Electrical explosion mining simulation method based on 3D printing ore rock sample

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of engineering simulation, and specifically discloses an electric explosion mining simulation method based on a 3D printing ore rock sample. The method uses 3D printing to prepare an ore rock sample with a through hole and a matched mining body, and places multiple groups of independent conductive wires and explosion wires in the mining body. After a loading subsystem applies stress to the assembled ore rock sample, a pulse discharge subsystem makes each explosion wire electrically explode in a predetermined order, so that the mining body successively breaks, crushes or attenuates in the specified area, to simulate the gradual unloading, stress redistribution and surrounding rock damage evolution in the process of graded mining of the ore body or the roadway. The application takes advantage of 3D printing in complex geometry forming, strength adjustment, internal channel presetting and model repeated preparation, realizes the controllable conversion of the mining area from the cooperative bearing state to the hollow or low bearing state under the loaded state, and can be used for indoor simulation research on the mining unloading disturbance and surrounding rock instability mechanism of underground engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of engineering simulation technology, specifically relating to a method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D printed rock samples. Background Technology

[0002] During mining operations, the extraction of ore bodies and the excavation of tunnels gradually remove the previously continuously bearing ore and rock materials, transforming the mining area from a bearing state to a voided or low-bearing state. This leads to unloading of the surrounding rock, stress redistribution, deformation concentration, and crack propagation. Under high ground stress environments, the aforementioned mining unloading disturbances can also induce engineering disasters such as rock relaxation, spalling, collapse, rock bursts, and cavern instability. Therefore, under indoor experimental conditions, reasonably simulating the mechanical process of "cooperative bearing before mining – local failure during mining – unloading disturbance after mining" during ore mining is an important foundation for studying the disturbance mechanism, surrounding rock damage evolution, and stability control methods in deep ore mining.

[0003] Existing indoor mining unloading simulation methods mainly include pre-drilled hole tests, mechanical drilling or cutting mining tests, external boundary unloading tests, and blasting disturbance tests. Among these, pre-drilled hole tests typically create voids before loading, meaning the specimen is in a non-intact load-bearing state from the initial loading stage, making it difficult to reflect the instantaneous unloading effect caused by the material in the mining area initially participating in the load-bearing process and subsequently being removed or failing during actual mining. While mechanical drilling or cutting methods can create voids in the specimen, they are difficult to implement under loading conditions and are easily limited by loading space, tool size, equipment rigidity, and operational safety. Furthermore, the mechanical contact process may introduce additional microcracks, local crushing, edge spalling, or thermal damage near the hole wall, making it difficult to distinguish between mining disturbance effects and machining damage. External boundary unloading tests mainly simulate unloading by reducing confining pressure, lateral pressure, or boundary constraints, altering the external stress conditions of the specimen, and are difficult to accurately reflect the local free surfaces formed after the removal of material from the internal mining area and the stress redistribution characteristics around the hole. While traditional blasting disturbance tests can generate dynamic impacts, the charge amount and effective range are difficult to control precisely, have high safety requirements, poor repeatability, and are not easily used in conjunction with multi-axis loading and multi-source monitoring systems.

[0004] Electro-explosion technology using metal wires can melt and vaporize a metal wire in a short time using pulsed current, generating an impact effect. It features controllable triggering time, adjustable input energy, miniaturized devices, and easy synchronous monitoring, providing a relatively controllable method for triggering local failures in indoor mining disturbance simulations. However, directly embedding the metal wire inside a intact ore sample and relying on electro-explosion to create a cavity can lead to two problems: first, insufficient electro-explosion energy can only create localized cracks or small-scale damage near the metal wire, failing to achieve effective mining zone failure; second, excessively high electro-explosion energy can transmit the impact to the surrounding rock, causing overall sample cracking or non-target damage, making it difficult to distinguish between mining zone failure and surrounding rock response. Therefore, simply relying on electro-explosion of metal wires to directly destroy intact ore samples is insufficient for stably and repeatedly simulating the unloading process during ore mining.

[0005] With the development of 3D printing technology and rock-like material forming technology, the geometry, internal structure, and mechanical properties of similar mineral and rock models can be pre-designed during the modeling stage and adjusted through printing materials, binder dosage, infill rate, porosity, printing path, printing direction, layer thickness, and post-processing methods. Compared with traditional casting, drilling, or cutting methods, 3D printing can more easily prepare complex holes, irregular mining contours, internal channels, reserved grooves, and multi-level partitioned structures, and can improve the consistency and repeatability of model preparation. Especially for mining bodies, 3D printing can not only achieve precise matching of its shape with the through holes of the mineral and rock specimen, but also adjust its strength, elastic modulus, and failure triggering conditions, so that it participates in load transfer during the loading stage, and preferentially undergoes local fracture, crushing, or load-bearing capacity attenuation after electrical explosion triggering. Therefore, 3D printed mining bodies provide a necessary foundation for realizing the indoor simulation process of "cooperative load-bearing before mining, controlled failure during mining, and unloading response after mining".

[0006] However, existing technologies lack a method for simulating unloading disturbances in ore mining that uses a 3D-printed adjustable-strength mining body as its core and combines local electrical explosion triggering with multi-axis loading monitoring. Existing methods typically fail to address the following issues simultaneously: first, it is difficult to pre-control the geometry, internal structure, and mechanical properties of the mining body during the model-making process; second, it is difficult to ensure that the mining body and the ore specimen stably and collaboratively bear loads before the electrical explosion is triggered; third, it is difficult to functionally distinguish between current transmission components and local electrical explosion triggering components, resulting in an unclear scope of the electrical explosion; and fourth, it is difficult to set multiple sets of local failure triggering units at different locations within the mining body and simulate graded mining or step-by-step unloading in a predetermined order.

