Supporting device for earthquake collapse resistance of open multi-storey building

Abstract

This invention discloses a support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades. The ground floor of this multi-story building has an open area on the street-facing side supported only by columns, without any infill walls. A window pier is located inside this area. The support structure includes vertical load-bearing columns and a low-friction isolation layer. The vertical load-bearing columns are made of steel, with their lower ends fixed to the building floor, and their upper end plates forming a contact fit or maintaining a 0-2mm gap fit with the lower surface of the floor slab. The low-friction isolation layer is located between the upper end plate of the vertical load-bearing column and the lower surface of the floor slab, with a friction coefficient less than 0.02. In the initial stage of an earthquake, when the window pier is intact, the column top maintains a slight gap or only contact with the floor slab, without transmitting horizontal seismic shear force. After the window pier fails due to cracking, the floor slab transfers the vertical load to the load-bearing columns through the low-friction isolation layer. This invention has a simple structure, controllable cost, and can improve the earthquake-resistant redundancy of multi-story buildings with open facades.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of earthquake-resistant building technology, and more specifically, to a support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades. Background Technology

[0002] Open-plan multi-story buildings refer to multi-story buildings where the ground floor facing the street has only columns and no infill walls, forming an open area, while the inner side has spandrel walls. The second floor and above are conventional masonry structures, and their building height is usually 3 to 7 stories. The ground floor of this type of building is relatively open, and the horizontal lateral force resisting components are unevenly distributed. Among them, the spandrel walls are both the main lateral force resisting components and important vertical load-bearing components. They have high stiffness but exhibit obvious brittle characteristics when they fail.

[0003] Earthquake damage surveys and shaking table tests have shown that under strong earthquakes, due to the significant difference in deformation capacity between walls and columns, the ultimate displacement of walls is much smaller than that of columns. Frame walls will first undergo brittle fracture and rapidly lose their vertical load-bearing capacity while the frame columns are still in the elastic stage. Once the frame wall fails, the floor slab above it will lose support, leading to floor collapse and even the collapse of the entire building. Existing reinforcement technologies mostly focus on improving the strength or ductility of the wall itself, such as adding reinforced concrete shear walls or bonding carbon fiber cloth, but these cannot fundamentally change the brittle failure mode of the wall. Some active support devices can interfere with the seismic response of the original structure and even change the transmission path of horizontal seismic forces. Furthermore, their construction is complex and costly, making them difficult to promote and apply in the large number of existing commercial buildings.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open structures to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with openings, in order to solve the technical problems of direct floor collapse after brittle failure of the inter-window wall, easy interference of existing reinforcement technology with the seismic response of the original structure, and high cost of reinforcement and renovation of existing buildings.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open layouts, wherein the ground floor of the multi-story building has an open area supported only by columns and without infill walls, with a window wall located inside the open area, and a floor slab above the open area, comprising: The vertical support column is made of steel, with its lower end fixedly connected to the building floor, and its upper end plate forming contact with or having a micro gap of 0~2mm with the lower surface of the floor slab. A low-friction isolation layer is disposed between the upper end plate of the vertical bearing column and the lower surface of the floor slab, and the friction coefficient of the low-friction isolation layer is less than 0.02.

[0007] Furthermore, the horizontal distance between the vertical support column and the intact frame column in the bottom opening area is less than the span dimension of the floor slab, and the height of the vertical support column is the same as the height of the frame column.

[0008] Furthermore, the lower end of the vertical support column is fixedly connected to a base plate, and the base plate has multiple bolt holes, which are fixedly connected to the building ground by pre-embedded anchor bolts.

[0009] Furthermore, the vertical support column is a square steel tube made of Q235 steel, and the column body of the vertical support column is provided with stiffening ribs.

