Sequence-based transmission and reception of low power wake-up signals (LP-WUS)

Abstract

This application relates to detecting low power wake-up signals (LP-WUS). In one example, a network generates a sequence based on bits of a payload of the LP-WUS. An OFDM symbol is modulated using on-off keying (OOK) modulation based on the bits. The sequences are applied to the OFDM symbol. Thus, the OFDM symbol corresponding to the on value of the OOK modulation encodes the sequences. A receiver based on the sequences can detect the payload by processing the sequences carried in the OFDM symbol alone or in conjunction with processing the OOK symbol.

Description

[0001] Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are a wireless standard designed to improve data transmission speed, reliability, availability, and more. While still under development, the standard includes numerous details related to how user equipment (UE) communicates with the network to transmit and receive data. In one example, the UE can operate in different modes to reduce its power consumption and switch between these modes based on signaling from the network. Attached Figure Description

[0002] Figure 1 Examples of network environments based on some implementation schemes are shown.

[0003] Figure 2 Examples of on-off keying (OOK) modulation that can be used in conjunction with a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) according to some implementations are illustrated.

[0004] Figure 3 Another example of OOK modulation that can be used in association with LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0005] Figure 4 Examples of applying sequences to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols modulated by OOK modulation are illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0006] Figure 5 Another example is illustrated, according to some implementation schemes, of applying a sequence to an OFDM symbol modulated by OOK modulation.

[0007] Figure 6 Examples of sequence-based processing of information bits in LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0008] Figure 7 Examples of determining the payload bits of LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes are illustrated.

[0009] Figure 8 Another example of sequence-based processing of information bits in LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes is illustrated.

[0010] Figure 9 Another example illustrating the determination of the payload bits of LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes is shown.

[0011] Figure 10 This provides yet another example of sequence-based processing of information bits in LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes.

[0012] Figure 11This provides yet another example of determining the payload bits of LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes.

[0013] Figure 12 Another example of determining the payload bits of LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes is shown.

[0014] Figure 13 Examples of operational flow / algorithm structures for sending LP-WUS are illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0015] Figure 14 Examples of operational flow / algorithm structures for processing received LP-WUS are illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0016] Figure 15 Examples of receiving components according to some implementation schemes are shown.

[0017] Figure 16 Examples of UEs according to some implementation schemes are shown.

[0018] Figure 17 Examples of network devices according to some implementation schemes are shown. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of this disclosure particularly relate to sequence-based transmission and reception of a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS). On the transmitter side, information of the LP-WUS payload is modulated in a specific manner, enabling a sequence-based receiver to detect the LP-WUS earlier without receiving the entire LP-WUS. More specifically, the sequences are superimposed on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, where each sequence corresponds to a subset of information bits of the LP-WUS payload. The information bits are also used to modulate the OFDM symbols using on-off keying (OOK) modulation. In one example, all information bits are carried on the superimposed sequences, allowing the sequence-based receiver to determine the payload from the superimposed sequences without processing the OOK symbols. In another example, the sequence-based receiver processes both the superimposed sequences and the OOK symbols to determine the payload. In both examples, because the sequences are used for the information bits, the sequence-based receiver can detect the LP-WUS faster, which can improve the UE's power consumption (e.g., by reducing power consumption).

[0020] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals may be used to identify the same or similar elements in different drawings. In the following description, specific details, such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, technologies, etc., are set forth for illustrative and not limiting purposes in order to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of the various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples departing from these specific details. In some instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of this document, the phrase "A or B" refers to (A), (B), or (A and B).

[0021] The following is a glossary of terms that may be used in this disclosure.

[0022] As used herein, the term "circuit" refers to, is part of, or includes the following: hardware components such as electronic circuits, logic circuits, processors (shared, dedicated, or grouped) or memories (shared, dedicated, or grouped), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable devices (FPDs) (e.g., field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex PLDs (CPLDs), high-capacity PLDs (HCPLDs), structured ASICs, or programmable system-on-chips (SoCs)), digital signal processors (DSPs), etc. In some embodiments, the circuit may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionalities. The term "circuit" may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) and program code for executing the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuit.

[0023] As used herein, the term "processor circuit" means, is part of, or includes a circuit capable of sequentially and automatically performing a series of arithmetic or logical operations or recording, storing, or transmitting digital data. The term "processor circuit" may refer to an application processor, baseband processor, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit, single-core processor, dual-core processor, triple-core processor, quad-core processor, or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions (such as program code, software modules, and / or functional procedures). The term "processor circuit" may be used synonymously with the term "processing circuit."

[0024] As used herein, the term "interface circuit" refers to, is part of, or includes a circuit that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term "interface circuit" can refer to one or more hardware interfaces, such as buses, I / O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, or network interface cards.

[0025] As used herein, the term "user equipment" or "UE" refers to equipment of a remote user that has radio communication capabilities and can describe network resources in a communication network. Furthermore, the term "user equipment" or "UE" can be considered synonymous and can be referred to as a client, mobile phone, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Additionally, the term "user equipment" or "UE" can include any type of wireless / wired equipment or any computing device that includes a wireless communication interface.

[0026] As used herein, the term "computer system" means any type of interconnected electronic device, computer device, or component thereof. Additionally, the term "computer system" or "system" may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled to each other. Furthermore, the term "computer system" or "system" may refer to multiple computer devices or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled to each other and configured to share computing resources or network resources.

[0027] As used herein, the term "resource" refers to physical or virtual devices, physical or virtual components within a computing environment, or physical or virtual components within a specific device, such as computer equipment, mechanical equipment, memory space, processor / CPU time, processor / CPU utilization, processor and accelerator load, hardware time or utilization, power supply, input / output operations, port or network sockets, channel / link allocation, throughput, memory utilization, storage, network, databases and applications, units of workload, etc. "Hardware resource" can refer to computing, storage, or networking resources provided by physical hardware components. "Virtualized resource" can refer to computing, storage, or networking resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to applications, devices, systems, etc. The terms "network resource" or "communication resource" can refer to resources that a computer device / system can access via a communication network. The term "system resource" can refer to any kind of shared entity providing services and can include computing or network resources. System resources can be considered as a coherent set of functions, network data objects, or services that can be accessed through a server, wherein such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and can be clearly identified.

[0028] As used herein, the term "channel" refers to any tangible or intangible transmission medium used to transmit data or data streams. The term "channel" may be synonymous or equivalent with "communication channel," "data communication channel," "transmission channel," "data transmission channel," "access channel," "data access channel," "link," "data link," "carrier," "radio frequency carrier," or any other similar term indicating a means or medium through which data is transmitted. Additionally, as used herein, the term "link" refers to a connection between two devices used for transmitting and receiving information.

[0029] As used in this article, the terms "instantiate" and "instantiate" refer to the creation of an instance. "Instance" also refers to the concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during the execution of program code.

[0030] The term "connection" can refer to an established signaling relationship between two or more elements at a common communication protocol layer through a communication channel, link, interface, or reference point.

[0031] As used herein, the term "network element" refers to physical or virtualized equipment or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term "network element" may be considered synonymous with or referred to as networked computers, network hardware, network equipment, network nodes, virtualized network functions, etc.

[0032] The term "information element" refers to a structural element that contains one or more fields. The term "field" refers to the individual content of an information element, or the data element that contains that content. An information element may include one or more additional information elements.

[0033] As used herein, the term "at least partially based on" can indicate that an item is based solely on another item and / or on an item of another item plus one or more additional items. For example, in an embodiment, determining item 1 based at least partially on item 2 can indicate determining item 1 based solely on item 2 and / or determining item 1 based on item 2 and one or more other items.

[0034] Figure 1A network environment 100 according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Network environment 100 may include a UE 104 communicatively coupled to a base station 108 of a radio access network (RAN) 110. UE 104 and base station 108 may communicate via a 3GPP TS-compatible air interface, such as an interface defining a fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) system or higher. Base station 108 may provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to UE 104. Base station 108 may generate an LP-WUS 114 and send it to UE 104. UE 104 may then receive the LP-WUS 114, detect its payload, and switch operating modes (e.g., from RRC_IDLE mode or RRC_INACTIVE mode to RRC_CONNECTED mode) depending on the payload.

[0035] In some implementations, UE 104 and base station 108 may establish a data radio bearer (DRB) to support data transmission over a wireless link between the two nodes. In one example, these DRBs may be used for services from extended reality (XR) applications that contain large amounts of data conveying real and virtual images and audio for presentation to a user.

[0036] Network environment 100 may also include core network 112. For example, core network 112 may include a 5th generation core network (5GC) or a newer generation core network. Core network 112 may be coupled to base station 108 via fiber optic or wireless backhaul. Core network 112 may provide functions to UE 104 via base station 108. These functions may include managing subscriber profile information, subscriber location, service authentication, or handover of voice and data sessions.

[0037] In some embodiments, network environment 100 may further include UE 106. UE 106 may be coupled to UE 104 via a sidelink interface. In some embodiments, UE 106 may act as a relay node to communicatively couple UE 104 to RAN 110. In other embodiments, UE 106 and UE 104 may represent terminating nodes of a communication link. For example, UE 104 and UE 106 may exchange data with each other.

[0038] Base station 108 can transmit information (e.g., data and control signaling) in the downlink direction by mapping logical channels to transport channels and mapping transport channels to physical channels. Logical channels can transmit data between the Radio Link Control (RLC) and MAC layers; transport channels can transmit data between the MAC and PHY layers; and physical channels can transmit information across the air interface. Physical channels may include the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), and the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

[0039] The PBCH can be used to broadcast system information that UE 104 can use for initial access to the serving cell. The PBCH can be transmitted in the SSB along with the Physical Synchronization Signal (PSS) and the Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). The SSB can be used by UE 104 during the cell search process (including cell selection and reselection) and for beam selection.

