Three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with anti-pulling function

Abstract

This invention discloses a three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with anti-pull-out function, belonging to the field of seismic isolation bearing technology. The device includes a fixed base and a vibrating frame movably disposed within the fixed base. Multiple vertically arranged dampers are circumferentially arrayed between the bottom surface of the vibrating frame and the fixed base. Each damper includes a cylinder, a movable block, a piston rod, a damping ring assembly, and a flow-limiting one-way valve. The flow-limiting one-way valve allows gas to rapidly enter the rodless chamber while restricting rapid gas discharge, resulting in low damping during the extension stroke and high damping during the return stroke, achieving asymmetric damping characteristics. The two ends of the damper are hinged to the vibrating frame and the fixed base via ball joints, allowing for adaptive tilting to simultaneously perform vertical and horizontal damping functions. This invention also utilizes the elastic constraint of the damping spring and mechanical limiting to form a two-stage anti-pull-out cooperative mechanism, resulting in a compact structure that combines seismic isolation, energy dissipation, and anti-pull-out functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic isolation bearing technology, specifically a three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with pull-out resistance. Background Technology

[0002] Seismic isolation technology is an important method in the field of structural seismic resistance. Its core principle is to install seismic isolation bearings between the isolated component and the foundation or supporting structure. The deformation and energy dissipation of the seismic isolation bearings isolate or absorb vibrational energy, thereby protecting the safety of the superstructure. Three-dimensional seismic isolation bearings can provide seismic isolation protection in both vertical and horizontal directions and are widely used in fields such as seismic isolation of precision instruments and equipment, seismic protection of industrial pipelines, protection of medical equipment, and seismic isolation of critical facilities.

[0003] Existing three-dimensional seismic isolation bearings typically employ forms such as laminated rubber bearings, friction pendulum bearings, or combinations of springs and dampers. Among these, laminated rubber bearings offer high vertical stiffness but limited vertical isolation effectiveness; friction pendulum bearings, while possessing some self-resetting capability, have horizontal restoring force dependent on surface geometry, resulting in weak vertical isolation; and while spring-damper combination bearings can be designed for triaxial isolation, they generally suffer from complex structures and limited damping characteristics, making it difficult to achieve differentiated damping control for the two different strokes of tension and restoring. Furthermore, existing seismic isolation bearings pose a risk of pulling out and detaching the superstructure when subjected to large vertical pull-out forces, indicating insufficient pull-out resistance. This necessitates the addition of external limiting devices, increasing the overall structural volume and complicating installation.

[0004] In terms of damping control, traditional seismic isolation bearings typically exhibit symmetrical damping characteristics in both the tensile and restoring directions, meaning that the damping forces provided in both directions of motion are essentially the same. However, in practical applications, an ideal seismic isolation bearing should be able to easily generate displacement to isolate vibration energy when vibration occurs, while requiring greater damping during the restoring phase after vibration has weakened or stopped to quickly dissipate energy and suppress secondary oscillations.

[0005] Existing seismic isolation bearings cannot simultaneously meet the above two requirements, and there is an urgent need for a three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with a compact structure, asymmetric adjustable damping characteristics, and pull-out resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with anti-pull-out function, which solves the problems mentioned above.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with anti-pull-out function, including a fixed base and a vibration frame movably disposed in the fixed base, wherein multiple vertically arranged shock absorbers are arranged in a circumferential array between the bottom end face of the vibration frame and the fixed base.

[0010] The shock absorber includes a cylinder, a movable block disposed within the cylinder, and a piston rod connected to the movable block. The movable block is provided with a damping ring assembly, and a flow-limiting check valve is installed on the cylinder. The flow-limiting check valve is configured to allow gas to enter the rodless chamber of the cylinder quickly while restricting the gas from escaping quickly, so that the damping of the shock absorber during the extension stroke is less than the damping during the reset stroke.

[0011] The upper end of each shock absorber is hinged to the vibration frame via ball joint one, and the lower end is hinged to the fixed seat via ball joint two. This allows the shock absorber to adaptively tilt and be stretched when the vibration frame undergoes horizontal displacement. After the vibration stops, the shock absorber drives the vibration frame to reset.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the asymmetric throttling effect of the flow-limiting one-way valve on the intake and exhaust of the rodless chamber, combined with the damping enhancement mechanism of the damping ring assembly in the reset stroke, enables the shock absorber to achieve the asymmetric damping characteristics of "easy stretching and slow reset". During the vibration stretching stage, the resistance is small and the displacement is easy to adapt to. During the reset stage, the damping is increased, the energy is efficiently dissipated, and secondary oscillation is avoided. At the same time, each shock absorber adapts to displacement in any horizontal direction through the ball joints at the upper and lower ends, converting the combined horizontal and vertical vibration into the axial stretching motion of the shock absorber. This allows the vertically arranged shock absorbers to simultaneously undertake the damping function in both vertical and horizontal directions. After the vibration stops, the shock absorber drives the vibration frame to reset by its own elastic restoring force, preventing residual displacement.

[0013] Preferably, the movable block divides the cylinder body into a rodless chamber and a rod chamber. One end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the movable block, and the other end passes through the top of the cylinder body and is connected to a ball joint. A shock-absorbing spring is connected between the movable block and the top wall of the cylinder body, and the shock-absorbing spring is sleeved on the outside of the piston rod. A sealing ring is also fitted on the outer wall of the movable block, and the sealing ring is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the cylinder body. The flow-limiting one-way valve is installed at the air port connecting the cylinder body and the rodless chamber.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the cylinder body cavity is divided into a rodless chamber and a rod chamber by a sealing ring, ensuring the airtightness of the rodless chamber. This allows a stable positive or negative pressure to be formed in the rodless chamber when the moving block moves, providing a pressure source for the pneumatic drive of the flow-limiting check valve and damping ring assembly. The damping spring stores energy during the extension stroke and releases energy during the reset stroke, providing elastic restoring force for the moving block. This, combined with the throttling effect of the flow-limiting check valve, achieves asymmetric damping characteristics.