[0010] Furthermore, the low-friction isolation layer includes a Teflon column cap disposed on the upper end plate of the vertical bearing column and a smooth steel plate disposed on the lower surface of the floor slab, wherein the Teflon column cap and the smooth steel plate are in sliding fit. The low-friction isolation layer also includes a lubricant coated between the Teflon cap and the smooth steel plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper end plate of the vertical support column is provided with an adjustable height device for adjusting the initial gap between the top of the column and the lower surface of the floor slab, wherein the initial gap is controlled within the range of 0 to 2 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes at least one lightweight connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to the upper end plate or upper section of the vertical bearing column, and the other end of which can abut against an adjacent frame column or another adjacent vertical bearing column. Furthermore, a connecting assembly is provided at the connection between the lightweight connecting rod and the vertical bearing column; The lightweight connecting rod, the vertical bearing column, and the edge of the floor slab form a spatial triangular truss structure after the failure of the window wall.

[0013] Furthermore, a support plate is provided on the lower surface of the floor slab at a position corresponding to the upper end plate of the vertical bearing column. The support plate slides in conjunction with the low-friction isolation layer. After the window wall fails, the upper end plate of the vertical bearing column is aligned and contacts the support plate to prevent lateral slippage.

[0014] Furthermore, the vertical support column has a displacement sensor or strain gauge integrated in its body or top to monitor the vertical displacement or stress state of the support column.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom of the vertical support column is provided with an anti-slip base plate, the lower surface of which has anti-slip teeth or rough texture to increase friction with the building floor.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By setting independent vertical load-bearing columns and utilizing a low-friction isolation layer, the vertical load is automatically transferred after wall failure. When the wall between windows breaks, the load-bearing columns take over from the failed wall to continue supporting the floor slab, effectively preventing the floor slab from falling and filling the structural safety guarantee gap at this critical time point after wall failure; 2. By installing a low-friction isolation layer of Teflon with a friction coefficient of less than 0.02 and lubricating grease at the top of the column, and adopting a contact or micro-gap, pre-stress-free installation method, it is ensured that the supporting column does not bear or only bears a very small amount of horizontal seismic shear force during the initial stage of an earthquake and the intact stage of the window wall. This achieves the dual function integration of horizontal sliding decoupling during the earthquake and vertical bearing after the earthquake, avoiding the redistribution of internal forces or self-destruction caused by the premature participation of the supporting column in bearing the load. 3. The square steel tube columns are made of standard Q235 steel, and utilize mature Teflon and lubricating grease sliding layer materials, resulting in a simple structure and convenient installation. The supporting columns are arranged close to the existing window piers, without occupying the building's ground floor space or affecting daily operations. While ensuring high seismic redundancy, it achieves low-cost and high-efficiency engineering applications, making it particularly suitable for the collapse-resistant reinforcement and renovation of a large number of existing multi-story commercial buildings, demonstrating significant disaster reduction benefits and promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a lightweight linkage structure for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the screw structure of a support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of the support column bearing vertical load after the failure of the inter-window wall in an open multi-story building to resist earthquake collapse, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the upper end plate structure for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with openings, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In the attached image: Vertical load-bearing column - 100, base plate - 110, top plate - 120, low-friction isolation layer - 200, Teflon column cap - 210, oil reservoir - 230, column - 300, lightweight connecting rod - 400, oblong hole - 410, screw - 420; floor slab - 500 Detailed Implementation

[0019] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] This embodiment provides a support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades. The ground floor of the multi-story building has an open area on the street-facing side supported only by columns 300 and without infill walls. A window wall is provided inside this area, and a floor slab is provided above the open area.

[0021] The support structure in this embodiment includes: a vertical bearing column 100 and a low-friction isolation layer 200.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the vertical support column 100 is made of Q235 steel, in the shape of a square steel tube with a cross-sectional dimension of 100mm × 100mm and a wall thickness of 6mm. The lower end of the vertical support column 100 is fixedly connected to the building ground, and its upper end plate extends to the vicinity of the lower surface of the floor slab. Specifically, a base plate 110 is welded and fixed to the lower end of the vertical support column 100. The base plate 110 has four bolt holes evenly distributed on it, and is fixedly connected to the concrete foundation by pre-embedded anchor bolts. The upper end plate of the vertical support column 100 and the lower surface of the floor slab form a contact fit or maintain a micro-gap fit relationship of 0-2mm.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the low-friction isolation layer 200 is disposed between the upper end plate of the vertical support column 100 and the lower surface of the floor slab. The low-friction isolation layer 200 includes a Teflon column cap 210 disposed on the upper end plate of the vertical support column 100 and a smooth steel plate 220 disposed on the lower surface of the floor slab, wherein the Teflon column cap 210 and the smooth steel plate 220 are in sliding engagement.