[0007] Especially for engineering processes such as segmented mining of ore bodies, tunnel face advancement, local enlargement, or zoned unloading, mining disturbances often exhibit significant spatial zoning and temporal sequence. If the experimental method can only simulate a one-time overall failure, it is difficult to simulate the differences in stress adjustment, damage accumulation, and crack propagation between different mining stages. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method based on 3D-printed ore specimens and adjustable strength mining bodies, utilizing conductive wires to transmit pulsed currents, using explosive wires to induce local electrical explosions at designated locations, and sequentially triggering multiple sets of explosive wires to simulate staged mining unloading disturbances. This method aims to improve the controllability, repeatability, and engineering similarity of indoor ore mining unloading tests. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing indoor ore and rock mining unloading disturbance simulation methods, such as the inability of pre-fabricated holes to reflect the pre-mining collaborative load-bearing state, the susceptibility of mechanical mining to introducing additional damage, the difficulty in reflecting the internal material removal effect during boundary unloading, the insufficient safety and controllability of traditional blasting tests, and the difficulty in stably controlling the effective range when directly implementing wire electro-explosion in intact ore and rock samples, this invention proposes an electro-explosion mining simulation method based on 3D-printed ore and rock samples. This method uses 3D-printed ore and rock specimens and 3D-printed adjustable-strength mining bodies as its foundation. By placing conductive wires and short-sectioned explosive wires inside the mining body, the mining body and the ore and rock specimens share the load during the loading phase. After reaching a preset stress state, the short-sectioned explosive wires trigger local electro-explosion, causing the mining body to fail. This simulates the unloading disturbance, stress redistribution, and damage and fracture evolution process caused by material removal or reduced load-bearing capacity in underground mining areas.

[0009] The present invention provides a simulation method for electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples, which is achieved through the following steps: model construction, 3D printing of specimens, pre-embedding of functional units, specimen assembly, stress loading, unloading disturbance simulation, and data analysis. The specific steps are as follows: A. Model Construction: Based on the geometric shape of the underground mining area to be simulated and the experimental boundary conditions, three-dimensional models of the ore and rock specimens with through holes and the mining body matching the configuration of the through holes are constructed respectively. B. 3D printing of specimens: The three-dimensional models of the ore specimens and the mining body are imported into the 3D printing control system. Based on the surrounding rock structure of the area to be simulated, the mechanical properties of the ore body or mining area materials, and the simulation conditions of mining unloading disturbance, the 3D printing process parameters of the ore specimens and the mining body are configured respectively, and the ore specimens and the mining body are prepared according to the configured 3D printing process parameters. C. Pre-embedded functional units: After the mining body is prepared by 3D printing, at least one set of metal wire units is embedded in the reserved channels and installation positions within the mining body. The metal wire unit includes conductive wires and explosive wires, and the conductive wires and explosive wires are electrically connected. D. Sample assembly: The mining body is embedded in the through hole of the ore specimen, so that the outer wall of the mining body is in direct contact with the inner wall of the through hole, or the outer wall of the mining body is bonded together with a thin layer of interface material to form an integrated ore specimen. E. Stress Loading: The rock sample is installed at the loading station of the loading subsystem, and the external terminal of the conductive wire of the mining body is electrically connected to the pulse discharge subsystem; a monitoring subsystem is set up around the loading subsystem, and the monitoring subsystem is connected to the loading subsystem and the pulse discharge subsystem for synchronous signal connection; then, axial pressure, lateral pressure or confining pressure is applied to the rock sample through the loading subsystem, so that the rock sample and the mining body reach the preset initial stress state and maintain a constant load; F. Unloading Disturbance Simulation: When the rock sample reaches the preset initial stress state and the load is kept constant, the control pulse discharge subsystem outputs a pulse current with preset parameters to the explosion wire through the conductive wire, triggering the explosion wire to cause an electrical explosion, so as to induce the mining body to crack, crush or reduce the overall bearing capacity at the preset position, so that the through hole of the rock sample changes from a solid bearing state to a hollow state or a low bearing filling state, thereby simulating the process of unloading, stress redistribution and damage and fracture evolution of the surrounding rock caused by the removal of materials and the reduction of bearing capacity in the mining area during underground engineering mining. G. Data Analysis: Multi-source monitoring data of the test process in step F is collected synchronously by the monitoring subsystem. The multi-source monitoring data includes at least one of the following: load, specimen displacement, discharge voltage, discharge current, crushing process of the mining body, deformation field around the hole, crack propagation process, and acoustic emission signal. Then, based on the collected multi-source monitoring data, the mechanical response law of the surrounding rock in the underground engineering mining area under the mining unloading disturbance is quantitatively analyzed.

[0010] Furthermore, in step C, a set of resistance monitoring electrodes is buried inside the mining body or at least at a reserved hole at one end. The resistance monitoring electrodes are electrically connected to the resistance monitor, and the resistance monitor is connected to the monitoring subsystem signal. In step G, the monitoring subsystem collects the changes in resistance or impedance of the mining body before and after the electrical explosion through resistance monitoring electrodes, and determines whether the mining body has undergone effective rupture, crushing, or bearing capacity reduction based on the characteristics of the resistance or impedance changes.

[0011] Furthermore, the monitoring subsystem calculates electrical failure indicators based on changes in resistance or impedance before and after the electrical explosion. D e If electrical failure indicators D e If the preset threshold is exceeded, it is determined that the mining body after the electric explosion has undergone effective fracturing, crushing, or reduced load-bearing capacity. Among them, electrical failure indicators D e for: , In the formula: R b The resistance or impedance of the mining body before the electrical explosion. R a The resistance or impedance of the mining body after an electrical explosion.

[0012] Furthermore, in step F, the broken debris generated after the mining body fails due to electrical explosion is left inside the through hole to simulate the low-bearing filling condition of the broken rock mass after underground mining; or the broken debris is discharged outward through the end of the through hole of the ore sample or a preset chip removal channel to simulate the unloading condition of a pure cavity after the material in the mining area is completely removed.

[0013] Furthermore, the through holes and chip removal channels of the ore specimen, as well as the outer contour of the mining body, the conductive wire laying channel, the explosive wire installation position, and the reserved hole position of the resistance monitoring electrode are all pre-parameterized in the three-dimensional model in step A, and are simultaneously integrally formed or pre-formed during the 3D printing process; in step C, after the mining body is prepared by 3D printing, the conductive wire and the explosive wire are respectively placed into the reserved conductive wire laying channel and the explosive wire installation position.

[0014] Furthermore, the shape of the ore specimen is a cube, cuboid, or plate; the cross-section of the through hole is circular, elliptical, arched, or polygonal; the shape of the mining body matches the cross-sectional shape and size of the through hole of the corresponding ore specimen; the elastic modulus of the mining body is not higher than the main elastic modulus of the ore specimen.

