Method and device for determining response boundary of rydberg atom sensor, storage medium and computer device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of sensor performance detection, and discloses a response boundary determination method and device of a Rydberg atom sensor, a storage medium and a computer device, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a typical radio frequency carrier frequency band set of GIS partial discharge; setting a modulation pulse frequency set according to the pulse repetition characteristic of the GIS partial discharge, and generating a plurality of modulation radio frequency pulse test signals according to the setting; applying each modulation radio frequency pulse test signal to the Rydberg atom sensor, collecting sensor output power and background noise, calculating a signal-to-noise ratio according to the two, and calculating a weak signal detectable margin based on the signal-to-noise ratio; calculating a carrier frequency adaptation coefficient of each radio frequency carrier frequency and a pulse envelope retention coefficient of each modulation radio frequency pulse test signal according to the sensor output power; determining an effective response domain of the Rydberg atom sensor according to the weak signal detectable margin, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient and the pulse envelope retention coefficient, and determining a response boundary for GIS partial discharge detection according to the effective response domain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of sensor performance testing technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atomic sensor, a storage medium, and a computer device. Background Technology

[0002] Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), due to its compact structure and relatively low insulation margin, is prone to typical defects during operation, such as metal sharpness, floating potential bodies, insulation gaps, surface discharge, and free metal particles. These defects can generate partial discharge under operating voltage. Rapid detection and identification of partial discharge signals are crucial for assessing the insulation condition of GIS and preventing fault escalation. Currently, ultra-high frequency (UHF) methods are widely used for partial discharge detection in GIS. This method utilizes the radio frequency electromagnetic wave signals excited by partial discharge for detection, offering advantages such as strong anti-interference capabilities and suitability for internal GIS detection. In recent years, electric field sensing technology based on Rydberg atoms has gradually emerged. This technology utilizes the response of atomic energy levels to applied radio frequency electric fields, sensing the electric field through optical effects such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting. Rydberg atoms possess extremely high polarizability and transition dipole moments, making them highly sensitive to external electric fields. Furthermore, the measured values ​​are directly traceable to SI physical constants, exhibiting self-calibration characteristics. Therefore, using Rydberg atomic electric field sensors for the detection of partial discharge leakage electric fields in GIS has potential advantages such as non-metallic contact, traceability, and sensitivity to radio frequency electric fields in specific frequency bands.

[0003] However, existing performance evaluation methods for Rydberg atomic sensors mostly focus on indicators such as sensitivity, minimum detectable electric field, or single-frequency response under continuous-wave radio frequency electric field conditions. These methods typically test the sensor's stable optical response at a fixed radio frequency and fixed output power, or calibrate its sensitivity using a known field strength. This type of evaluation is only applicable to continuous-wave signals, while GIS partial discharge signals are typical transient pulse signals, characterized by short pulse duration, steep rise time, wide spectral distribution, strong amplitude randomness, and complex propagation paths. Therefore, the sensitivity indicators obtained from existing continuous-wave tests only reflect the Rydberg atomic sensor's response to steady-state signals and cannot reveal its dynamic behavior under pulse input conditions. There is a fundamental mismatch between its evaluation dimensions and actual detection requirements, making it difficult for test results to support decisions such as sensor selection, operating frequency band setting, and detection threshold determination in engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a method and apparatus, storage medium, and computer equipment for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atomic sensor. By generating a modulated radio frequency pulse test signal that simulates the transient pulse characteristics of partial discharge in GIS, the carrier frequency response capability, envelope tracking capability, and weak signal detectability capability of the sensor are evaluated from three dimensions: frequency domain adaptation, time domain fidelity, and noise margin. The effective response domain is determined by combining the judgment conditions of the three dimensions. This solves the technical problem that existing continuous wave evaluation methods only reflect steady-state sensitivity and cannot accurately assess the applicability of Rydberg atomic sensors to transient pulse signals of partial discharge in GIS.

[0005] According to one aspect of this application, a method for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atomic sensor is provided, comprising: Obtain a set of typical radio frequency carrier frequency bands for partial discharge of GIS, and set a set of modulation pulse frequencies based on the pulse repetition characteristics of partial discharge of GIS. Based on the typical radio frequency carrier band set and the modulation pulse frequency set, multiple modulated radio frequency pulse test signals are generated to simulate the pulse characteristics of GIS partial discharge; each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal corresponds to a set of radio frequency carrier frequencies and modulation pulse frequencies; Each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal is applied to the Rydberg atom sensor under test in sequence, and the corresponding sensor output power and background noise are collected. Based on the sensor output power and background noise, the signal-to-noise ratio is calculated, and based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the corresponding weak signal detectability margin is calculated. Based on the sensor output power, calculate the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each radio frequency carrier frequency and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal; the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient is used to characterize the relative response intensity under the corresponding radio frequency carrier frequency, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient is used to characterize the relative preservation degree of the output envelope of the corresponding modulated radio frequency pulse test signal. Based on the weak signal detectability margin, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient, the effective response domain of the Rydberg atomic sensor is determined, and based on the effective response domain, the response boundary of the Rydberg atomic sensor for GIS partial discharge detection is determined.