[0024] Furthermore, such as Figure 5As shown, the upper surface of the Teflon cap 210 has multiple oil-retaining recesses 230, which are arranged in an array to accommodate grease. The low-friction isolation layer 200 also includes grease coated between the Teflon cap 210 and the smooth steel plate 220. The grease fills the oil-retaining recesses 230 and forms a uniform lubricating film on the upper surface of the Teflon cap 210. By providing the oil-retaining recesses 230, grease loss during long-term use or compression can be effectively prevented, ensuring that the low-friction isolation layer 200 maintains stable lubrication performance over a service life of several decades.

[0025] Tests showed that the overall friction coefficient of the low-friction isolation layer 200 is 0.014, which is lower than 0.02. When the vertical bearing column 100 and the floor slab undergo relative horizontal displacement, the Teflon column cap 210 and the smooth steel plate 220 achieve ultra-low friction sliding through the lubricating film, thereby effectively isolating the transmission of horizontal seismic shear force.

[0026] The working principle of the support structure in this embodiment is as follows: When subjected to an earthquake and the window wall remains intact, the upper end plate of the vertical load-bearing column 100 maintains contact or a slight gap with the lower surface of the floor slab through the low-friction isolation layer 200. Due to the extremely low coefficient of friction of the low-friction isolation layer 200, the vertical load-bearing column 100 does not bear or only bears a small horizontal seismic shear force, thus not interfering with the horizontal reciprocating displacement of the original structure under earthquake action.

[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, when a strong earthquake causes the inter-window wall to fracture brittlely and lose its vertical load-bearing capacity, the floor slab sinks due to the loss of support. At this time, the floor slab transfers the vertical load to the upper end plate of the vertical bearing column 100 through the low-friction isolation layer 200. The vertical bearing column 100 independently supports the floor slab, preventing it from falling. When the floor slab remains horizontal, the forces on each column are relatively balanced, and the building is less likely to collapse.

[0028] To verify the mechanical properties and collapse resistance of the supporting structure in this embodiment, a scaled-down model was constructed and a shaking table seismic simulation test was conducted. The test model was a scaled-down model of a three-story open building, with three load conditions input: minor earthquake (0.1g), moderate earthquake (0.37g), and strong earthquake (1.42g). The test results show that: During minor earthquakes: the walls and frame columns share the structural load, while the tops of the supporting columns remain in contact with or have a slight gap with the floor slab and do not participate in the load-bearing process.

[0029] During the intermediate earthquake phase: the open wall bears the main seismic shear force, and shear cracks gradually appear, but the wall still has the load-bearing capacity, and the supporting columns are still in a non-working state.

[0030] During the strong earthquake phase: The wall between the windows instantly developed an "X"-shaped shear crack and collapsed, losing its vertical bearing capacity; the pre-installed anti-collapse support columns played a role, successfully bearing the vertical load transferred from the failed wall and sliding on the low-friction interface; the frame columns and transverse wall system remained basically intact, and the floor slabs did not fall.

[0031] For comparison, a comparative test was conducted on the same shaking table on a model of the same size without the support structure of this embodiment. Under strong earthquakes, the open-ended building without support columns experienced shear-compression failure of the walls, followed by floor collapse and overall building collapse. The building equipped with the support structure of this embodiment remained standing after a strong earthquake, strongly verifying the feasibility and necessity of this support structure.