[0015] Preferably, the damping ring assembly includes:

[0016] An annular airbag is fitted onto the outer wall of the movable block, and its interior has an annular chamber.

[0017] Multiple damping block assemblies are arranged in a circumferential array along the annular airbag. The inner side of each damping block assembly is in contact with the outer wall of the annular airbag, and the outer side is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0018] The tightening ring, which is elastic, is fitted onto the outside of multiple damping block assemblies to apply a radially inward tightening force to the damping block assemblies;

[0019] An air passage is provided inside the movable block, which connects the rodless cavity and the annular cavity. During the reset stroke, the compressed gas in the rodless cavity enters the annular cavity through the air passage, forcing the annular airbag to expand, thereby pushing the damping block assembly to move radially outward against the tightening force of the tightening ring.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the compressed gas of the rodless cavity itself is used as the driving force during the reset stroke. The annular airbag is introduced through the air passage to expand it, and the air pressure is converted into a radial thrust on the damping block assembly. This causes the damping block assembly to overcome the clamping force of the clamping ring and expand outward, increasing the contact pressure and frictional damping between the damping block assembly and the inner wall of the cylinder. This achieves the effect of automatic damping enhancement during the reset phase. No external power source or complex control mechanism is required. The structure is simple and the response is rapid.

[0021] Preferably, each of the two axial sides of the annular airbag is provided with a positioning ring, which is fixedly fitted onto the outer wall of the movable block for axial positioning of the annular airbag.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the positioning ring axially limits the annular airbag, preventing it from moving axially or falling off during the movement of the movable block, ensuring that the annular airbag can reliably follow the movable block and move synchronously, and effectively transmit the radial thrust to the damping block assembly when it expands.

[0023] Preferably, the damping block assembly includes:

[0024] The support, the inner side of which is in contact with the outer wall of the annular airbag;

[0025] The damping block is embedded on the outside of the support, and the outer arc surface of the damping block slides in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0026] The damping block has a groove that fits into the tightening ring, and the tightening ring is embedded in the groove.

[0027] The support is fixed with a limit rod on the side near the annular airbag, and the limit rod slides in conjunction with the positioning ring.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the tightening ring is embedded in the groove of the damping block to achieve axial positioning of the tightening ring, preventing it from shifting or falling out during operation and ensuring stable application of the tightening force; the limiting rod slides with the positioning ring to constrain the circumferential and axial movement of the damping block assembly, allowing it to move only radially along the movable block, so that the direction of damping force application is controllable, avoiding uneven wear and jamming, and ensuring stable and reliable damping force.

[0029] Preferably, the inner wall of the annular airbag is provided with a connecting tube, which communicates with the annular chamber and is sealed to the airway inside the movable block.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the connecting cannula achieves a reliable sealed connection between the annular airbag and the airway, providing a dedicated channel for compressed gas from the rodless chamber to enter the annular chamber, avoiding gas leakage, and ensuring rapid expansion response and efficient pressure transmission of the annular airbag.

[0031] Preferably, the flow-limiting check valve includes:

[0032] The valve body is installed at the air port and communicates with the rodless chamber.

[0033] End cap, fixed to the outer end of the valve body;

[0034] Dustproof netting, clamped between the end cap and the valve body;

[0035] The valve plate is movably mounted within the valve body;

[0036] The movable rod is fixedly connected to the valve plate at one end.

[0037] A limit ring is fixed to the inner wall of the valve body, and the movable rod passes through the limit ring;

[0038] A compression spring is sleeved on the outside of the movable rod, with its two ends abutting against the limit ring and the valve plate, respectively.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, during the stretching stroke, the rodless chamber forms a negative pressure, and the external air pushes the valve plate to overcome the elastic force of the compression spring and open the valve body port, thereby achieving rapid air intake and reducing stretching resistance. During the reset stroke, the compression spring and the air pressure in the rodless chamber jointly push the valve plate to close the valve body port, leaving only the throttling channel for slow exhaust. This, combined with the damping ring assembly, achieves reset resistance increase. The overall structure is compact and the operation is reliable.

[0040] Preferably, the valve plate includes a support plate and a rubber block embedded at one end of the support plate, and the support plate and the rubber block are provided with micro-holes.

[0041] By adopting the above technical solution, the rubber block forms a flexible sealing contact with the valve body port when the valve plate is closed, which improves the sealing effect in the closed state and prevents gas from leaking from the port gap; at the same time, the micro-hole forms a throttling exhaust channel when the valve plate is closed, so that the gas in the rodless chamber can only be discharged slowly, ensuring that the rodless chamber can maintain sufficient pressure to drive the annular airbag to expand during the reset stroke.

[0042] Preferably, the bottom of the outer wall of the vibration frame is provided with a protruding edge, and the bottom end face of the protruding edge is provided with a buffer pad one; the inner wall of the fixed seat is provided with a ring-shaped protrusion, and a buffer pad two is fixed on the inner wall of the ring-shaped protrusion, and the inner wall of the buffer pad two is in contact with the outer wall of the vibration frame; the ring-shaped protrusion cooperates with the protruding edge to limit the upward movement limit of the vibration frame.