[0006] According to another aspect of this application, a response boundary determination device for a Rydberg atomic sensor is provided, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire a set of typical radio frequency carrier frequency bands for partial discharge of GIS, and to set a set of modulation pulse frequencies according to the pulse repetition characteristics of partial discharge of GIS. The test signal generation module is used to generate multiple modulated radio frequency pulse test signals for simulating the pulse characteristics of GIS partial discharge based on the typical radio frequency carrier frequency band set and the modulation pulse frequency set; each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal corresponds to a set of radio frequency carrier frequencies and modulation pulse frequencies; The calculation module is used to sequentially apply each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal to the Rydberg atom sensor under test, collect the corresponding sensor output power and background noise, calculate the signal-to-noise ratio based on the sensor output power and background noise, and calculate the corresponding weak signal detectability margin based on the signal-to-noise ratio. The calculation module is further configured to calculate the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each radio frequency carrier frequency and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal based on the output power of the sensor; the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient is used to characterize the relative response intensity under the corresponding radio frequency carrier frequency, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient is used to characterize the relative preservation degree of the output envelope of the corresponding modulated radio frequency pulse test signal. The response boundary determination module is used to determine the effective response domain of the Rydberg atomic sensor based on the weak signal detectability margin, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient, and to determine the response boundary of the Rydberg atomic sensor for GIS partial discharge detection based on the effective response domain.

[0007] According to another aspect of this application, a storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atomic sensor.

[0008] According to another aspect of this application, a computer device is provided, including a storage medium, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage medium and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the above-described method for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atomic sensor.

[0009] By utilizing the above technical solutions, the method, apparatus, storage medium, and computer equipment for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atomic sensor provided in this application have the following advantages: By generating a modulated radio frequency pulse test signal that simultaneously includes the radio frequency carrier frequency and the modulation pulse frequency, the evaluation input is expanded from a continuous wave to a transient pulse signal that highly matches the characteristics of GIS partial discharge, thus eliminating the physical morphological difference between the evaluation signal and the actual detection signal at the source; the pulse response capability of the sensor is decoupled and evaluated from both the frequency domain and time domain dimensions by using the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient and the pulse envelope holding coefficient, respectively; at the same time, the influence of noise on weak signal detection is incorporated into the evaluation system through the weak signal detectability margin, overcoming the defect of existing methods that only consider signal power and ignore noise level; the evaluation results of the three dimensions are jointly judged to form an effective response domain that simultaneously meets all conditions, upgrading the evaluation results from a single sensitivity value to an engineering decision-making basis that can directly guide sensor selection, operating frequency band setting, etc., thereby improving the accuracy of the selection and setting of Rydberg atomic sensors.

[0010] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atom sensor according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an effective response domain provided in an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 3 This illustration shows a response boundary diagram provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This paper shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a response boundary determination device for a Rydberg atomic sensor provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the device structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0013] This embodiment provides a method for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atom sensor, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step 101: Obtain the typical radio frequency carrier frequency band set of GIS partial discharge, and set the modulation pulse frequency set according to the pulse repetition characteristics of GIS partial discharge.

[0014] Step 102: Based on the typical radio frequency carrier frequency band set and the modulation pulse frequency set, generate multiple modulated radio frequency pulse test signals for simulating the pulse characteristics of GIS partial discharge; each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal corresponds to a set of radio frequency carrier frequencies and modulation pulse frequencies.

[0015] Step 103: Apply each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal to the Rydberg atom sensor under test in sequence, collect the corresponding sensor output power and background noise, calculate the signal-to-noise ratio based on the sensor output power and background noise, and calculate the corresponding weak signal detectability margin based on the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0016] Step 104: Based on the sensor output power, calculate the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each radio frequency carrier frequency and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal; the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient is used to characterize the relative response intensity under the corresponding radio frequency carrier frequency, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient is used to characterize the relative preservation degree of the output envelope of the corresponding modulated radio frequency pulse test signal.

[0017] Step 105: Determine the effective response domain of the Rydberg atomic sensor based on the weak signal detectability margin, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient; and determine the response boundary of the Rydberg atomic sensor for GIS partial discharge detection based on the effective response domain.

[0018] This application provides a method for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atom sensor. First, a set of typical radio frequency carrier bands for GIS partial discharge is obtained, and simultaneously, a set of modulation pulse frequencies is set. The typical radio frequency carrier band set represents which frequencies to be measured, such as certain characteristic frequency bands in the common 300MHz to 3GHz range. This set ensures that the determination of the response boundary does not deviate from the actual application scenario. The modulation pulse frequency set represents "how fast the simulated pulse is," and can be set according to the inherent repetition frequency characteristics of GIS partial discharge pulses. For example, several discrete frequency points are selected from the 10kHz to 10MHz range. This set is used to simulate the rhythm of partial discharge pulse occurrence. These two dimensions correspond to the core characteristics of the partial discharge signal in the frequency and time domains, respectively.

[0019] After determining the typical set of RF carrier frequency bands and the set of modulation pulse frequencies, they are arranged and combined. Specifically, multiple RF carrier frequencies can be determined from the typical RF carrier frequency band set, and each RF carrier frequency is paired with each modulation pulse frequency in the modulation pulse frequency set to generate multiple modulated RF pulse test signals. Each modulated RF pulse test signal carries a specific RF carrier frequency and a specific modulation pulse frequency. For example, a modulated RF pulse test signal may use a 1.5 GHz RF carrier frequency and a 100 kHz modulation pulse frequency for pulse modulation. Through this "decoupling and then combining" generation method, all modulated RF pulse test signals together constitute a two-dimensional test matrix. This matrix covers all combinations of RF carrier frequencies and modulation pulse frequencies, enabling subsequent evaluation to systematically examine the comprehensive performance of the Rydberg atom sensor at different frequencies and pulse velocities without missing any key operating points.

[0020] After generating modulated radio frequency (RF) pulse test signals, each RF pulse test signal is sequentially applied to the Rydberg atom sensor under test, and two types of data are collected simultaneously: one is the actual signal power output by the sensor under effective RF excitation, and the other is the system's background noise power when there is no effective RF input. After collecting these two sets of data, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is obtained by calculating the ratio between the two. The larger this ratio, the easier the signal is to identify. Based on this, the calculated SNR is compared with a preset minimum detection SNR threshold to calculate the weak signal detection margin. If the weak signal detection margin is positive, it means that the signal strength under the RF pulse test signal is higher than the detection requirement and has sufficient SNR margin; if it is negative, it means that the RF pulse test signal may be overwhelmed by noise. This not only determines whether the sensor "responds" but also whether the response has an engineering-usable SNR margin.