[0040] PDSCH can be used to transmit end-user application data, signaling radio bearer (SRB) messages, system information messages (other than MIBs), and SIs.

[0041] The PDCCH can transmit the DCI used by the scheduler of base station 108 to allocate both uplink and downlink resources. The DCI can also be used to provide uplink power control commands, configure time slot formats, or indicate that preemption has occurred.

[0042] Base station 108 can also transmit various reference signals to UE 104. These reference signals may include demodulation reference signals (DMRS) for PBCH, PDCCH, and PDSCH. UE 104 can compare the received version of the DMRS with a known sequence of transmitted DMRS to estimate the impact of the propagation channel. UE 104 can then apply the inverse channel of the propagation channel during the demodulation process transmitted on the corresponding physical channel.

[0043] Reference signals may also include Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS). The CSI-RS can be a multi-purpose downlink transmit signal used for CSI reporting, beam management, connection mode mobility, radio link failure detection, beam failure detection and recovery, and fine-tuning of time and frequency synchronization. Similarly, the UE may transmit reference signals to base station 108 for measurements to be performed by base station 108 (e.g., in use cases where reciprocity is not assumed between downlink and uplink channels). These reference signals may include, for example, sounding reference signals (SRS).

[0044] Reference signals and information from the physical channel can be mapped to resources in the resource grid. For a given antenna port, subcarrier spacing configuration, and transmission direction (e.g., downlink or uplink), there exists a resource grid. The basic unit of the NR downlink resource grid can be a resource element, which can be defined by a subcarrier in the frequency domain and an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the time domain. Twelve consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain can constitute a physical resource block (PRB). A resource element group (REG) can include a PRB in the frequency domain and an OFDM symbol in the time domain, for example, twelve resource elements. A control channel element (CCE) can represent a resource group used to transmit the PDCCH. One CCE can be mapped to multiple REGs, for example, six REGs.

[0045] UE 104 can use physical uplink channels to send data and control information to base station 108. Different types of physical uplink channels are possible, including, for example, the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUCCH carries control information from UE 104 to base station 108, such as uplink control information (UCI), while the PUSCH carries data services (e.g., end-user application data) and may carry UCI.

[0046] UE 104 and base station 108 can perform beam management operations to identify and maintain desired beams for transmission in both the uplink and downlink directions. Beam management can be applied to both PDSCH and PDCCH in the downlink direction, and both PUSCH and PUCCH in the uplink direction.

[0047] In one example, communication with base station 108 may use channels in frequency range 1 (FR1), frequency range 2 (FR2), and / or higher frequency ranges (FRH). The FR1 band includes licensed and unlicensed frequency bands. The NR unlicensed band (NR-U) includes spectrum shared with other types of radio access technologies (RATs) (e.g., LTE-LAA, WiFi, etc.). A listen-before-speak (LBT) process can be used to avoid or minimize conflicts between different RATs in the NR-U, whereby the device should apply a free channel assessment (CCA) check before using the channel.

[0048] When power saving is not required, UE 104 can operate in idle mode. When the network needs UE 104, the network (e.g., via base station 108) can send a paging message to UE 104. UE 104 periodically monitors the paging messages. For example, UE 104 wakes up at a defined paging time (PO) and monitors the paging messages. The paging message includes UE 104's Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) value. If UE 104 does not find UE 104's TMSI within the paging message, UE 104 assumes it has not been paged and returns to idle mode. However, if UE 104 finds UE 104's TMSI within a paging message, the UE determines that the paging is addressed to it and initiates a radio resource control connection. Alternatively, the UE can monitor a wake-up signal (WUS). If a WUS is received for the UE, the UE wakes up and monitors the paging messages.

[0049] Low-power WUS (LP-WUS) can refer to a type of WUS that enables a receiver (called a low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)) to monitor and detect WUS signaling in the network using relatively low power compared to conventional signal reception. The implementation schemes described herein, combining LP-WUS and / or LP-WUR, can save power for the UE, improve coverage availability, and reduce latency impact. These implementations can also reduce system overhead such as network power consumption, coexistence with non-low-power WUR UEs, network coverage / capacity / resource overhead, etc. The LP WUS and / or LP-WUR configurations described herein can be used by power-sensitive, small-form-factor devices, including Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Such devices can include industrial sensors and controllers, small devices such as wearable devices, etc.

[0050] These implementations can support LP-WUS designs that are typically applicable to both RRC_IDLE / RRC_INACTIVE and RRC_CONNECTED modes. Multi-carrier on-off keying (MC-OOK) modulation can be used. Specifically, LP-WUS based on OOK-1 and / or OOK-4 can be specified using superimposed sequences on OOK symbols. The LP-WUS design can ensure that the same information is delivered for RRC_IDLE / RRC_INACTIVE operations, regardless of the LP-WUR type. OFDM sequences can carry information. The LP-WUS design can support two types of LP-WURs: OOK-based receivers (processing OOK symbols corresponding to OFDM symbols modulated with OOK without using knowledge of the superimposed sequences) and sequence-based receivers (e.g., receivers that perform sequence detection of superimposed sequences in the time or frequency domain by processing the sequences). Because the same information is delivered regardless of the receiver type, sequence-based receivers can potentially achieve better detection performance and / or earlier LP-WUS detection using superimposed sequences compared to OOK-based receivers, as the sequences can potentially carry more information. Earlier detection generally benefits UE power saving because the receiver can remain active for a shorter duration.

[0051] The implementation described herein involves using a superposition sequence to carry information about LP-WUS. This information is also carried by OOK symbols. A sequence-based receiver can detect the superposition sequence (and possibly the OOK symbols), and achieves earlier detection of LP-WUS compared to an OOK-based receiver that only processes OFDM symbols modulated by OOK.

[0052] In one example, an LP-WUS is generated where the information bits of its payload are carried by one or more OFDM symbols via MC-OOK (e.g., OOK-1 or OOK4), and where the information bits are also mapped to sequences superimposed on the one or more OFDM symbols. When MC-OOK outputs an on value, the sequence is carried in the OFDM symbol (and therefore, the sequence is transmitted). In contrast, when MC-OOK outputs a off value, the sequence is not carried in the OFDM symbol (and therefore, the sequence is not transmitted). The sequence to be transmitted can be selected from candidate sequences known in the LP-WUS, where the selection is based on a subset of the information bits.

[0053] Figure 2 Examples of OOK modulation that can be used in conjunction with LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes are illustrated. This applies to LP-WUS transmission (and WUS transmission in general). B Information bits (b=[ b 0 , b1, ..., b B 1) can be encoded, and the resulting C decoded bits (c=[ c 0, c 1, ..., c C 1) was modulated to L A series of consecutive OFDM symbols, each OFDM symbol carrying M 1 bit. M This is the number of decoded bits per OFDM symbol. Subsequently, in the frequency domain, WUS is mapped to... K Total resources of subcarriers X Furthermore, OFDM modulation is performed to generate a time-domain signal x(t).

[0054] OOK modulation allows for implementation in low-power receivers, such as those implementing envelope / energy detection. OOK is a special case of amplitude shift keying (ASK) with only two amplitudes (on and off). When applied to multi-carrier systems such as OFDM, OOK is also known as MC-OOK because the on and off signals typically span multiple subcarriers. For example, consider its use for messaging. The length is N The frequency domain signal S of MC-OOK modulation with 1 subcarrier m In addition, record For length is K S The turn-on sequence for each subcarrier. The turn-off sequence is defined as all zeros.

[0055] OOK-1 at Figure 2 Example shown below. OOK-1 is the MC-OOK scheme, in which each OFDM symbol transmits... Bits (e.g., if guard band is not considered) ,if ,but And if ,but In OOK-1, a single OOK bit corresponds to one OFDM symbol. If the OOK bit has a value of "1", then all subcarriers (e.g., N All subcarriers are modulated. If the OOK bit has a value of "0", then all subcarriers (e.g., ...) are modulated. N The subcarriers are zero power (from a baseband perspective).

[0056] Figure 2 The left-hand side illustrates the processing 202 using OOK-1. Figure 2The right-hand side illustrates the result 204 of processing 202. For OOK-1 waveform generation, where... X This is the length of the input signal or the size of the IFFT used for the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), and Z The number of subcarriers used by LP-WUS, including the potential guard band (e.g., Z The subcarriers form frequency segments for WUS, using the following modulation. If the OOK bit has a value of "1", all subcarriers (except those in the guard band) are modulated. If the OOK bit has a value of "0", all subcarriers (e.g., ...) are modulated. N (Number of subcarriers) are zero (from the baseband perspective).

[0057] The illustrated result 204 corresponds to an LP-WUS payload including a four-bit UE group identifier (e.g., 1011). In this example, Manchester decoding is applied (e.g., "1" bits are encoded as "10" and "0" bits are encoded as "01"), and the encoded bit sequence is "10011010". Each OFDM symbol corresponds to one bit of the encoded bit sequence.

[0058] Figure 3 Another example of OOK modulation that can be used in association with LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Here, OOK-4 is illustrated. Typically, OOK-4 is a pre-decoded multi-bit OOK. The decoded bits of each OFDM symbol c' (e.g., ) is mapped to a length of N M time-domain sequence a This results in a length of N sequence (For example, if) ,but ,otherwise , Subsequently, the time-domain signal s m The signal is transformed to the frequency domain via DFT pre-decoding (or least squares approximation) before being mapped to the OFDM resource grid. Prior to DFT pre-decoding, the signal can be adapted to the frequency domain through pulse shaping or other signal modification processes. m Similarly, the signal S after DFT pre-decoding can be modified. m To change the shape of the spectrum. For example, S can be... m Complex numerical quantization is applied to existing QAM symbols.