[0043] By adopting the above technical solution, the first buffer pad provides vertical end buffer when the vibrating frame moves downward to the limit position, preventing the vibrating frame from rigidly colliding with the fixed seat; the second buffer pad provides horizontal damping and limits the amplitude through compression and shear deformation when the vibrating frame vibrates horizontally, and at the same time plays an auxiliary role in centering and resetting; the ring shape protrusion and the convex edge cooperate to form an upward movement limiting structure, which reliably prevents the vibrating frame from being pulled out of the fixed seat, realizes the anti-pull-out function, and the overall structure is simple without adding additional independent limiting components.

[0044] Preferably, the top of the vibration frame is connected to the connecting plate via a connecting column; a corrugated pipe is fitted on the outside of the connecting column, and the two ends of the corrugated pipe are respectively sealed to the connecting column and the fixed seat.

[0045] By adopting the above technical solution, a gap is left between the connecting column and the through hole on the fixed seat to prevent vibration from being transmitted to the fixed seat; the bellows can freely expand, contract and deform during the movement of the connecting column without interfering with the displacement of the connecting column, while forming a seal inside the fixed seat to prevent external debris from entering and affecting the normal operation of internal components such as the shock absorber, thus taking into account both the flexibility of movement and the protective sealing.

[0046] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0047] This invention provides a three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with pull-out resistance. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] 1. This invention utilizes a flow-limiting one-way valve on the cylinder of the shock absorber and a damping ring assembly on the moving block. By employing the asymmetric throttling effect of the flow-limiting one-way valve on the intake and exhaust of the rodless chamber, the shock absorber achieves asymmetric damping characteristics of "easy extension, slow recovery." This allows the support to flexibly generate displacement to isolate vibration energy during vibration, and in the recovery phase, it efficiently dissipates energy through high damping, avoiding secondary oscillations and significantly improving vibration isolation performance.

[0049] 2. This invention connects the rodless chamber to the annular chamber of the annular airbag via an air passage inside the moving block. During the reset stroke, the compressed gas within the rodless chamber directly drives the annular airbag to expand, thereby pushing the damping block assembly to expand radially and increasing the frictional damping between the damping block assembly and the inner wall of the cylinder. This pneumatically self-driven damping mechanism requires no external power source or complex hydraulic control circuit, has a simple and compact structure, responds quickly, and automatically adjusts damping to follow changes in motion.

[0050] 3. The upper and lower ends of the shock absorber of the present invention are respectively hinged to the vibration frame and the fixed seat through ball joint one and ball joint two, so that multiple vertically arranged shock absorbers can adaptively tilt when vibrating at any angle in the horizontal direction, and convert the combined horizontal and vertical displacement into the axial tensile motion of the shock absorber. Thus, the same set of shock absorbers can realize the shock absorption function in both vertical and horizontal directions at the same time, giving full play to the effectiveness of the damping structure and the elastic reset structure, and reducing the types and number of shock absorption elements required.

[0051] 4. This invention utilizes a shock absorber vertically arranged between the vibrating frame and the fixed seat. The internal shock-absorbing spring is stretched when the vibrating frame is subjected to an upward pulling force, generating a downward elastic restoring force. This provides the first layer of anti-pull-out protection for the support, forcing the pull-out process to overcome the spring tension, thus preventing the vibrating frame from easily detaching. When the pull-out displacement further increases to the limit stroke, the annular protrusion on the inner wall of the fixed seat and the protruding edge at the bottom of the outer wall of the vibrating frame form a mechanical limiting engagement, constituting a second rigid stop. This reliably limits the maximum upward displacement of the vibrating frame, preventing it from detaching from the fixed seat. The above-mentioned elastic constraint of the shock-absorbing spring and mechanical limiting form a two-stage anti-pull-out cooperative mechanism, eliminating the need for additional external independent limiting components, resulting in a compact structure and high reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the shock absorber in this invention;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the piston rod structure in this invention;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the active block in this invention;

[0056] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of area A;

[0057] Figure 6 This is a top view of the internal structure of the annular airbag in this invention;

[0058] Figure 7This is a top view of the damping block assembly structure in this invention;

[0059] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the damping block assembly in this invention;

[0060] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the flow-limiting check valve in this invention;

[0061] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the valve plate in this invention.

[0062] In the diagram: 1. Fixed base; 2. Vibration frame; 3. Shock absorber; 4. Protruding edge; 5. Buffer pad one; 6. Buffer pad two; 7. Connecting column; 8. Connecting plate; 9. Bellows; 11. Ring-shaped protrusion; 31. Cylinder body; 32. Ball joint one; 33. Ball joint two; 34. Moving block; 341. Air passage; 35. Damping ring assembly; 36. Sealing ring; 37. Flow-limiting check valve; 38. Air port; 39. Piston rod; 310. Shock-absorbing spring; 351. Annular airbag; 3 511. Annular chamber; 3512. Connecting cannula; 352. Positioning ring; 353. Damping block assembly; 354. Tensioning ring; 3531. Support; 3532. Damping block; 3533. Groove; 3534. Limiting rod; 371. Valve body; 372. End cap; 373. Dustproof net; 374. Valve plate; 375. Movable rod; 376. Limiting ring; 377. Compression spring; 3741. Support plate; 3742. Rubber block; 3743. Micro-hole. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 10 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0064] This application provides a three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with anti-pull-out function. The device mainly includes a fixed base 1, a vibration frame 2, a shock absorber 3, a protruding edge 4, a buffer pad 1 5, a buffer pad 2 6, a connecting column 7, and a connecting plate 8.

