A high-temperature-resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of thermal insulation technology, and relates to a high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material, its preparation method, and its application. The raw materials for preparing the thermal insulation material include high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm, a surface modifier, a low thermal conductivity material, and an infrared radiation material. It has a three-dimensional network structure: first, roughness is created on the fiber surface, then a surface modifier is added to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber. The surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber forms a three-dimensional network scaffold. The low thermal conductivity material and the infrared radiation material are dispersed within the three-dimensional network scaffold, thus forming a three-dimensional network structure. Through the three-dimensional network scaffold, a three-dimensional protection matrix of "0.0236W / mk ultra-low thermal conductivity + 1200℃ extreme protection + controllable compressive strain" is constructed, reducing the thermal conductivity, improving heat resistance, imparting controllable compressive deformation capability, and realizing the function of one material replacing four existing commercially available materials: mica sheets, fire-retardant coatings, aerogel felt, and foam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermal insulation technology, and relates to a high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries have complex internal chemical reactions. Under abnormal conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, and short circuits, the cells are prone to thermal runaway, generating a large amount of heat. Once thermal runaway occurs, it can rapidly spread to adjacent cells, causing the temperature of the entire battery pack to rise sharply and ignite a fire. Fires in new energy vehicles burn quickly and at high temperatures, making conventional firefighting methods ineffective, posing a significant threat to life and property. Battery fires can also lead to explosions, causing even more severe secondary injuries. While lithium-ion battery technology continues to innovate and upgrade, gradually increasing battery energy, significantly improving vehicle range, and shortening charging time, the inherent problem of thermal runaway and the resulting fire risks remain, increasingly attracting attention and concern from society. To a certain extent, "safety anxiety" remains a significant bottleneck restricting the development of lithium-ion batteries.

[0003] Thermal insulation materials are key components in lithium batteries used to block heat transfer and improve safety. Currently, the main thermal insulation materials used in the market include fire-retardant coatings, mica sheets, aerogel felt, aerogel sheets, fire-retardant foam, thermally conductive sheets, or thermally conductive gels. However, these thermal insulation materials have limited functions, high density, occupy a lot of space, are expensive, have a large overall volume, are heavy, and come in many varieties, resulting in limited overall protective effects and affecting vehicle energy density and driving range. For example, fire-retardant coatings are used for fire prevention and flame retardancy but lack compressibility and have poor thermal insulation effects; fire-retardant foam is used to prevent cell expansion and breathing, and mostly uses flammable organic materials such as polyurethane or silicone. Although flame retardants are added, it is still considered a combustible material, and its thermal insulation effect is poor, requiring combination use; while aerogel felt has good strength, its high thermal conductivity makes it generally not resistant to high temperatures, resulting in limited thermal insulation effects; aerogel sheets have high rigidity, low strength, and are prone to collapse, which limits their large-scale application, resulting in current new energy vehicles not being equipped with efficient protective materials, posing safety hazards. Furthermore, mica sheets and similar materials are high-density, rigid materials. They are not only heavy and have poor thermal insulation, but they are also prone to cracking under localized impacts or mechanical stress, thus losing their protective function. Judging from the numerous safety accidents involving new energy vehicles, the aforementioned traditional thermal insulation materials, in the event of battery thermal runaway, only last a few seconds to a dozen seconds from impact to explosion, leaving no time for escape or rescue. Their protective effect is extremely limited and cannot effectively prevent the spread of thermal runaway. While some have suggested using them in conjunction with fire suppression systems, these systems are bulky, and the fire suppression fluid is heavy, increasing costs, encroaching on battery space, adding weight, and severely impacting range. Therefore, in terms of performance balance, traditional materials struggle to achieve a balance in thermal barrier properties, impact resistance, high-temperature resistance, and compressibility, failing to meet the comprehensive requirements of lithium battery pack design.

[0004] Currently, to overcome the shortcomings of thermal insulation materials, active exploration has been conducted in the field of aerogel-based thermal insulation materials. Performance is improved by adding infrared shading agents and fiber additives to aerogel. For example, Chinese patent CN111825423 discloses a high-efficiency thermal insulation sheet, including a substrate layer and a coating layer. The substrate layer is composed of aerogel powder, infrared shading agent, and short fibers, achieving high-efficiency thermal insulation effects in different medium and high temperature ranges. Another example is CN115449194, which discloses an aerogel battery cell thermal insulation sheet made of PET, an aerogel thermal insulation composition, and additives. The aerogel thermal insulation composition includes aerogel, shading agent, and high-silica glass fiber. However, these studies all employ a method of directly mixing all raw materials, failing to form a good three-dimensional network structure. This disorder leads to many shortcomings in the performance of the thermal insulation materials.

[0005] The market urgently needs a new generation of thermal insulation and protection products that are multifunctional, lightweight, compressible, and resistant to high temperatures and impacts. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material, its preparation method, and its application, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0007] The first objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material, the raw materials for which are prepared include high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm, surface modifiers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials;

[0009] The surface treatment agent is one or more of silane coupling agents, melamine, and polysaccharides;

[0010] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, a certain roughness is made on the fiber surface, and then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber. The surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber forms a three-dimensional network support structure under a special dispersion process. Low thermal conductivity material and infrared radiation material are dispersed in the three-dimensional network support, thereby forming a three-dimensional network structure.

[0011] The special dispersion process described here is... Figure 2 The process takes place in a disperser.

[0012] Preferably, the raw materials for preparation include the following components by weight: high temperature resistant fiber: 5-25 parts, surface modifier: 0.5-5 parts, low thermal conductivity material: 40-65 parts, and infrared radiation material: 3-10 parts.

[0013] Preferably, the raw materials for preparation further include inorganic nanoparticles and / or elastic polymers.

[0014] Preferably, the inorganic nanoparticles are 5 to 25 parts by weight; preferably, the inorganic nanoparticles are one or more of nano-zirconium silicate, nano-aluminum silicate, nano-alumina, nano-zirconium oxide, nano-magnesium oxide, nano-titanium oxide, and nano-zinc oxide, with a D50 particle size of 1 to 100 nm.

[0015] Preferably, the elastic polymer is 1 to 10 parts by weight; preferably, the elastic polymer is one or more of rubber, polyphosphazene, and thermoplastic elastic materials.

[0016] Preferably, when the raw materials for preparation also include inorganic nanoparticles, the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, a certain roughness is created on the fiber surface, then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface modifier layer, and then inorganic nanoparticles are coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber; the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber forms a three-dimensional network support structure under a special dispersion process, and low thermal conductivity materials and infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the three-dimensional network support, thereby constituting a three-dimensional network structure;

[0017] When the raw materials for preparation also include elastic polymers, the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, a certain roughness is created on the fiber surface, and then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber; the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber forms a three-dimensional network support structure under a special dispersion process, and low thermal conductivity materials, elastic polymers and infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the three-dimensional network support, thereby constituting a three-dimensional network structure high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material;

[0018] When the raw materials for preparation also include inorganic nanoparticles and elastic polymers, the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, a certain roughness is created on the fiber surface, then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface modifier layer, and then inorganic nanoparticles are coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber; the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber forms a three-dimensional network support structure under a special dispersion process, and the elastic polymer, low thermal conductivity material and infrared radiation material are dispersed in the three-dimensional network support, thereby constituting a three-dimensional network structure high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material.

[0019] Preferably, the high-temperature resistant fiber includes one or more of glass fiber, high-silica fiber, carbon nanotube, basalt fiber, carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber, and zirconium oxide fiber;

[0020] Preferably, the diameter of the high-temperature resistant fiber is 1 to 100 μm, and the aspect ratio of the high-temperature resistant fiber is 100 to 1500.

[0021] Preferably, the silane coupling agent includes one or more of aminosilane coupling agents, mercaptosilane coupling agents, epoxysilane coupling agents, and methacryloxysilane coupling agents;

[0022] Preferably, the polysaccharide is one or more of starch, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and sodium alginate;

[0023] Preferably, the low thermal conductivity material includes one or a combination of several of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, titanium dioxide aerogel, silicon carbide aerogel, and titanium dioxide-silica aerogel, and the D50 of the low thermal conductivity material is 1 to 200 nm.

[0024] Preferably, the infrared radiation material includes one or a combination of several of silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, rutile titanium dioxide, heat-reflective titanium dioxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and lanthanum oxide, and the D50 of the infrared radiation material is 5 to 100 μm.

[0025] Preferably, the method for preparing high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm includes the following steps: feeding high-temperature resistant fibers into a disperser, the inner wall of which is provided with needle-shaped crossbars and the bottom of which has a vibrating base, and introducing high-temperature and high-speed gas into the disperser. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fibers rub against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm.

[0026] The second objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0027] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material, wherein the raw materials for preparing the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material include: high-temperature resistant fibers, surface modifiers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials;

[0028] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0029] S1. The high-temperature resistant fiber is fed into the disperser. The inner wall of the disperser is distributed with needle-shaped crossbars and the bottom has a vibrating base. High-temperature and high-speed gas is introduced into the disperser. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fiber rubs against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain a high-temperature resistant fiber with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm.

[0030] S2. Subsequently, the surface modifier solution is fed into the disperser by atomized spraying to form a surface modifier layer on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber, thereby obtaining a dry and dispersed surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber.

[0031] S3. The planetary mixer vacuum-draws in the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber and other remaining raw materials, and mixes them to form a mixture.

[0032] S4. Place the mixture into the molding groove, flatten it, and then mold it into a heat insulation material.