[0021] While acquiring the sensor's output power, the response capability of the Rydberg atomic sensor can be quantitatively evaluated from both the frequency and time domains. In the frequency domain, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient for each radio frequency is calculated. A larger coefficient indicates a stronger response at that frequency, making it more suitable as the operating frequency. In the time domain, the pulse envelope preservation coefficient for each modulated radio frequency test signal is calculated. This coefficient reflects whether the sensor's output envelope attenuates or distorts as the pulse speed increases. These two coefficients characterize the two core engineering questions of "which frequency band has a good response" and "how fast a pulse can keep up," together forming a complete characterization of the Rydberg atomic sensor's performance.

[0022] Finally, the evaluation indicators of the above three dimensions are jointly judged to select the set of test conditions that simultaneously meet the requirements in all dimensions. This set is the effective response domain. Specifically, each test condition must simultaneously meet the following: its radio frequency carrier frequency belongs to the typical radio frequency carrier frequency band of GIS, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient is not lower than the corresponding threshold, the pulse envelope preservation coefficient is not lower than the corresponding threshold, and the weak signal detectability margin is greater than or equal to zero. All four conditions are indispensable; failure to meet any one condition is considered a failure condition. This finally determined effective response domain constitutes the response boundary of the sensor for GIS partial discharge detection. Under the frequency and pulse conditions within this region, the Rydberg atomic sensor has a sufficiently strong response, undistorted envelope, and signal is not overwhelmed by noise, and can be used with confidence; while outside the region is the risk zone of insufficient response or failure.

[0023] By applying the technical solution of this embodiment, a modulated radio frequency pulse test signal containing both the radio frequency carrier frequency and the modulation pulse frequency is generated. This expands the evaluation input from a continuous wave to a transient pulse signal that highly matches the characteristics of partial discharge in GIS, eliminating the physical difference between the evaluation signal and the actual detection signal at the source. The pulse response capability of the sensor is decoupled and evaluated from both the frequency domain and the time domain by using the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient and the pulse envelope holding coefficient, respectively. At the same time, the impact of noise on weak signal detection is incorporated into the evaluation system through the weak signal detectability margin, overcoming the shortcomings of existing methods that only consider signal power while ignoring noise levels. The evaluation results from the three dimensions are jointly judged to form an effective response domain that simultaneously meets all conditions. This upgrades the evaluation results from a single sensitivity value to an engineering decision-making basis that can directly guide sensor selection, operating frequency band setting, etc., improving the accuracy of the selection and setting of Rydberg atomic sensors.

[0024] Optionally, in this embodiment, step 104, "calculating the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each radio frequency carrier frequency based on the sensor output power," includes: selecting a modulation pulse frequency from the modulation pulse frequency set as a reference modulation pulse frequency; the reference modulation pulse frequency is the lowest frequency in the modulation pulse frequency set or a modulation pulse frequency falling within the preset stable response range of the Rydberg atom sensor; identifying a first test signal containing the reference modulation pulse frequency from the plurality of modulation radio frequency pulse test signals, and obtaining the first sensor output power corresponding to each first test signal; and calculating the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to the radio frequency carrier frequency contained in each first test signal based on the following formula: ; in, Indicates radio frequency carrier frequency Carrier frequency adaptation coefficient under, Indicates at the reference modulation pulse frequency Radio frequency carrier frequency The first sensor output power, This represents the maximum absolute value of the output power of each of the first sensors.

[0025] In this embodiment, firstly, a reference modulation pulse frequency is selected from the pre-defined set of modulation pulse frequencies as the reference for subsequent comparisons. There are two ways to select this reference modulation pulse frequency: one is to directly choose the lowest frequency in the entire set, because the pulse changes the slowest at the lowest frequency, making it easiest for the sensor to keep up with the envelope change and resulting in the most stable output, suitable as a benchmark for measuring performance at other frequencies; the other is to choose a frequency at which the Rydberg atom sensor is known to have a stable response. The preset stable response range can be pre-calibrated using the prior characteristics of the Rydberg atom sensor or pre-experimental data, for example, a frequency range where the response fluctuation does not exceed ±10% can be considered the preset stable response range. The purpose of selecting the reference modulation pulse frequency is to provide a unified time scale benchmark for subsequent response comparisons of all radio frequency carrier frequencies, ensuring that the modulation pulse frequency variable is fixed during lateral comparisons between different radio frequency carrier frequencies and does not introduce additional interference.

[0026] After determining the reference modulation pulse frequency, multiple test signals carrying this reference modulation pulse frequency are selected from the large number of previously generated modulation RF pulse test signals and used as the first test signals. Since a test signal containing the reference modulation pulse frequency is generated for each RF carrier frequency, the number of first test signals is exactly equal to the number of RF carrier frequencies. For example, if there are five RF carrier frequencies, such as 700MHz, 1GHz, and 1.5GHz, then there are also five corresponding first test signals, namely (700MHz, reference modulation pulse frequency), (1GHz, reference modulation pulse frequency), (1.5GHz, reference modulation pulse frequency), etc. The output power corresponding to each of these first test signals is then obtained. These power values ​​reflect the sensor response intensity excited by different RF carrier frequencies under the condition that the modulation pulse frequency is exactly the same. Since the modulation pulse frequency has been fixed, the difference in output power comes purely from the difference in RF carrier frequencies, which lays a clean data foundation for subsequent evaluation of the sensor's response characteristics in the frequency domain.