[0065] The fixed base 1 has a frame-like structure and is used to fix it to the lower component of the two components being isolated. The vibration frame 2 is a closed-top cylindrical tube located inside the cavity of the fixed base 1, with space between them for relative movement. The bottom of the outer wall of the vibration frame 2 has a protruding edge 4, and a buffer pad 5 is installed on the bottom surface of the protruding edge 4. Under normal conditions, the buffer pad 5 is under pressure, and its bottom surface is in contact with the inner bottom surface of the fixed base 1, providing a buffering effect at the extreme displacement in the vertical downward direction.

[0066] A ring-shaped protrusion 11 protrudes inward from the center of the inner wall of the fixed base 1. A buffer pad 6 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the ring-shaped protrusion 11. The buffer pad 6 is annular, and its inner wall fits against the outer wall of the vibration frame 2. During horizontal vibration, it withstands compression and shear deformation, provides damping for horizontal displacement and limits the amplitude, and also assists in centering and resetting. The ring-shaped protrusion 11 also limits the upward movement limit of the vibration frame 2. When the vibration frame 2 moves upward to the protrusion, the protrusion blocks the protruding edge 4, thereby reliably preventing the vibration frame 2 from being pulled out and detached from the fixed base 1, achieving the anti-pull-out function.

[0067] The top surface of the vibration frame 2 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting column 7, and the top of the connecting column 7 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 8. The connecting plate 8 is used to fix the upper component of the two components to be isolated. The top of the fixing seat 1 has a through hole with a diameter larger than that of the connecting column 7, so that the connecting column 7 has sufficient clearance in the through hole and does not come into contact with the fixing seat 1 when moving in the vertical or horizontal direction, thus preventing vibration from being transmitted to the fixing seat 1.

[0068] A bellows 9 is fitted onto the outer side of the connecting column 7. The top end of the bellows 9 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting column 7, and the bottom end is fixedly connected to the top end of the fixing seat 1. The bellows 9 can freely expand, contract, and deform as it moves with the connecting column 7, without interfering with the displacement of the connecting column 7. At the same time, it forms a seal on the internal cavity of the fixing seat 1 to prevent external debris from entering.

[0069] Furthermore, both buffer pad 5 and buffer pad 6 are made of high-damping rubber material, preferably nitrile rubber or polyurethane elastomer. Buffer pad 5 undergoes elastic deformation under vertical ultimate compression, absorbing impact energy through its own internal friction, providing end-stage cushioning, and preventing rigid collision between the vibrating frame 2 and the fixed seat 1, thus preventing the resulting noise. Buffer pad 6 is subjected to compression and shearing during horizontal vibration, dissipating horizontal vibration energy through its high damping characteristics, while simultaneously applying a restoring force towards the central axis of the vibrating frame 2, assisting the vibrating frame 2 in returning to its initial alignment position.

[0070] The core design element of this invention lies in the shock absorber 3. Multiple sets of shock absorbers 3 are arranged circumferentially between the center of the bottom surface of the vibrating frame 2 and the inner bottom surface of the fixed base 1. Each set of shock absorbers 3 is vertically positioned and initially in an axially contracted state. When the vibrating frame 2 experiences vertical displacement, the shock absorber 3 is stretched axially, providing vertical damping. When the vibrating frame 2 experiences horizontal displacement, the shock absorber 3 is stretched obliquely, also providing damping, allowing the vertically arranged shock absorbers 3 to simultaneously perform both vertical and horizontal damping functions. After vibration stops, the shock absorber 3 returns to a vertical state using its own elastic restoring force, causing the vibrating frame 2 to reset and preventing residual horizontal displacement of the vibrating frame 2.

[0071] Specifically, the upper end of the shock absorber 3 is hinged to the bottom surface of the vibration frame 2 via ball joint 32, and the lower end of the shock absorber 3 is hinged to the inner bottom surface of the fixed seat 1 via ball joint 33. When the vibration frame 2 moves in any horizontal direction, the shock absorber 3 tilts adaptively via ball joints 32 and 33 at both ends, and the shock absorber 3 is stretched as a whole.

[0072] Both the ball joint 32 and the ball joint 33 have ball heads and shells made of alloy structural steel, preferably 40Cr steel, and are heat-treated to obtain good strength and toughness. The ball head surface is hard chrome plated or nitrided to improve surface hardness and wear resistance, and enhance corrosion resistance. In this embodiment, ball joint 32 connects the top end of piston rod 39 to vibration frame 2, and ball joint 33 connects the bottom end of cylinder 31 to fixed seat 1. The two work together to enable the shock absorber 3 to achieve adaptive tilting in any horizontal direction, converting the combined horizontal and vertical displacement of vibration frame 2 into tensile motion along the axial direction of shock absorber 3. This ensures that the damping structure and elastic reset structure inside the shock absorber 3 can always work effectively, while avoiding excessive bending moment on piston rod 39.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, the shock absorber 3 includes a cylinder 31, a movable block 34, a damping ring assembly 35, a sealing ring 36, a flow-limiting one-way valve 37, an air port 38, a piston rod 39, a shock-absorbing spring 310, and a limiting plate 311.