[0015] Furthermore, the conductive wire is a copper conductor; the explosive wire is a zinc wire, nickel-chromium alloy wire, or other metal wire segment that can rapidly melt, vaporize, or electrically explode under the action of pulse current; the length of the explosive wire is less than the length of the conductive wire, and the explosive wire is oriented in the preset stress disturbance failure area of ​​the mining body.

[0016] Furthermore, in step C, at least two sets of electrically isolated metal wire units are pre-embedded inside the mining body; the explosive wires of each set of metal wire units are respectively arranged in different partition positions of the mining body, and each set of metal wire units is electrically connected to the branch control unit of the pulse discharge subsystem through the corresponding conductive wires. Each conductive wire has an insulating layer on its surface or is sleeved in an insulating sleeve. During the electrical explosion triggering stage, the explosive wires of each group of metal wire units are triggered step by step according to a preset timing sequence, fixed time interval, or real-time feedback signal from the monitoring subsystem, simulating the dynamic process of graded mining or step-by-step unloading in underground engineering.

[0017] Furthermore, the explosive wires of the multiple sets of metal wire units of the present invention are arranged along at least one of the following directions: axial direction, radial direction, circumferential direction, eccentric region, and independent zone of the mining body, so as to simulate the engineering processes of face-advancing mining, segmented mining, eccentric mining, circumferential excavation of roadways, or zoned unloading, respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, the thin-layer interface material is at least one of silicone grease, paraffin wax, cement mortar, and gypsum, used to adjust the contact stiffness, friction coefficient, and stress transfer efficiency between the mining body and the ore specimen.

[0019] Furthermore, the loading subsystem is any one of a single-axis loading system, a biaxial planar loading system, a conventional triaxial loading system, or a true triaxial loading system; the preset stress state in step E is a single-axis compression state, a biaxial compression state, a conventional triaxial compression state, or a true triaxial compression state.

[0020] Furthermore, the monitoring subsystem includes at least one of the following: a data acquisition module, a digital image correlation monitoring device connected to the data acquisition module, a high-speed camera, an acoustic emission sensor, a strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, and a discharge parameter acquisition device; the data acquisition module is synchronously connected to the loading subsystem and the pulse discharge subsystem, respectively.

[0021] Furthermore, in step G, the monitoring subsystem collects the discharge voltage during the electrical explosion process of the pre-embedded metal wire unit in real time. U (t) and discharge current I (t), and calculate the instantaneous discharge power using the following formula. P (t), total discharge energy E d and the equivalent resistance of the discharge circuit R (t): , , , In the formula: T This represents the total duration of a single discharge. t This refers to any instant during the electrical explosion discharge process; Then, by combining the peak current, peak voltage, and abrupt change in the equivalent resistance of the circuit with the instantaneous discharge power, the energy release rate of the electric explosion process is characterized, which is used to determine the intensity level of the vaporization of the explosive wire and the plasma generation stage, thereby judging the effect of the electric explosion.

[0022] Furthermore, in step F, the pulse discharge parameters of the pulse discharge subsystem and / or the body parameters of the explosive wire are adjusted to quantitatively control the degree of fragmentation of the mining body and the unloading disturbance intensity of the surrounding rock around the penetration hole. The pulse discharge parameters include at least one of the following: discharge voltage level, energy storage capacitor value, number of repeated discharges, and trigger time interval; the body parameters of the explosive wire include at least one of the following: wire material, diameter, length, and spatial layout position.

[0023] Furthermore, an insulating gasket is provided between the loading head of the loading subsystem and the end face of the mineral specimen. The insulating gasket has the ability to transmit axial force and at the same time blocks the electrical connection between the loading head and the mineral specimen.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention is based on the preparation of mineral and rock specimens and mining bodies by 3D printing. It introduces the advantages of 3D printing in complex geometric shaping, internal structure pre-setting, strength adjustment and repeated preparation into the simulation test of unloading disturbance in mineral and rock mining. Through 3D printing, through holes with different cross-sectional shapes can be formed simultaneously in the mineral and rock specimens. Conductive wire channels, short-cut explosive wire installation positions, electrode holes and chip removal channels are reserved in the mining body. This can reduce the additional damage caused by subsequent machining and improve the accuracy of the sample results and the repeatability of the test.

[0025] 2. This invention controls the strength, elastic modulus, failure triggering conditions, and load-bearing failure characteristics of the mining body by adjusting the amount of 3D printing materials, binder, filling rate, porosity, printing path, printing direction, layer thickness, and post-processing methods. This allows the mining body to cooperate with the rock specimen to bear the load before the electric explosion is triggered, and to preferentially experience local failure after the electric explosion is triggered. This enables the mining area to be controlled to change from a load-bearing and filled state to a void state or a low load-bearing state under load, and completely solves the shortcomings of direct electric explosion, which easily causes overall instability of the specimen and additional damage to the surrounding rock.

[0026] 3. This invention divides the metal wire unit into conductive wires and truncated explosive wires. The conductive wires are mainly responsible for pulse current transmission, while the truncated explosive wires are mainly responsible for triggering local electrical explosions. Moreover, the truncated explosive wires are only placed at the location where the simulated mining failure is to be achieved, which can concentrate the electrical explosion effect on the target area of ​​the mining body, avoiding non-target damage to the surrounding rock body caused by direct electrical explosion in the intact ore sample, and improving the controllability and safety of electrical explosion unloading simulation.

[0027] 4. This invention can set multiple sets of independent conductive wires and short explosive wires at different locations in the mining body, and achieve local failures at different locations and times through branch control and sequential triggering. This can simulate the graded mining process such as segmented mining of ore body, tunnel face advancement, local enlargement, eccentric mining or zoned unloading. Moreover, compared with the one-time overall failure method, this invention can better reflect the spatial zoning, temporal sequence and damage accumulation effect in the actual mining process.

[0028] 5. This invention, through the synchronous linkage of the loading subsystem, pulse discharge subsystem, and monitoring subsystem, can simultaneously acquire multi-source data such as load, displacement, discharge parameters, perimeter deformation field, crack propagation process, acoustic emission response, and resistance change under uniaxial, biaxial, conventional triaxial, or true triaxial stress conditions. This enables synchronous monitoring of the entire process of the mining body failure instant and subsequent unloading response of the surrounding rock, providing a controllable, repeatable, and quantifiable indoor experimental method for studying the disturbance, stress redistribution, crack evolution, and instability mechanism of deep mining.

