge mass production field control system, such as... Figure 2As shown, in one specific implementation, the control method proceeds as follows: First, step S100, namely, the initialization of the field control terminal, is performed. The application processor of the field control terminal loads the field control scheduling software, establishes the device management database, and configures the broadcast parameters of the Bluetooth broadcast module, including setting the broadcast interval to 100 milliseconds, selecting the broadcast channel as channel 37, channel 38, and channel 39, and setting the broadcast name to the preset field control service identifier. After initialization, step S200, namely, the batch registration of electronic badges, is performed. After each electronic badge is powered on, it enters the registration mode, discovers the field control terminal through Bluetooth broadcast scanning, and sends a registration request data packet containing the badge's unique identifier and its multicast address. After receiving the request, the field control terminal records the information in the device management database and returns a registration confirmation data packet. The electronic badges that have completed registration enter a low-power listening state. Subsequently, the field control terminal executes step S300, namely, sending a broadcast command. The application processor generates an encoded display command containing the target color value, flashing frequency parameters, pattern data, and display duration through the command generation module according to the display content input by the user. The time synchronization module obtains the current global synchronization clock value and writes it into the synchronization clock reference field. The broadcast scheduling module encapsulates it into a broadcast data packet and broadcasts it to all electronic badges.

[0025] Furthermore, while the aforementioned broadcast is being sent, the system enters step S400, which involves the electronic badge receiving and parsing the broadcast. The Bluetooth slave module of each electronic badge periodically opens the receiving window to listen for broadcast data packets in a low-power listening state. After receiving the data, it is passed to the microcontroller to parse the device filtering condition field and determine whether the badge identifier falls within the preset ID range or whether the multicast address matches. If they do not match, the data packet is discarded and listening is maintained. If they match, the system enters the command response state and then executes step S500, which involves the electronic badge being displayed synchronously.

[0026] Specifically, considering the unpredictable RF transmission delay and frequency drift of crystal oscillators in the air interface unidirectional broadcast channel, the local clock calibration algorithm in step S500 abandons the static delay compensation assumption and constructs a frequency drift tracking model based on cross-scan cycle dual-frame capture. This model achieves sub-10 millisecond synchronization through the following four inseparable technical elements: First, the baseband hardware captures the instantaneous timestamp at the synchronization word level. Limited by the phase constraint of the badge's 50-millisecond window and the field control's 100-millisecond packet transmission interval, the badge captures the arrival moment of the underlying synchronization word of the first frame broadcast packet within the first 50-millisecond scan window and records the hardware's local instantaneous timestamp. Analyze to obtain the global clock reference It then enters deep sleep; within the second natural scan window 500 milliseconds later, it captures the underlying synchronization word of the next frame broadcast packet and records the hardware-local instantaneous timestamp. Analyze to obtain the global clock reference Second, the derivation of the frequency drift rate over two consecutive frames. The microcontroller uses the dual timestamps captured across cycles to calculate the real-time frequency drift rate of the local clock relative to the global clock. : In this cross-cycle capture, although The actual time difference is 500 milliseconds or an integer multiple thereof, but this actual elapsed global time difference serves as the baseline denominator, ensuring... The physical absolute accuracy of the calculation. Third, utilizing... Map the global delay to the local clock domain. Let the desired execution time specified by the field control terminal be the global delay period relative to the capture of the next frame. (At this point, to ensure the time budget for dual-frame cross-cycle capture, the global delay budget reserved at the field controller must be greater than the capture span; for example, setting the delay constant N=10 to provide a total delay anchor of 1000 milliseconds). Fourth, deduct the inherent delay of hardware interrupts. The microcontroller finally derives the target execution time calibrated by the local clock. : in Typical inherent latency of hardware interrupts calibrated based on ARM Cortex-M0+ core The system utilizes the above four-step mechanism to eliminate scanning phase walk uncertainty at its source, at which point the remaining delay budget is sufficient to... Once the drive is ready, the microcontroller decodes the display command into a drive signal and sends it to the display unit via the SPI interface. When the target execution time arrives, the display is precisely synchronized. At the same time, the field control terminal executes step S600, which is periodic broadcast maintenance, continuously sending packets at set intervals to maintain coverage.

