A method and system for designing a gypsum rock reservoir area seepage prevention

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of gypsum quality rock reservoir area seepage prevention design method and system.The method comprises: obtaining target reservoir area gypsum quality rock vertical zoning characteristics and hydrogeological zoning, prepare physical sample sequence representing different zoned gypsum form;Sample is loaded into multi-field coupling physical simulation system, temperature field is set to simulate geothermal gradient, control seepage velocity to simulate reservoir water level variation dynamic seepage field, carry out water-rock interaction test and on-line monitoring of dissolution product;Based on the dissolution product, calculate the cumulative chemical dissolution mass, the contribution rate of physical erosion and the total dissolution flux, determine the lateral leakage contribution rate and the potential erosion intensity index, identify the key potential erosion area and the dominant leakage path network, and generate a three-dimensional leakage risk prediction map;According to the prediction map, determine the differential bottom elevation of the seepage prevention curtain, adjust the curtain layout density, and generate a three-dimensional seepage prevention curtain optimization scheme.The application realizes quantitative evaluation of dissolution risk and differential precise design of curtain, and improves the pertinence and economy of seepage prevention engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of hydrogeology and seepage control technology, and in particular to a seepage prevention design method and system for gypsum rock reservoirs. Background Technology

[0002] Gypsum-bearing rocks, primarily composed of anhydrite and pyroplastic gypsum, are widely distributed in my country's red bed regions. These rocks exhibit strong dissolution properties in aquatic environments, leading to loosening of the rock mass structure, deterioration of mechanical properties, and a significant increase in permeability. This, in turn, can cause major engineering geological problems such as foundation settlement, tunnel instability, reservoir and dam leakage, and concrete corrosion. As water conservancy and hydropower projects extend into complex geological areas, particularly in gypsum-rich regions like southern Sichuan and Hubei, cases of tunnel lining cracking and dam foundation leakage caused by gypsum dissolution are increasingly common, seriously threatening project safety and operation. The periodic water storage and release operations of pumped-storage power stations and reservoirs result in continuous dynamic changes in the groundwater dynamic field around the reservoir, further exacerbating the uncertainty and complexity of the gypsum dissolution process. Therefore, accurately predicting the dissolution development trend of gypsum-bearing rocks under dynamic water circulation conditions has become a key technical challenge for engineering surveying, design, and risk control.

[0003] Currently, reservoir leakage assessment and seepage prevention design mainly rely on hydrogeological drilling, water pressure tests, and engineering experience analogies, facing two major bottlenecks. First, "difficulty in prediction": existing exploration methods are mostly static detection, making it difficult to quantitatively reveal the dissolution and development mechanism of gypsum under dynamic water-rock coupling, and thus unable to effectively predict the evolution, direction, and rate of potential leakage channels over time. Second, "rough design": due to a lack of forward-looking predictive basis, seepage prevention curtain designs often adopt uniform deployment depth and range based on conservative experience, leading to increased project investment and potentially failing to accurately seal off advantageous leakage paths that will actually form in the future.

[0004] The root cause of the above problems lies in the lack of quantitative analysis tools and theoretical methods that can effectively couple the complex geological structure and dynamic seepage field of the reservoir area. Gypsum distribution in rock strata exhibits significant heterogeneity and structural vertical zonation. Taking the southern Sichuan region as an example, gypsum in shallow rock masses is mostly distributed in spots or star-like patterns; with increasing depth, the gypsum content increases and gradually accumulates into clumps or veins; at deeper depths, it evolves into continuously distributed thin or even thick layers. This structural zoning characteristic, from "dispersion" to "accumulation" and then to "layering," leads to significant differences in the degree of dissolution and engineering impact of different forms of gypsum. Based on the principle of gypsum dissolution chemical equilibrium, deep groundwater, due to long-term interaction with gypsum, often has higher concentrations of sulfate and calcium ions, leading to a saturated solution. This forms a relatively stable dissolution boundary under natural conditions, limiting further dissolution of gypsum.