[0027] The carrier frequency adaptation coefficients calculated in this application intuitively characterize "which radio frequency carrier frequencies the sensor responds to sufficiently," allowing for a clear and easy comparison of the response strengths of different radio frequency carrier frequencies. Furthermore, since the carrier frequency adaptation coefficients for all radio frequency carrier frequencies are calculated at the same reference modulation pulse frequency, their comparisons completely eliminate interference caused by differences in modulation pulse frequencies, resulting in clean, reliable, and comparable evaluation conclusions.

[0028] In this embodiment of the application, optionally, calculating the pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal includes: calculating the pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal based on the following formula: ; in, Indicates based on radio frequency carrier frequency Modulation pulse frequency The pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to the generated modulated RF pulse test signal. Indicates based on radio frequency carrier frequency Modulation pulse frequency The output power of the second sensor corresponding to the generated modulated radio frequency pulse test signal. Indicates based on the same radio frequency carrier frequency Reference modulation pulse frequency The first sensor output power corresponding to the first test signal generated.

[0029] In this embodiment, the pulse envelope holding system reflects how much of the sensor's output envelope is "held" when the modulation pulse frequency changes from the reference modulation pulse frequency to the current value. If the ratio is close to 1, it indicates that the sensor can still maintain a response level comparable to the slow reference modulation pulse frequency under fast pulse modulation, and the envelope holding capability is good; if the ratio is much less than 1, it indicates that as the pulse speed increases, the sensor or readout link cannot keep up, and the output envelope has been significantly attenuated.

[0030] It is important to note that comparisons must be performed at the same RF carrier frequency. For example, when evaluating the envelope preservation capability at different modulation pulse frequencies on a 1.5 GHz RF carrier, the response at the 1.5 GHz RF carrier and the reference modulation pulse frequency is always used as the benchmark; when evaluating a 1 GHz RF carrier, the response at the 1 GHz reference modulation pulse frequency is used as the benchmark. In this way, each RF carrier has its own internal benchmark, independent of each other and without interference. This "internal comparison within the same RF carrier" design ensures that the pulse envelope preservation coefficient only reflects the effect of modulation pulse frequency variations, without compromising the differences in response capabilities between different RF carriers, making the evaluation results pure and comparable.

[0031] The pulse envelope holding coefficient calculated using the above formula reveals the dynamic response characteristics of the sensor. When the modulation pulse frequency is close to the reference modulation pulse frequency, the pulse envelope holding coefficient approaches 1; as the modulation pulse frequency gradually increases, the pulse envelope holding coefficient may decrease slowly or decay sharply. If the pulse envelope holding coefficient decreases gradually, it indicates that the sensor's readout link bandwidth is sufficient and its envelope tracking capability for fast pulses is good, making it suitable for detecting partial discharge signals with high repetition frequencies. If the pulse envelope holding coefficient drops sharply after a certain frequency point, it indicates that the frequency has exceeded the effective response bandwidth of the sensor or photoelectric detection module, and the output envelope at that modulation pulse frequency is severely distorted, making it unsuitable as an effective operating condition.

[0032] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, step 103, "calculating the corresponding weak signal detectability margin based on the signal-to-noise ratio", includes: obtaining a preset minimum detection signal-to-noise ratio threshold; and calculating the corresponding weak signal detectability margin based on the difference or ratio between the signal-to-noise ratio and the preset minimum detection signal-to-noise ratio threshold.

[0033] In this embodiment, a priori parameter, namely a preset minimum detection SNR threshold, is first introduced. This threshold represents the minimum acceptable signal quality baseline for the detection system and can be preset by engineers based on their tolerance for false alarm and false negative rates according to the detection task. After obtaining the preset minimum detection SNR threshold, the previously calculated SNR is mathematically compared with this threshold. The comparison can be either a difference or a ratio. When using the difference method, the detectability margin of a weak signal equals the SNR minus the preset minimum detection SNR threshold. A positive result indicates that the actual signal quality is better than the minimum requirement, and a larger positive value indicates a more sufficient margin. A negative result indicates that the signal quality does not meet the requirements and the conditions for reliable detection are not met. When using the ratio method, the detectability margin of a weak signal equals the SNR divided by the preset minimum detection SNR threshold. A value greater than 1 indicates compliance, and a value less than 1 indicates non-compliance.

[0034] In existing technologies, detection is considered valid as long as the sensor can detect a signal, with almost no consideration for noise levels. This may be true in a shielded laboratory environment, but in a substation, factors such as environmental electromagnetic interference, laser frequency locking fluctuations, and shot noise from photodetectors can significantly increase the background noise. A signal that responds well in the laboratory may be completely drowned out by noise in the actual field. The embodiments of this application introduce a preset minimum detection signal-to-noise ratio threshold and calculate the detectability margin of weak signals to ensure that the finally determined response boundary is not only physically responsive but also statistically reliable.

[0035] In this embodiment of the application, optionally, step 105, "determining the effective response domain of the Rydberg atomic sensor based on the weak signal detectability margin, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient," includes: filtering out effective radio frequency carrier frequencies whose carrier frequency adaptation coefficient is greater than a preset carrier frequency adaptation threshold based on the radio frequency carrier frequency and carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each first test signal; identifying second test signals containing the effective radio frequency carrier frequencies from the plurality of modulated radio frequency pulse test signals; determining whether each second test signal meets a preset condition; the preset condition includes that the corresponding pulse envelope preservation coefficient is greater than or equal to a preset envelope preservation threshold and the corresponding weak signal detectability margin is greater than or equal to zero; and determining the effective response domain of the Rydberg atomic sensor based on all second test signals that meet the preset condition.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first round of screening is performed using the carrier frequency adaptation coefficients of each radio frequency carrier. Specifically, the radio frequency carrier corresponding to each first test signal and its carrier frequency adaptation coefficient are compared one by one with a preset carrier frequency adaptation threshold. Only radio frequency carriers with carrier frequency adaptation coefficients greater than the preset carrier frequency adaptation threshold can enter the next round of screening. These selected radio frequency carriers are called valid radio frequency carriers. This can quickly eliminate frequency points with significantly weak sensor responses. Here, the preset carrier frequency adaptation threshold can be flexibly set by engineers according to actual needs: it can be set lower for scenarios with high detection sensitivity requirements to retain more candidate frequency points; it can be set higher for scenarios with high reliability requirements to retain only a few frequency points with the strongest response.