[0027] Preferably, in step S300, the display content instruction field specifically includes a 3-byte color encoding byte (8-bit brightness for red, green, and blue), a 2-byte blink control byte (frequency from 0.5Hz to 10Hz and duty cycle), a variable-length pattern data block, and a 2-byte duration parameter (100 milliseconds to 60000 milliseconds). Specifically, in step S400, the device filtering condition field specifically includes a 1-byte multicast address code (0x00 for all users, non-zero for specific groups) and 2-byte start and end values ​​for the ID range.

[0028] Furthermore, the control method also includes step S700, namely, status feedback. After the selected badge performs its action in step S500, it sends a status data packet to the field control terminal via a low-power Bluetooth broadcast channel. Specifically, in order to continuously suppress uplink feedback collisions from a physical perspective, the status feedback module introduces a time-slot randomization mechanism based on multicast address and pseudo-random sequence in the periodic reporting mechanism. A random jitter offset is added to the target period boundary at the actual feedback time. Preferably, in terms of energy consumption management, the reporting base interval of the status feedback module follows an adaptive energy consumption model based on the energy decay slope: in, Total average energy consumption, The typical receiver scan duty cycle is 10%. To scan the received current, To display the duty cycle of the action, To display the drive current, Typical value of physical layer duration over air interface for a single return packet , As the base interval for state reporting, For radio frequency transmission current, This is the system's sleep current; the microcontroller monitors the remaining capacity in real time. And execute step control: when Seasonal return base interval ;when Intervention state machine command ;when season This mechanism ensures a minimum supply of core receiving and display services.

[0029] Furthermore, when the number of controlled badges exceeds a preset threshold, the system executes step S800, i.e., batch control, setting the preset threshold to 500 badges. Specifically, this downlink batch control strategy aims to forcibly disperse the large-scale concurrent uplink status feedback shockwaves triggered by the display action through time-domain staggered execution. Under the pure ALOHA random access model, the probability of uplink overlap collisions in the channel follows a Poisson distribution: When node and When the probability of a single avalanche collision exceeds the 5% safety threshold, the field control terminal, in downlink step S300, staggers the timing of broadcast packet transmission in batches (the timing interval is a positive integer multiple of the broadcast period), so that the initial uplink windows of each batch of nodes entering step S700 achieve orthogonal decoupling in the time domain. Combined with the aforementioned pseudo-random time slot mechanism, the backhaul distribution after peak staggering will not experience phase locking in the subsequent continuous period, continuously compressing the concurrency to within the safety limit. Specifically, in response to sudden scenarios, the system executes step S900 to immediately stop, and the field control terminal sends a broadcast data packet with the highest priority flag bit (0xFF). After parsing, each microcontroller immediately terminates the process and shuts down the drive signal.

[0030] Furthermore, a third aspect of the present invention provides a synchronous display method for the aforementioned electronic badge. In a specific embodiment, the method includes the following sequential process: First, step T100 is executed, where the microcontroller configures the Bluetooth slave module to broadcast scanning mode (window 50 milliseconds, interval 500 milliseconds, active scanning) and periodically opens the receiving window to listen for broadcasts; during the window closing period, step T110 is executed, where the microcontroller disables the SPI and peripheral clock and enters deep sleep mode, and wakes up via an interrupt after detecting a valid data packet; then step T120 is executed, where the woken-up microcontroller acquires the data packet and extracts the multicast address code and ID closed interval; then, in step T130, identity comparison and verification are performed. If they do not match, the data packet is discarded and the process returns to step T100; if they match, the microcontroller is confirmed as the target and step T140 is executed.