[0033] The third objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0034] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material, wherein the raw materials for preparing the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material include: high-temperature resistant fibers, surface modifiers, inorganic nanoparticles, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials.

[0035] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0036] S1. The high-temperature resistant fiber is fed into the disperser. The inner wall of the disperser is distributed with needle-shaped crossbars and the bottom has a vibrating base. High-temperature and high-speed gas is introduced into the disperser. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fiber rubs against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain a high-temperature resistant fiber with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm.

[0037] S2. Subsequently, the surface modifier solution is fed into the disperser by atomized spraying to form a surface modifier layer on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber.

[0038] S3. Then, the inorganic nanopowder is fed into the disperser so that the inorganic nanopowder is coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a nanopowder layer and obtain the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber.

[0039] S4. The mixer vacuum-draws in the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber and other remaining raw materials, and mixes them to form a mixture.

[0040] S5. Place the mixture into the molding groove, flatten it, and then mold it into a heat insulation material.

[0041] Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature, high-velocity gas is 60–100°C; and the velocity of the high-temperature, high-velocity gas is >10 m / s.

[0042] Preferably, the molding parameters include: temperature of 10-40℃, pressure of 5-20T, and holding time of 5-60s.

[0043] Preferably, when the raw material includes an elastic polymer, the molding process is a gradient molding process, with the following stages: first stage: 10-40℃, 5-12T, holding pressure for 2-20s; second stage: 42-70℃, 13-25T, holding pressure for 2-20s; third stage: 72-100℃, 26-50T, holding pressure for 2-20s.

[0044] Preferably, the disperser comprises:

[0045] The outer shell is hollow, and a first cavity is provided on the outer shell, and an outlet pipe is connected to the first cavity and serves as a high-temperature and high-speed gas outlet channel;

[0046] A hollow inner liner is installed in the first cavity, and there is a gap between the outer side wall of the inner liner and the inner side wall of the outer shell. A second cavity is provided on the inner liner, and multiple hollow needle-shaped crossbars are provided on the cavity wall of the second cavity. One end of each needle-shaped crossbar is located in the first cavity and the other end is located in the second cavity. A transition channel connecting the first cavity and the second cavity is provided on each needle-shaped crossbar.

[0047] The powder feed pipe, surface treatment agent feed pipe, and air inlet pipe are connected at one end to the inner liner and communicate with the second cavity, and at the other end extend away from the inner liner and penetrate the outer shell.

[0048] The fourth objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0049] Application of the above-mentioned high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material or the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in the thermal insulation of lithium batteries.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] 1. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material provided by this invention has a three-dimensional network structure. The three-dimensional network structure includes: a surface modifier coating on the rough surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a surface modifier layer; inorganic nanoparticles coating the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form surface-coated high-temperature resistant fibers; the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fibers form a three-dimensional network scaffold; and other remaining raw materials are dispersed in the three-dimensional network scaffold. A three-dimensional protection matrix of "0.0236W / mk ultra-low thermal conductivity + 1200℃ extreme protection + controllable compressive strain" is constructed through the three-dimensional network scaffold, realizing the function of replacing four existing materials on the market—mica sheets, fire-retardant coatings, aerogel felt, and foam—with one material. The volume of the same protective material is reduced by more than 20% in terms of weight and space saving. The saved space can accommodate more batteries, increasing the range of battery packs with different capacity densities by 5-30%.

[0052] 2. The thermal insulation material provided by this invention has a very low thermal conductivity, ranging from 0.0143 to 0.0236 W / mk, far lower than that of traditional materials. This can reduce the temperature rise rate of adjacent cells in the battery pack by more than 90%. The 3.3mm thermal insulation material prepared by this invention, after being continuously burned in a 1200℃ flame for 30 minutes, maintains a back temperature within the safe threshold of 200℃, breaking through the high-temperature resistance limit of existing protective materials. The unique microstructure design enables controllable compression deformation capability, with measured compression of more than 32% at 1.0MPa and more than 45% at 2.0MPa, effectively absorbing the expansion stress generated during battery charging and discharging, and extending battery life. In the test, three 73Ah battery cells sandwiched the thermal insulation sheet. One of the battery cells was heated to thermal runaway. The thermal insulation sheet did not puncture in the cell explosion test, effectively delaying the explosion time of the second battery cell by more than 1300 seconds, providing sufficient time for safe rescue and personnel escape.

[0053] 3. The present invention further adds an elastic polymer to the heat insulation sheet formulation, which is beneficial to improving the compressive deformation performance of the material, thereby improving the explosion-proof performance and extending the time of secondary explosion.

[0054] 4. When the raw materials of the present invention include elastic polymers, further research has found that gradient molding process is beneficial to improving the compressibility of thermal insulation materials.

[0055] 5. By rationally designing the thickness and distribution of the heat insulation sheet, the energy density of the battery pack can be maximized while ensuring safety, reducing material costs, and enhancing the market competitiveness of new energy vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional network structure of the thermal insulation material of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the disperser provided by the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling location for the compressive strain test in this invention;

[0059] Figure 4 SEM image of commercially available high-silica fibers;

[0060] Figure 5 This is an SEM image of the surface-coated high-silica fibers obtained in step S3 of Example 4;

[0061] Figure 6 The temperature resistance test curve of the heat insulation sheet;

[0062] Figure 7 This is a photograph of the heat insulation sheet of Example 4 after thermal runaway of the battery cell;

[0063] Figure 8 The thermal runaway temperature rise curve of the battery cells arranged at intervals from the heat insulation sheet in Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0064] In the following description, embodiments of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material and its preparation method according to the present invention will be described in detail. However, these embodiments are exemplary, and the disclosure of the present invention is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings used herein are merely for better illustration of the disclosed content of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection.

[0065] Some embodiments of the present invention provide a high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material, the raw materials for which include high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm, surface modifiers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials;

[0066] The surface modifier is one or more of silane coupling agents, melamine, and polysaccharides;

[0067] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, a certain roughness is created on the fiber surface, then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber. The surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber forms a three-dimensional network scaffold under a special dispersion process. Low thermal conductivity materials and infrared radiation materials are dispersed within the three-dimensional network scaffold, thus constituting a three-dimensional network structure. This three-dimensional network structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0068] Preferably, the raw materials for preparation include the following components by weight: high temperature resistant fiber: 5-25 parts, surface modifier: 0.5-5 parts, low thermal conductivity material: 40-65 parts, and infrared radiation material: 3-10 parts.

[0069] Preferably, the high-temperature resistant fiber includes one or more of the following: glass fiber, high-silica fiber, carbon nanotube, basalt fiber, carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber, and zirconium oxide fiber.

[0070] The high-temperature resistant fiber used in the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material of this invention has a surface roughness Ra ≥ 3 μm. Preferably, the surface roughness Ra of the high-temperature resistant fiber is 5–80 μm, more preferably 8–50 μm, and even more preferably 10–40 μm. The diameter of the high-temperature resistant fiber used is 1–100 μm, preferably 2–50 μm, and even more preferably 3–20 μm. The aspect ratio of the high-temperature resistant fiber is 100–1500, preferably 200–1000.

[0071] Preferably, the high-temperature resistant fiber is a high-silica fiber, which refers to high-purity glass fiber with a silica content of 96 wt% or more.

[0072] Preferably, the method for preparing high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm includes the following steps: feeding high-temperature resistant fibers into a disperser, the inner wall of which is provided with needle-shaped crossbars and the bottom of which has a vibrating base, and introducing high-temperature and high-speed gas into the disperser. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fibers rub against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm.

[0073] Preferably, the preparation method of the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber includes the following steps: feeding the high-temperature resistant fiber into a disperser, the inner wall of which is distributed with needle-shaped crossbars and the bottom has a vibrating base, and passing high-temperature high-speed gas into the disperser. Under the impact of the high-temperature high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fiber rubs against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain a high-temperature resistant fiber with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm; then, a surface modifier solution is conveyed into the disperser by atomization spraying to form a surface modifier layer on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to obtain a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber.

[0074] Preferably, the surface modifier is one or more selected from silane coupling agents, melamine, and polysaccharides. Silane coupling agents include one or more selected from aminosilane coupling agents, mercaptosilane coupling agents, epoxysilane coupling agents, and methacryloxysilane coupling agents. Optionally, the silane coupling agent is one or more selected from KH-550, KH-560, KH-570, KH-580, and KH-590. The polysaccharide is one or more selected from starch, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and sodium alginate.

[0075] Preferably, the surface modifier is melamine. When the surface modifier is melamine, the insulation system has a better effect.

[0076] Preferably, the low thermal conductivity material comprises one or a combination of several aerogel materials selected from silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, titanium dioxide aerogel, silicon carbide aerogel, and titanium dioxide-silica aerogel. More preferably, it is a mixture of silica aerogel and alumina aerogel formed at a mass ratio of 1:0.2–5. The D50 of the low thermal conductivity material is 1–200 nm, preferably 5–100 nm, and more preferably 10–50 nm.

[0077] Preferably, the infrared radiation material comprises one or a combination of several of the following materials: silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, rutile titanium dioxide, heat-reflective titanium dioxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and lanthanum oxide. More preferably, it is a mixture of silicon carbide and heat-reflective titanium dioxide in a mass ratio of 1 to 10:1. The D50 of the infrared radiation material is 5 to 100 μm, preferably 10 to 50 μm.