[0037] After the first round of screening identifies the effective RF carrier frequencies, the second round of screening selects second test signals carrying effective RF carrier frequencies from all modulated RF pulse test signals. Following the second round, each selected second test signal undergoes a third round of fine-tuning, determining whether it simultaneously meets two conditions: first, the pulse envelope preservation coefficient is greater than or equal to a preset envelope preservation threshold; second, the weak signal detectability margin is greater than or equal to zero. The first condition examines whether the output envelope maintains sufficient amplitude; a value below the preset envelope preservation threshold indicates severe sensor response attenuation and envelope distortion under rapid pulses. The second condition examines whether the signal possesses the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margin for detection; a margin greater than or equal to zero means the actual SNR meets or exceeds the minimum detection requirement. Only second test signals that simultaneously meet both conditions are considered truly effective test conditions.

[0038] Through these three rounds of progressive screening, the second set of test signals that meets all the conditions is ultimately determined as the effective response domain of the Rydberg atomic sensor. Compared to the single-index evaluation approach in existing technologies, this multi-layered, progressive, and multi-dimensional screening method makes the effective response domain a truly safe operating area for the sensor in GIS partial discharge detection. Every test condition within the domain has undergone rigorous testing and can be used with confidence; conditions outside the domain are insufficient in at least one dimension and are not suitable as working points for actual detection.

[0039] In this embodiment of the application, optionally, after step 105, the method further includes: generating engineering recommended parameters based on the response boundary; the engineering recommended parameters include at least one of the following: at least one recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency, a modulation pulse frequency range that can maintain an effective envelope under each recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency, and at least one of the target weak signal detection margins corresponding to each modulation radio frequency pulse test signal within the effective response domain. Accordingly, the method further includes at least one of the following: using the recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency as the detection center frequency for spectrum measurement when the Rydberg atomic sensor performs GIS partial discharge detection; setting the sampling rate of pulse signal acquisition when the Rydberg atomic sensor performs GIS partial discharge detection according to the modulation pulse frequency range; the sampling rate is not less than twice the upper limit of the modulation pulse frequency range; setting the detection trigger threshold when the Rydberg atomic sensor performs GIS partial discharge detection according to the target weak signal detectability margin; the detection trigger threshold is not higher than the received signal power level corresponding to the target weak signal detectability margin.

[0040] In this embodiment, firstly, the effective response domain is transformed into specific parameters that engineers can directly use, i.e., recommended engineering parameters are generated. Specifically, at least one recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency (RF carrier) best suited as the operating frequency can be selected from the effective response domain. These recommended RF carrier frequencies are typically frequencies that perform well across multiple modulation pulse frequencies. For each recommended RF carrier frequency, it is determined which modulation pulse frequency ranges can maintain an effective envelope at that carrier frequency, i.e., a safe modulation pulse frequency interval is defined. The detectability margin of the target weak signal corresponding to each test condition within the effective response domain is extracted. These margin values ​​reflect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margin of each effective operating point.

[0041] After generating the recommended engineering parameters, the recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency can be directly used as the detection center frequency for the Rydberg atomic sensor during spectrum measurement in GIS partial discharge detection. The detection center frequency of the spectrum measurement module determines which frequency of electromagnetic waves the system primarily listens for. Through this operation, the optimal carrier frequency selected in the evaluation phase is directly transmitted to the hardware, ensuring that the sensor system operates at the frequency with the strongest response during actual detection, maximizing detection sensitivity.

[0042] Furthermore, the sampling rate for pulse signal acquisition can be set based on the modulation pulse frequency range that maintains an effective envelope at each recommended operating RF carrier frequency, and the sampling rate must be no less than twice the upper limit of that modulation pulse frequency range. This requirement is based on the Nyquist sampling theorem: to recover a signal without distortion, the sampling frequency must be at least twice the highest frequency of the signal; otherwise, the acquired pulse waveform will experience aliasing distortion, and the envelope information cannot be correctly reconstructed. This operation directly maps the envelope preservation boundary measured during the evaluation phase to hardware acquisition parameters, ensuring that the pulse signal acquisition in actual detection does not lose the sensor's verified envelope response capability.

[0043] Furthermore, a detection trigger threshold can be set based on the detectability margin of the target weak signal within the effective response domain, and this threshold must not exceed the received signal power level corresponding to the detectability margin. The detection trigger threshold is a crucial parameter in a practical detection system; only when the received signal power exceeds this threshold is a valid signal detected, triggering recording or an alarm. If the detection trigger threshold is set higher than the actual signal power, the system will not trigger even if the signal exists and the signal-to-noise ratio meets the minimum requirements, resulting in missed detections. Requiring the detection trigger threshold to not exceed the actual received signal power level corresponding to the detectability margin ensures that all valid operating points deemed detectable during the evaluation phase can be reliably triggered in actual detection, thus avoiding the problems of traditional methods where the detection trigger threshold setting relies on experience and lacks quantitative basis.