[0031] Specifically, in step T140, the target's badge is confirmed to extract the synchronization reference and control fields from the broadcast data packet, and the hardware instantaneous stamps of the underlying synchronization word are recorded twice consecutively across scan cycles. and Analyze and And derive the real-time frequency drift rate Furthermore, in step T150, based on the frequency drift rate... and global delay period Map and deduct hardware interrupt latency Derive the locally calibrated target execution time Ensure that all badges receiving the same broadcast data packet perform a display action at the anchor boundary; subsequently, configure the system clock in step T160. Upon arrival, an interrupt is generated and the system enters a low-power wait state. After triggering the interrupt wake-up, step T170 is executed, and a drive signal is sent to the display unit via the SPI interface (with a pulse width modulation of no less than 200Hz) to perform full-color operation. After the operation is completed, step T180 is executed, the signal is turned off, and the system returns to low-power listening. At the same time, the power consumption is detected, and the report interval with an additional anti-collision random time slot is adaptively adjusted.

[0032] Example 2 This invention relates to a low-power electronic badge batch field control system and control method, specifically involving a technical solution that sends broadcast commands to multiple electronic badges through a field control terminal to achieve batch control and high-precision synchronous display.

[0033] In one specific implementation, the hardware communication architecture of this system consists of a field control terminal and multiple electronic badges, which communicate purely through a low-power Bluetooth broadcast channel without connection. Specifically, the hardware platform of the field control terminal is composed of three parts working together: an application processor, a Bluetooth broadcast module, and a power management unit. The application processor is responsible for overall scheduling and data processing, the Bluetooth broadcast module sends packets out at a preset interval of 100 milliseconds, and the power management unit integrates voltage regulators and switching devices to provide regulated power to its output. Furthermore, the hardware platform of the electronic badge consists of five parts: a Bluetooth slave module, a microcontroller, a display unit, a badge power supply, and a status feedback module. The microcontroller is a 32-bit microprocessor based on the ARM Cortex-M0+ core (with built-in 128KB Flash and 16KB RAM, active power consumption of 50 microamps / MHz, and sleep power consumption of less than 1 microamp). The display unit is a 16×16 pixel full-color OLED dot matrix screen with SPI connection (clock frequency up to 10MHz, pitch 1.5 mm). The power supply uses a 120mAh lithium polymer battery and provides regulated output of 3.3V and 1.8V.

[0034] Preferably, the field control scheduling software running on the field control terminal is specifically constructed to include an instruction generation module, a time synchronization module, a device management module, and a broadcast scheduling module. The instruction generation module encodes the user-input color, frequency, and duration into data packets. The time synchronization module maintains a millisecond-level global synchronization clock starting from the epoch. The device management module maintains a device database containing unique identifiers and multicast group information. The broadcast scheduling module schedules packet transmission through the underlying dedicated broadcast channels 37, 38, and 39. Specifically, the maximum payload of the broadcast data packets sent by the field control terminal can reach 256 bytes, and its spatial structure is specifically laid out as follows: a 4-byte synchronization clock reference field, a variable-length display content instruction field (encoding 3 bytes of color, 2 bytes of flashing frequency and duty cycle, dot matrix data, and duration parameters), a 2-byte device filtering condition field (1 byte of multicast address code and big-endian closed interval ID), and a 1-byte highest priority emergency stop flag field.