[0078] This invention utilizes high-temperature resistant fibers. By increasing the surface roughness, surface modifiers are stably bonded, thereby increasing the number of surface-active groups. This facilitates the tight bonding of other components with the fibers through chemical bonding, significantly improving the fibers' high-temperature resistance. The surface-coated high-temperature resistant fibers, under a special dispersion process, interweave and entangle to form a three-dimensional network skeleton, providing mechanical support and spatial structure for the entire material. Nanoscale low-thermal-conductivity materials are filled within the three-dimensional network scaffold, effectively inhibiting heat conduction by gas molecules. Micrometer-level infrared radiation materials are dispersed within the network, reflecting and scattering infrared radiation in high-temperature environments to prevent radiative heat penetration. The micro-nano structure formed by the micro-nano composite of nanoscale low-thermal-conductivity materials and micrometer-level infrared radiation materials facilitates the formation of low thermal conductivity in the insulation material. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof insulation material of this invention exhibits excellent low thermal conductivity, high-temperature resistance, and compressibility.

[0079] Some embodiments of the present invention provide another high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material, the raw materials for which include high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm, surface modifiers, inorganic nanopowders, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials;

[0080] The surface modifier is one or more of silane coupling agents, melamine, and polysaccharides;

[0081] The inorganic nanopowder is one or more of nano-zirconium silicate, nano-aluminum silicate, nano-alumina, nano-zirconium oxide, nano-magnesium oxide, nano-titanium oxide, and nano-zinc oxide, with a D50 particle size of 1-100 nm.

[0082] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, a certain roughness is created on the fiber surface, then a surface modifier is added to graft and modify the surface to form a surface modifier layer, and then inorganic nanoparticles are coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber; the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber forms a three-dimensional network support structure under a special dispersion process, and low thermal conductivity materials and infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the three-dimensional network support, thereby constituting a three-dimensional network structure.

[0083] Preferably, the raw materials for preparation include the following components by weight: high temperature resistant fiber: 5-25 parts, surface modifier: 0.5-5 parts, inorganic nanoparticles: 5-25 parts, low thermal conductivity material: 40-65 parts, and infrared radiation material: 3-10 parts.

[0084] Preferably, the inorganic nanopowder is nano-zirconium silicate and / or nano-zirconium oxide.

[0085] The D50 particle size of the inorganic nanoparticles is 1–100 nm, preferably 10–80 nm, and more preferably 20–60 nm.

[0086] Preferably, the preparation method of the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber includes the following steps: feeding the high-temperature resistant fiber into a disperser, the inner wall of which is distributed with needle-shaped crossbars and the bottom has a vibrating base; passing high-temperature and high-speed gas into the disperser; under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fiber rubs against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain a high-temperature resistant fiber with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm; then, conveying a surface modifier solution into the disperser by atomization spraying to form a surface modifier layer on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber; then, feeding inorganic nanoparticles into the disperser so that the inorganic nanoparticles coat the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to obtain a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber.

[0087] The limitations for high-temperature resistant fibers, high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm, surface modifiers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials are the same as those mentioned above.

[0088] This invention utilizes high-temperature resistant fibers. By increasing the surface roughness, surface modifiers are stably bonded, thereby increasing the number of surface-active groups. This facilitates the tight bonding of other components with inorganic nanoparticles through chemical bonding, preventing functional failure due to debonding of inorganic nanoparticles at high temperatures and significantly improving the high-temperature resistance of the fibers. The surface-coated high-temperature resistant fibers, under a special dispersion process, interweave and entangle to form a three-dimensional network skeleton, providing mechanical support and spatial structure for the entire material. Inorganic nanoparticles are deposited and distributed on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fibers, resulting in the fiber surface being coated with nanoparticles resistant to higher temperatures, thus enhancing the system's temperature resistance. Nanoscale low thermal conductivity materials are filled in the three-dimensional network scaffold, effectively inhibiting the thermal conduction of gas molecules. Micron-level infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the network, reflecting and scattering infrared radiation in high-temperature environments, preventing radiative heat penetration of the material. The micro-nano structure formed by the micro-nano composite of nanoscale low thermal conductivity materials and micron-level infrared radiation materials facilitates the formation of low thermal conductivity in the insulation material. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof insulation material of this invention forms a composite insulation system with excellent high-temperature resistance.

[0089] Some embodiments of the present invention provide a third type of high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material, the raw materials for which include high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm, surface modifiers, elastic polymers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials;

[0090] The surface modifier is one or more of silane coupling agents, melamine, and polysaccharides;

[0091] The elastic polymer is one or more of rubber, polyphosphazene, and thermoplastic elastic materials;

[0092] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, a certain roughness is made on the fiber surface, and then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber; the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber forms a three-dimensional network support structure under a special dispersion process, and low thermal conductivity materials, elastic polymers and infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the three-dimensional network support, thereby forming a three-dimensional network structure.

[0093] Preferably, the raw materials include the following components by weight: high-temperature resistant fiber: 5-25 parts, surface modifier: 0.5-5 parts, elastic polymer: 1-10 parts, low thermal conductivity material: 40-65 parts, and infrared radiation material: 3-10 parts.

[0094] The limitations for high-temperature resistant fibers, high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm, surface modifiers, aerogels, and infrared radiation materials are the same as those mentioned above.

[0095] The elastic polymer is one or more of rubber, polyphosphazene, and thermoplastic elastomer; the rubber is one or more of styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, and nitrile rubber; and the thermoplastic elastomer is one or more of styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyurethane, and polyester.

[0096] Preferably, the elastic polymer is polyphosphazene.

[0097] Preferably, the particle size of the elastic polymer is 100-500 μm.

[0098] This invention utilizes high-temperature resistant fibers. By increasing the surface roughness, surface modifiers are stably bonded, thereby increasing the number of surface-active groups. This facilitates the tight bonding of other components with the fibers through chemical bonding, significantly improving the high-temperature resistance of the fibers. The surface-coated high-temperature resistant fibers, under a special dispersion process, interweave and entangle to form a three-dimensional network skeleton, providing mechanical support and spatial structure for the entire material. Nanoscale low thermal conductivity materials are filled within the three-dimensional network scaffold, effectively inhibiting heat conduction by gas molecules. Micrometer-level infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the network, reflecting and scattering infrared radiation in high-temperature environments to prevent radiative heat penetration. The micro-nano structure formed by the micro-nano composite of nanoscale low thermal conductivity materials and micrometer-level infrared radiation materials facilitates the formation of low thermal conductivity in the insulation material. Elastic polymers are dispersed within the three-dimensional network scaffold, improving the controllable compressibility of the material. The addition of elastic polymers further enhances the bonding strength, ultimately improving the impact resistance of the insulation sheet under the elastic three-dimensional network. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof insulation material provided by this invention has excellent high-temperature insulation performance and superior impact resistance.

[0099] Some embodiments of the present invention provide a fourth type of high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material, the raw materials for which include high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm, surface modifiers, inorganic nanopowders, elastic polymers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials;

[0100] The surface modifier is one or more of silane coupling agents, melamine, and polysaccharides;

[0101] The inorganic nanopowder is one or more of nano-zirconium silicate, nano-aluminum silicate, nano-alumina, nano-zirconium oxide, nano-magnesium oxide, nano-titanium oxide, and nano-zinc oxide, with a D50 particle size of 1-100 nm.

[0102] The elastic polymer is one or more of rubber, polyphosphazene, and thermoplastic elastomer;

[0103] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, a certain roughness is created on the fiber surface, then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface modifier layer, and then inorganic nanoparticles are coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber; the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber forms a three-dimensional network scaffold under a special dispersion process, and elastic polymers, low thermal conductivity materials and infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the three-dimensional network scaffold, thereby constituting a three-dimensional network structure.

[0104] Preferably, the raw materials for preparation include the following components by weight: high temperature resistant fiber: 5-25 parts, surface modifier: 0.5-5 parts, elastic polymer: 1-10 parts, inorganic nanoparticles: 5-25 parts, low thermal conductivity material: 40-65 parts, and infrared radiation material: 3-10 parts.

[0105] The limitations for high-temperature resistant fibers, high-temperature resistant fibers with surface roughness Ra≥3μm, surface modifiers, elastic polymers, inorganic nanopowders, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials are the same as those mentioned above.

[0106] This invention utilizes high-temperature resistant fibers. By increasing the surface roughness, surface modifiers are stably bonded, thereby increasing the number of surface-active groups. This facilitates the tight bonding of inorganic nanoparticles with the fibers through chemical bonding, preventing functional failure caused by the debonding of inorganic nanoparticles at high temperatures. The surface-coated high-temperature resistant fibers, under a special dispersion process, interweave and entangle to form a three-dimensional network skeleton, providing mechanical support and spatial structure for the entire material. The inorganic nanoparticles are deposited and distributed on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fibers, resulting in the fiber surface being coated with nanoparticles that can withstand higher temperatures, thus improving the system's temperature resistance. Nanoscale low thermal conductivity materials are filled in the three-dimensional network scaffold, effectively inhibiting the thermal conduction of gas molecules. Micron-level infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the network, preventing radiative heat from penetrating the material by reflecting and scattering infrared radiation in high-temperature environments. The micro-nano structure formed by the micro-nano composite of nanoscale low thermal conductivity materials and micron-level infrared radiation materials is conducive to the formation of low thermal conductivity in the insulation material. Elastic polymers are dispersed in the three-dimensional network scaffold, which helps improve the controllable compressibility of the material. The addition of elastic polymers further enhances the bonding strength, ultimately improving the impact resistance of the insulation sheet under the elastic three-dimensional network. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material of the present invention forms a composite thermal insulation system with excellent high-temperature thermal insulation performance, and has controllable strain at room temperature and excellent impact resistance.