[0044] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the step 101 of "obtaining a set of typical radio frequency carrier frequency bands for partial discharge of GIS" includes: obtaining at least one typical defect type of GIS; the typical defect type includes metal tip discharge, floating potential body discharge, insulating air gap discharge, surface discharge, and free metal particle discharge; for each typical defect type, performing ultra-high frequency detection on the partial discharge signal of the typical defect type, obtaining the spectral energy distribution of the partial discharge signal under the typical defect type, and determining the continuous frequency bands with spectral energy higher than a preset energy threshold as the corresponding set of typical radio frequency carrier frequency bands based on the spectral energy distribution.

[0045] In this embodiment, several typical partial discharge defect types in GIS equipment are first identified, including metal tip discharge, floating potential body discharge, insulation gap discharge, surface discharge, and free metal particle discharge. These defects are the most common and representative insulation defects in GIS operation. Metal tip discharge originates from metal protrusions in high electric field regions; floating potential body discharge is caused by poorly grounded metal components inside the equipment; insulation gap discharge occurs in tiny cavities within solid insulating materials; surface discharge develops along the surface of the insulating medium; and free metal particle discharge is caused by the movement of residual metal particles within the GIS in an electric field. The partial discharge signals generated by different defect types show significant differences in time-domain waveforms and spectral distribution. For example, floating potential discharge typically exhibits a wider frequency band distribution and more dispersed spectral energy, while tip discharge and surface discharge often have strong energy peaks in certain specific frequency bands. Therefore, distinguishing typical defect types allows for targeted frequency band acquisition in subsequent operations.

[0046] After identifying the typical defect types, ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection is performed on the partial discharge signals of each type. Specifically, a GIS typical defect simulation platform can be built in the laboratory. A voltage is applied to each defect model to induce a stable partial discharge. Then, an UHF sensor couples the electromagnetic wave signal radiated by the discharge. After amplification and spectral analysis, the distribution curve of signal energy as a function of frequency for that typical defect type is obtained. This curve shows the proportion of energy of different frequency components in the total signal and is the core basis for determining the typical radio frequency carrier band for that typical defect type.

[0047] After obtaining the spectral energy distribution, effective frequency bands are extracted using a preset energy threshold. Specifically, continuous frequency bands with spectral energy above this threshold can be identified as the set of typical radio frequency carrier bands corresponding to this typical defect type. In this way, the originally potentially wide continuous spectrum is compressed into several discrete characteristic frequency bands, which represent the most representative radio frequency components in the partial discharge signal of this typical defect type. Moreover, since the spectral energy distribution curves of different defects have different shapes, the continuous frequency bands above the preset energy threshold are also different, thus achieving a differentiated mapping where "different defects correspond to different sets of frequency bands".

[0048] This application embodiment obtains the spectrum energy distribution through ultra-high frequency detection and then objectively extracts the frequency band using a preset energy threshold. This avoids the arbitrariness of relying on literature experience values ​​or subjectively defining the frequency band range, and makes the determination of the typical radio frequency carrier band set have a repeatable quantitative basis.

[0049] Furthermore, in a specific embodiment, such as Figure 2The diagram illustrates an effective response domain D. Specifically, the effective response domain of the Rydberg atom sensor is determined from three dimensions: noise, time, and frequency. Indicated based on radio frequency carrier frequency and modulation pulse frequency The weak signal detection margin under the generated modulated RF pulse test signal; A set of typical radio frequency carrier bands representing partial discharge in GIS; This indicates the preset envelope preservation threshold; This indicates the preset carrier frequency adaptation threshold.

[0050] Furthermore, in a specific embodiment, such as Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a response boundary. Specifically, it shows the response boundary, pulse envelope attenuation region, frequency mismatch region, and noise overwhelmed region, covering all possible test conditions. The frequency coordinates in the diagram are... The horizontal axis represents the location of each test condition, with the radio frequency carrier frequency on the horizontal axis and the modulation pulse frequency on the vertical axis. Each test condition is categorized into a corresponding region based on its performance across these three dimensions. The region covered by the response boundary is only one of these regions; the other three regions correspond to three types of failure modes: frequency mismatch (carrier frequency fit coefficient not meeting standards), envelope attenuation (pulse envelope hold coefficient not meeting standards), and noise inundation (weak signal detectability margin not meeting standards). If a test condition exhibits multiple failure modes simultaneously, it is assigned to the failure region that was triggered first.

[0051] Furthermore, as Figure 1 In terms of specific implementation, this application provides a device for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atomic sensor, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire a set of typical radio frequency carrier frequency bands for partial discharge of GIS, and to set a set of modulation pulse frequencies according to the pulse repetition characteristics of partial discharge of GIS. The test signal generation module is used to generate multiple modulated radio frequency pulse test signals for simulating the pulse characteristics of GIS partial discharge based on the typical radio frequency carrier frequency band set and the modulation pulse frequency set; each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal corresponds to a set of radio frequency carrier frequencies and modulation pulse frequencies; The calculation module is used to sequentially apply each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal to the Rydberg atom sensor under test, collect the corresponding sensor output power and background noise, calculate the signal-to-noise ratio based on the sensor output power and background noise, and calculate the corresponding weak signal detectability margin based on the signal-to-noise ratio. The calculation module is further configured to calculate the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each radio frequency carrier frequency and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal based on the output power of the sensor; the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient is used to characterize the relative response intensity under the corresponding radio frequency carrier frequency, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient is used to characterize the relative preservation degree of the output envelope of the corresponding modulated radio frequency pulse test signal. The response boundary determination module is used to determine the effective response domain of the Rydberg atomic sensor based on the weak signal detectability margin, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient, and to determine the response boundary of the Rydberg atomic sensor for GIS partial discharge detection based on the effective response domain.