[0035] In a specific operational scheduling mechanism, the system initially executes steps S100 and S200 to complete terminal configuration and badge low-power listening state registration. Further, when the field control terminal sends control commands at set intervals in step S300, the controlled electronic badge periodically opens a 50-millisecond receiving window for listening in step S400; if it is determined to be a response target, the microcontroller executes a calibration algorithm consisting of four core elements in step S500: performing hardware cross-cycle dual timestamp capture, deriving the absolute frequency drift ratio, etc. Mapping global delay to the local clock and subtracting a 12-microsecond interrupt response constant. This link completely shields against indeterminate jitter in the air interface phase, dynamically determining the absolute physical execution time. This drives the display unit to perform synchronous actions at a pulse width modulation frequency of not less than 200Hz. Preferably, after the actions are completed, the system periodically reports a 20-byte status packet through the status feedback module in step S700. The microcontroller detects the remaining capacity $C_{rem}$ in real time and dynamically switches the basic reporting cycle to 30 seconds, 60 seconds, or 120 seconds according to the adaptive state machine, while adding pseudo-random time slot jitter. When the total number exceeds 500, the field control terminal physically strips the initial uplink feedback shock wave through the orthogonal staggered downlink logic in step S800.

[0036] To verify the overall technical effect of Embodiment 2 of the present invention, the following professional comparison is provided in conjunction with specific test comparisons.

[0037] In a specific test example (Test Example 1), the technical solution of this invention was used to conduct a batch field control test on 1000 electronic badges. The field control terminal broadcast a display command containing red fill, 1Hz flashing, and a duration of 5000 milliseconds. Test data showed that from the issuance of the command to all 1000 nodes completing the scan cycle and executing the display, the time deviation of the actual actions of each node was strictly constrained to between -3 milliseconds and +4 milliseconds, the synchronization accuracy was better than 10 milliseconds, the average current consumption in continuous display mode was 12.5 mA, and the battery life reached 9.6 hours. In contrast, in Comparative Example 1 of the prior art, 1000 badges with the same configuration were tested using the existing point-to-point connection method. The results showed that the total time for the field control terminal to establish a connection one by one was as long as 856 seconds, the action deviation diverged to the order of -120 milliseconds to +180 milliseconds, the current consumption in connection maintenance mode reached 28 mA, and the battery life was reduced to 4.2 hours. Comparative data shows that this solution has extremely significant generational advantages in eliminating connection time, achieving microsecond-level multi-node collaboration, and suppressing underlying RF power consumption.

[0038] Furthermore, in Test Example 2, the batch-based staggered downlink strategy of this invention, combined with the random time-slot uplink strategy, was used to conduct a full-load test on 2000 electronic badges (divided into 4 batches of 500 each). The test results showed that the execution time intervals of each batch exhibited clear integer multiples of the cycle, effectively breaking up the initial backhaul avalanche. Moreover, due to the intervention of the random time-slot mechanism, no phase-locked paralysis occurred in subsequent long-distance continuous backhauls, achieving a 100% success rate. In contrast, in Comparative Example 2 of the prior art, without using the staggered and time-slotted strategies, broadcast commands were directly sent to 2000 badges. Limited by the uplink collision limit, approximately 15% of nodes failed to function normally due to handshake paralysis, and the control success rate dropped to 85%. This data fully demonstrates the decisive role of the hybrid strategy of staggered execution combined with time slots in maintaining the availability of large-scale systems.

[0039] Preferably, in Test Example 3, the dynamic reporting strategy of this invention was used to conduct a 72-hour energy consumption test on 100 nodes. Data shows that: in the first 24 hours (power > 50%, basic interval 30s), the average current was 125 microamps; in the middle 24 hours (power between 20% and 50%, interval 60s), the current dropped to 95 microamps; and in the last 24 hours (power < 20%, interval 120s), the current dropped to 75 microamps. At the end of the period, the remaining power reached 12%, and the node loss was zero. In contrast, in Comparative Example 3 of the prior art, a fixed 30-second reporting interval was used, resulting in only 5% power remaining at the end of the period, and 8 devices failing due to over-discharge. This comparison directly confirms the core contribution of the energy safety supply model, after removing redundant variables, to extending the physical lifespan of equipment. Specifically, in the emergency safety test of Test Example 4, after receiving a broadcast with a 0xFF command, all 1000 online badges forcibly suspended their business flow and switched to standby within 68 milliseconds, demonstrating extremely fast and secure response.