[0074] The cylinder body 31 has a cylindrical structure, and a movable block 34 is provided inside. A damping ring assembly 35 and a sealing ring 36 are respectively fitted on the upper and lower sides of the outer wall of the movable block 34. Both the damping ring assembly 35 and the sealing ring 36 can slide along the inner wall of the cylinder body 31. The sealing ring 36 forms a sealing fit with the inner wall of the cylinder body 31, dividing the inner cavity of the cylinder body 31 into an upper rod-type cavity and a lower rodless cavity. The damping ring assembly 35 is used to generate frictional damping with the inner wall of the cylinder body 31 to dissipate vibration energy.

[0075] A vent 38 is provided on each of the upper and lower sides of the outer wall of the cylinder 31. A flow-limiting check valve 37 is installed at the vent 38 located on the lower side of the cylinder 31, which connects the rodless chamber of the cylinder 31 to the external atmosphere. The top of the movable block 34 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the piston rod 39. The piston rod 39 extends upward along the axis of the cylinder 31, and its top end extends through the top wall of the cylinder 31 and connects to ball joint 32. The bottom end of the cylinder 31 is connected to ball joint 33. The top of the movable block 34 is elastically connected to the inner top wall of the cylinder 31 through a shock-absorbing spring 310, which is sleeved on the outside of the piston rod 39.

[0076] The flow-limiting check valve 37 is configured as a one-way throttling structure with low flow resistance in the intake direction and high flow resistance in the exhaust direction. When the shock absorber 3 is stretched, i.e., when the movable block 34 moves upward in the cylinder 31, the rodless chamber volume increases and a negative pressure is formed. External air can quickly enter the rodless chamber through the flow-limiting check valve 37 for replenishment, and the stretching process has low resistance. When the shock absorber spring 310 pushes the movable block 34 downward to reset, the rodless chamber volume decreases, and the air in the chamber is compressed. The flow-limiting check valve 37 prevents the air from being discharged quickly. The compressed air in the rodless chamber acts on the damping ring assembly 35, forcing the damping ring assembly 35 to expand radially, increasing the frictional damping between it and the inner wall of the cylinder 31, thereby achieving efficient energy consumption during the reset process. The compressed air in the rodless chamber is slowly discharged through the throttling channel of the flow-limiting check valve 37, allowing the damping ring assembly 35 to gradually return to its contracted state after the reset process is completed.

[0077] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the damping ring assembly 35 includes an annular airbag 351, a positioning ring 352, a damping block assembly 353, and a tightening ring 354.

[0078] The annular airbag 351 is fitted onto the upper side of the outer wall of the movable block 34. A positioning ring 352 is provided on each of the upper and lower sides of the annular airbag 351. Both positioning rings 352 are fitted onto the outer side of the movable block 34 and fixedly connected thereto. They are used to axially position the annular airbag 351 to prevent it from moving axially or falling off during use, so that the annular airbag 351 can reliably follow the movable block 34 to move synchronously.

[0079] The annular airbag 351 has an annular chamber 3511 inside, and the inner wall of the annular airbag 351 has a connecting tube 3512 that communicates with the annular chamber 3511. Correspondingly, the movable block 34 has an air passage 341 inside. The air passage 341 has a 7-shaped cross-section. One end of the air passage 341 opens on the circumferential surface of the movable block 34 and corresponds to the installation position of the annular airbag 351. The other end opens on the bottom end face of the movable block 34. The connecting tube 3512 is inserted into the lateral opening of the air passage 341 and sealed to it. Thus, the rodless cavity space at the bottom end of the movable block 34 is connected to the annular chamber 3511 of the annular airbag 351 through the air passage 341 and the connecting tube 3512.

[0080] Multiple damping block assemblies 353 are arranged in a ring array along the circumferential surface of the annular airbag 351. The tightening ring 354 is an elastic annular element that is fitted onto the outside of the multiple damping block assemblies 353 and applies a tightening force pointing radially inward to each damping block assembly 353, so that the inner surface of each damping block assembly 353 remains in contact with the circumferential surface of the annular airbag 351.

[0081] During operation, when the movable block 34 moves downward, the air in the rodless chamber of the cylinder 31 is compressed. The compressed air enters the annular chamber 3511 of the annular airbag 351 through the air passage 341 at the bottom of the movable block 34 and the connecting tube 3512, causing the annular airbag 351 to expand radially. This forces each damping block assembly 353 to overcome the clamping force of the clamping ring 354 and move radially outward, increasing the contact pressure and frictional damping between the damping block assembly 353 and the inner wall of the cylinder 31, thus achieving the effect of automatically increasing damping with the movement state.

[0082] The annular airbag 351 is made of oil-resistant and aging-resistant elastic rubber material, preferably hydrogenated nitrile rubber or fluororubber. The annular chamber 3511 inside is a closed annular air chamber structure. When compressed air enters the annular chamber 3511 through the air passage 341 and the connecting tube 3512, the annular airbag 351 expands radially and uniformly, converting the air pressure into radial thrust on each damping block assembly 353. This forces the damping block assembly 353 to overcome the clamping force of the clamping ring 354 and move outward, thereby increasing the contact pressure and frictional damping between the damping block assembly and the inner wall of the cylinder 31.

[0083] The tightening ring 354 can be an open elastic ring made of spring steel wire or a closed elastic ring made of high-elasticity engineering plastics such as polyoxymethylene or nylon. The tightening ring 354 is embedded in the groove 3533 of each damping block 3532, and always applies a radially inward tightening force to each damping block assembly 353, so that the damping block 3532 can maintain proper contact with the outer wall of the annular airbag 351 and the inner wall of the cylinder 31 in normal state and during the shock absorber's extension stroke, thus preventing the damping block assembly from becoming loose, shifting, or making abnormal noise. When the annular airbag 351 inflates, the tightening ring 354 is simultaneously stretched open and undergoes elastic expansion. Its tightening force constitutes the damping reference value for the outward movement of the damping block, and together with the gas pressure of the annular airbag 351, determines the final friction damping level. When the gas pressure inside the annular airbag 351 is released, the tightening ring 354 uses its own elasticity to reset each damping block assembly to its initial position.