[0029] In summary, this invention, through an innovative combination of technologies including "3D printing of ore specimens—3D printing of adjustable-strength mining bodies—conductive wire transmission—local triggering by short-section explosive wires—graded mining with multiple sets of explosive wires," enables the mining body to participate in overall load-bearing during the loading stage and to undergo local failure at specified locations and in a predetermined stress state. This allows for the simulation of unloading disturbances, stress redistribution, and damage and fracture evolution caused by material removal or reduced load-bearing capacity during ore mining. It is applicable to indoor mechanical simulation tests for underground engineering projects such as tunnels, mine roadways, deep caverns, and ore body mining. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric explosion mining simulation method based on 3D printed rock samples according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of the mining body of the present invention; In the figure: 1-Rock specimen, 2-Mining body, 3-Metal wire unit, 31-Conductive wire, 32-Explosion wire, 4-Loading subsystem, 41-Loading frame, 42-Vertical loading cylinder, 43-Horizontal loading cylinder, 44-Loading head, 45-Pad plate, 46-Loading control unit, 5-Pulse discharge subsystem, 61-High-speed camera, 62-Acoustic emission sensor, 63-Data acquisition module, 7-Thin-layer interface material, 8-Sealing ring, 12-Resistance monitor, 13-Insulating gasket. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this does not limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention relates to a method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples. The process includes model building, 3D printing of specimens, pre-embedding of functional units, specimen assembly, stress loading, unloading disturbance simulation, and data analysis. The specific steps are as follows: A. Model Construction: Based on the geometric shape and experimental boundary conditions of the underground mining area to be simulated, three-dimensional models of the ore and rock specimen 1 with through holes and the mining body 2 matching the configuration of the through holes are constructed respectively. B. 3D printing of specimens: The three-dimensional models of ore specimen 1 and mining body 2 are imported into the 3D printing control system. Based on the surrounding rock structure of the area to be simulated, the mechanical properties of the ore body or mining area material and the simulation conditions of mining unloading disturbance, the 3D printing process parameters of ore specimen 1 and mining body 2 are configured respectively, and ore specimen 1 and mining body 2 are prepared according to the configured 3D printing process parameters. C. Pre-embedded functional units: After the mining body 2 is prepared by 3D printing, at least one set of metal wire units 3 is embedded in the reserved channel and installation position in the mining body 2. The metal wire unit 3 includes a conductive wire 31 and an explosive wire 32, and the conductive wire 31 and the explosive wire 32 are electrically connected. D. Sample assembly: The mining body 2 is embedded in the through hole of the ore specimen 1, so that the outer wall of the mining body 2 is in direct contact with the inner wall of the through hole or the outer wall of the mining body 2 is bonded together with a thin layer of interface material 7 to form an integrated ore specimen. E. Stress Loading: The rock sample is installed at the loading position of the loading subsystem 4, and the external end of the conductive wire 31 of the mining body 2 is electrically connected to the pulse discharge subsystem 5; a monitoring subsystem is set up around the loading subsystem 4, and the monitoring subsystem is synchronously connected to the loading subsystem 4 and the pulse discharge subsystem 5 respectively; then, axial pressure, lateral pressure or confining pressure is applied to the rock sample through the loading subsystem 4, so that the rock sample 1 and the mining body 2 reach the preset initial stress state and maintain a constant load, thereby simulating the different in-situ stress environments of the rock mass before underground engineering mining; F. Unloading Disturbance Simulation: When the rock sample reaches the preset initial stress state and the load is kept constant, the pulse discharge subsystem 5 is controlled to output a pulse current with preset parameters to the explosion wire 32 through the conductive wire 31, triggering the explosion wire 32 to cause an electrical explosion, generating transient high temperature, high pressure and impact, so as to induce the mining body 2 to crack, crush or reduce the overall bearing capacity at the preset position, so that the through hole of the rock sample 1 changes from a solid bearing state to a void state or a low bearing filling state, thereby simulating the unloading, stress redistribution and damage and fracture evolution process of the surrounding rock caused by the removal of materials and the reduction of bearing capacity in the mining area during the underground engineering mining process; G. Data Analysis: Multi-source monitoring data of the test process in step F is collected synchronously by the monitoring subsystem. The multi-source monitoring data includes at least one of the following: load, specimen displacement, discharge voltage, discharge current, crushing process of mining body 2, deformation field around the hole, crack propagation process, and acoustic emission signal. Then, based on the collected multi-source monitoring data, the mechanical response law of the surrounding rock in the underground engineering mining area under the mining unloading disturbance is quantitatively analyzed.

[0033] The 3D printing process parameters in step B include at least one of the following: powder material type and gradation, binder type, binder concentration, binder injection amount, powder layer thickness, molding density, porosity, injection path, printing direction, reserved pore structure, local weakening structure, and post-processing method. By changing the powder material type and gradation, the skeleton composition, particle contact state, and pore structure of the printed body are adjusted; by changing the binder type, binder concentration, and binder injection amount, the interparticle bonding strength and overall strength are adjusted; by changing the powder layer thickness and molding density, the interlayer bonding state, density, and deformation characteristics of the printed body are adjusted; by changing the porosity, reserved pore structure, and local weakening structure, the failure initiation position, failure propagation range, and load-bearing capacity attenuation mode of the mining body 2 are adjusted; by changing the injection path and printing direction, the relative relationship between the printing layer and the loading direction is adjusted, thereby controlling the anisotropic characteristics and preferential crack propagation direction of the printed body; by changing the post-processing methods such as curing, baking, resin impregnation, or surface treatment, the strength, elastic modulus, and deformation characteristics of the printed body are further adjusted.

[0034] In step B, during the configuration of printing process parameters, the target strength, target elastic modulus, and target deformation characteristics of the rock specimen 1 and the mining body 2 are determined according to mechanical similarity requirements. Uniaxial compression, Brazilian splitting, three-point bending, or other mechanical tests are conducted using pre-printed standard samples. Based on the test results, the powder material and gradation, binder injection amount, powder layer thickness, molding density, porosity, printing direction, and post-processing method are calibrated. When the strength or elastic modulus of the printed body is higher than the target value, the binder injection amount or binder concentration is reduced, the molding density is reduced, the porosity is increased, the proportion of locally weakened structures is increased, or the degree of post-processing reinforcement is weakened. When the strength or elastic modulus of the printed body is lower than the target value, the binder injection amount or binder concentration is increased, the molding density is increased, the porosity is reduced, the proportion of locally weakened structures is decreased, or the degree of post-processing curing is enhanced, so that the rock specimen 1 meets the requirements of surrounding rock similarity simulation, and the bearing capacity, strength, elastic modulus, and failure triggering conditions of the mining body 2 match the preset mining unloading disturbance simulation conditions.