[0107] In other embodiments of the present invention, a method for preparing a high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material is provided, wherein the raw materials for preparing the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material include: high-temperature resistant fibers, surface modifiers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials;

[0108] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0109] S1. The high-temperature resistant fiber is fed into the disperser. The inner wall of the disperser is distributed with needle-shaped crossbars and the bottom has a vibrating base. High-temperature and high-speed gas is introduced into the disperser. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fiber rubs against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain a high-temperature resistant fiber with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm.

[0110] S2. Subsequently, the surface modifier solution is fed into the disperser by atomized spraying to form a surface modifier layer on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber, thereby obtaining a dry and dispersed surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber.

[0111] S3. The planetary mixer vacuum-draws in the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber and other remaining raw materials, and mixes them to form a mixture.

[0112] S4. Place the mixture into the molding groove, flatten it, and then mold it into a heat insulation material.

[0113] The raw materials used in the preparation include the following components by weight: high-temperature resistant fiber: 10-25 parts, surface modifier: 1-5 parts, low thermal conductivity material: 40-60 parts, and infrared radiation material: 5-10 parts.

[0114] Preferably, the raw materials for preparation further include an elastic polymer, and the weight components of the raw materials are as follows: high temperature resistant fiber: 10-25 parts, surface modifier: 1-5 parts, elastic polymer: 2-10 parts, low thermal conductivity material: 40-60 parts, infrared radiation material: 5-10 parts.

[0115] When the raw materials include high-temperature resistant fibers, surface modifiers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials, the other remaining raw materials in step S3 are low thermal conductivity materials and infrared radiation materials.

[0116] When the raw materials include high-temperature resistant fibers, surface modifiers, elastic polymers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials, the other raw materials in step S3 are low thermal conductivity materials, infrared radiation materials, and elastic polymers.

[0117] High-temperature resistant fibers have low surface energy, making it difficult to directly form a surface modifier layer on them. Surface roughening is necessary to enhance anchoring. However, surface roughening of high-temperature resistant fibers is extremely difficult, especially for solid powdered fibers, as particle aggregation and adhesion make it difficult to ensure uniform treatment. This invention creatively uses high-speed airflow to impact and rub the high-temperature resistant fibers against needle-shaped crossbars on the inner wall of a disperser, thereby increasing the surface roughness of the high-temperature resistant fibers to Ra ≥ 3 μm, further preferably 5–80 μm, more preferably 8–50 μm, and even more preferably 10–40 μm.

[0118] The disperser is continuously filled with high-temperature, high-speed gas during use. The temperature of the high-temperature, high-speed gas is 60–100°C; the velocity of the high-temperature, high-speed gas is >10 m / s, more preferably 15–100 m / s, and even more preferably 20–30 m / s.

[0119] The preparation method of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material of the present invention will be described in detail below:

[0120] High-temperature resistant fibers are fed into a disperser. Under the impact of high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fibers will not aggregate due to their own gravity. Instead, they will float and disperse in the disperser, solving the defect that high-temperature resistant fibers are difficult to disperse evenly. In addition, under the impact of high-speed airflow, the high-temperature resistant fibers will continuously collide with the needle-shaped crossbars and generate friction, which increases the surface roughness of the high-temperature resistant fibers, thereby obtaining high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm.

[0121] After the surface roughness of the high-temperature resistant fiber reaches the predetermined value, the surface modifier solution is sent into the disperser. The surface modifier solution is formed by dissolving the surface modifier in a solvent, such as water or alcohol. The surface modifier solution fills the disperser in an atomized form through an atomizing nozzle. In this way, the surface modifier can fully contact the high-temperature resistant fiber. Under the action of the high-temperature airflow, the solvent in the surface modifier evaporates, and the surface modifier solidifies and coats the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a surface modifier layer. The surface modifier layer is connected to the high-temperature resistant fiber through chemical bonding.

[0122] After spraying the surface modifier solution into the disperser for 1–60 minutes, preferably 3–30 minutes, the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fibers are drawn into the mixing container of the mixer through the vacuum system of the mixer. Then, other remaining raw materials, such as low thermal conductivity materials and infrared radiation materials, are drawn in and mixed for 1–60 minutes, preferably 2–30 minutes. The mixer is preferably a planetary mixer. The inventors have found that planetary mixers have unparalleled effects in the preparation of heat insulation sheets compared to other mixers. Planetary mixers have multiple impellers, and through the synergistic action of these impellers, uniform dispersion of materials can be achieved, preventing material sedimentation and agglomeration from affecting the dispersion effect. Even during the vacuum suction of powder, the powder remains in a suspended and dispersed state, maintaining its previously dispersed state and preventing it from re-accumulating, thus ensuring the uniformity of the material mixture.

[0123] The mixture is fed into a molding trough via a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. Molding process parameters are set, including: temperature 10–40℃, pressure 5–100T, and holding time 5–60s, to obtain a heat insulation material, preferably in sheet form. The thickness of the heat insulation sheet can be 0.1–10mm, preferably 1–8mm.

[0124] When the raw material includes an elastic polymer, the molding process is preferably a gradient molding process: First stage: 10–40℃, 5–12T, holding pressure 2–20s; Second stage: 42–70℃, 13–25T, holding pressure 2–20s; Third stage: 72–100℃, 26–50T, holding pressure 2–20s. The gradient molding process helps improve the compressive deformation capacity of the thermal insulation material.

[0125] Preferably, a film is coated onto the thermal insulation material, vacuum vulcanized and shaped, and then sealed. The film material can be one or both of PI and PET. The film thickness can be 5–50 μm.

[0126] The disperser used in the preparation method of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material of the present invention will be described in detail below:

[0127] like Figure 2As shown, the disperser used in this invention includes:

[0128] The outer shell 20 is hollow, and a first cavity 21 is provided on the outer shell 20, and an outlet pipe 30 is connected to the first cavity 21 and serves as a high-temperature and high-speed gas outlet channel.

[0129] A hollow inner liner 40 is installed inside the first cavity 21, and there is a gap between the outer side wall of the inner liner 40 and the inner side wall of the outer shell 20. The inner liner 40 is provided with a second cavity 41, and a plurality of hollow needle-shaped crossbars 80 are provided on the cavity wall of the second cavity 41. One end of each needle-shaped crossbar is located in the first cavity 21 and the other end is located in the second cavity 41. A transition channel connecting the first cavity 21 and the second cavity 41 is provided on each needle-shaped crossbar, and the hollow part is the transition channel.

[0130] The powder feed pipe 50, the surface modifier feed pipe 60, and the air inlet pipe 70 are connected at one end to the inner liner 40 and communicate with the second cavity 41, and at the other end extend away from the inner liner 40 and penetrate the outer shell 20. The powder feed pipe 50 serves as the feeding channel for high-temperature resistant fibers or inorganic nanoparticles; the surface modifier feed pipe 60 serves as the feeding channel for surface modifiers; and the air inlet pipe 70 serves as the air inlet channel for high-temperature, high-speed gas.

[0131] Preferably, the disperser has a base 10 at its bottom, which serves as a carrier; the outer shell 20 is mounted on the base 10.

[0132] Preferably, a vibration source is provided on the base 10, giving the base a vibration function. The vibration generated by the vibration source on the base 10 is transmitted to the inner liner 40 through the outer shell 20, preventing the powder in the inner liner 40 from depositing, thereby improving the utilization rate of the material.

[0133] Since the transition channel connects the inner and outer sides of the inner liner 40, high-temperature and high-speed airflow can flow from the inner liner 40 to the gap between the inner liner 40 and the outer shell 20 through the transition channel, and then flow out from the vent pipe 30, thereby preventing the air pressure in the inner liner 40 from being too high and causing an explosion.

[0134] Preferably, multiple hollow needle-shaped crossbars 80 are spirally distributed along the axial direction of the cavity wall of the second cavity 41. This causes the powder in the inner liner 40 to rotate at high speed in a spiral under the impact of the high-temperature, high-speed airflow, which on the one hand prevents powder deposition, and on the other hand improves the uniformity of the surface roughness of the high-temperature resistant fiber.

[0135] Preferably, the diameter of the end of the transition channel located in the first chamber is larger than the diameter of the end of the transition channel located in the second chamber. This design helps to prevent blockage of the transition channel and improves the smoothness of exhaust flow.

[0136] Preferably, the surface modifier feed pipe 60 and the air inlet pipe 70 are located at one end of the outer shell, the powder feed pipe 50 and the air outlet pipe 70 are located at the other end of the outer shell 20, and the outlet of the powder feed pipe 50 and the outlet of the surface modifier feed pipe 60 are staggered.

[0137] Preferably, a nozzle for atomizing the surface modifier is provided at one end of the surface modifier feed pipe 60 that extends into the second cavity 41.

[0138] Preferably, the intake direction of the intake pipe and the axial direction of the transition channel form an angle: 0° < angle < 180°, and the angle is preferably 90°.

[0139] High-temperature resistant fibers enter the inner liner 40 through the powder feed pipe 50 and fill the inner liner 40. Then, high-temperature, high-speed gas is introduced into the inner liner 40 through the air inlet pipe 70. When the surface roughness of the high-temperature resistant fibers in the inner liner 40 reaches a preset value under the impact of the high-temperature, high-speed airflow, the surface modifier is introduced into the inner liner 40 through the surface modifier feed pipe 60. The end of the surface modifier feed pipe 60 that extends into the inner liner 40 is equipped with an atomizing nozzle, so that the surface modifier introduced into the inner liner 40 is atomized and fills the internal space of the inner liner 40. The surface modifier solidifies and coats the surface of the high-temperature resistant fibers to form a surface modifier layer. The surface-coated high-temperature resistant fibers are sucked into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer for subsequent steps.