[0059] exist Figure 3 The left side shows the processing 302 using OOK-4, and... Figure 3The right-hand side shows the result 304 of process 202. As part of the process, the time domain is transformed. M Bit OOK. From M Number of bits generated Y’ A sample. Signal modification may or may not be used. With or without truncation or other additional modifications, via, for example, a size of... Y’ The DFT or least squares approximation transformation is used to generate Y Subcarriers. If no truncation or other modifications are used, then Y and Y’ Same. Here, Y’ Can be with ( Figure 2 (as described in OOK-1) X Same. The modulated subcarrier may include QAM symbols, sequences, or other signals. Note that when considering the guard band, Y It can be less than ( Figure 2 (as described in OOK-1) Z .

[0060] Also here, the LP-WUS payload includes a four-bit UE group identifier (e.g., 1011). In this example, Manchester decoding is applied, and the encoded bit sequence is "10011010". As shown in result 304, an OFDM symbol uses two time-domain segments to carry two bits, with each bit occupying half of the OFDM symbol.

[0061] To achieve earlier detection in LP-WUS, bits corresponding to information bits (e.g., decoded bits, possibly after expansion) are mapped to sequences (e.g., each...). K Each bit is based on K Each bit is mapped to a candidate sequence in the candidate sequence. These sequences are applied to OFDM symbols modulated using OOK (e.g., OOK-1 or OOK-2), where each of these OFDM symbols (or a portion of an OFDM symbol) corresponds to an OOK bit "1". It can be said that the sequence is superimposed on the OFDM symbol. The sequence superimposed on the OFDM symbol can correspond to the case where the OFDM symbol (or the portion corresponding to the OOK bit "1") carries that sequence.

[0062] Usually, the sequence s n,k,i Indicates the first n The first OFDM symbol k The first time or frequency segment i sequences ( i=0,1,2,3). If this sequence is applied to a frequency segment in the frequency domain, the sequence length is the same as the number of subcarriers used for WUS transmission in the frequency segment. The sequence is mapped to multiple subcarriers on OFDM symbols, where each entry in the sequence is mapped to one subcarrier. If this sequence is applied to a time segment in the time domain, the sequence length is the same as the number of samples in the time domain within the time segment.

[0063] Accordingly, assuming the LP-WUS payload size (e.g., raw information bits) is M One bit. M Each bit can be encoded as N Each bit. Decoding can be done via, for example, any type of forward error correction or error detection code (such as Manchester decoding, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), etc.). If decoding is not applied, then... N=M Use one or more OFDM symbols to... N Each bit is modulated into N There are one OOK symbol. For a bit "0", there is no transmission in the OOK symbol. For a bit "1", the signal is transmitted in time and / or frequency segments (e.g., multiple subcarriers) of the OFDM symbol. An OFDM symbol can have one or more OOK symbols. This allows the LP-WUS payload to... N Bits are received and processed by an OOK-based receiver (by processing only OOK symbols). Sequence-based receivers can also process the LP-WUS payload by using sequences alone or in combination with OOK symbols.

[0064] For sequence-based receivers, the UE uses knowledge of the time-domain or frequency-domain sequence superimposed on the OOK symbol to perform sequence detection. Assume... L=2 K A number of time-domain or frequency-domain candidate sequences can be used for OOK symbols (e.g., on the corresponding time or frequency segments of OFDM symbols). By... K Each bit is mapped to L One of the candidate sequences, K Each bit can be carried by either time or frequency segments. In the case of frequency segments, the sequence length is the same as the number of subcarriers used for WUS transmission in the frequency segment. This sequence is mapped to multiple subcarriers on OFDM symbols, where each entry in the sequence is mapped to one subcarrier. In the case of time segments, the sequence length is the same as the number of time samples used for WUS transmission in the time segment.

[0065] Even if the design allows a sequence-based receiver to detect LP-WUS earlier, the UE can still use the entire duration of LP-WUS. The UE can do this to improve performance or reliability. Whether to process the entire duration is left to the UE to implement and may depend on the UE's radio frequency (RF) conditions (e.g., in adverse (RF) conditions that cause the signal-to-noise ratio to be below a threshold, the entire duration can be processed; otherwise, earlier detection is used).

[0066] Figure 4 Examples of applying sequences to OFDM symbols modulated by OOK modulation are illustrated according to some embodiments. Here, bits corresponding to the payload bits of LP-WUS are mapped to these sequences.

[0067] exist Figure 4 The left side shows the process 402 using OOK-1, and... Figure 4 The right-hand side shows the result 404 of process 402. Process 402 is similar to... Figure 2 The processing 202 differs in that the bits used to encode the payload bits of LP-WUS are mapped to sequences. These sequences are applied to the subcarriers of OFDM symbols (e.g., corresponding to frequency segments used for WUS). These OFDM symbols are modulated using OOK-1 modulation with onset values.

[0068] The result 404 is similar. Figure 2 The result 202 differs in that each OFDM symbol corresponding to the OOK enable value carries one of these sequences. Figure 4 In the example, the four OOK bits have a value of "1". The four corresponding OFDM symbols encode four sequences.

[0069] For illustration, consider eight bits ( b 0 , b 1 , b 2 , b 3 , b 4 , b 5 , b 6 , b 7) An example of the LP-WUS payload. Assume that every three bits can be mapped to a sequence (e.g., for a total of eight candidate sequences, " K=3 In the eight-bit payload bits, ( b 0 , b 1 , b 2) Used to select the first OFDM symbol to carry OOK bits "1" (which is Figure 4 The first sequence of the first OFDM symbol in the first bit. In the eight-bit payload bits, ( b 3 , b 4, b 5) Used to select the second OFDM symbol for carrying OOK bits "1" (which is Figure 4 The second sequence is the fourth OFDM symbol in the sequence. The selection process is repeated (possibly with an extension of the payload bits, as further described below). Thus, the first OFDM symbol carries the first sequence, the fourth OFDM symbol carries the second sequence, and so on.

[0070] Figure 5 Another example is illustrated, according to some implementation schemes, of applying sequences to OFDM symbols modulated by OOK modulation. Here, bits corresponding to the payload bits of LP-WUS are also mapped to these sequences.

[0071] exist Figure 5 The left side shows the processing 502 using OOK-4, and... Figure 5 The right-hand side shows the result 504 of processing 502. Processing 502 is similar to... Figure 3 The processing 302 differs in that the bits used to encode the payload bits of LP-WUS are mapped to sequences. These sequences are then applied to the time segmentation of OFDM symbols (although in...). Figure 5 (Not shown, but they can be applied to frequency segments). These OFDM symbols are OOK-4 modulated using on-state values.

[0072] The result 504 is similar. Figure 3 The result 302 differs in that each half (in the time domain) of the OFDM symbol corresponding to the OOK enable value carries one of these sequences. Figure 5 In the example, four OOK bits have a value of "1". Each of these four OOK bits corresponds to half of an OFDM symbol in the time domain. The four corresponding OFDM symbol halves encode four sequences.

[0073] For illustration, consider eight bits ( b 0 , b 1 , b 2 , b 3 , b 4 , b 5 , b 6 , b 7) An example of the LP-WUS payload. Assume that every three bits can be mapped to a sequence (e.g., for a total of eight candidate sequences, " K=3 In the eight-bit payload bits, ( b 0 , b 1 , b 2) The first sequence used to select the first OFDM symbol carrying the OOK bits "1" (which is) Figure 5The first time segment of the first OFDM symbol in the first part). In the eight-bit payload bits, ( b 3 , b 4 , b 5) A second sequence used to select the second OFDM symbol carrying OOK bits "1" (which is) Figure 5 The second time segment of the second OFDM symbol in the first OFDM symbol. A repeated selection process (possibly with an extension of the payload bits, as further described below). Thus, the first half of the time domain of the first OFDM symbol carries the first sequence, the second half of the time domain of the second OFDM symbol carries the second sequence, and so on.

[0074] Figure 6 An example of sequence-based processing of information bits in LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Assume the payload of LP-WUS has... M The payload size is 1 bit. In other words, M 602 information bits will be transmitted using LP-WUS, in which M It is a positive integer. Apply the code 610 to... M 602 information bits, thus generating N 604 bits, of which N It is a positive integer. Different encoding schemes are available, including any type of forward error correction or detection code, such as Manchester decoding, CRC, etc. If no encoding is applied, then... N equal M .

[0075] Depending on several factors, bit extension 620 can be applied. N 604 bits. Example factors include the bit size of the encoded bits (e.g., ...). N ), the bit size of each candidate sequence and / or the number of available candidate sequences. For example, suppose... M It is four, and Manchester decoding is applied to obtain N It equals eight. Also, assume the bit size of each sequence is... K For example, there are a total of eight candidate sequences, each of which can be mapped to three bits, where K It is a positive integer. In this case, N After each bit is mapped to a candidate sequence in the OOK symbol... N One bit may not cover all OOK symbols that have a bit "1". In another example, when N no K When the value is an integer multiple of the integer, bit extension 620 can be applied.