[0032] Example 2 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, further includes an adjustable height device. The upper end plate of the vertical support column 100 is equipped with an adjustable height device, specifically comprising an adjusting nut and a set of washers located at the top of the column. By rotating the adjusting nut, the initial gap between the top of the column and the lower surface of the floor slab can be precisely adjusted, with the initial gap controlled within the range of 0–2 mm. This adjustable height device can compensate for construction and installation errors as well as subsidence caused by creep during long-term use of the floor slab, ensuring that the support column is in a correct non-stressed or micro-contact state before the window wall fails.

[0033] Example 3 like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, further includes at least one lightweight connecting rod 400. The lightweight connecting rod 400 is made of Q235 steel and is in the shape of a round or rectangular tube, used to provide additional lateral stability restraint after the failure of the spandrel wall.

[0034] One end of the lightweight connecting rod 400 is hinged to the upper end plate or upper section of the vertical support column 100, and the other end is hinged to an adjacent frame column or another adjacent vertical support column. Specifically, both ends of the lightweight connecting rod 400 are provided with hinge lugs, and hinge holes are provided on the hinge lugs. Connecting supports are fixedly provided at the corresponding positions of the upper end plate of the vertical support column 100 and the adjacent frame column.

[0035] The two ends of the lightweight connecting rod 400 are hinged to the connecting support by screws 420. The screws 420 serve as hinge axes, allowing the lightweight connecting rod 400 to rotate around the axis of the screws 420.

[0036] To further ensure that the lightweight connecting rod 400 does not generate additional constraints when sliding horizontally in the low-friction isolation layer 200, the connection between the lightweight connecting rod 400 and the vertical support column 100 is provided with the elongated hole 410. Specifically, the hinge hole on the hinge lug is an elongated hole 410, and the major axis of the elongated hole 410 is aligned with the length direction of the lightweight connecting rod 400. When the vertical support column 100 experiences slight vertical displacement or horizontal sliding due to floor settlement, the screw 420 can slide relative to it within the elongated hole 410, thereby providing a certain rotational margin and displacement compensation capability, and preventing the lightweight connecting rod 400 from generating rigid constraints on the free sliding of the vertical support column 100.

[0037] The lightweight connecting rod 400 is configured as a foldable structure. Specifically, the lightweight connecting rod 400 includes a first rod segment and a second rod segment, which are connected by a folding hinge. The folding hinge includes a U-shaped fork at the end of the first rod segment and an insertion portion at the end of the second rod segment, the insertion portion being inserted into the U-shaped fork and hinged by a pin.

[0038] Under normal use, with the spandrel wall intact, the lightweight connecting rod 400 is folded and stored, attached to the side of the vertical load-bearing column 100 or frame column, without occupying extra space or affecting the horizontal sliding function of the low-friction isolation layer 200. When the spandrel wall fails, the floor slab settles, and the vertical load-bearing column 100 is triggered to participate in load-bearing, the lightweight connecting rod 400 can be unfolded under tension or thrust, and the first and second rod segments rotate relative to each other to the same straight line position, forming a rigid connection.

[0039] When the lightweight connecting rod 400 is fully deployed, the lightweight connecting rod 400, the vertical bearing column 100, and the edge of the floor slab together form a spatial triangular truss structure. This triangular truss structure has geometric invariance and can effectively constrain the horizontal displacement of the top of the vertical bearing column 100, further enhancing the overall stability and lateral displacement resistance of the support system under a major earthquake.

[0040] The screw 420 is a high-strength bolt with a lock nut at its end. The rotational resistance at the hinge of the lightweight connecting rod 400 can be controlled by adjusting the tightening torque of the lock nut. When needed, the operator can also manually fold or unfold the lightweight connecting rod 400 for easy transportation, storage, and on-site installation.

[0041] Example 4 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment includes a support plate on the lower surface of the floor slab corresponding to the upper end plate of the vertical load-bearing column 100. The support plate is a polished steel plate that slides in conjunction with the low-friction isolation layer 200. When the window pier fails, the upper end plate of the vertical load-bearing column 100 automatically slides into the positioning recess of the support plate or aligns with it to prevent lateral slippage and ensure accurate vertical load transfer.