[0140] In other embodiments of the present invention, another method for preparing a high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material is provided, wherein the raw materials for preparing the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material include: high-temperature resistant fibers, surface modifiers, inorganic nanoparticles, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials;

[0141] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0142] S1. The high-temperature resistant fiber is fed into the disperser. The inner wall of the disperser is distributed with needle-shaped crossbars and the bottom has a vibrating base. High-temperature and high-speed gas is introduced into the disperser. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fiber rubs against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain a high-temperature resistant fiber with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm.

[0143] S2. Subsequently, the surface modifier solution is fed into the disperser by atomized spraying to form a surface modifier layer on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber.

[0144] S3. Then, the inorganic nanopowder is fed into the disperser so that the inorganic nanopowder is coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a nanopowder layer and obtain the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber.

[0145] S4. The mixer vacuum-draws in the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber and other remaining raw materials, and mixes them to form a mixture.

[0146] S5. Place the mixture into the molding groove, flatten it, and then mold it into a heat insulation material.

[0147] The raw materials for preparation include the following components by weight: high temperature resistant fiber: 10-25 parts, surface modifier: 1-5 parts, inorganic nanopowder: 5-25 parts, low thermal conductivity material: 40-60 parts, and infrared radiation material: 5-10 parts.

[0148] Preferably, the raw materials further include an elastic polymer, and the weight components of the raw materials are as follows: high temperature resistant fiber: 10-25 parts, surface modifier: 1-5 parts, inorganic nanoparticles: 5-25 parts, elastic polymer: 2-10 parts, low thermal conductivity material: 40-60 parts, infrared radiation material: 5-10 parts.

[0149] When the raw materials include high-temperature resistant fibers, surface modifiers, inorganic nanopowders, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials, the other remaining raw materials in step S4 are low thermal conductivity materials and infrared radiation materials.

[0150] When the raw materials include high-temperature resistant fibers, surface modifiers, inorganic nanopowders, elastic polymers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials, the remaining raw materials in step S4 are low thermal conductivity materials, infrared radiation materials, and elastic polymers.

[0151] The preparation method of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material of the present invention will be described in detail below:

[0152] The steps for forming the surface modifier layer are the same as described above.

[0153] After spraying the surface modifier solution into the disperser for 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 3 to 30 minutes, the inorganic nanopowder is fed into the disperser. Under the impact of the high-speed airflow, the inorganic nanopowder is uniformly dispersed. Since a surface modifier layer is formed on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber, it is beneficial for the inorganic nanopowder to adhere. Therefore, the highly dispersed inorganic nanopowder can uniformly coat the surface modifier and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a nanopowder layer, thus obtaining a high-temperature resistant fiber coated with an inorganic nanopowder layer and a surface modifier layer.

[0154] After the inorganic nanopowder is fed into the disperser for 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 5 to 40 minutes, the high-temperature resistant fiber coated on the surface is drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, other remaining raw materials, such as low thermal conductivity materials and infrared radiation materials, are drawn in and mixed. The mixing time is 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 2 to 30 minutes.

[0155] The subsequent steps are the same as described above.

[0156] The disperser used in this embodiment of the invention is the same as described above. In this case, the powder feed pipe 50 of the disperser serves as the feed channel for high-temperature resistant fibers and inorganic nanoparticles.

[0157] High-temperature resistant fibers enter the inner liner 40 through the powder feed pipe 50 and fill the inner liner 40. Then, high-temperature, high-speed gas is introduced into the inner liner 40 through the air inlet pipe 70. When the surface roughness of the high-temperature resistant fibers in the inner liner 40 reaches a preset value under the impact of the high-temperature, high-speed airflow, the surface modifier is introduced into the inner liner 40 through the surface modifier feed pipe 60. The end of the surface modifier feed pipe 60 that extends into the inner liner 40 is equipped with an atomizing nozzle, so that the surface modifier introduced into the inner liner 40 is atomized and fills the internal space of the inner liner 40. The surface modifier solidifies and coats the surface of the high-temperature resistant fibers to form a surface modifier layer. Subsequently, inorganic nanoparticles are transported into the inner liner 40 through the powder feed pipe 50. Under the impact of the high-speed airflow, the inorganic nanoparticles are uniformly coated on the surface modifier and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fibers to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber. The high-temperature resistant fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system of the discharge pipe for subsequent steps.

[0158] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described and illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of helping to understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the specific scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings used herein are merely for better illustrating the content disclosed in the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the embodiments of the present invention are all commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the embodiments are all conventional methods in the art.

[0159] High silica fiber parameters: purchased from Linyi Wuquan Silicon Industry Technology Co., Ltd., with a silica content of 96%, a fiber diameter of 9±1μm, and a length of 6~12mm.

[0160] Silica aerogel: Shenzhen Zhongning Technology Co., Ltd., D50 is 50nm.

[0161] Inorganic nanoparticles: nano zirconium silicate, purchased from Zibo Yishun Ceramic Color Glaze Co., Ltd., with a D50 of 50nm; nano zirconium oxide, purchased from Shandong Shengtai Zirconium Industry, with a D50 of 40nm.

[0162] Elastic polymers: poly(diphenoxyphosphononitrile) was purchased from Guangdong Wengjiang Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (PA37946), styrene-butadiene rubber was purchased from Dongguan Tongzhou Chemical Co., Ltd. (SBR1502), and SEBS was purchased from Shanghai Duoju Plastics Co., Ltd. (TL3030). The particle size was 200-500 μm.

[0163] Infrared radiation materials: silicon carbide, purchased from Shandong Jinmeng New Material Co., Ltd., with a D50 of 5 μm; zirconium oxide, purchased from Hebei Jiuyue New Material Technology Co., Ltd., with a D50 of 10 μm; heat-reflective titanium dioxide, purchased from Panhua Chemical IR1000, with an oil dispersibility of 12.5 μm.

[0164] Planetary mixer: Shanghai Nuohui Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., NYXJ-5.

[0165] Ordinary powder mixer: Foshan Hengyuanli Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd., HYL5.

[0166] Example 1

[0167] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 12 parts, melamine: 3 parts, silica aerogel: 52 parts, silicon carbide: 8 parts.

[0168] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0169] S1. High-silica fibers enter the inner liner 40 of the disperser along the powder feed pipe 50. A vibration source is set on the bottom base 10 of the disperser, so that the base vibrates continuously. Then, high-temperature and high-speed gas at 100°C and 20m / s is injected into the inner liner 40 through the air inlet pipe 70. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-silica fibers rub against the needle-shaped crossbars inside the disperser. After a certain period of friction, high-silica fibers with a surface roughness Ra of 35μm are obtained.

[0170] S2. Subsequently, a melamine solution (melamine dissolved in water, melamine concentration of 1 mg / ml) is passed through the atomizing nozzle of the surface modifier feed pipe 60 and filled into the disperser (continuously introduced high temperature and high speed gas) in an atomized form. The surface modifier fully contacts the high silica fiber, and under the action of the high temperature airflow, the solvent in the surface modifier evaporates, the surface modifier solidifies and coats the surface of the high silica fiber to form a surface modifier layer.

[0171] S3. After spraying melamine solution into the disperser for 10 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer, and then silica aerogel and silicon carbide are drawn in and stirred for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0172] S4. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 20T, and holding time of 15s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0173] Example 2

[0174] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 10 parts, melamine: 4 parts, silica aerogel: 58 parts, silicon carbide: 5 parts, and heat-reflective titanium dioxide: 1 part.

[0175] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0176] S1. High-silica fibers enter the inner liner 40 of the disperser along the powder feed pipe 50. A vibration source is set on the bottom base 10 of the disperser, so that the base vibrates continuously. Then, high-temperature and high-speed gas at 100°C and 25m / s is injected into the inner liner 40 through the air inlet pipe 70. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-silica fibers rub against the needle-shaped crossbars inside the disperser. After a certain period of friction, high-silica fibers with a surface roughness Ra of 10μm are obtained.

[0177] S2. Subsequently, a melamine solution (melamine dissolved in water, melamine concentration of 1 mg / ml) is passed through the atomizing nozzle of the surface modifier feed pipe 60 and filled into the disperser (continuously introduced high temperature and high speed gas) in an atomized form. The surface modifier fully contacts the high silica fiber, and under the action of the high temperature airflow, the solvent in the surface modifier evaporates, the surface modifier solidifies and coats the surface of the high silica fiber to form a surface modifier layer.

[0178] S3. After spraying melamine solution into the disperser for 8 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, silica aerogel, silicon carbide and heat-reflective titanium dioxide are drawn in and stirred for 25 minutes to form a mixture.

[0179] S4. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 15T, and holding time of 20s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0180] Example 3

[0181] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 15 parts, melamine: 2 parts, silica aerogel: 46 parts, zirconium oxide: 9 parts.

[0182] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0183] S1. High-silica fibers enter the inner liner 40 of the disperser along the powder feed pipe 50. A vibration source is set on the bottom base 10 of the disperser, so that the base vibrates continuously. Then, high-temperature and high-speed gas at 100°C and 28m / s is injected into the inner liner 40 through the air inlet pipe 70. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-silica fibers rub against the needle-shaped crossbars inside the disperser. After a certain period of friction, high-silica fibers with a surface roughness Ra of 25μm are obtained.