[0035] In step B, the through hole of the rock specimen 1, the outer contour of the mining body 2, the arrangement channel of the conductive wire 31, the installation position of the explosive wire 32, the hole position of the resistance monitoring electrode and / or the chip removal channel are pre-designed in the three-dimensional model and simultaneously formed or reserved for forming during the 3D printing process, so that the mining body 2 can match the shape of the through hole and cooperate with the rock specimen 1 to bear the load before the electric explosion is triggered.

[0036] The conductive wire 31 is used to connect the pulse discharge subsystem 5 and transmit pulse current. The explosive wire 32 is a short metal wire segment, which is set in the preset failure trigger area of ​​the mining body 2. It is used to cause an electrical explosion under the action of pulse current and induce local failure of the mining body 2. After the metal wire unit 3 is laid out, the conductive wire 31 arrangement channel, the explosive wire 32 installation position and the lead hole are locally backfilled, sealed or insulated to make the metal wire unit 3 stably fixed inside the mining body 2 and prevent non-target discharge, short circuit or current leakage.

[0037] In another embodiment, printing is paused when the mining body 2 reaches the location of the conductive wire 31 arrangement channel or the explosive wire 32 installation station. The conductive wire 31 and the explosive wire 32 are placed in a predetermined position and fixed before printing continues, so that the metal wire unit 3 is covered inside the mining body 2.

[0038] In step G, the monitoring subsystem synchronously collects data on the applied load, specimen displacement, deformation field around the pores, crack propagation process, discharge voltage and discharge current of the pulse discharge subsystem 5, as well as the crushing process and / or acoustic emission data of the mining body 2 throughout the entire process.

[0039] In step C, a set of resistance monitoring electrodes is buried inside the mining body 2 or at least at a reserved hole at one end. The resistance monitoring electrodes are electrically connected to the resistance monitor 12, and the resistance monitor 12 is connected to the monitoring subsystem signal. In step G, the monitoring subsystem collects the resistance or impedance changes of the mining body 2 before and after the electrical explosion through resistance monitoring electrodes, and determines whether the mining body 2 has undergone effective rupture, crushing, or bearing capacity reduction based on the resistance or impedance change characteristics.

[0040] The monitoring subsystem calculates electrical failure indicators based on changes in resistance or impedance before and after the electrical explosion. D e If electrical failure indicators D e If the preset threshold is exceeded, it is determined that the mining body 2 after the electric explosion has undergone effective rupture, crushing, or reduced load-bearing capacity; Among them, electrical failure indicators D e for: , In the formula: R b The resistance or impedance of the mining body 2 before the electrical explosion. R a The resistance or impedance of the mining body 2 after the electrical explosion.

[0041] The resistance monitoring electrode is not connected in series or in parallel with the pre-embedded metal wire unit 3, and does not participate in the pulse discharge circuit of the pre-embedded metal wire unit 3.

[0042] In step F, the broken debris generated after the electro-explosion-induced failure of the mining body 2 remains inside the through-hole to simulate the low-bearing capacity filling condition of the remaining fractured rock mass after underground mining; or the broken debris is discharged outward through the end of the through-hole of the ore specimen 1 or a pre-set debris discharge channel to simulate the unloading condition of a pure cavity after the complete removal of materials from the mining area. By comparing the perimeter deformation and fracture response under the two conditions of debris residue and debris discharge, the influence of the residual debris after mining on the supporting effect of the surrounding rock can be analyzed.

[0043] The through holes and chip removal channels of the mineral specimen 1, as well as the outer contour of the mining body 2, the conductive wire 31 laying channel, the explosive wire 32 installation position, and the reserved hole position of the resistance monitoring electrode are all pre-parameterized in the three-dimensional model in step A, and are simultaneously integrally formed or pre-formed during the 3D printing process; in step C, after the mining body 2 is prepared by 3D printing, the conductive wire 31 and the explosive wire 32 are respectively placed into the reserved conductive wire 31 laying channel and the explosive wire 32 installation position.

[0044] The ore specimen 1 is cube-shaped, cuboid-shaped, or plate-shaped; the cross-section of the through-hole is circular, elliptical, arched, or polygonal; the shape of the mining body 2 matches the cross-sectional shape and size of the through-hole in the corresponding ore specimen 1; by arranging through-holes and mining bodies 2 of different shapes, the influence of the mining cross-sectional shape on stress concentration around the hole, crack propagation, and surrounding rock stability can be studied, thus adapting to the simulation of cross-sectional morphology in different underground mining spaces (such as...). Figure 1 As shown, the rock specimen 1 is a cube with a horseshoe-shaped through hole at the center, used to simulate the outline of the proposed mining tunnel in underground engineering; the elastic modulus of the mining body 2 is not higher than the elastic modulus of the main body of the rock specimen 1 (referring to the part excluding the through hole), so that the mining body 2 will preferentially fracture, crush or reduce its load-bearing capacity under the action of electric explosion.

[0045] The conductive wire 31 is a copper wire used to connect the pulse discharge subsystem 5 and the explosive wire 32 to form a pulse current transmission path; the conductive wire 31 is not used as the main failure element of the electric explosion; the explosive wire 32 is a zinc wire, nickel-chromium alloy wire or other metal wire segment that can rapidly melt, vaporize or explode under the action of pulse current; the length of the explosive wire 32 is less than the length of the conductive wire 31, and the explosive wire 32 is oriented in the preset stress disturbance failure area of ​​the mining body 2.

[0046] In step C, at least two sets of electrically isolated metal wire units 3 are pre-embedded inside the mining body 2; the explosive wires 32 of each set of metal wire units 3 are respectively arranged in different partition positions of the mining body 2, and each set of metal wire units 3 is electrically connected to the branch control unit of the pulse discharge subsystem 5 through the corresponding conductive wires 31. Each conductive wire 31 has an insulating layer on its surface or is sleeved in an insulating sleeve. During the electrical explosion triggering stage, the explosive wires 32 of each group of metal wire units 3 are triggered step by step according to the preset timing sequence, fixed time interval or real-time feedback signal of the monitoring subsystem, simulating the dynamic process of graded mining or step-by-step unloading in underground engineering.