[0084] like Figure 8 As shown, each damping block assembly 353 includes a support 3531, a damping block 3532, a groove 3533, and a limiting rod 3534.

[0085] The inner arc surface of the support 3531 fits against the outer wall of the annular airbag 351, and a damping block 3532 is embedded on the outer side of the support 3531. The outer arc surface of the damping block 3532 slides in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder 31. A groove 3533 that fits into the middle of the damping block 3532 in the horizontal direction is formed, and the clamping ring 354 is embedded in the groove 3533 to achieve axial positioning of the clamping ring 354 and prevent it from shifting during operation.

[0086] A limiting rod 3534 is fixed at each of the upper and lower ends of the support 3531 near the annular airbag 351. The two limiting rods 3534 are slidably engaged with positioning rings 352 located on the upper and lower sides of the annular airbag 351, respectively. Specifically, the circumferential surface of the positioning ring 352 has a hole adapted to the limiting rod 3534, and the limiting rod 3534 is inserted into the hole and can slide radially therein. When the annular airbag 351 inflates and pushes the support 3531 and the damping block 3532 to move radially outward, the limiting rod 3534 slides synchronously in the hole of the positioning ring 352, thereby restricting the circumferential and axial movement of the support 3531 and the damping block 3532, allowing them to move only radially along the movable block 34, ensuring that the direction of the damping force is controllable and stable.

[0087] The damping block 3532 is made of a damping composite material with a stable coefficient of friction and good wear resistance. It can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene material filled with graphite or molybdenum disulfide, or copper-based powder metallurgy friction material. After the damping block 3532 is embedded in the support 3531, its outer arc surface slides in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder 31, generating damping force through friction. The fit between the groove 3533 and the clamping ring 354 ensures that the damping block 3532 and the support 3531 can move synchronously and not dislodge when moving radially outward. The sliding fit between the limiting rod 3534 and the positioning ring 352 restricts the circumferential and axial movement of the damping block assembly, allowing it to move only radially, thus ensuring that the magnitude and direction of the damping force are stable and controllable, avoiding uneven wear or jamming.

[0088] To achieve the rapid intake and slow exhaust functions of the rodless chamber, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the flow-limiting check valve 37 includes a valve body 371, an end cap 372, a dustproof net 373, a valve plate 374, a movable rod 375, a limit ring 376, and a compression spring 377.

[0089] The valve body 371 is hollow inside, with one end installed at the air port 38 on the lower side of the cylinder 31 and communicating with the rodless chamber. An end cap 372 is fixedly installed on the outer end of the valve body 371. The end cap 372 is also hollow, and its internal channel communicates with the valve body 371. A dustproof mesh 373 is clamped and installed between the end cap 372 and the valve body 371 to prevent external dust from entering the interior of the valve body and the rodless chamber of the cylinder 31.

[0090] A valve plate 374 is located inside the valve body 371 near its outer end. The valve plate 374 is used to partially seal the outer port of the valve body 371. One end of the valve plate 374 is fixedly connected to a movable rod 375, which extends axially inward along the valve body 371 and passes through a limiting ring 376. The limiting ring 376 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the valve body 371. The limiting ring 376 and the valve plate 374 are elastically connected by a compression spring 377, which is sleeved on the outside of the movable rod 375 and applies an elastic thrust to the valve plate 374 toward the port of the valve body 371.

[0091] The valve plate 374 further includes a support plate 3741, a rubber block 3742, and a micro-hole 3743. One end of the support plate 3741 is embedded and fixedly fitted with the rubber block 3742, and the other end of the support plate 3741 is fixedly connected to the movable rod 375. Corresponding micro-holes 3743 are formed on the support plate 3741 and the rubber block 3742, and these micro-holes 3743 constitute the throttling and exhaust passage of the flow-limiting check valve 37 in the closed state.

[0092] When the shock absorber 3 is stretched and the movable block 34 moves upward, the volume of the rodless chamber of the cylinder 31 increases, creating a negative pressure inside the chamber. Under the action of the pressure difference, external air enters the valve body 371 through the dustproof net 373 and pushes the valve plate 374 to move outward against the elastic force of the compression spring 377, causing the valve plate 374 to separate from the port of the valve body 371. External air can then quickly enter the rodless chamber through the port of the valve body 371 and the air port 38 to complete the air replenishment. The resistance encountered during the stretching process is relatively small.

[0093] When the damping spring 310 pushes the movable block 34 downward to reset, the volume of the rodless chamber of the cylinder 31 decreases, and the air inside the chamber is compressed. At this time, the elastic force of the compression spring 377 and the pressure of the compressed air in the rodless chamber work together on the valve plate 374, pushing the rubber block 3742 of the valve plate 374 to fit tightly against the port of the valve body 371, leaving only the micro-hole 3743 as an exhaust channel. The compressed air can only enter the annular chamber 3511 of the annular airbag 351 through the air passage 341 at the bottom of the movable block 34 and the connecting tube 3512, causing the annular airbag 351 to inflate, and at the same time slowly discharged to the outside through the micro-hole 3743. After the annular airbag 351 inflates, it forces the damping block assembly 353 to expand radially, increasing the damping and achieving efficient energy consumption and smooth reset during the reset process.