[0076] Different techniques can be used for bit extension 620. For example, N The 604 bits can be cyclically expanded to cover all OOK symbols with bits "1". If N no K If the sum is an integer multiple of the sum, then loop expansion can be used. Furthermore, if... N no K If it is an integer multiple of , then in N Padding is added to the end of each 604 bits to produce Z bits ( N (including one bit and additional padding bits) to make it become K The padding bits are multiples of the target sequence and then cyclically expanded to cover all OOK symbols with a "1" bit. The padding bits can be all "0", all "1", or randomly chosen by the network. If multiple OOK symbols are mapped to the same sequence, padding allows for soft combination of these symbols during detection. The UE can ignore the padding bits after detection. In another example, in... N Padding bits are added to the end of each bit until they cover all OOK symbols with bits "1". Padding bits can be all "0", all "1", or randomly chosen by the network. The UE can ignore the padding bits after detection. In yet another example, suppose " K2 = mod (N, K) "This represents the number of remaining bits in the last time or frequency segment." 2 K2 A subset of sequences can be used to... K2 Each bit is mapped to 2 K2 One of the sequences. In this case, the UE can be configured to handle the detection differently in the last time or frequency segment (e.g., because the sequence in the last segment has the same characteristics as the sequence in the previous segment (e.g., K Different numbers of bits (e.g., K2 These techniques can also be combined. As a result of applying bit extension 620 to N bits 604, the following is generated: Z 605 extended bits, of which Z is a positive integer.

[0077] Z One extended bit 605 (or N bits 604 if no bit extension is applied) is mapped 630 to the sequence in the candidate sequence. Assume " L=2 K "A number of time-domain or frequency-domain candidate sequences can be used for OOK symbols (e.g., on the corresponding time or frequency segments of OFDM symbols). By..." K Each bit is mapped to L One of the candidate sequences, KEach bit can be carried in segments based on time or frequency, where K and L It is a positive integer. In the case of frequency segmentation, the sequence length is the same as the number of subcarriers used for WUS transmission in the frequency segment. The sequence is mapped to multiple subcarriers on OFDM symbols, where each entry in the sequence is mapped to one subcarrier. In the case of time segmentation, the sequence length is the same as the number of time samples used for WUS transmission in the time segment. The mapping depends on... Z In bits K The value of each bit. For example, K There are three. The first three Z The bit is "111". In this case, these three bits are mapped to the eighth sequence s8.

[0078] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As illustrated, these sequences are applied to 650. X 608 OFDM symbols. Here, X It is with a value of "1" N The number of 604 bits corresponds to a positive integer. Additionally, 640 is based on OOK modulation. N 604 bits generated X 608 OFDM symbols. Specifically, if N If any bit in bit 604 has a value of "0", then there is no transmission in the OOK symbol. If N If any bit in the 604 bits has a value of "1", then the signal is transmitted in the time and / or frequency segments (i.e., multiple subcarriers) of the OFDM symbol. An OFDM symbol may have one or more OOK bits or OOK symbols.

[0079] Therefore, the same N 604 bits X The superimposed sequence in OFDM symbol 608 and the sequence carried by OOK symbol. N Each bit is divided into multiple K bits, and K Each bit in the OOK sequence is used to select a candidate sequence for time or frequency segments of an OFDM symbol that has already been transmitted (e.g., a time or frequency segment carrying OOK bits "1"). Since no signal is transmitted for OOK bits "0", the signal cannot carry any additional information. Because each OOK symbol with bits "1" can carry more than one bit, the duration required to carry all bits in the superimposed sequence can be shorter than the duration of the entire OOK signal.

[0080] In one example, if repetition exists in the decoding scheme (e.g., as part of encoding 610), non-repetitive bits can be sent first, and repetitive bits can be sent subsequently, allowing the receiver to potentially detect LP-WUS earlier. Assume... M The first of 602 information bits K Bits repeat, but M The second of 602 information bits K If there are no duplicate bits, then send the first duplicate bit. K Before sending the first bit, you can first send the first bit. K The second bit K 1 bit.

[0081] Once an LP-WUS is generated (e.g., by a base station in the network), it can be transmitted. A UE with a sequence-based receiver can process the LP-WUS and determine whether the LP-WUS is addressed to the UE, and if so, whether to switch operating modes.

[0082] Figure 7 An example of determining the payload bits of LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. Here, the base station generates, as follows: Figure 6 The LP-WUS described uses a sequence-based receiver to determine the payload bits. Specific examples are used to help clarify the concept. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0083] Assume the LP-WUS payload includes a four-bit UE group ID: "1011" (e.g., M (For example, four). Manchester decoding is applied, and the encoded bits are "10011010" (e.g., N It is eight). Figure 7 At the top, OOK-1 modulation is illustrated, while Figure 7 The bottom of the diagram illustrates OOK-4 modulation.

[0084] In terms of OOK-1 modulation, an OFDM symbol uses a frequency segment to carry... N One bit out of every bit. Assume... K There are three, and therefore eight candidate sequences for each frequency segment of an OFDM symbol. Each OOK symbol with a bit "1" can carry three bits of information in the transmitted sequence (e.g., because...). K (Three). These eight candidate sequences may be the same or different across different time or frequency segments of different OFDM symbols. For simplicity, assume the candidate sequences are the same across all segments. Let... s i ( i=0 , 1 , …,7 ) represents eight candidate sequences.

[0085] Here, we apply a bit extension of 620. Assume we use cyclic extension. In this case, the decoded bit is cyclically extended. N One bit "10011010" is used to cover four OOK symbols with bits "1", thus producing twelve extended bits "100110101001" (e.g., Z (It's twelve). These twelve extended bits are divided into four groups, each three bits long: "100", "110", "101", and "001", which are mapped to sequences respectively. s 1. s 3. s 5 and s 4, and is transmitted in time or frequency segments of OFDM symbols with OOK bits "1" (e.g., the first OFDM symbol, the fourth OFDM symbol, the fifth OFDM symbol, and the seventh OFDM symbol).

[0086] In this example, the sequence-based receiver can detect the complete WUS payload in five symbols (corresponding to the fifth OFDM symbol), instead of the complete eight OOK symbols. Specifically, the first, fourth, and fifth OFDM symbols form a set 702 of sufficient OFDM symbols. The sequence carried by this set 702 is... s 1. s 3 and s 5. These sequences are mapped to bits "100", "110", and "101". Therefore, the sequence-based payload determination 704 can be applied to these three OFDM symbols to determine these three sequences and bits "100110101". The ninth bit can be ignored, thus determining the sequence with... N The same payload bit 706: "10011010".

[0087] At once Figure 7 For the OOK-4 modulation shown at the bottom, the same parameters apply as the OOK-1 modulation, except for the use of a different bit spreading technique (and the fact that OOK-4 is used). Regarding bit spreading 620, it is assumed that padding is used, where "0" bits are added... N The decoded bits are used to make the extended bits a multiple of three: i.e., "100110100". Then, a cyclic shift is applied to cover four OOK symbols with bits "1", resulting in the extended bits: "100110100100". These bits are divided into four groups of three bits each: "100", "110", "100", and "100", which are mapped to sequences... s 1. s3. s 1 and s 1 (applied to time segments of OFDM symbols modulated using OOK-4 modulation), and transmitted in time or frequency segments of OFDM symbols with OOK bits "1". Note that the first OOK symbol and the fourth OOK symbol are repeating symbols, which can be soft-combined during detection.

[0088] In this example, the sequence-based receiver can detect the complete WUS payload in five OOK symbols (corresponding to the middle of the third OFDM symbol), instead of the complete eight OOK symbols. Specifically, the first, second, and third OFDM symbols form a set 712 of sufficient OFDM symbols. The sequence carried by this set 712 is... s 1. s 3 and s 1. These sequences are mapped to bits "100", "110", and "100". Therefore, the sequence-based payload determination 714 can be applied to these three OFDM symbols to determine these three sequences and bits "100110100". The ninth bit can be ignored, thus determining the... N The same payload bit 706: "10011010".

[0089] Figure 8 Another example of sequence-based processing of information bits in LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes is illustrated. This processing is similar to... Figure 6 The processing described in [the previous section] will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity. Instead, these similarities apply equally here. The differences include the use of two different decoding schemes, one for generating decoded bits for OOK modulation and the other for generating decoded bits to be mapped to the sequence.

[0090] Assuming it will be transmitted in LP-WUS M 802 information bits. Apply the first encoding 810 to... M 802 information bits, thus generating N1 804 bits, of which N1 It is a positive integer. Apply the second encoding 812 to... M 802 information bits, thus generating N2 803 bits, of which N2 It is a positive integer. These two encoding schemes can be different (although they may be the same), and / or the resulting number of bits can be different (e.g., N1 Unlike N2 ). N1 804 bits are used for sequence generation, while N 2803 bits are used for OOK modulation. The encoding 812 for the OOK symbols may have special considerations (e.g., employing Manchester decoding for ease of use with a simple OOK receiver) and may require a lower decoding rate (more redundancy) due to performance considerations. Therefore, one approach is to use different encodings 810 for the bits carried by the superimposed sequence. The first encoding 810 may include convolutional coding or block decoding. Of course, it is possible not to apply either encoding (and therefore...). N1 804 bits or N2 803 bits can be used with M (802 bits are the same).

[0091] Apply bit extension 820 as needed. N1 804 bits, thus generating Z One extended bit 805. Then, map 830 is applied. Z One extended bit, thus causing from L Sequence 806 was selected from the candidate sequences, and each sequence was mapped. K Each bit. These sequences are applied 850 to OFDM symbols (corresponding to OOK bits "1"), where based on the use of... N2 These OFDM symbols are generated by modulating 840 bits of OOK (e.g., if 803 bits of OOK are used). N2 If a bit in a given bit is "1", then an OFDM symbol is transmitted. Otherwise, no OFDM symbol is transmitted. Similarly, if repetition exists in the decoding scheme (e.g., as part of encoding 812), non-repeating bits can be transmitted first, and repetitive bits can be transmitted subsequently, allowing the receiver to potentially detect LP-WUS earlier.