[0047] The explosive wires 32 of the multiple sets of metal wire units 3 of the present invention are arranged along at least one of the following: axial direction (e.g., axially centered arrangement can make the electric explosion energy mainly act on the inside of the mining body 2 and induce the mining body 2 to break along the axial direction), radial direction, circumferential direction, eccentric region, and independent zone, so as to simulate the engineering process of face-advancing mining, segmented mining, eccentric mining, roadway circumferential excavation, or zoned unloading.

[0048] The thin-layer interface material 7 is at least one of silicone grease, paraffin wax, cement mortar, and gypsum, used to adjust the contact stiffness, friction coefficient, and stress transfer efficiency between the mining body 2 and the rock specimen 1, and can simulate the surrounding rock contact conditions under different mining boundary constraint states or different mining disturbances.

[0049] After the mining body 2 is assembled inside the through hole, at least one end of the through hole is sealed with drilling mud or sealing ring 8, and the conductive wire 31 passes through the corresponding drilling mud or sealing ring 8.

[0050] The loading subsystem 4 is any one of a single-axis loading system, a biaxial planar loading system, a conventional triaxial loading system, or a true triaxial loading system; the preset stress state in step E is a single-axis compression state, a biaxial compression state, a conventional triaxial compression state, or a true triaxial compression state.

[0051] The loading subsystem 4 includes a loading frame 41, a vertical loading cylinder 42, a horizontal loading cylinder 43, a loading head 44, a pad 45, and a loading control unit 46. The vertical loading cylinder 42 is vertically arranged on the upper part of the loading frame 41, and the horizontal loading cylinder 43 is horizontally arranged in the middle of the loading frame 41. The top of the hydraulic rods of the vertical loading cylinder 42 and the horizontal loading cylinder 43 are respectively provided with loading heads 44. The pad 45 is arranged in the middle of the bottom end of the loading frame 41 to support the ore specimen 1 on which the mining body 2 is assembled. The vertical loading cylinder 42 and the horizontal loading cylinder 43 are respectively connected to the hydraulic subsystem, and the hydraulic subsystem is electrically connected to the loading control unit 46.

[0052] The monitoring subsystem includes at least one of the following: a data acquisition module 63, a digital image correlation monitoring device connected to the data acquisition module 63, a high-speed camera 61, an acoustic emission sensor 62, a strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, and a discharge parameter acquisition device; the data acquisition module 63 is synchronously connected to the loading subsystem 4 and the pulse discharge subsystem 5 respectively to achieve microsecond-level synchronous acquisition of mechanical and electrical signals.

[0053] The data acquisition module 63 is a microcomputer, industrial control computer, or PLC.

[0054] In step G, the monitoring subsystem collects the discharge voltage during the electrical explosion process of the pre-embedded metal wire unit 3 in real time. U (t) and discharge current I (t), and calculate the instantaneous discharge power using the following formula. P (t), total discharge energy E d and the equivalent resistance of the discharge circuit R (t): , , , In the formula: T This represents the total duration of a single discharge. t This refers to any instant during the electrical explosion discharge process; Then, by combining the peak current, peak voltage, and abrupt change in the equivalent resistance of the circuit with the instantaneous discharge power, the energy release rate of the electric explosion process is characterized, which is used to determine the intensity level of the vaporization and plasma generation stages of the explosive wire 32, thereby determining the effect of the electric explosion.

[0055] The intensity levels are based on the complete evolution sequence of the metal wire electric explosion (solid-state heating → melting → vaporization → plasma conduction → plasma collapse), dividing the vaporization and plasma generation stages of the explosive wire 32 into four intensity levels: weak level, medium level, strong impact level, and supercritical plasma level.

[0056] The weak level indicates that the surface of the explosive wire 32 is melted or shallowly vaporized, with no effective plasma conduction. It can only generate micro-cracks around the explosive wire 32, which cannot cause the mining body 2 to rupture as a whole or reduce its load. The weak level can determine that the current discharge parameters / explosive wire 32 specifications are insufficient in energy, and it is necessary to increase the energy storage voltage and increase the diameter / length of the explosive wire 32.

[0057] The determination features for the weak level are: a. The peak current is low, and the peak voltage fluctuates slightly without sharp rises or falls; b. The equivalent resistance of the circuit increases slightly without any abrupt change. c. The instantaneous discharge power peak is low and the duration is long, and the energy release rate is slow; d. Total discharge energy E d It is far below the fracture threshold of mining body 2.

[0058] The intermediate level indicates that the explosive wire 32 is completely vaporized and forms a weak plasma channel, which can only cause local surface breakage and shallow cracking of the mining body 2, and cannot form a through-break zone; the intermediate level can be used as an energy transition control group to calibrate the lower limit energy of critical breakage of the mining body 2.

[0059] The criteria for determining the intermediate level are as follows: a. The peak values ​​of current and voltage show a significant increase and there is a small pulse spike; b. The equivalent resistance of the circuit shows a moderate step increase, but the circuit is not completely broken. c. The instantaneous discharge power is moderate and the energy release rate is stable; d. Total discharge energy E d Approaching the fracture threshold of mining body 2.

[0060] The high-impact level indicates that the explosive wire 32 is completely vaporized and forms a stable high-pressure plasma, which can induce the entire mining body 2 to be crushed and completely lose its load-bearing capacity, and make the through hole stably transformed into a void / low load-bearing filling state, which can match the unloading simulation requirements of conventional mining in underground engineering; the high-impact level can precisely control the crushing range and disturbance intensity by finely adjusting the capacitor, voltage and the size of the explosive wire 32, and the test repeatability is high.

[0061] The characteristics for determining the high impact level are: a. The current and voltage exhibit sharp peak pulses and steep waveforms; b. The equivalent resistance of the circuit undergoes a significant step change and the resistance drops sharply during the plasma conduction phase, and the resistance rises rapidly and significantly after the plasma dissipates. c. High instantaneous discharge power peak, concentrated energy release and fast release rate; d. Total discharge energy E d The fracture threshold of the mining body has been reached and moderately exceeded.