[0052] Optionally, the computing module is further configured to: Select a modulation pulse frequency from the set of modulation pulse frequencies as a reference modulation pulse frequency; the reference modulation pulse frequency is the lowest frequency in the set of modulation pulse frequencies or a modulation pulse frequency that falls within the preset stable response range of the Rydberg atom sensor; Identify a first test signal containing the reference modulation pulse frequency from the plurality of modulated radio frequency pulse test signals, and obtain the first sensor output power corresponding to each first test signal; The carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to the radio frequency carrier frequency contained in each first test signal is calculated based on the following formula: ; in, Indicates radio frequency carrier frequency Carrier frequency adaptation coefficient under, Indicates at the reference modulation pulse frequency Radio frequency carrier frequency The first sensor output power, This represents the maximum absolute value of the output power of each of the first sensors.

[0053] Optionally, the computing module is further configured to: The pulse envelope preservation coefficient for each modulated RF pulse test signal is calculated based on the following formula: ; in, Indicates based on radio frequency carrier frequency Modulation pulse frequency The pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to the generated modulated RF pulse test signal. Indicates based on radio frequency carrier frequency Modulation pulse frequency The output power of the second sensor corresponding to the generated modulated radio frequency pulse test signal. Indicates based on the same radio frequency carrier frequency Reference modulation pulse frequency The first sensor output power corresponding to the first test signal generated.

[0054] Optionally, the computing module is further configured to: Obtain the preset minimum detection signal-to-noise ratio threshold; The corresponding weak signal detectability margin is calculated based on the difference or ratio between the signal-to-noise ratio and the preset minimum detection signal-to-noise ratio threshold.

[0055] Optionally, the response boundary determination module is used to: Based on the radio frequency carrier frequency and carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each first test signal, the effective radio frequency carrier frequencies with a carrier frequency adaptation coefficient greater than the preset carrier frequency adaptation threshold are selected. Identify a second test signal containing the effective radio frequency carrier frequency from the plurality of modulated radio frequency pulse test signals; Each second test signal is determined to meet a preset condition; the preset condition includes that the corresponding pulse envelope preservation coefficient is greater than or equal to a preset envelope preservation threshold, and the corresponding weak signal detectability margin is greater than or equal to zero. The effective response range of the Rydberg atomic sensor is determined based on all second test signals that satisfy the preset conditions.

[0056] Optionally, the device further includes a recommended parameter generation module; the recommended parameter generation module is used to: After determining the response boundary of the Rydberg atomic sensor for GIS partial discharge detection based on the effective response domain, engineering recommended parameters are generated based on the response boundary. The engineering recommended parameters include at least one recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency, the modulation pulse frequency range that can maintain an effective envelope at each recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency, and at least one of the following: the detectability margin of the target weak signal corresponding to each modulation radio frequency pulse test signal within the effective response domain. Accordingly, the device further includes a setting module; the setting module is used for at least one of the following: The recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency is used as the detection center frequency for spectrum measurement when the Rydberg atomic sensor performs GIS partial discharge detection. Based on the modulation pulse frequency range, the sampling rate for pulse signal acquisition during GIS partial discharge detection by the Rydberg atomic sensor is set; the sampling rate is not less than twice the upper limit of the modulation pulse frequency range. Based on the detectability margin of the target weak signal, a detection trigger threshold is set for the Rydberg atomic sensor to perform partial discharge detection in GIS; the detection trigger threshold is not higher than the received signal power level corresponding to the detectability margin of the target weak signal.

[0057] Optionally, the data acquisition module is used for: Obtain at least one typical defect type of GIS; the typical defect types include metal tip discharge, floating potential body discharge, insulating air gap discharge, surface discharge and free metal particle discharge; For each typical defect type, the partial discharge signal of the typical defect type is subjected to UHF detection to obtain the spectral energy distribution of the partial discharge signal under the typical defect type. Based on the spectral energy distribution, the continuous frequency bands with spectral energy higher than the preset energy threshold are determined as the corresponding typical radio frequency carrier frequency band set.

[0058] It should be noted that other corresponding descriptions of the functional units involved in the response boundary determination device for a Rydberg atomic sensor provided in this application embodiment can be found in [reference]. Figures 1 to 3 The corresponding descriptions in the method will not be repeated here.

[0059] This application also provides a computer device, which may specifically be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc. Figure 5 As shown, the computer device includes a bus, a processor, memory, and a communication interface, and may also include an input / output interface and a display device. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The database stores location information. The network interface allows communication with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps in the various method embodiments.