[0040] In the specific integration and engineering implementation of the above system, preferably, the field control terminal should use a low-power RF chip with a single extended broadcast payload of not less than 256 bytes; furthermore, the duty cycle of the electronic badge receiver should be strictly calibrated to 10% to balance air interface monitoring and ultra-low standby power consumption; specifically, since the microcontroller needs to perform dual-frame capture across a 500-millisecond cycle, the global latency parameters sent by the terminal side must provide sufficient pre-amplitude (e.g., making...). Provides a buffer of over 1000 milliseconds to ensure that there is still enough margin for alignment after the closed-loop derivation is completed. implement.

[0041] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-power electronic badge mass production control system, comprising a control terminal and multiple electronic badges, wherein the control terminal and the multiple electronic badges communicate unidirectionally via a low-power Bluetooth broadcast channel, characterized in that: The field control terminal includes an application processor and a Bluetooth broadcast module. The application processor is used to generate control commands and a global clock reference. The Bluetooth broadcast module sends broadcast data packets according to a set broadcast interval. The broadcast data packets contain a synchronization clock reference field, a display content command field, and a device filtering condition field. The electronic badge includes a Bluetooth slave module, a microcontroller, a display unit, and a status feedback module. The Bluetooth slave module is configured to low-power scanning mode to listen to the broadcast data packets. The microcontroller is used to parse the device filtering condition field to determine whether the badge is a field control target. Upon confirmation of a target for field control, the microcontroller captures the local timestamp of the arrival of the underlying synchronization word of the first frame of the broadcast data packet in the first scanning window, parses the corresponding synchronization clock reference field, and then enters deep sleep. In subsequent scanning windows, it captures the local timestamp of the arrival of the underlying synchronization word of the second frame of the broadcast data packet, forming a two-frame capture across scanning cycles to derive the real-time frequency drift rate of the local clock relative to the global clock of the field control terminal. Based on the real-time frequency drift rate, the microcontroller marks the global expected execution time as the local target execution time. After deducting the inherent physical delay of peripheral interrupt processing, it drives the display unit to perform a synchronous display action at the local target execution time. The microcontroller monitors the remaining power status of the power supply in real time and adaptively adjusts the sending interval of the status data packet sent back by the status feedback module according to the interval of the remaining power status, so that the sending interval is extended in a stepwise manner when the remaining power is low.

2. The low-power electronic badge batch field control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Bluetooth broadcast module of the field control terminal is configured to support variable-length payload broadcast transmission format; the synchronization clock reference field is constructed as a discrete numerical stream characterizing the absolute reference timing; the display content instruction field is used to encode color driving parameters, dynamic flashing timing and action duration period; and the device filtering condition field includes multicast group identifier and target recognition range.

3. The low-power electronic badge mass production field control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Bluetooth slave module of the electronic badge is configured with an intermittent scanning strategy, the duration of its single reception window is less than its scanning cycle, and the scanning cycle is in a time-series correspondence with the set broadcast interval; during the reception window closing period, the microcontroller is in a deep low-power state with the peripheral bus and system high-frequency clock turned off, and is woken up by an external interrupt triggered when the underlying synchronization word arrives.

4. The low-power electronic badge batch field control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The display unit is a dot matrix display screen, which is connected to the microcontroller via a serial bus. The microcontroller decodes the display content instruction field into a drive signal and writes it into the display unit. The display unit controls the duty cycle of each light-emitting pixel using a pulse width modulation method that is higher than the human eye's visual flicker threshold.

5. The low-power electronic badge batch field control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The status feedback module periodically sends the status data packet to the field control terminal via a low-power Bluetooth broadcast channel. The status data packet contains device power information and spatial signal strength.