[0184] S2. Subsequently, a melamine solution (melamine dissolved in water, melamine concentration of 1 mg / ml) is passed through the atomizing nozzle of the surface modifier feed pipe 60 and filled into the disperser (continuously introduced high temperature and high speed gas) in an atomized form. The surface modifier fully contacts the high silica fiber, and under the action of the high temperature airflow, the solvent in the surface modifier evaporates, the surface modifier solidifies and coats the surface of the high silica fiber to form a surface modifier layer.

[0185] S3. After spraying melamine solution into the disperser for 12 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, silica aerogel and zirconium oxide are drawn in and stirred for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0186] S4. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 25T, and holding time of 10s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0187] Example 4

[0188] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 12 parts, melamine: 3 parts, nano zirconium silicate: 25 parts, silica aerogel: 52 parts, silicon carbide: 8 parts.

[0189] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0190] S1 and S2 are the same as in Example 1.

[0191] S3. After spraying melamine solution into the disperser for 10 minutes, nano-zirconium silicate is fed into the inner liner 40 of the disperser through the feed pipe 50. Under the impact of high-speed airflow, nano-zirconium silicate is coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of high-silica fiber to obtain surface-coated high-silica fiber.

[0192] S4. After feeding nano-zirconium silicate into the disperser for 20 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, silica aerogel and silicon carbide are drawn in and stirred for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0193] S5. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 20T, and holding time of 15s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0194] Example 5

[0195] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 10 parts, melamine: 4 parts, nano zirconium silicate: 22 parts, silica aerogel: 58 parts, silicon carbide: 5 parts, heat-reflective titanium dioxide: 1 part.

[0196] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0197] S1 and S2 are the same as in Example 2.

[0198] S3. After spraying melamine solution into the disperser for 8 minutes, nano-zirconium silicate is fed into the inner liner 40 of the disperser through the feed pipe 50. Under the impact of high-speed airflow, nano-zirconium silicate is coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of high-silica fiber to obtain surface-coated high-silica fiber.

[0199] S4. After feeding nano-zirconium silicate into the disperser for 18 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, silica aerogel, silicon carbide, and heat-reflective titanium dioxide are drawn in and stirred for 25 minutes to form a mixture.

[0200] S5. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 15T, and holding time of 20s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0201] Example 6

[0202] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 15 parts, melamine: 2 parts, nano zirconia: 28 parts, silica aerogel: 46 parts, and zirconia: 9 parts.

[0203] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0204] S1 and S2 are the same as in Example 3.

[0205] S3. After spraying melamine solution into the disperser for 12 minutes, nano-zirconia is fed into the inner liner 40 of the disperser through the feed pipe 50. Under the impact of high-speed airflow, nano-zirconia is coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of high-silica fiber to obtain surface-coated high-silica fiber.

[0206] S4. After feeding nano-zirconium silicate into the disperser for 22 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, silica aerogel and zirconium oxide are drawn in and stirred for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0207] S5. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 25T, and holding time of 10s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0208] Example 7

[0209] The only difference between Example 7 and Example 4 is that the surface modifier in Example 7 is KH560, while the other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 4.

[0210] Example 8

[0211] The only difference between Example 8 and Example 4 is that the surface modifier in Example 8 is chitosan, while the other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 4.

[0212] Example 9

[0213] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 12 parts, melamine: 3 parts, poly(diphenoxyphosphononitrile): 6 parts, silica aerogel: 52 parts, silicon carbide: 8 parts.

[0214] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0215] S1 and S2 are the same as in Example 1;

[0216] S3. After spraying melamine solution into the disperser for 10 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, silica aerogel, silicon carbide, and poly(diphenoxyphosphazene) are drawn in and stirred for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0217] S4 is the same as in Example 1.

[0218] Example 10

[0219] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 10 parts, melamine: 4 parts, poly(diphenoxyphosphononitrile): 4 parts, silica aerogel: 58 parts, silicon carbide: 5 parts, heat-reflective titanium dioxide: 1 part.

[0220] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0221] S1 and S2 are the same as in Example 2;

[0222] S3. After spraying melamine solution into the disperser for 8 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system. Then, silica aerogel, silicon carbide, heat-reflective titanium dioxide, and poly(diphenoxyphosphazene) are drawn in and stirred for 25 minutes to form a mixture.

[0223] S4 is the same as in Example 2.

[0224] Example 11

[0225] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 15 parts, melamine: 2 parts, poly(diphenoxyphosphonium nitrile): 8 parts, silica aerogel: 46 parts, zirconium oxide: 9 parts.

[0226] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0227] S1 and S2 are the same as in Example 3;

[0228] S3. After spraying melamine solution into the disperser for 12 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system. Then, silica aerogel, zirconium oxide, and poly(diphenoxyphosphazene) are drawn in and stirred for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0229] S4 is the same as in Example 3.

[0230] Example 12

[0231] The only difference between Example 12 and Example 9 is that the elastic polymer in Example 12 is styrene-butadiene rubber, while the other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 9.

[0232] Example 13

[0233] The only difference between Example 13 and Example 9 is that the elastic polymer in Example 13 is SEBS, while the other raw materials and preparation methods are the same as in Example 9.

[0234] Example 14

[0235] The difference between Example 14 and Example 9 is only that step S4 in Example 14 is as follows: the mixture is placed into the molding trough in a spiral structure through a weighing device, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, and the molding process is gradient molding, including: first stage: 30℃, 10T, holding pressure for 10s; second stage: 50℃, 20T, holding pressure for 10s; third stage: 100℃, 30T, holding pressure for 10s, to obtain a sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0236] Example 15

[0237] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 12 parts, melamine: 3 parts, nano zirconium silicate: 25 parts, poly(diphenoxyphosphononitrile): 6 parts, silica aerogel: 52 parts, silicon carbide: 8 parts.

[0238] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0239] S1, S2, and S3 are the same as in Example 4.

[0240] S4. After feeding nano-zirconium silicate into the disperser for 20 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, silica aerogel, poly(diphenoxyphosphazene), and silicon carbide are drawn in and stirred for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0241] S5. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 20T, and holding time of 15s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0242] Example 16

[0243] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 10 parts, melamine: 4 parts, nano zirconium silicate: 22 parts, poly(diphenoxyphosphononitrile): 4 parts, silica aerogel: 58 parts, heat-reflective titanium dioxide: 1 part, silicon carbide: 5 parts.

[0244] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0245] S1, S2, and S3 are the same as in Example 5.

[0246] S4. After feeding nano-zirconium silicate into the disperser for 18 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, silica aerogel, poly(diphenoxyphosphazene), heat-reflective titanium dioxide, and silicon carbide are drawn in and stirred for 25 minutes to form a mixture.

[0247] S5. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 15T, and holding time of 20s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0248] Example 17

[0249] The raw materials of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material in this embodiment include the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 15 parts, melamine: 2 parts, nano zirconia: 28 parts, poly(diphenoxyphosphonium nitrile): 8 parts, silica aerogel: 46 parts, and zirconia: 9 parts.

[0250] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0251] S1, S2, and S3 are the same as in Example 6.

[0252] S4. After feeding nano-zirconia into the disperser for 22 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the planetary mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, silica aerogel, poly(diphenoxyphosphazene), and zirconia are drawn in and stirred for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0253] S5. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 25T, and holding time of 10s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0254] Example 18

[0255] The difference between Example 18 and Example 15 is that step S5 in Example 15 is as follows: the mixture is placed into the molding trough in a spiral structure through a weighing device, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process is gradient molding. The molding process parameters are set as follows: first stage: 30℃, 10T, holding pressure for 10s; second stage: 50℃, 20T, holding pressure for 10s; third stage: 100℃, 30T, holding pressure for 10s, to obtain a sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0256] Example 19

[0257] The difference between Example 19 and Example 4 is only that step S5 in Example 19 is as follows: the mixture is placed into the molding trough in a spiral structure through a weighing device, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process is gradient molding. The molding process parameters are set as follows: first stage: 30℃, 10T, holding pressure for 10s; second stage: 50℃, 20T, holding pressure for 10s; third stage: 100℃, 30T, holding pressure for 10s, to obtain a sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0258] Comparative Example 1

[0259] The thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1 contains the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 12 parts, nano zirconium silicate: 25 parts, silica aerogel: 52 parts, and silicon carbide: 8 parts.

[0260] The thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 1 was prepared by the following method:

[0261] S1. Add high-silica fibers, nano-zirconium silicate, silica aerogel, and silicon carbide into the mixing container of a common powder mixer and mix for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0262] S2. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 20T, and holding time of 15s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0263] Comparative Example 2

[0264] The raw materials of the thermal insulation material in Comparative Example 2 include the following components by weight:

[0265] High-silica fiber: 12 parts, melamine: 3 parts, nano-zirconium silicate: 25 parts, silica aerogel: 52 parts, silicon carbide: 8 parts.

[0266] The thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 2 was prepared by the following method:

[0267] S1-S3 are the same as in Example 4, and surface-coated high-silica fibers are obtained;

[0268] S4. Add the surface-coated high-silica fibers, silica aerogel, and silicon carbide into the mixing container of a common powder mixer and mix for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0269] S5 is the same as Example 4.

[0270] Comparative Example 3

[0271] The thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 3 contains the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 12 parts, melamine: 3 parts, nano zirconium silicate: 25 parts, silica aerogel: 52 parts, and silicon carbide: 8 parts.