[0062] The supercritical plasma stage indicates that the explosive wire 32 is supervaporized and the plasma collapses violently, which is a strong overload impact. At this time, while the mining body 2 is completely crushed, the shock wave is likely to cause non-target penetrating cracks and additional deep damage to the surrounding rock of the ore sample 1, thus making it impossible to distinguish between "mining area failure disturbance" and "overload impact damage". The supercritical plasma stage can determine that the current discharge energy is overloaded, and it is necessary to reduce the energy storage, shorten the length of the explosive wire 32 or reduce the wire diameter to avoid test failure.

[0063] The defining characteristics of the supercritical plasma level are: a. Current and voltage exhibit multiple consecutive spikes with peak values ​​far exceeding the design standard range; b. The equivalent resistance of the circuit changes drastically multiple times, and even instantaneously breaks the circuit completely. c. The instantaneous discharge power peak is extremely high, the energy bursts out instantaneously, and the release rate is out of control; d. Total discharge energy E d It significantly exceeds the fracture threshold of the mining body.

[0064] It should be noted that before the electrical explosion, the structure of the mining body 2 was intact, and the resistance monitoring electrodes had a relatively stable resistance value. After the electrical explosion, the mining body 2 cracked, shattered, or broke, and the conductive path and contact state of the internal resistance monitoring electrodes changed abruptly, resulting in a change in resistance or impedance.

[0065] In step F, the pulse discharge parameters of the pulse discharge subsystem 5 and / or the body parameters of the explosive wire 32 are adjusted to quantitatively control the degree of fragmentation of the mining body 2 and the unloading disturbance intensity of the surrounding rock of the penetrating hole. The pulse discharge parameters include at least one of the following: discharge voltage level, energy storage capacitor value, number of repeated discharges, and trigger time interval; the body parameters of the explosive wire 32 include at least one of the following: wire material, diameter, length, and spatial arrangement position.

[0066] An insulating gasket 13 is provided between the loading head 44 of the loading subsystem 4 and the end face of the rock specimen 1. The insulating gasket 13 has the ability to transmit axial force and at the same time blocks the electrical connection between the loading head 44 and the rock specimen 1, so as to prevent the pulse discharge circuit or resistance monitoring circuit of the explosive wire 32 from grounding or generating electromagnetic interference through the loading subsystem 4.

[0067] In step E, under biaxial loading conditions, the rock specimen 1 equipped with the mining body 2 is subjected to axial pressure by the vertical loading cylinder 42 and lateral pressure by the horizontal loading cylinder 43. Under triaxial loading conditions, confining pressure can be applied to the rock specimen 1 through a confining pressure cavity, a flexible loading structure, or a multi-directional loading mechanism. During the loading process, the mining body 2 and the rock specimen 1 are subjected to force together, and the area where the through hole is located is in a load-bearing and filling state.

[0068] In step G, the displacement field, strain field and crack propagation process on the surface of the rock specimen 1 are obtained using digital imaging methods, and the crack initiation, propagation and penetration process inside the rock specimen 1 are obtained using acoustic emission monitoring methods. Pressure sensors and displacement sensors are used to record the loading stress and deformation response, and the electrical parameter acquisition unit of the pulse discharge subsystem 5 is used to record the discharge voltage, discharge current, discharge energy and discharge duration.

[0069] In step G, the mechanical response of the surrounding rock in the underground engineering mining area under the disturbance of mining unloading includes damage evolution, crack propagation path, deformation characteristics around the cavity, failure mode and stability response.

[0070] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A simulation method for electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed ore and rock samples, characterized in that: The process includes model building, 3D printing of specimens, pre-embedding of functional units, specimen assembly, stress loading, unloading disturbance simulation, and data analysis. The specific steps are as follows: A. Model construction: Based on the geometric shape and experimental boundary conditions of the underground mining area to be simulated, three-dimensional models of a rock specimen (1) with a through hole and a mining body (2) matching the through hole configuration are constructed respectively. B. 3D printing of specimens: The three-dimensional models of the rock specimen (1) and the mining body (2) are imported into the 3D printing control system. Based on the surrounding rock structure of the area to be simulated, the mechanical properties of the ore body or mining area material and the simulation working conditions of mining unloading disturbance, the 3D printing process parameters of the rock specimen (1) and the mining body (2) are configured respectively, and the rock specimen (1) and the mining body (2) are prepared according to the configured 3D printing process parameters. C. Pre-embedded functional units: After the mining body (2) is prepared by 3D printing, at least one set of metal wire units (3) is embedded in the reserved channel and installation position in the mining body (2). The metal wire unit (3) includes a conductive wire (31) and an explosive wire (32). The conductive wire (31) and the explosive wire (32) are electrically connected. D. Sample assembly: The mining body (2) is embedded in the through hole of the ore specimen (1), so that the outer wall of the mining body (2) is in direct contact with the inner wall of the through hole or the outer wall of the mining body (2) is bonded together with a thin layer of interface material (7) to form an integrated ore specimen. E. Stress loading: The rock sample is installed at the loading position of the loading subsystem (4), and the external end of the conductive wire (31) of the mining body (2) is electrically connected to the pulse discharge subsystem (5); a monitoring subsystem is set up around the loading subsystem (4), and the monitoring subsystem is connected to the loading subsystem (4) and the pulse discharge subsystem (5) respectively by synchronous signal; then the axial pressure, lateral pressure or confining pressure is applied to the rock sample through the loading subsystem (4) so ​​that the rock sample (1) and the mining body (2) reach the preset initial stress state and maintain constant load; F. Unloading disturbance simulation: When the rock sample reaches the preset initial stress state and the load is kept constant, the control pulse discharge subsystem (5) outputs a pulse current with preset parameters to the explosion wire (32) through the conductive wire (31), triggering the explosion wire (32) to cause an electric explosion, so as to induce the mining body (2) to break, crush or reduce the overall bearing capacity at the preset position, so that the through hole of the rock sample (1) changes from a solid bearing state to a hollow state or a low bearing filling state, thereby simulating the process of unloading, stress redistribution and damage and fracture evolution of the surrounding rock caused by the removal of materials and reduction of bearing capacity in the mining area during the underground engineering mining process; G. Data Analysis: Multi-source monitoring data of the test process in step F is collected synchronously through the monitoring subsystem. The multi-source monitoring data includes at least one of the following: load, specimen displacement, discharge voltage, discharge current, crushing process of the mining body (2), deformation field around the hole, crack propagation process, and acoustic emission signal. Then, based on the collected multi-source monitoring data, the mechanical response law of the surrounding rock in the underground engineering mining area under the mining unloading disturbance is quantitatively analyzed.

2. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step C, a set of resistance monitoring electrodes is buried inside the mining body (2) or at least at a reserved hole at one end. The resistance monitoring electrodes are electrically connected to the resistance monitor (12), and the resistance monitor (12) is connected to the monitoring subsystem signal. In step G, the monitoring subsystem collects the resistance or impedance changes of the mining body (2) before and after the electric explosion through resistance monitoring electrodes, and determines whether the mining body (2) has been effectively fractured, crushed or has reduced its bearing capacity based on the resistance or impedance change characteristics.

3. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to claim 2, characterized in that: The monitoring subsystem calculates electrical failure indicators based on changes in resistance or impedance before and after the electrical explosion. D e If electrical failure indicators D e If the preset threshold is exceeded, it is determined that the mining body (2) after the electric explosion has undergone effective rupture, crushing or reduced bearing capacity; Among them, electrical failure indicators D e for: , In the formula: R b The resistance or impedance of the mining body (2) before the electrical explosion. R a The resistance or impedance of the mining body (2) after the electrical explosion.

4. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step F, the broken debris generated after the failure of the mining body (2) due to electrical explosion is left inside the through hole to simulate the low load-bearing filling condition of the broken rock mass after underground mining; or the broken debris is discharged outward through the end of the through hole of the ore specimen (1) or the preset chip removal channel to simulate the unloading condition of the pure cavity after the material in the mining area is completely removed.

5. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to claim 4, characterized in that: The through holes and chip removal channels of the mineral specimen (1), as well as the outer contour of the mining body (2), the conductive wire (31) laying channel, the explosive wire (32) installation position, and the reserved hole position of the resistance monitoring electrode are all pre-parameterized in the three-dimensional model in step A, and are simultaneously integrally formed or pre-formed during the 3D printing process; in step C, after the mining body (2) is prepared by 3D printing, the conductive wire (31) and the explosive wire (32) are respectively placed into the reserved conductive wire (31) laying channel and the explosive wire (32) installation position.

6. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the mineral specimen (1) is a cube, cuboid, or plate; the cross-section of the through hole is circular, elliptical, arched, or polygonal; the shape of the mining body (2) matches the cross-sectional shape and size of the through hole of the corresponding mineral specimen (1); the elastic modulus of the mining body (2) is not higher than the main elastic modulus of the mineral specimen (1).

7. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive wire (31) is a copper wire; the explosive wire (32) is a zinc wire, nickel-chromium alloy wire or other metal wire segment that can rapidly melt, vaporize or explode under the action of pulse current; the length of the explosive wire (32) is less than the length of the conductive wire (31), and the explosive wire (32) is oriented in the preset stress disturbance failure area of ​​the mining body (2).

8. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step C, at least two sets of electrically isolated metal wire units (3) are pre-embedded inside the mining body (2); the explosive wires (32) of each set of metal wire units (3) are respectively arranged in different partition positions of the mining body (2), and each set of metal wire units (3) is electrically connected to the branch control unit of the pulse discharge subsystem (5) through the corresponding conductive wires (31), and each conductive wire (31) is provided with an insulating layer or is sleeved in an insulating sleeve; During the electric explosion triggering stage, the explosive wires (32) of each group of metal wire units (3) are triggered step by step according to the preset timing sequence, fixed time interval or real-time feedback signal of the monitoring subsystem, simulating the dynamic process of graded mining or step-by-step unloading of underground engineering.

9. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to claim 8, characterized in that: The explosive wires (32) of multiple sets of metal wire units (3) are arranged along at least one of the following directions: axial direction, radial direction, circumferential direction, eccentric region, and independent zone of the mining body (2) to simulate the engineering process of face-advancing mining, segmented mining, eccentric mining, roadway circumferential excavation, or zoned unloading, respectively.

10. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The thin-layer interface material (7) is at least one of silicone grease, paraffin wax, cement mortar, and gypsum, used to adjust the contact stiffness, friction coefficient and stress transfer efficiency between the mining body (2) and the rock specimen (1).

11. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The loading subsystem (4) is any one of a single-axis loading system, a biaxial planar loading system, a conventional triaxial loading system, or a true triaxial loading system; the preset stress state in step E is a single-axis compression state, a biaxial compression state, a conventional triaxial compression state, or a true triaxial compression state.

12. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The monitoring subsystem includes at least one of the following: a data acquisition module (63), a digital image correlation monitoring device connected to the data acquisition module (63) by signal, a high-speed camera (61), an acoustic emission sensor (62), a strain sensor, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, and a discharge parameter acquisition device; the data acquisition module (63) is synchronously connected to the loading subsystem (4) and the pulse discharge subsystem (5) by signal respectively.

13. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: In step G, the monitoring subsystem collects the discharge voltage of the pre-embedded metal wire unit (3) during the electrical explosion process in real time. U (t) and discharge current I (t), and calculate the instantaneous discharge power using the following formula. P (t), total discharge energy E d and the equivalent resistance of the discharge circuit R (t): ， ， ， In the formula: T This represents the total duration of a single discharge. t This refers to any instant during the electrical explosion discharge process; Then, by combining the peak current, peak voltage, and circuit equivalent resistance change characteristics with the instantaneous discharge power, the energy release rate of the electric explosion process is characterized, which is used to determine the intensity level of the vaporization and plasma generation stages of the explosion wire (32), thereby determining the effect of the electric explosion.

14. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: In step F, the pulse discharge parameters of the pulse discharge subsystem (5) and / or the body parameters of the explosive wire (32) are adjusted to quantitatively control the degree of fragmentation of the mining body (2) and the unloading disturbance intensity of the surrounding rock of the penetrating hole. The pulse discharge parameters include at least one of the following: discharge voltage level, energy storage capacitor value, number of repeated discharges, and trigger time interval; the body parameters of the explosive wire (32) include at least one of the following: wire material, diameter, length, and spatial layout position.

15. The method for simulating electroblasting mining based on 3D-printed rock samples according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: An insulating gasket (13) is provided between the loading head (44) of the loading subsystem (4) and the end face of the mineral specimen (1). The insulating gasket (13) has the ability to transmit axial force and at the same time blocks the electrical connection between the loading head (44) and the mineral specimen (1).

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