6. A control method for a low-power electronic badge mass production field control system, applied to the low-power electronic badge mass production field control system as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The control method includes the following steps: Step 1, Initialization and registration of the field control terminal: The field control terminal loads the field control scheduling software and configures the Bluetooth broadcast module parameters. After each electronic badge is powered on, it detects the field control terminal and establishes a group mapping, and enters a low-power listening state. Step 2, Send broadcast command: The field control terminal encodes the display content input by the user into a display command, obtains the current global synchronization clock value and writes it into the synchronization clock reference field, encapsulates it into a broadcast data packet and sends it according to the set broadcast interval period; Step 3, Reception and Filtering: The Bluetooth receiver of the electronic badge intermittently turns on the receiving window to listen for broadcast data packets. The microcontroller parses the device filtering condition field and compares it with the device identifier. If they do not match, the data packet is discarded and low-power listening is maintained. If they match, it is confirmed as a field control target. Step 4, Frequency Drift Tracking and Synchronization Execution: The electronic badge identified as the field control target enters deep sleep after capturing the local instantaneous stamp of the arrival of the underlying synchronization word of the first frame broadcast data packet in the first scanning window. In subsequent scanning windows, it captures the local instantaneous stamp of the arrival of the underlying synchronization word of the second frame broadcast data packet, forming a two-frame capture across scanning cycles to derive the real-time frequency drift rate. Based on the real-time frequency drift rate, the expected delay specified by the field control terminal is calibrated as the local target execution time. After deducting the inherent hardware execution delay of the microcontroller, the display unit is driven to perform the light-emitting action according to the display instruction at the local target execution time. Step 5, Maintenance and Update: The field control terminal continuously sends packets at the set broadcast interval to maintain field control coverage. When the displayed content changes, steps 2 to 4 are repeated.

7. The control method for the low-power electronic badge batch field control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step four, the specific steps for the microcontroller to derive the real-time frequency drift rate are as follows: The difference between the local timestamps corresponding to the underlying synchronization words of the previous broadcast data packet and the underlying synchronization words of the next broadcast data packet is obtained and used as the local elapsed duration. The difference between the values ​​of the synchronization clock reference field corresponding to the two captures is analyzed and used as the global reference duration; Based on the ratio of the local elapsed duration to the global reference duration, the real-time frequency drift rate, which characterizes the degree of local clock drift, is determined.

8. The control method for the low-power electronic badge batch field control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step four, the specific steps for calibrating the local target execution time based on the real-time frequency drift rate are as follows: Get the local instantaneous stamp corresponding to the most recent capture of the underlying synchronization word; Based on the real-time frequency drift rate, the global expected delay duration specified by the field control terminal is mapped to the delay increment under the local clock domain, wherein the global expected delay duration is greater than the time span of the dual-frame capture. Based on the addition and subtraction compensation relationship between the most recently captured local timestamp, the delay increment, and the inherent hardware delay constant of the microcontroller, the local target execution time that triggers the display drive signal is determined.

9. The control method for the low-power electronic badge batch field control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control method also includes a status feedback step, in which the selected electronic badge periodically sends status data packets to the field control terminal. The sending interval of the status data packets is adjusted by an adaptive energy consumption state machine. The specific steps are as follows: The microcontroller monitors the remaining battery power in real time. When the remaining power is in the first power range, it maintains the basic feedback interval. When the remaining power is in the second power range, it extends the feedback interval with a first-step slope. When the remaining power is in the third power range, it extends the feedback interval with a second-step slope, and the second-step slope is non-linearly greater than the first-step slope.

10. The control method for the low-power electronic badge batch field control system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control method also includes a collision avoidance and batch field control step: When the total number of controlled electronic badges exceeds the physical limit threshold for collision-free concurrency of the channel, the field control terminal divides the controlled electronic badges into multiple groups and assigns different multicast identifiers; when performing step two, the downlink transmission timing of broadcast data packets for each batch is staggered according to the batch order. When each batch of electronic badges performs the status feedback step, a pseudo-random offset time slot is introduced at the boundary of its basic feedback cycle, so that the uplink data packets of different batches of electronic badges are distributed in a staggered and discrete manner in the time domain.

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