[0272] The thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 3 was prepared by the following method:

[0273] S1. High-silica fibers enter the inner liner 40 of the disperser along the powder feed pipe 50. A vibration source is set on the bottom base 10 of the disperser, so that the base vibrates continuously. Then, high-temperature and high-speed gas at 100°C and 20m / s is introduced into the inner liner 40 through the air inlet pipe 70. At the same time, melamine solution (melamine dissolved in water, melamine concentration of 1mg / ml) is filled into the disperser in an atomized form through the atomizing nozzle of the surface modifier feed pipe 60. The surface modifier fully contacts the high-silica fibers, and under the action of the high-temperature airflow, the solvent in the surface modifier evaporates, and the surface modifier solidifies and coats the surface of the high-silica fibers to form a surface modifier layer.

[0274] S2-S5 are the same as in Example 4.

[0275] Comparative Example 4

[0276] The thermal insulation material of Comparative Example 4 contains the following components by weight: high silica fiber: 12 parts, melamine: 3 parts, nano zirconium silicate: 25 parts, silica aerogel: 52 parts, and silicon carbide: 8 parts.

[0277] The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:

[0278] S1 and S2 are the same as in Example 1.

[0279] S3. After spraying melamine solution into the disperser for 10 minutes, the high-silica fibers coated on the surface are drawn into the mixing container of the mixer through the vacuum system of the planetary mixer. Then, nano-zirconium silicate, silica aerogel and silicon carbide are drawn in and stirred for 20 minutes to form a mixture.

[0280] S4. The mixture is placed into the molding trough through a weighing device in a spiral structure, and leveled by the X-axis and Y-axis leveling devices. The molding process parameters are set, including: temperature of 30℃, pressure of 20T, and holding time of 15s, to obtain sheet-like heat insulation material with a thickness of 3.3mm.

[0281] The thermal insulation materials prepared in the examples and comparative examples were subjected to the following performance tests:

[0282] 1. Fiber surface roughness Ra measurement: Fix the fiber on the sample stage, locate the fiber monofilament under an atomic force microscope, focus on the surface of the fiber monofilament, and perform a surface scan of the fiber surface morphology through contact mode to obtain information such as the surface morphology and surface roughness of the fiber monofilament.

[0283] 2. SEM Testing: Two conductive adhesive strips were applied parallel to each other on the same sample stage. A small amount of commercially available high-silica fiber was taken, kept as separate as possible, and adhered to the conductive adhesive; this was labeled Sample 1. A small amount of surface-coated fiber was taken, with minimal surface dust and kept as separate as possible, and adhered to the conductive adhesive; this was labeled Sample 2. Both samples were then platinum-sprayed. The treated samples were installed according to the scanning electron microscope operation manual, and scanning tests were performed according to the manual. The scanning test results were saved.

[0284] 3. Thermal conductivity:

[0285] Thermal conductivity at 25℃

[0286] 1) Testing Standards

[0287] The thermal conductivity test at 25℃ was conducted in accordance with GB / T 10295-2008.

[0288] 2) Testing equipment

[0289] Thermal conductivity tester (heat flow meter method), hot plate temperature control: standard configuration room temperature to 99.99℃, measurement time: 20min, thermal conductivity range: 0.0001~1W / mk, sample size: based on the size of a whole blank, measurement accuracy: 1%.

[0290] 3) Testing methods

[0291] Two insulation sheet blanks are randomly selected according to the test cycle. The two samples are stacked and wrapped with polyethylene film to prevent powder from falling off. They are then placed in the test chamber and clamped. The temperature is adjusted to 25±2℃, and the test is carried out according to the set program.

[0292] The thermal conductivity test at 800℃ was conducted in accordance with YB / T 4130-2005.

[0293] 4. Insulation temperature

[0294] 1) Testing equipment

[0295] UNI - Temperature recorder, accuracy 1℃; Infrared thermometer, accuracy 1℃.

[0296] 2) Testing Methods

[0297] According to the sampling rules, heat insulation sheet blank samples were drawn and placed in a fixed metal frame. Under normal temperature conditions, two contact thermocouples were placed at the same position with the back of the heat insulation sheet blank facing the center of the flame, ensuring they were in close contact. At the same time, one thermocouple was reserved in the air (atmospheric environment) to detect the ambient temperature. The outer flame of the butane gas canister spray gun was used to ablate the center of the front of the test heat insulation sheet blank for 20 minutes. The system automatically recorded the temperature of the back (cold side) of the heat insulation sheet blank and generated a temperature rise curve. The highest temperature near the outer flame of the front of the heat insulation sheet blank was monitored and recorded with an infrared thermometer (the normal temperature of the butane flame is between 1200-1400℃). At the same time, the minimum and maximum temperatures of the two thermocouples were recorded within 10-20 minutes (to ensure the curve is stable), and the integrity of the material was observed to ensure that there were no cracks on the surface of the material after ablation.

[0298] 5. Compressive strain

[0299] 1) Testing Standards

[0300] Perform according to the method in GB / T 13480-2014.

[0301] 2) Testing equipment

[0302] Microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine (maximum load 30KN); digital display vernier caliper, accuracy 0.01mm; digital display thickness gauge (accuracy 0.01mm).

[0303] 3) Testing methods

[0304] According to the sampling rules, sample insulation sheet blanks were drawn and cut into two squares of approximately 50*50mm. The cutting locations are shown below. Figure 3 The actual length and width were measured using a digital vernier caliper, and the thickness was measured at three points along the centerline of the block using a digital thickness gauge. The average value was then taken and entered into the system. Finally, the cut sample was placed at the center of the circular (10cm diameter) parallel plate of the universal testing machine. The test parameters of the universal testing machine were set as follows: compression rate 0.02mm / s, strain endpoint 80%. After zeroing the equipment, a preload of 5N was applied to the sample block to ensure that the parallel plate was in close contact with the sample block, and the test began.

[0305] Record the stress and strain curves for each test, observe and organize the compression curves, and record the compression percentages under pressures of 0.3T, 1.0T, 1.5T, and 2.0T respectively.

[0306] 6. Impact resistance:

[0307] (1) Testing equipment

[0308] It mainly includes a test chamber, a thermal runaway triggering device, and temperature and voltage acquisition devices.

[0309] (2) Test method

[0310] According to the sampling rules, thermal insulation sheet samples were drawn. Four soft-pack ternary lithium battery cells, each with a capacity of not less than 73Ah, were arranged with heat-conducting sheets and thermal insulation sheets in the following order: battery cell, thermal insulation sheet, battery cell, heat-conducting sheet, battery cell, thermal insulation sheet, and battery cell. The two sides were clamped with aluminum plates. The power was turned on and the recording equipment was turned on. Under the premise of ensuring a safe distance, one of the battery cells was heated until thermal runaway was triggered. After it was safe, the device was disassembled and the thermal insulation material was observed to see if it was punctured after thermal runaway.

[0311] 7. Second explosion time:

[0312] In the impact resistance test, a temperature acquisition device is connected to a computer to automatically record the temperature rise curve.

[0313] Figure 4 The image shows a SEM image of commercially available high-silica fibers. Figure 5 This is a SEM image of the surface-coated high-silica fibers obtained in step S3 of Example 4; from Figure 4 It can be seen that the surface of the unmodified fiber is relatively smooth, and a smooth fiber surface makes it difficult for powder to adhere; from Figure 5 As can be seen, the fiber surface becomes rough after being treated by the disperser, and many nanoparticles are bonded to the surface, exhibiting an irregular nanoscale uneven structure and nanoparticle deposition. This is because the fiber continuously impacts the needle-shaped crossbars during high-speed dispersion, making the originally smooth surface rough. At the same time, the addition of the surface modifier has a grafting effect on the fiber and powder, so that the fiber surface is coated with nanoparticles that can withstand higher temperatures, thereby improving the high-temperature resistance.

[0314] Table 1

[0315]

[0316]

[0317] Figure 6 The temperature resistance test curve of the heat insulation sheet shows that the back temperature of the material is always controlled within the safe threshold of 200℃. Figure 7 The image shows the thermal insulation sheet of Example 4 after thermal runaway of the battery cell. The insulation sheet did not puncture, demonstrating excellent impact resistance. Figure 8The temperature rise curves for the battery cells arranged alternately with the heat insulation sheet in Example 4 show that the heating element rapidly heats up after being energized, reaching 1025.4℃ within 278s, which is the critical temperature for triggering thermal runaway. The first battery cell experienced thermal runaway at 291s, with its center temperature reaching 610.3℃. Meanwhile, the center temperature of the second battery cell was only 18.6℃, far below the critical temperature for triggering thermal runaway. The instantaneous high temperature of the first battery cell was continuously conducted to the heat insulation sheet, but due to the rapid heat dissipation caused by the ambient temperature and the heat insulation sheet's suppression of heat spread, the second battery cell did not explode for a long time. Therefore, restarting the heating system at 1339s caused the second battery cell to reach the critical temperature and trigger thermal runaway at 1623s, with its center temperature reaching 1200℃, extending the battery's thermal runaway time by 1345s. This indicates that the heat insulation sheet used in this experiment effectively suppressed heat spread.

[0318] A comparison of the examples in Table 1 with Comparative Examples 1-4 reveals the following: In Comparative Example 1, all raw materials were directly mixed using a conventional powder mixer. In Comparative Example 2, surface treatment was performed using a disperser, followed by further mixing using a conventional powder mixer. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the powder was not sufficiently dispersed, resulting in agglomeration and deposition, which significantly affected the performance of the heat insulation sheet. In Comparative Example 3, the fibers were not roughened, making it difficult to form a surface modifier layer on the fiber surface and a further nano-zirconium silicate layer, thus reducing the performance of the heat insulation sheet. In Comparative Example 4, the nano-zirconium silicate was not added to the disperser but was directly mixed with other raw materials in a planetary mixer, failing to coat the fiber surface with a nano-zirconium silicate layer, which was detrimental to fiber performance.