[0092] Figure 9 Another example illustrating the determination of LP-WUS payload bits according to some implementation schemes is shown. Here, the base station generates, as follows: Figure 8 The LP-WUS described uses a sequence-based receiver to determine the payload bits. Specific examples are used to help clarify the concept. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0093] Assume the LP-WUS payload includes a four-bit UE group ID: "1011" (e.g., M (4 bits). These four bits are not encoded for sequence generation (e.g., N1 bits and M (All four bits are the same). However, these four bits are encoded using Manchester decoding for OOK modulation, resulting in... N2The bits are "10011010". Therefore, a different encoding scheme 910 is used: no encoding is performed for the sequence, and Manchester decoding is used for the OOK bits. This assumes that for each time segment (e.g., in the case of OOK-4) or frequency segment (e.g., in...) of the OFDM symbol... Figure 9 In the OOK-1 case illustrated, there are sixteen candidate sequences. These sixteen candidate sequences may be the same or different across different time or frequency segments of different OFDM symbols. For simplicity, it is assumed that the candidate sequences are the same across all segments in the example. s i ( i=0 , 1 , …, 15 This represents sixteen candidate sequences. Each OOK symbol with a bit "1" can carry four bits of information in the transmitted sequence (e.g., ...). K (This is part four). The payload "1011" is mapped to OOK bits "1". s 13 Expanding through loops, s 13 Used for all OOK bits "1". In this example, a sequence-based receiver can detect the complete WUS payload in a single symbol instead of eight symbols. Specifically, the first OFDM symbol forms a set 902 of sufficient OFDM symbols. The sequence carried by this set 902 is s 13 The sequence is mapped to bits "1011". Therefore, sequence-based payload determination 904 can be applied to the first OFDM symbol to determine the sequence. s 13 And the bit "1011", thus determining the relationship with N1 The same payload bits 906: "1011" are identical.

[0094] exist Figures 6 to 9 In sequence-based receivers, processing the sequence superimposed on OFDM symbols to determine the payload bits of LP-WUS might be sufficient. However, implementations are not limited to this. Instead, sequence-based receivers can do this by processing both the sequence and the OOK symbols. LP-WUS detection still precedes detection using only the OOK symbols.

[0095] Figure 10 This is yet another example of sequence-based processing of information bits in LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes. Here, both superimposed sequences and OOK symbols are used in combination. Typically, the bits carried by the superimposed sequence are arranged such that they are combined with the OOK bits in a portion of LP-WUS (up to the previous...). J OOK symbols, of whichJ It is less than N (A positive integer representing the number of decoded bits in the sequence) allows the UE to detect the complete payload. Figure 6 Similarly, the bits carried by the superimposed sequence can be the same as the bits carried by the OOK symbol. Alternatively, with Figure 8 Similarly, here, by using different decoding methods, the bits carried by the superimposed sequence can be different. Bits can be carried in different orders on the superimposed sequence and the OOK symbol, such that in the first... J In a symbol set, the superposition sequence and the OOK symbol carry different bits. A simple approach is to use reverse order. Another example is to split the bits into two parts and carry the second part first in the superposition sequence. If there is a repetition for the OOK bit or the bit carried in the superposition sequence in the decoding scheme, the non-repetition bit can be sent first, allowing the receiver to potentially detect LP-WUS earlier.

[0096] Figure 10 The processing described in the text is similar to Figure 6 (If a type of encoding is used) or Figure 8 The processing described in (if a different encoding is used) will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity. Instead, these similarities also apply here. The differences include the rearrangement of the bits used for the sequence, so that there are different permutations between these bits and the OOK bits. Of course, it is not the bits used for the sequence that are rearranged, but the bits used for OOK modulation can be rearranged, or both sets of bits can be rearranged.

[0097] Assuming it will be transmitted in LP-WUS M 1002 information bits. Apply the first encoding 810 to... M 1002 information bits, thus generating N1 1004 bits. It is possible (as illustrated by the dashed line) to apply the second encoding 1012. M 1002 information bits, thus generating N2 1003 bits. Then, apply the bit rearrangement operation 1015. N1 1004 bits, thus generating N1 1007 bits rearranged.

[0098] As described above, different bit rearrangement operations are possible. In one example, the bits were initially arranged in a specific order. N1 1004 bits. The order is reversed, making N1 The 1007 rearranged bits follow N1 The reverse order of 1004 bits. Assume N1 If 1004 bits are "101100", thenN1 The rearranged bit 1007 is "001101". In another example, N1 The 1004 bits are divided into multiple bit subsets (e.g., each subset may have a size of...). K (That is, the same size as the candidate sequence). Rearrange subsets (e.g., in reverse order, in shuffled order, etc.). Return to reference. N1 Each bit 1004 is equivalent to "101100", assuming K For example, two subsets are defined: "101" and "100". The second subset is rearranged such that it is sent before the first subset. In this case, the rearranged subsets are "100" and "101", thus producing... N1 The rearranged bits 1007 are "100101". Although the bit rearrangement operation 1015 is described as being applied to... N1 It uses 1004 bits, but it can also be applied after a bit extension of 1020.

[0099] Apply bit extension 1020 as needed. N1 1007 rearranged bits, thus producing Z One extended bit 1005. Then, map 1030 is applied. Z One extended bit 1005, thus causing from L Sequence 1006 was selected from the candidate sequences, and each sequence was mapped. K One bit. Apply sequence 1006 to OFDM symbol 1050 (corresponding to OOK bits "1"), where based on the use of N2 1003 bits (if the second encoding 1012 is used, or if the second encoding 1012 is not used, then use) N1 These OFDM symbols are generated by OOK modulation 1040 (1005 bits, unrearranged). Also here, if there are repetitions in the decoding scheme (e.g., as part of the encoding applied to generate the bits used for OOK modulation), the non-repetitive bits can be transmitted first, and the repetitive bits can be transmitted subsequently, allowing the receiver to potentially detect LP-WUS earlier.

[0100] Figure 11 This illustrates yet another example of determining the payload bits of LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes. Here, the base station generates, as follows: Figure 10 The LP-WUS described uses a sequence-based receiver to determine the payload bits. Specific examples are used to aid explanation. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 11 The text describes the reverse ordering operation.

[0101] Assume the LP-WUS payload includes a four-bit UE group ID: "1011" (e.g., M (For four). The four bits are generated using Manchester decoding. N One bit "10011010". No second encoding is used. This assumes that for each time segment (e.g., in the case of OOK-4) or frequency segment (e.g., in...) of an OFDM symbol... Figure 11 In the OOK-1 case illustrated, there are eight candidate sequences. These eight candidate sequences may be the same or different across different time or frequency segments of different OFDM symbols. For simplicity, it is assumed that the candidate sequences are the same across all segments in the example. s i ( i=0 , 1 , …, 7 This represents eight candidate sequences. Each OOK symbol with a bit "1" can carry three bits of information in the transmitted sequence (e.g., ...). K (For example, three). When applying the reversal operation, the decoded eight bits "10011010" become "01011001". Also assume the use of cyclic expansion, which cyclically expands the decoded bits "10011010" to cover the four OOK symbols with bits "1" (e.g., producing...). Z (The extended bits are "010110010101"). Z The extended bits are divided into four groups: "010", "110", "010", and "101", which are respectively mapped to the sequence s 2. s 3. s 2 and s 5, and is transmitted in time or frequency segments of OFDM symbols with OOK bits "1". In this example, a sequence-based receiver can detect the complete WUS payload in four symbols instead of eight. Specifically, the first and fourth OFDM symbols form a set 1102 of sufficient OFDM symbols. The sequence carried by this set 1102 is s 2 and s 3. These sequences are mapped to bits "010" and "110". The first OFDM symbol corresponds to the first OOK bit "1". The fourth OFDM symbol also corresponds to the fourth OOK bit "1". The two OOK bits in between are "0" and "0". Therefore, using the fourth OOK symbol (in this case, the fourth OOK bit), a sequence-based payload determination can be applied to determine 1104 to identify the sequence. s 2 and s3 (“010” and “110”) and the first four OOK bits (“1001”). These two sets of information can be assembled together to determine the following payload bits 1106: “1001” (the first four OOK bits), “110” (the second sequence) s 3, because reverse order was used) and "010" (first sequence) s 2). Ignore the second sequence. s The last two bits of 3 (because the payload is eight bits long). The remaining bits of these sequences are rearranged (because a reverse order was used). Therefore, the assembled bits are determined to be "10011010", which is the payload bit 1106.

[0102] Figure 12 This provides another example of determining the payload bits of LP-WUS according to some implementation schemes. Here, the base station generates, as follows: Figure 10 The LP-WUS described uses a sequence-based receiver to determine the payload bits. Specific examples are used to aid explanation. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 12 The text describes a rearrangement operation, in which a subset of bits is rearranged.