[0060] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0061] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which may be non-volatile or volatile, having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0062] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0063] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments described above. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0065] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0066] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atomic sensor, characterized in that, include: Obtain the typical radio frequency carrier frequency band set for partial discharge of GIS, and set the modulation pulse frequency set according to the pulse repetition characteristics of partial discharge of GIS; Based on the typical radio frequency carrier frequency band set and the modulation pulse frequency set, multiple modulated radio frequency pulse test signals are generated to simulate the pulse characteristics of GIS partial discharge. Each modulated RF pulse test signal corresponds to a set of RF carrier frequencies and modulation pulse frequencies; Each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal is applied to the Rydberg atom sensor under test in sequence, and the corresponding sensor output power and background noise are collected. Based on the sensor output power and background noise, the signal-to-noise ratio is calculated, and based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the corresponding weak signal detectability margin is calculated. Based on the sensor output power, calculate the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each radio frequency carrier frequency and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal. The carrier frequency adaptation coefficient is used to characterize the relative response intensity under the corresponding radio frequency carrier frequency, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient is used to characterize the relative preservation degree of the output envelope of the corresponding modulated radio frequency pulse test signal. Based on the weak signal detectability margin, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient, the effective response domain of the Rydberg atomic sensor is determined, and based on the effective response domain, the response boundary of the Rydberg atomic sensor for GIS partial discharge detection is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each radio frequency carrier frequency based on the sensor output power includes: Select a modulation pulse frequency from the set of modulation pulse frequencies as a reference modulation pulse frequency; the reference modulation pulse frequency is the lowest frequency in the set of modulation pulse frequencies or a modulation pulse frequency that falls within the preset stable response range of the Rydberg atom sensor; Identify a first test signal containing the reference modulation pulse frequency from the plurality of modulated radio frequency pulse test signals, and obtain the first sensor output power corresponding to each first test signal; The carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to the radio frequency carrier frequency contained in each first test signal is calculated based on the following formula: ； in, Indicates radio frequency carrier frequency Carrier frequency adaptation coefficient under, Indicates at the reference modulation pulse frequency Radio frequency carrier frequency The first sensor output power, This represents the maximum absolute value of the output power of each of the first sensors.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Calculate the pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to each modulated RF pulse test signal, including: The pulse envelope preservation coefficient for each modulated RF pulse test signal is calculated based on the following formula: ； in, Indicates based on radio frequency carrier frequency Modulation pulse frequency The pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to the generated modulated RF pulse test signal. Indicates based on radio frequency carrier frequency Modulation pulse frequency The output power of the second sensor corresponding to the generated modulated radio frequency pulse test signal. Indicates based on the same radio frequency carrier frequency Reference modulation pulse frequency The first sensor output power corresponding to the first test signal generated.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the corresponding weak signal detectability margin based on the signal-to-noise ratio includes: Obtain the preset minimum detection signal-to-noise ratio threshold; The corresponding weak signal detectability margin is calculated based on the difference or ratio between the signal-to-noise ratio and the preset minimum detection signal-to-noise ratio threshold.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the effective response domain of the Rydberg atomic sensor based on the weak signal detectability margin, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient includes: Based on the radio frequency carrier frequency and carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each first test signal, the effective radio frequency carrier frequencies with a carrier frequency adaptation coefficient greater than the preset carrier frequency adaptation threshold are selected. Identify a second test signal containing the effective radio frequency carrier frequency from the plurality of modulated radio frequency pulse test signals; Each second test signal is determined to meet a preset condition; the preset condition includes that the corresponding pulse envelope preservation coefficient is greater than or equal to a preset envelope preservation threshold, and the corresponding weak signal detectability margin is greater than or equal to zero. The effective response range of the Rydberg atomic sensor is determined based on all second test signals that satisfy the preset conditions.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the response boundary of the Rydberg atomic sensor for GIS partial discharge detection based on the effective response domain, the method further includes: Engineering recommended parameters are generated based on the response boundary; the engineering recommended parameters include at least one of the following: at least one recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency, the modulation pulse frequency range that can maintain an effective envelope under each recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency, and the target weak signal detection margin corresponding to each modulation radio frequency pulse test signal in the effective response domain. Accordingly, the method further includes at least one of the following: The recommended operating radio frequency carrier frequency is used as the detection center frequency for spectrum measurement when the Rydberg atomic sensor performs GIS partial discharge detection. Based on the modulation pulse frequency range, the sampling rate for pulse signal acquisition during GIS partial discharge detection by the Rydberg atomic sensor is set; the sampling rate is not less than twice the upper limit of the modulation pulse frequency range. Based on the detectability margin of the target weak signal, a detection trigger threshold is set for the Rydberg atomic sensor to perform partial discharge detection in GIS; the detection trigger threshold is not higher than the received signal power level corresponding to the detectability margin of the target weak signal.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The set of typical radio frequency carrier bands for obtaining partial discharge of GIS includes: Obtain at least one typical defect type of GIS; the typical defect types include metal tip discharge, floating potential body discharge, insulating air gap discharge, surface discharge and free metal particle discharge; For each typical defect type, the partial discharge signal of the typical defect type is subjected to UHF detection to obtain the spectral energy distribution of the partial discharge signal under the typical defect type. Based on the spectral energy distribution, the continuous frequency bands with spectral energy higher than the preset energy threshold are determined as the corresponding typical radio frequency carrier frequency band set.

8. A device for determining the response boundary of a Rydberg atomic sensor, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire a set of typical radio frequency carrier frequency bands for partial discharge of GIS, and to set a set of modulation pulse frequencies based on the pulse repetition characteristics of partial discharge of GIS. The test signal generation module is used to generate multiple modulated radio frequency pulse test signals for simulating the pulse characteristics of GIS partial discharge based on the typical radio frequency carrier frequency band set and the modulated pulse frequency set. Each modulated RF pulse test signal corresponds to a set of RF carrier frequencies and modulation pulse frequencies; The calculation module is used to sequentially apply each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal to the Rydberg atom sensor under test, collect the corresponding sensor output power and background noise, calculate the signal-to-noise ratio based on the sensor output power and background noise, and calculate the corresponding weak signal detectability margin based on the signal-to-noise ratio. The calculation module is further configured to calculate the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient corresponding to each radio frequency carrier frequency and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient corresponding to each modulated radio frequency pulse test signal based on the output power of the sensor; the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient is used to characterize the relative response intensity under the corresponding radio frequency carrier frequency, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient is used to characterize the relative preservation degree of the output envelope of the corresponding modulated radio frequency pulse test signal. The response boundary determination module is used to determine the effective response domain of the Rydberg atomic sensor based on the weak signal detectability margin, the carrier frequency adaptation coefficient, and the pulse envelope preservation coefficient, and to determine the response boundary of the Rydberg atomic sensor for GIS partial discharge detection based on the effective response domain.

9. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer device, comprising a storage medium, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage medium and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

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