[0319] The heat insulation sheets of Examples 4-6 and 15-17 have better heat insulation properties and performance in extending the time to secondary explosion compared to the heat insulation sheets of Examples 1-3. The above comparison shows that adding inorganic nanoparticles to the disperser to form a nanoparticle layer on the fiber surface is beneficial to improving the heat insulation and explosion-proof performance of the material.

[0320] The heat insulation sheets of Examples 12-15 and 15-17 have better compressive strain performance than the heat insulation sheets of Examples 1-3. The above comparison shows that adding elastic polymers to the heat insulation sheets is beneficial to improving the compressive deformation performance of the materials, thereby improving the explosion-proof performance.

[0321] A comparison of Examples 4, 7, and 8 shows that using melamine as a surface modifier results in better performance. A comparison of Examples 9, 12, and 13 shows that adding polyphosphazene to the insulation sheet formulation improves the compressibility of the insulation sheet more effectively than adding other polymers.

[0322] By comparing Examples 9 and 14, and Examples 15 and 18, it can be seen that when the raw materials include elastic polymers, the gradient molding process is beneficial to improving the compressibility of the thermal insulation material. The thermal insulation sheet in Example 4 does not contain elastic polymers, and the gradient molding process (Example 19) has very little impact on its performance.

[0323] All aspects, embodiments, and features of this invention should be considered illustrative in all respects and not limiting of the invention; the scope of the invention is defined only by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications, and uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed.

[0324] In the preparation method of this invention, the order of the steps is not limited to the listed order. For those skilled in the art, variations in the order of the steps without creative effort are also within the scope of protection of this invention. Furthermore, two or more steps or actions can be performed simultaneously.

[0325] Finally, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative examples of the invention and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to replace them; it is neither necessary nor possible to exemplify all embodiments here. However, these obvious variations or modifications derived from the essential spirit of the invention still fall within the scope of protection of the invention, and interpreting them as any additional limitation would contradict the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A high-temperature resistant, explosion-proof, and heat-insulating material, characterized in that, Its raw materials include high-temperature resistant fibers with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm, surface modifiers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials; The surface treatment agent is one or more of silane coupling agents, melamine, and polysaccharides; The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, roughness is created on the fiber surface, and then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber. The surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber forms a three-dimensional network support structure, and low thermal conductivity material and infrared radiation material are dispersed in the three-dimensional network support, thereby constituting a three-dimensional network structure.

2. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials used in the preparation include the following components by weight: high temperature resistant fiber: 5-25 parts, surface modifier: 0.5-5 parts, low thermal conductivity material: 40-65 parts, and infrared radiation material: 3-10 parts.

3. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials used in the preparation also include inorganic nanoparticles and / or elastic polymers.

4. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inorganic nanopowder has a weight of 5-25 parts; And / or, the inorganic nanoparticles are one or more of nano-zirconium silicate, nano-aluminum silicate, nano-alumina, nano-zirconium oxide, nano-magnesium oxide, nano-titanium oxide, and nano-zinc oxide, with a D50 particle size of 1~100nm.

5. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The elastic polymer is present in parts by weight of 1 to 10; And / or, the elastic polymer is one or more of rubber, polyphosphazene, and thermoplastic elastic materials.

6. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the raw materials for preparation also include inorganic nanopowder, the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, roughness is created on the fiber surface, then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface modifier layer, and then inorganic nanopowder is coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber. The surface is coated with high-temperature resistant fibers to form a three-dimensional network support structure. Low thermal conductivity materials and infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the three-dimensional network support, thus forming a three-dimensional network structure. When the raw materials for preparation also include an elastic polymer, the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, roughness is created on the fiber surface, and then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber; The surface is coated with high-temperature resistant fibers to form a three-dimensional network support structure. Low thermal conductivity materials, elastic polymers and infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the three-dimensional network support, thus forming a three-dimensional network structure high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material. When the raw materials for preparation also include inorganic nanoparticles and elastic polymers, the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material has a three-dimensional network structure: first, roughness is created on the fiber surface, then a surface modifier is added for graft modification to form a surface modifier layer, and then inorganic nanoparticles are coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber. The surface is coated with high-temperature resistant fibers to form a three-dimensional network support structure. Elastic polymers, low thermal conductivity materials and infrared radiation materials are dispersed in the three-dimensional network support, thus forming a three-dimensional network structure high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material.

7. A high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The high-temperature resistant fiber includes one or more of the following: glass fiber, high-silica fiber, carbon nanotube, basalt fiber, carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber, and zirconium oxide fiber. And / or, the diameter of the high-temperature resistant fiber is 1~100μm, and the aspect ratio of the high-temperature resistant fiber is 100~1500; And / or, the silane coupling agent includes one or more of aminosilane coupling agents, mercaptosilane coupling agents, epoxysilane coupling agents, and methacryloxysilane coupling agents; And / or, the polysaccharide is one or more of starch, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and sodium alginate; And / or, the low thermal conductivity material includes one or more of silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, titanium dioxide aerogel, silicon carbide aerogel, and titanium dioxide-silica aerogel, and the D50 of the low thermal conductivity material is 1~200nm. And / or, the infrared radiation material includes one or more of silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, rutile titanium dioxide, heat-reflective titanium dioxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and lanthanum oxide, and the D50 of the infrared radiation material is 5~100μm.

8. The high-temperature resistant explosion-proof heat insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of high temperature resistant fiber with surface roughness Ra≥3μm includes the following steps: feeding high temperature resistant fiber into a disperser, the inner wall of the disperser is distributed with needle-shaped crossbars, the bottom has a vibrating base, high temperature and high speed gas is introduced into the disperser, and under the impact of high temperature and high speed gas, the high temperature resistant fiber rubs against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain high temperature resistant fiber with surface roughness Ra≥3μm.

9. A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material include: high-temperature resistant fibers, surface modifiers, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials. The preparation method includes the following steps: S1. The high-temperature resistant fiber is fed into the disperser. The inner wall of the disperser is distributed with needle-shaped crossbars and the bottom has a vibrating base. High-temperature and high-speed gas is introduced into the disperser. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fiber rubs against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain a high-temperature resistant fiber with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm. S2. Subsequently, the surface modifier solution is fed into the disperser by atomized spraying to form a surface modifier layer on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber, thereby obtaining a dry and dispersed surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber. S3. The planetary mixer vacuum-draws in the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber and other remaining raw materials, and mixes them to form a mixture. S4. Place the mixture into the molding groove, flatten it, and then mold it into a heat insulation material.

10. A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof and heat-insulating material include: high-temperature resistant fibers, surface modifiers, inorganic nanopowders, low thermal conductivity materials, and infrared radiation materials. The preparation method includes the following steps: The preparation method includes the following steps: S1. The high-temperature resistant fiber is fed into the disperser. The inner wall of the disperser is distributed with needle-shaped crossbars and the bottom has a vibrating base. High-temperature and high-speed gas is introduced into the disperser. Under the impact of the high-temperature and high-speed gas, the high-temperature resistant fiber rubs against the needle-shaped crossbars to obtain a high-temperature resistant fiber with a surface roughness Ra≥3μm. S2. Subsequently, the surface modifier solution is fed into the disperser by atomized spraying to form a surface modifier layer on the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber. S3. Then, the inorganic nanopowder is fed into the disperser so that the inorganic nanopowder is coated on the surface modifier layer and / or the surface of the high-temperature resistant fiber to form a nanopowder layer and obtain the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber. S4. The mixer vacuum sucks in the surface-coated high-temperature resistant fiber and other remaining raw materials, and mixes them to form a mixture. S5. Place the mixture into the molding groove, flatten it, and then mold it into a heat insulation material.

11. The preparation method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The temperature of the high-temperature, high-velocity gas is 60~100℃; the velocity of the high-temperature, high-velocity gas is >10 m / s.

12. The preparation method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, Compression molding parameters include: temperature 10~40℃, pressure 5~20T, and holding time 5~60s.

13. The preparation method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, When the raw material includes an elastic polymer, the molding process is a gradient molding process, with the first stage being 10~40℃, 5~12T, and holding pressure for 2~20s. second Stage 1: 42~70℃, 13~25T, pressure holding for 2~20s; Stage 2: 72~100℃, 26~50T, pressure holding for 2~20s.

14. The preparation method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The disperser includes: The outer shell is hollow, and a first cavity is provided on the outer shell, and an outlet pipe is connected to the first cavity and serves as a high-temperature and high-speed gas outlet channel; A hollow inner liner is installed in the first cavity, and there is a gap between the outer side wall of the inner liner and the inner side wall of the outer shell. A second cavity is provided on the inner liner, and multiple hollow needle-shaped crossbars are provided on the cavity wall of the second cavity. One end of each needle-shaped crossbar is located in the first cavity and the other end is located in the second cavity. A transition channel connecting the first cavity and the second cavity is provided on each needle-shaped crossbar. The powder feed pipe, surface treatment agent feed pipe, and air inlet pipe are connected at one end to the inner liner and communicate with the second cavity, and at the other end extend away from the inner liner and penetrate the outer shell.

15. The application of the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material as described in claim 1 or the high-temperature resistant explosion-proof thermal insulation material prepared by the preparation method as described in claim 9 or 10 in the thermal insulation of lithium batteries.

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