[0103] Assume the LP-WUS payload includes a four-bit UE group ID: "1011" (e.g., M (For four). No encoding is applied to the bits used for sequence mapping, while Manchester decoding is still applied to the OOK symbols. This assumes that for each time segment (e.g., in the case of OOK-4) or frequency segment (e.g., in...) of an OFDM symbol... Figure 12 In the OOK-1 case illustrated, there are eight candidate sequences. These eight candidate sequences may be the same or different across different time or frequency segments of different OFDM symbols. For simplicity, it is assumed that the candidate sequences are the same across all segments in the example. s i ( i=0 , 1 , …, 7 This represents eight candidate sequences. Each OOK symbol with a bit "1" can carry three bits of information in the transmitted sequence (e.g., ...). K (Three). When applying the reverse order operation, the four payload bits "1011" become "1101". Also assuming cyclic expansion, the reversed bit "1101" is cyclically expanded to "110111011101". The expanded bits are divided into four groups: "110", "111", "011", and "101", which are mapped to the sequence... s 3. s 7. s 6 and s5, and is transmitted in time or frequency segments of OFDM symbols with OOK bits "1". In this example, a sequence-based receiver can detect the complete WUS payload in two symbols instead of eight. Specifically, the first two OFDM symbols form a set 1202 of sufficient OFDM symbols. The sequence carried by the first OFDM symbol is s 3. The sequence is mapped to bits "110". The first OFDM symbol corresponds to the first OOK bit "1". The second OOK bit is "0". Therefore, using the second OOK symbol (in this case, the second OOK bit), the sequence-based payload determination 1204 can be applied to determine the sequence. s 3 (“110”) and the first two OOK bits (“10”). According to Manchester decoding, the first two OOK bits “10” map to the original information bit “1”. These two sets of information can be assembled together to determine the following payload bits 1206: “1” (corresponding to the original information bit of the first two OOK bits), “110” (the first sequence of bits). s 3). The assembled bits are identified as "1011", which is payload bit 1206.

[0104] Figure 13 Examples of operational flow / algorithm structures 1300 for transmitting LP-WUS according to some embodiments are illustrated. Operational flow / algorithm structures 1300 may be implemented by a network (e.g., by its base station and / or the base station's processor). This network may be any of the networks described herein. In some embodiments, operational flow / algorithm structures 1300 may be implemented by executing instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium (such as the base station's memory). Although operational flow / algorithm structures 1300 are described using a specific sequence of steps, it should be understood that the steps described herein are contemplated to be performed in a different sequence than illustrated, and some described steps may be omitted or not performed at all.

[0105] In one example, the operation flow / algorithm structure 1300 includes determining the first bit corresponding to the second bit of the LP-WUS payload at 1302. For example, the first bit is the same as the second bit, and both bits are generated by encoding the information bits of the payload (e.g., using Manchester code). Alternatively, the first bit and the second bit are generated by applying different encoding schemes to the information bits. Additionally, bit extension can be applied so that the first bit is an extended bit.

[0106] In one example, the operational flow / algorithm structure 1300 includes mapping a first subset of the first bit to a first sequence at 1304. This sequence can be selected from candidate sequences known to the receiver. The first bit is divided into subsets, each subset having... K The size is 1 bit. The number of bits carried by each candidate sequence is also 1 bit. K Each bit. Although sequences can have different lengths (and therefore subsets can have different sizes).

[0107] In one example, the operation flow / algorithm structure 1300 includes generating an LP-WUS with a payload at 1306. The second bit of the payload is carried by an OFDM symbol. The OFDM symbol is modulated using OOK modulation (e.g., OOK-1 or OOK-4). The first OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol (or the portion of the OFDM symbol corresponding to the OOK bit "1") carries the first sequence.

[0108] In one example, the operational procedure / algorithm structure 1300 includes sending LP-WUS at 1308. LP-WUS can be sent periodically to the UE with a receiver. Alternatively, the UE periodically monitors LP-WUS, and the gNB sends LP-WUS only when necessary. The UE can be in RRC_IDLE mode. LP-WUS can trigger the UE to switch to RRC_CONNECTED mode.

[0109] Figure 14 Examples of operational flow / algorithm structures 1400 for processing received LP-WUS are illustrated according to some embodiments. Operational flow / algorithm structures 1400 may be implemented by a UE (e.g., executed by its components, including, for example, the UE's processor). The UE may be any of the UEs described herein. In some embodiments, operational flow / algorithm structures 1400 may be implemented by executing instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium (such as the UE's memory). Although operational flow / algorithm structures 1400 are described using a specific sequence of steps, it should be understood that the steps described herein are contemplated to be executed in a different sequence than illustrated, and some described steps may be omitted or not performed at all.

[0110] In one example, the operation flow / algorithm structure 1400 includes processing the LP-WUS with a payload at 1402. The first bit of the payload is carried by an OFDM symbol. The OFDM symbol is modulated using OOK modulation. A first subset of the second bits corresponding to the first bit of the payload is mapped to a first sequence. The first OFDM symbol with OOK bits "1" carries the first sequence. The LP-WUS can be received from a base station (e.g., by the UE's receive chain).

[0111] In one example, the operation flow / algorithm structure 1400 includes determining the payload at 1404 based at least on a first sequence. For example, the UE's receiver is a sequence-based receiver that processes the sequence carried by OFDM symbols corresponding to the on-state value of OOK modulation. Optionally, the sequence-based receiver can also process OOK symbols. Early detection of LP-WUS is possible. Once the payload is determined, the UE can switch from RRC_INACTIVE mode or RRC_IDLE mode to RRC_CONNECTED mode based on the payload.

[0112] Figure 15 Examples of UEs according to some implementation schemes (e.g., Figure 1 The receiving component 1500 (which includes UE 104 and any other UE described herein capable of receiving and processing LP-WUS) may include an antenna panel 1504 comprising a plurality of antenna elements. Panel 1504 is shown as having four antenna elements, but other embodiments may include a different number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna panels may also be included.

[0113] Antenna panel 1504 can be coupled to an analog beamforming (BF) assembly that includes multiple phase shifters 1508(1)-1508(4). Phase shifters 1508(1)-1508(4) can be coupled to a radio frequency (RF) chain 1509. RF chain 1509 can amplify received analog RF signals, down-convert RF signals to baseband, and convert analog baseband signals to digital baseband signals, which can be provided to a baseband processor for further processing.

[0114] In various implementations, control circuitry residing in the baseband processor may provide BF weights (e.g., W1-W4) to phase shifters 1508(1)-1508(4) to provide a receive beam at antenna panel 1504; these BF weights may represent phase shift values. These BF weights may be determined based on channel-based beamforming. As further described below, the baseband processor may detect the LP-WUS payload and control the UE's operating mode.

[0115] Figure 16 UE 1600 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. UE 1600 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with UE 104 or 106 or any UE described herein capable of receiving and processing LP-WUS.

[0116] The UE 1600 can be any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as, for example, a mobile phone, computer, tablet, industrial wireless sensor (e.g., microphone, carbon dioxide sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor, thermometer, motion sensor, accelerometer, laser scanner, fluid level sensor, stock sensor, voltmeter / ammeter, or actuator), video surveillance / monitoring device (e.g., camera or camcorder), wearable device (e.g., smartwatch), or Internet of Things device.

[0117] UE 1600 may include a processor 1604, RF interface circuitry 1608, memory / storage device 1612, user interface 1616, sensor 1620, drive circuitry 1622, power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 1624, antenna 1626, and battery 1628. The components of UE 1600 may be implemented as integrated circuits (ICs), portions of integrated circuits, discrete electronic devices or other modules, logic components, hardware, software, firmware, or combinations thereof. Figure 16 The block diagram is intended to show a high-level view of some of the components of the UE 1600. However, some of the components shown may be omitted, additional components may be present, and different arrangements of the components shown may occur in other specific implementations.

[0118] The components of UE 1600 can be coupled to a variety of other components via one or more interconnects 1632, which can represent any type of interface, input / output, bus (local, system, or extension), transmit line, trace, or optical connection, allowing various circuit components (on common or different chips or chipsets) to interact with each other.

[0119] Processor 1604 may include processor circuitry, such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 1604A, central processing unit circuitry (CPU) 1604B, and graphics processing unit circuitry (GPU) 1604C. Processor 1604 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions (such as program code, software modules, or functional procedures from memory / storage device 1612) to cause UE 1600 to perform delay-adaptive operations as described herein. Processor 1604 may also include interface circuitry 1604D to communicatively couple processor circuitry to one or more other components of UE 1600. Any or a combination of processors 1604 may be configured to detect the LP-WUS payload. Specifically, when UE 1600 is in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE mode, the LP-WUS signal may be received and processed by the UE 1600's receive path to generate bits. These bits are passed to operations that can be performed on them as previously described (including...). Figure 14 The processor (of the described operation) processes the bit and determines the payload. Based on the payload, the processor can trigger UE 1600 to switch to RRC_CONNECTED mode.

[0120] In some implementations, the baseband processor circuit 1604A can access the communication protocol stack 1636 in the memory / storage device 1612 to communicate over a 3GPP-compliant network. Generally, the baseband processor circuit 1604A can access the communication protocol stack 1636 to perform user plane functions at the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, SDAP, and PDU layers; and control plane functions at the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and NAS layers. In some implementations, PHY layer operations may additionally / optionally be performed by components of the RF interface circuit 1608.

[0121] The baseband processor circuit 1604A can generate or process baseband signals or waveforms carrying information in a 3GPP-compliant network. In some implementations, the waveforms used for NR can be based on cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) in the uplink or downlink, and Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) in the uplink.

[0122] The memory / storage device 1612 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, which include instructions (e.g., a communication protocol stack 1636) that can be executed by one or more processors in the processor 1604 to cause the UE 1600 to perform various delay-adaptive operations described herein.