[0094] This three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with anti-pull-out function is installed between the upper and lower components that require seismic isolation. The fixed seat 1 is fixed to the lower component, and the connecting plate 8 is fixed to the upper component. When the upper component vibrates vertically or horizontally, the vibration frame 2 generates a corresponding displacement relative to the fixed seat 1, and achieves three-dimensional seismic isolation and anti-pull-out function through the array of dampers 3 and the limiting buffer structure. The specific working process is as follows.

[0095] When the upper component drives the vibrating frame 2 to move vertically upward, the vibrating frame 2 pulls the piston rod 39 upward through the ball joint 32, causing the movable block 34 to move upward within the cylinder 31. At this time, the damping spring 310 is compressed and stores energy, and the volume of the rodless chamber at the bottom of the cylinder 31 increases, creating a negative pressure. External air enters the valve body 371 through the dustproof net 373, pushing the valve plate 374 to overcome the elastic force of the compression spring 377, causing the valve plate 374 to separate from the port of the valve body 371. Air then quickly enters the rodless chamber through the air port 38 to replenish the air, effectively reducing the resistance during the stretching process and allowing the support to flexibly adapt to upward displacement.

[0096] When the upper component drives the vibrating frame 2 to move vertically downward, the vibrating frame 2 pushes the piston rod 39 downward through the ball joint 32, causing the movable block 34 to move downward. The volume of the rodless chamber at the bottom of the cylinder 31 decreases, and the air inside the chamber is compressed. Due to the combined action of the elastic force of the compression spring 377 and the air pressure, the rubber block 3742 of the valve plate 374 is tightly fitted to the port of the valve body 371, and the air cannot be discharged quickly. It can only be discharged slowly through the micro-holes 3743 opened on the support plate 3741 and the rubber block 3742, forming a slow exhaust effect. Simultaneously, the compressed air in the rodless cavity enters the annular chamber 3511 of the annular airbag 351 through the air passage 341 and connecting tube 3512 at the bottom of the movable block 34. This forces the annular airbag 351 to expand radially, thereby overcoming the clamping force of the clamping ring 354 and pushing multiple damping block assemblies 353 radially outward. This significantly increases the contact pressure between the damping blocks 3532 and the inner wall of the cylinder 31, resulting in a sharp increase in frictional damping force. This stage utilizes air pressure to drive damping enhancement, converting the vertically downward impact energy into frictional heat energy for dissipation, thus greatly improving the energy dissipation and vibration reduction effect.

[0097] When the upper component vibrates horizontally, the vibrating frame 2 shifts horizontally relative to the fixed base 1. The upper and lower ends of the shock absorber 3 are adaptively tilted via ball joint 1 32 and ball joint 2 33, respectively, and the horizontal displacement of the vibrating frame 2 is converted into the axial tensile or compressive component of the shock absorber 3. Regardless of whether the shock absorber 3 is under tension or compression, its internal damping spring 310 and damping ring assembly 35 operate according to the above mechanism: rapid air intake and elastic energy storage during tension, and slow air exhaust, enhanced damping and energy dissipation during compression. Since multiple shock absorbers 3 are arranged in a circumferential array between the bottom of the vibrating frame 2 and the fixed base 1, any horizontal displacement in any direction can be generated by the corresponding shock absorber 3 with an elastic restoring force and damping force opposite to the direction of displacement, achieving effective vibration isolation for horizontal vibrations in all directions, and driving the vibrating frame 2 to reset after vibration ends, preventing residual horizontal displacement.

[0098] When the external vibration excitation weakens or stops, the elastic potential energy stored in the damping spring 310 begins to be released. The damping spring 310 pushes the movable block 34 downward, and the air in the rodless cavity is compressed. As mentioned earlier, the air enters the annular airbag 351 through the air passage 341 and expands. The damping block assembly 353 expands radially to generate high damping. At the same time, the air is slowly discharged through the micro-hole 3743, making the reset movement smooth and gentle. The whole process realizes the asymmetric damping characteristics of "easy stretching and slow reset", which can effectively avoid secondary oscillations and impacts during the reset process.

[0099] Regarding vertical limit displacement control, when the upward movement of the vibrating frame 2 is too large, the annular protrusion in the middle of the inner wall of the fixed seat 1 and the protruding edge 4 block each other, limiting the maximum upward stroke of the vibrating frame 2, thus reliably preventing the vibrating frame 2 from being pulled out of the fixed seat 1 and achieving the anti-pull-out function. When the downward movement of the vibrating frame 2 is too large, the buffer pad 5 at the bottom end of the protruding edge 4 is compressed and deformed and eventually fits into the fixed seat 1, providing vertical downward limit buffering. In the horizontal direction, the buffer pad 6 fixed to the inner wall of the annular protrusion is subjected to compression and shearing with the horizontal displacement of the vibrating frame 2, providing both horizontal buffering and damping, and also playing an auxiliary centering and limiting role, avoiding rigid collision between the vibrating frame 2 and the fixed seat 1. The bellows 9, fitted on the outside of the connecting column 7, expands or deforms with the movement of the connecting column 7 during vibration, always keeping the internal space of the fixed seat 1 sealed, preventing external debris from entering and affecting the normal operation of internal components such as the shock absorber 3.

[0100] Through the aforementioned collaborative working mechanism, the three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device of this embodiment can simultaneously achieve composite seismic isolation in both vertical and horizontal directions, and has reliable pull-out resistance and self-resetting capability.