[0042] Example 5 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, integrates a displacement sensor or strain gauge into the column body or top of the vertical support column 100. The displacement sensor is used to monitor the vertical displacement of the support column, and the strain gauge is used to monitor the stress state of the support column. After an earthquake, by reading the sensor data, it is possible to quickly assess whether the support column has participated in the stress and the safety status of the building, providing data support for post-earthquake emergency decision-making.

[0043] Example 6 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides an anti-slip base plate at the bottom of the vertical support column 100. The lower surface of the anti-slip base plate has anti-slip teeth or a rough texture to increase the friction between the anti-slip base plate and the building floor, further resisting the residual horizontal shear force that may be generated after the wall fails, and preventing the column base from slipping.

[0044] In summary, the present invention provides a support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades. By incorporating a low-friction isolation layer, it achieves horizontal force decoupling under seismic action and automatic transfer of vertical loads after wall failure. Further enhancements, such as an adjustable height device, lightweight connecting rods, a support plate, sensors, and an anti-slip base plate, further improve the structure's construction tolerance, overall stability, force transmission reliability, post-earthquake assessability, and anti-slip capability. This support structure is simple in design and cost-effective, significantly improving collapse redundancy without affecting the functionality of existing buildings, demonstrating outstanding disaster mitigation benefits and widespread applicability.

[0045] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program goods. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program goods embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0046] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program goods according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0047] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0048] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open layouts, wherein the ground floor of the multi-story building has an open area supported only by columns and without infill walls, a window sill is provided on the inside of the open area, and a floor slab is provided above the open area, characterized in that, include: The vertical support column is made of steel, with its lower end fixedly connected to the building floor, and its upper end plate forming contact with or having a micro gap of 0~2mm with the lower surface of the floor slab. A low-friction isolation layer is disposed between the upper end plate of the vertical bearing column and the lower surface of the floor slab, and the friction coefficient of the low-friction isolation layer is less than 0.

02.

2. A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal distance between the vertical support column and the intact frame column in the ground floor opening area is less than the span dimension of the floor slab, and the height of the vertical support column is the same as the height of the frame column.

3. A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the vertical support column is fixedly connected to a base plate, which has multiple bolt holes and is fixedly connected to the building ground by pre-embedded anchor bolts.

4. A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical support column is a square steel tube made of Q235 steel, and the column body of the vertical support column is provided with stiffening ribs.

5. A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-friction isolation layer includes a Teflon column cap disposed on the upper end plate of the vertical bearing column and a smooth steel plate disposed on the lower surface of the floor slab, wherein the Teflon column cap and the smooth steel plate are in sliding fit. The low-friction isolation layer also includes a grease coated between the Teflon cap and the smooth steel plate, and the grease is disposed in an oil reservoir.

6. A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end plate of the vertical support column is equipped with an adjustable height device for adjusting the initial gap between the top of the column and the lower surface of the floor slab. The initial gap is controlled within the range of 0 to 2 mm.

7. A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one lightweight connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to the upper end plate or upper section of the vertical bearing column, and the other end can abut against an adjacent frame column or another adjacent vertical bearing column. Furthermore, a connecting assembly is provided at the connection between the lightweight connecting rod and the vertical bearing column; The lightweight connecting rod, the vertical bearing column, and the edge of the floor slab form a spatial triangular truss structure after the failure of the window wall.

8. A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support plate is provided on the lower surface of the floor slab at a position corresponding to the upper end plate of the vertical support column. The support plate slides in conjunction with the low-friction isolation layer. After the window wall fails, the upper end plate of the vertical support column is aligned and contacts the support plate to prevent lateral slippage.

9. A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical support column has a displacement sensor or strain gauge integrated in its body or top to monitor the vertical displacement or stress state of the support column.

10. A support device for earthquake-resistant multi-story buildings with open facades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the vertical support column is provided with an anti-slip base plate, and the lower surface of the anti-slip base plate has anti-slip teeth or rough texture to increase the friction between the anti-slip base plate and the building floor.

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