[0123] Memory / storage device 1612 includes any type of volatile or non-volatile memory that can be distributed throughout the UE 1600. In some embodiments, some memory / storage devices in memory / storage device 1612 may be located on the processor 1604 itself (e.g., memory / storage device 1612 may be part of a chipset corresponding to baseband processor circuitry 1604A), while other memory / storage devices 1612 are located external to the processor 1604 but can be accessed via a memory interface. Memory / storage device 1612 may include any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory, such as, but not limited to, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, solid-state memory, or any other type of memory device technology.

[0124] RF interface circuitry 1608 may include transceiver circuitry and a radio frequency front-end module (RFEM) that allows UE 1600 to communicate with other devices via a radio access network. RF interface circuitry 1608 may include various components arranged in the transmit or receive path. These components may include, for example, switches, mixers, amplifiers, filters, synthesizer circuitry, and control circuitry.

[0125] In the receiving path, the RFEM can receive the radiated signal from the air interface via antenna 1626 and continue to filter and amplify the signal (using a low-noise amplifier). This signal can be provided to the receiver of the transceiver, which downconverts the RF signal into a baseband signal that is provided to the baseband processor of processor 1604.

[0126] In the transmission path, the transceiver's transmitter up-converts the baseband signal received from the baseband processor and provides the RF signal to the RFEM. The RFEM can then amplify the RF signal using a power amplifier before it is radiated across the air interface via antenna 1626.

[0127] In various implementations, the RF interface circuit 1608 can be configured to transmit / receive signals in a manner compatible with NR access technology.

[0128] Antenna 1626 may include antenna elements to convert electrical signals into radio waves for propagation through the air, and to convert received radio waves back into electrical signals. These antenna elements may be arranged in one or more antenna panels. Antenna 1626 may have antenna panels that are omnidirectional, directional, or a combination thereof to enable beamforming and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication. Antenna 1626 may include a microstrip antenna, patch antenna, phased array antenna, or a printed antenna fabricated on the surface of one or more printed circuit boards. Antenna 1626 may have one or more panels designed for a specific frequency band, including bands in FR1 or FR2.

[0129] User interface 1616 includes various input / output (I / O) devices designed to enable users to interact with UE 1600. User interface 1616 includes input device circuitry and output device circuitry. Input device circuitry includes any physical or virtual components for accepting input, particularly including one or more physical or virtual buttons (e.g., a reset button), a physical keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touchpad, a touchscreen, a microphone, a scanner, a headset, etc. Output device circuitry includes any physical or virtual components for displaying information or otherwise conveying information, such as sensor readings, actuator positioning, or other similar information. Output device circuitry may include any number or combination of audio or visual displays, particularly including one or more simple visual outputs / indicators (e.g., binary status indicators such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and multi-character visual outputs), or more complex outputs (e.g., display devices or touchscreens such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), LED displays, quantum dot displays, and projectors)), wherein the output of characters, graphics, and multimedia objects, etc., is generated or produced through the operation of UE 1600.

[0130] Sensor 1620 may include a device, module, or subsystem designed to detect events or changes in its environment and transmit information about the detected events (sensor data) to another device, module, or subsystem. Examples of such sensors include: inertial measurement units including accelerometers, gyroscopes, or magnetometers; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) or nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) including 3-axis accelerometers, 3-axis gyroscopes, or magnetometers; level sensors; flow sensors; temperature sensors (e.g., thermistors); pressure sensors; barometric pressure sensors; gravimeters; altimeters; image capture devices (e.g., cameras or lensless aperture sensors); light detection and ranging sensors; proximity sensors (e.g., infrared radiation detectors); depth sensors; ambient light sensors; ultrasonic transceivers; and microphones or other similar audio capture devices.

[0131] The driving circuitry 1622 may include software and hardware elements that operate to control a specific device embedded in, attached to, or otherwise communicatively coupled to the UE 1600. The driving circuitry 1622 may include various drivers that allow other components to interact with or control various input / output (I / O) devices that may exist within or be connected to the UE 1600. For example, the driving circuitry 1622 may include: a display driver for controlling and allowing access to a display device; a touchscreen driver for controlling and allowing access to a touchscreen interface; a sensor driver for obtaining sensor readings of the sensor 1620 and controlling and allowing access to the sensor 1620; a driver for obtaining actuator positioning of an electromechanical component or controlling and allowing access to an electromechanical component; a camera driver for controlling and allowing access to an embedded image capture device; and an audio driver for controlling and allowing access to one or more audio devices.

[0132] The PMIC 1624 manages the power supplied to various components of the UE 1600. Specifically, relative to the processor 1604, the PMIC 1624 controls power source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-DC conversion.

[0133] Battery 1628 can power UE 1600, but in some examples, UE 1600 may be installed and deployed in a fixed location and may have a power source coupled to the power grid. Battery 1628 may be a lithium-ion battery, a metal-air battery (such as zinc-air batteries, aluminum-air batteries, lithium-air batteries, etc.). In some specific implementations, such as in vehicle-based applications, battery 1628 may be a typical lead-acid automotive battery.

[0134] Figure 17 Network device 1700 is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. Network device 1700 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with devices capable of generating and / or transmitting LP-WUS, such as base station 108, core network 152, or external data network 160.

[0135] Network device 1700 may include processor 1704, RF interface circuitry 1708 (in the case of being implemented as a base station), core network (CN) interface circuitry 1714, memory / storage device circuitry 1712, and antenna structure 1726.

[0136] The components of network device 1700 can be coupled to various other components via one or more interconnects 1728.

[0137] The processor 1704, RF interface circuit 1708, memory / storage device circuit 1712 (including communication protocol stack 1710), antenna structure 1726, and interconnect 1728 can be similar to those relative to... Figure 16 Elements with similar names as shown and described.

[0138] Processor 1704 may include processor circuitry, such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 1704A, central processing unit circuitry (CPU) 1704B, and graphics processing unit circuitry (GPU) 1704C. Processor 1704 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions (such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage device circuitry 1712) to cause network device 1700 to perform the operations described herein. Processor 1704 may also include interface circuitry 1704D for communicatively coupling the processor circuitry to one or more other components of network device 1700. Any or a combination of processors 1704 may be configured to generate an LP-WUS payload. Specifically, the processor may generate information bits, encode them using a specific encoding scheme, expand the encoded bits, modulate the encoded bits using OOK modulation, map the encoded bits to a sequence, and carry the sequence in OFDM symbols or portions thereof corresponding to OOK bit "1".

[0139] The CN interface circuit 1714 can provide connectivity to a core network, such as a 5GC using a 5G core network (5GC) compatible network interface protocol (such as carrier Ethernet protocol or some other suitable protocol). Network connectivity can be provided to / from network device 1700 via fiber optic or wireless backhaul. The CN interface circuit 1714 may include one or more dedicated processors or FPGAs for communicating using one or more of the aforementioned protocols. In some implementations, the CN interface circuit 1714 may include multiple controllers for providing connectivity to other networks using the same or different protocols.

[0140] As is widely recognized, the use of personally identifiable information should comply with privacy policies and practices that are generally accepted to meet or exceed industry or governmental requirements for protecting user privacy. Specifically, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of any permitted use should be clearly explained to the user.

[0141] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components shown in one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, or methods described in the Embodiments section below. For example, the baseband circuitry described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more embodiments described below. Similarly, circuitry associated with the UE, base station, network element, etc., described above in conjunction with one or more of the foregoing figures may be configured to operate according to one or more embodiments described in the Embodiments section below.

[0142] Example Further exemplary implementations are provided in the following sections.

[0143] Example 1 includes a method comprising: determining a first bit of a second bit of a payload corresponding to a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS); mapping a first subset of the first bit to a first sequence; generating the LP-WUS having the payload, wherein: the second bit of the payload is carried by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols modulated by using on-off keying (OOK) modulation, and a first OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbols carries the first sequence; and transmitting the LP-WUS.

[0144] Example 2 includes a method comprising: receiving a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) with a payload, wherein: a first bit of the payload is carried by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, the OFDM symbol being modulated using on-off keying (OOK) modulation, and a first subset of a second bit corresponding to the first bit of the payload is mapped to a first sequence; a first OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol carries the first sequence; and determining the payload based at least on the first sequence; and switching from an RRC_INACTIVE mode or an RRC_IDLE mode to an RRC_CONNECTED mode based on the payload.

[0145] Example 3 includes a method comprising: processing a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) with a payload, wherein: a first bit of the payload is carried by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, the OFDM symbol being modulated using on-off keying (OOK) modulation, and a first subset of a second bit corresponding to the first bit of the payload is mapped to a first sequence; a first OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol carries the first sequence; and the payload is determined based at least on the first sequence.

[0146] Example 4 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprising: mapping the first bit to a sequence, wherein each sequence corresponds to a different subset of the first bit, wherein the first OFDM symbol corresponds to an on value of the OOK modulation and carries the first sequence based on the on value, wherein a second OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol corresponds to an off value, and wherein neither of the sequences is carried in the second OFDM symbol based on the off value.

[0147] Example 5 includes the method of any of the foregoing embodiments, the method further comprising: generating the second bit by encoding at least the information bits of the payload, wherein the first bit is the same as the second bit.

[0148] Example 6 includes the method of any of the foregoing embodiments, the method further comprising: generating the second bit by encoding at least the information bits of the payload based on a first encoding scheme; and generating the first bit by encoding at least the information bits based on a second encoding scheme different from the first encoding scheme.