[0101] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with pull-out resistance, comprising a fixed base (1) and a vibrating frame (2) movably disposed within the fixed base (1), wherein a plurality of vertically arranged dampers (3) are arranged in a circumferential array between the bottom end face of the vibrating frame (2) and the fixed base (1), characterized in that: The shock absorber (3) includes a cylinder (31), a movable block (34) disposed in the cylinder (31), and a piston rod (39) connected to the movable block (34). The movable block (34) is provided with a damping ring assembly (35). A flow-limiting check valve (37) is installed on the cylinder (31). The flow-limiting check valve (37) is configured to allow gas to enter the rodless chamber of the cylinder (31) quickly while restricting the gas from being discharged quickly, so that the damping of the shock absorber (3) during the extension stroke is less than the damping during the reset stroke. The upper end of each shock absorber (3) is hinged to the vibration frame (2) through ball joint one (32), and the lower end is hinged to the fixed seat (1) through ball joint two (33), so that when the vibration frame (2) produces horizontal displacement, the shock absorber (3) adaptively tilts and is stretched, and after the vibration stops, the shock absorber (3) drives the vibration frame (2) to reset.

2. The three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with pull-out resistance function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable block (34) divides the inner cavity of the cylinder (31) into a rodless cavity and a rod cavity. One end of the piston rod (39) is fixedly connected to the movable block (34), and the other end passes through the top of the cylinder (31) and is connected to the ball joint (32). A shock-absorbing spring (310) is connected between the movable block (34) and the top wall of the cylinder (31), and the shock-absorbing spring (310) is sleeved on the outside of the piston rod (39). A sealing ring (36) is also fitted on the outer wall of the movable block (34), and the sealing ring (36) is sealed to the inner wall of the cylinder (31). The flow-limiting one-way valve (37) is installed at the air port (38) where the cylinder (31) communicates with the rodless cavity.

3. The three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with anti-pull-out function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The damping ring assembly (35) includes: An annular airbag (351) is fitted onto the outer wall of the movable block (34), and an annular chamber (3511) is provided inside it. Multiple damping block assemblies (353) are arranged in a circumferential array along the annular airbag (351). The inner side of each damping block assembly (353) is in contact with the outer wall of the annular airbag (351), and the outer side is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the cylinder (31). The tightening ring (354) is elastic and is fitted on the outside of multiple damping block assemblies (353) to apply a radially inward tightening force to the damping block assemblies (353); An air passage (341) is provided inside the movable block (34). The air passage (341) connects the rodless cavity and the annular cavity (3511). During the reset stroke, the compressed gas in the rodless cavity enters the annular cavity (3511) through the air passage (341), forcing the annular airbag (351) to expand, thereby pushing the damping block assembly (353) to move radially outward against the tightening force of the tightening ring (354).

4. The three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with pull-out resistance function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The annular airbag (351) is provided with positioning rings (352) on both sides of the axial direction. The positioning rings (352) are fixedly fitted on the outer wall of the movable block (34) and are used to position the annular airbag (351) axially.

5. The three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with anti-pull-out function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The damping block assembly (353) includes: The support (3531) has its inner side in contact with the outer wall of the annular airbag (351); The damping block (3532) is embedded on the outside of the support (3531), and the outer arc surface of the damping block (3532) slides in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder (31); The damping block (3532) has a groove (3533) that matches the tightening ring (354), and the tightening ring (354) is embedded in the groove (3533); The support (3531) is fixed with a limiting rod (3534) on the side near the annular airbag (351), and the limiting rod (3534) slides with the positioning ring (352).

6. The three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with anti-pull-out function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner wall of the annular airbag (351) is provided with a connecting tube (3512), which is connected to the annular chamber (3511) and sealed to the airway (341) in the movable block (34).

7. The three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with pull-out resistance function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow-limiting check valve (37) includes: The valve body (371) is installed at the air port (38) and communicates with the rodless chamber; End cap (372) is fixed to the outer end of valve body (371); A dustproof net (373) is clamped between the end cap (372) and the valve body (371); The valve plate (374) is movably disposed within the valve body (371); The movable rod (375) is fixedly connected at one end to the valve plate (374); The limiting ring (376) is fixed to the inner wall of the valve body (371), and the movable rod (375) passes through the limiting ring (376). A compression spring (377) is sleeved on the outside of the movable rod (375), with its two ends abutting against the limiting ring (376) and the valve plate (374) respectively.

8. The three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with pull-out resistance function according to claim 7, characterized in that, The valve plate (374) includes a support plate (3741) and a rubber block (3742) embedded at one end of the support plate (3741). The support plate (3741) and the rubber block (3742) are provided with micro holes (3743).

9. The three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with pull-out resistance function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the outer wall of the vibration frame (2) is provided with a protruding edge (4), and the bottom end face of the protruding edge (4) is provided with a buffer pad (5); the inner wall of the fixed seat (1) is provided with a ring-shaped protrusion, and the inner wall of the ring-shaped protrusion is fixed with a buffer pad (6), and the inner wall of the buffer pad (6) is in contact with the outer wall of the vibration frame (2); the ring-shaped protrusion and the protruding edge (4) cooperate to limit the upward movement limit of the vibration frame (2).

10. The three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing device with pull-out resistance function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the vibration frame (2) is connected to the connecting plate (8) via a connecting column (7); a corrugated pipe (9) is fitted on the outside of the connecting column (7), and the two ends of the corrugated pipe (9) are respectively sealed to the connecting column (7) and the fixed seat (1).

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