[0149] Example 7 includes the method of any of the foregoing embodiments, the method further comprising: generating the first bit based on an encoding scheme applied to the information bits of the payload, such that the first bit includes repeating bits and non-repeating bits, wherein the repeating bits are represented by “…” in the OFDM symbol. K "Each OFDM symbol carries non-repeating bits, which are generated by the " in the OFDM symbol L "One OFDM symbol carries, among which" K "and" L " is a positive integer, and the " is a positive integer. L "One OFDM symbol in the " K Before the OFDM symbol.

[0150] Example 8 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprising: generating a third bit based on an encoding scheme applied to the information bits of the payload; and generating the first bit based on a cyclic extension of the third bit.

[0151] Example 9 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprising: generating a third bit based on an encoding scheme applied to the information bits of the payload; and generating the first bit based on padding bits added to the third bit.

[0152] Example 10 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first subset of the first bit is mapped to the first sequence based on a first bit-to-sequence mapping, and the method further includes: mapping a second subset of the first bit to a second sequence based on a second bit-to-sequence mapping different from the first bit-to-sequence mapping, wherein the second subset has a different size than the first subset.

[0153] Example 11 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprising: generating the first bit and the second bit based on the information bits of the payload; and rearranging the first bit, wherein the first subset is determined from the rearranged first bit and mapped to the first sequence.

[0154] Example 12 includes the method of Example 11, wherein the first bit is rearranged in the reverse order of the second bit.

[0155] Example 13 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprising: generating the first bit based on the information bits of the payload; dividing the first bit into a plurality of ordered subsets, the plurality of ordered subsets including a first subset and a second subset of the first bit, wherein the second subset precedes the plurality of ordered subsets; and mapping the second subset of the first bit to a second sequence, wherein a second OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbols carries the second subset, and wherein the first OFDM symbol is transmitted before the second OFDM symbol.

[0156] Example 14 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the payload is determined by processing a sequence carried by a subset of the OFDM symbols and discarding processing of OOK symbols corresponding to the OOK modulation, and wherein each sequence is carried by a different OFDM symbol in a subset of the OFDM symbols.

[0157] Example 15 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the payload is determined by processing a sequence carried by a subset of the OFDM symbols and by processing a subset of the OOK symbols corresponding to the OOK modulation.

[0158] Example 16 includes the method of any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the first bit of the payload is composed of " K "One OFDM symbol is carried, wherein the payload is processed by the " K "In OFDM symbols" L "One OFDM symbol and the abandonment of the processing" K "In OFDM symbols" MIt is determined by a number of OFDM symbols, where " K "", L "and" M "is a positive integer and " L = K + M ”, and the “ L "One OFDM symbol in the " K Before the OFDM symbol.

[0159] Example 17 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprising: determining an on-state value for the first OFDM symbol corresponding to the OOK modulation; and determining the first sequence by processing the first OFDM symbol based on the on-state value.

[0160] Example 18 includes the method of Example 17, the method further comprising: determining that a second OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol corresponds to a shutdown value of the OOK modulation; and determining, based on the shutdown value, that the second OFDM symbol does not carry a sequence.

[0161] Example 19 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the payload is determined based on the order in which the second bit is arranged relative to the first bit.

[0162] Example 20 includes the method of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein a second subset of the second bit is mapped to a second sequence, wherein the second sequence is carried by a second OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol, wherein the second OFDM symbol is received after the first OFDM symbol, and wherein the second bit is divided into a plurality of ordered subsets, wherein the second subsets are ordered before the first subsets.

[0163] Example 20 includes the method of any of the foregoing embodiments, the method further comprising: receiving from the UE a first indication of a change in the configuration of the receiver; and transmitting to the UE a second indication to perform a measurement based on the first indication, wherein at least one of an MSD measurement or a SIR measurement is performed based on the second indication.

[0164] Example 21 includes a user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, configure the UE to perform the methods described in or related to any of the preceding embodiments.

[0165] Example 22 includes one or more computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed on a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform operations including those operations described in or related to any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0166] Example 23 includes an apparatus comprising one or more elements for performing the methods described in or related to any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0167] Example 24 includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media including instructions to cause a device to perform one or more elements of the methods described in or related to any of the foregoing embodiments when the instructions are executed by one or more processors of the device.

[0168] Example 25 includes an apparatus comprising logic components, modules, or processing circuitry configured to perform one or more elements of the methods described in or associated with any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0169] Example 26 includes a device, a network, a base station, or a system, wherein the device, network, base station, or system comprises: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media, the one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the methods described in or related to any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0170] Unless otherwise expressly stated, any of the above embodiments may be combined with any other embodiment (or combination of embodiments). The foregoing description of one or more specific embodiments provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. In view of the teachings above, modifications and variations are possible, or modifications and variations may be obtained from practice of various embodiments.

[0171] Although the above embodiments have been described in considerable detail, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully understood. It is intended that the following claims be construed as encompassing all such variations and modifications.

Claims

1. A method, the method comprising: Determine the first bit of the second bit of the payload corresponding to the low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS); Map a first subset of the first bit to a first sequence; Generate the LP-WUS with the stated payload, wherein: The second bit of the payload is carried by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. The OFDM symbol is modulated using on-off keying (OOK) modulation, and The first OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol carries the first sequence; and Send the LP-WUS.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The first bit is mapped to a sequence, wherein each sequence corresponds to a different subset of the first bit, wherein the first OFDM symbol corresponds to an on value of the OOK modulation and carries the first sequence based on the on value, wherein the second OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol corresponds to an off value, and wherein neither of the sequences is carried in the second OFDM symbol based on the off value.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The second bit is generated by encoding at least the information bits of the payload, wherein the first bit is the same as the second bit.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The second bit is generated by encoding at least the information bits of the payload based on the first encoding scheme; as well as The first bit is generated by encoding at least the information bit using a second encoding scheme that is different from the first encoding scheme.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The first bit is generated based on the encoding scheme applied to the information bits of the payload, such that the first bit includes repeating bits and non-repeating bits, wherein the repeating bits are formed by the "" in the OFDM symbol. K "Each OFDM symbol carries non-repeating bits, which are generated by the OFDM symbol." L "One OFDM symbol carries, among which" K "and" L " is a positive integer, and the " is given by the given " L "One OFDM symbol in" K Before the OFDM symbol.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The third bit is generated based on the encoding scheme of the information bits applied to the payload; as well as The first bit is generated based on the cyclic expansion of the third bit.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The third bit is generated based on the encoding scheme of the information bits applied to the payload; as well as The first bit is generated based on the padding bits added to the third bit.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first subset of the first bit is mapped to the first sequence based on a first bit-to-sequence mapping, and the method further comprises: A second subset of the first bit is mapped to a second sequence based on a second bit-to-sequence mapping that is different from the first bit-to-sequence mapping, wherein the second subset has a different size than the first subset.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The first bit and the second bit are generated based on the information bits of the payload; as well as The first bit is rearranged, wherein the first subset is determined from the rearranged first bit and mapped to the first sequence.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first bit is rearranged in the reverse order of the second bit.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The first bit is generated based on the information bits of the payload; The first bit is divided into multiple ordered subsets, the multiple ordered subsets including the first subset and the second subset of the first bit, wherein the second subset precedes the multiple ordered subsets. as well as The second subset of the first bit is mapped to a second sequence, wherein the second OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol carries the second subset, and wherein the first OFDM symbol is transmitted before the second OFDM symbol.

12. A method, the method comprising: Receive a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) with a payload, wherein: The first bit of the payload is carried by an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. The OFDM symbol is modulated using on-off keying (OOK) modulation, and A first subset of the second bits corresponding to the first bit of the payload is mapped to a first sequence; The first OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol carries the first sequence; and The payload is determined at least based on the first sequence; and The system switches from RRC_INACTIVE mode or RRC_IDLE mode to RRC_CONNECTED mode based on the payload.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the payload is determined by processing sequences carried by a subset of the OFDM symbols and discarding processing of OOK symbols corresponding to the OOK modulation, and wherein each sequence is carried by a different OFDM symbol in a subset of the OFDM symbols.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the payload is determined by processing a sequence carried by a subset of the OFDM symbols and by processing a subset of the OOK symbols corresponding to the OOK modulation.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the first bit of the payload is composed of " K "One OFDM symbol is carried, wherein the payload is processed by the " K "In a number of OFDM symbols" L "One OFDM symbol and the abandonment of processing" K "In a number of OFDM symbols" M "It is determined by OFDM symbols, where" K "、" L "and" M "is a positive integer and" L = K + M ”, and the “ L "One OFDM symbol in" K Before the OFDM symbol.

16. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Determine the first OFDM symbol to correspond to the on-state value of the OOK modulation; as well as The first sequence is determined by processing the first OFDM symbol based on the activation value.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: Determine that the second OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbols corresponds to the off value of the OOK modulation; as well as The second OFDM symbol is determined not to carry a sequence based on the shut-off value.

18. An apparatus comprising: Processing circuit, the processing circuit being configured to: Processing low-power wake-up signals (LP-WUS) with payloads, wherein: The first bit of the payload is carried by an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol. The OFDM symbol is modulated using on-off keying (OOK) modulation, and A first subset of the second bits corresponding to the first bit of the payload is mapped to a first sequence; The first OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol carries the first sequence; and The payload is determined based at least on the first sequence.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the payload is determined based on the order in which the second bit is arranged relative to the first bit.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein a second subset of the second bit is mapped to a second sequence, wherein the second sequence is carried by a second OFDM symbol in the OFDM symbol, wherein the second OFDM symbol is received after the first OFDM symbol, and wherein the second bit is divided into a plurality of ordered subsets, wherein the second subsets are ordered before the first subsets.

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