[0005] However, traditional indoor dissolution testing equipment and homogenized theoretical models cannot physically reconstruct or mathematically describe the real environment of multi-field coupling, including geological structure, temperature, seepage, and chemical fields. Existing indoor tests on gypsum-bearing rocks mostly use single-form gypsum as samples, considering the effects of temperature or flow rate on dissolution in isolation. The research conclusions are difficult to effectively extrapolate to actual engineering projects, resulting in a significant disconnect between theoretical research and engineering practice. Crucially, existing static assessment methods cannot effectively simulate and predict engineering activities, particularly the fundamental changes brought about by reservoir construction and operation. In areas where gypsum exhibits vertical zonation, the dissolution of shallow gypsum increases the ion concentration in groundwater. As it flows deeper, it is influenced by a combination of factors, including the concentration of dissolution products in the shallow layer, the geothermal gradient, and the distribution morphology of deep gypsum. The dissolution process of deep gypsum is not a simple dissolution from an initial state to a saturated state, but rather a nonlinear process influenced by the dynamic coupling of multiple factors. After a reservoir is built and begins storing water, the frequent rises and falls in the reservoir water level will drastically alter the groundwater dynamics, disrupting the gypsum dissolution-precipitation equilibrium formed under natural conditions. This will cause the original dissolution boundary to migrate deeper, potentially activating previously stable deep gypsum rock layers and forming new seepage channels. Traditional methods are currently unable to predict this dynamic evolution process.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a complete technical system integrating high-fidelity physical simulation and quantitative seepage prevention design. This system should comprehensively consider the coupling effects of multiple factors, including the spatial distribution of gypsum, temperature field, dynamic seepage field, and hydrochemical field, to achieve dynamic simulation of the entire process from recharge, runoff, dissolution to discharge. Furthermore, it should generate optimized seepage prevention schemes that directly guide engineering practice through quantitative prediction. Developing a closed-loop technical system from process simulation to precise design is of significant practical importance and engineering value for overcoming current research bottlenecks, scientifically predicting engineering risks, and ensuring the safety and durability of major infrastructure. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main objective of this invention is to provide a seepage prevention design method for gypsum rock reservoir areas.

[0008] Another objective of this invention is to propose a seepage prevention design system for gypsum rock reservoirs.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention proposes a seepage prevention design method for gypsum rock reservoir areas, comprising:

[0010] The vertical zonation characteristics of gypsum rocks in the target reservoir area were obtained and hydrogeological zoning was carried out. For each zoning, a sequence of physical samples representing different gypsum morphologies in vertical zonation was prepared. The physical sample sequence was loaded into a multi-field coupled physical simulation system. The temperature field of each vertical zone was set to simulate the geothermal gradient, and the seepage velocity of each zone was controlled to simulate the dynamic seepage field driven by reservoir water level changes. Water-rock interaction cycle test was carried out and the data of dissolution products were monitored online. Based on the data of the dissolved products, the cumulative chemical dissolution mass, physical erosion contribution rate and total dissolved flux are calculated, and then the lateral leakage contribution rate and latent erosion intensity index are determined, key latent erosion areas and dominant leakage path networks are identified, and a three-dimensional leakage risk prediction map of the reservoir area is generated. Based on the three-dimensional leakage risk prediction map of the reservoir area, the differentiated baseline elevation of the seepage prevention curtain in different zones is determined, and the layout density of the seepage prevention curtain is adjusted according to the planar distribution of the dominant leakage path network to generate an optimized design scheme for the three-dimensional seepage prevention curtain.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining the vertical zonation characteristics of gypsum rocks in the target reservoir area and performing hydrogeological zoning, and preparing a sequence of physical samples representing different vertical zonation gypsum morphologies for each zone, includes: Integrate the survey data of the target reservoir area, divide the reservoir basin and reservoir bank into hydrogeological zones based on topography, geological structure and hydrogeological conditions, and summarize the vertical zonation characteristics of gypsum. For representative geological profiles within each zone, physical samples retaining their original morphological characteristics are obtained or prepared from the shallow dispersed zone, the central enriched zone, and the deep layered zone, thus forming multiple sets of physical sample sequences corresponding to different spatial locations to reflect the three-dimensional geological structure physical prototype of the gypsum rock distribution in the reservoir area.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, controlling the seepage velocity of each zone to simulate the dynamic seepage field driven by reservoir water level changes includes: Based on the target reservoir operation and scheduling data and hydrogeological calculations, the range of groundwater seepage velocity variation at different depths in each zone under the periodic fluctuation of reservoir water level was determined. A layered target seepage velocity program with time as a function is preset in the central controller. The flow control valves of each layer are dynamically adjusted through real-time flow feedback so that the seepage velocity of each sample strictly follows the preset program, thereby directly simulating the dynamic process of seepage field driven by reservoir water level changes.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the calculation of the cumulative chemical dissolution mass, physical erosion contribution rate, and total dissolution flux based on the dissolution product data includes: The real-time dissolution rate contributed by gypsum is calculated based on the net output concentration of characteristic ions in the dissolution products and the total outlet flow rate, and the dissolution amount in each time period is summed to obtain the cumulative chemical dissolution mass. The difference in the weighing mass of the core samples before and after the experiment was used as the absolute benchmark value of the total mass loss. The contribution rate of physical erosion was calculated by comparing the cumulative chemical dissolution mass with the difference in weighing mass. Based on the net output concentration of characteristic ions in the dissolution products, the mineral dissolution flux of each mineral is calculated and summed to obtain the total dissolution flux of each outlet.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, further determining the lateral leakage contribution rate and the erosion intensity index includes: The lateral leakage contribution rate is calculated based on the ratio of the total dissolution flux at the lateral outlets to the sum of the total dissolution flux at all outlets, in order to reflect the main migration direction of dissolved substances. By combining the cumulative chemical dissolution mass and the peak total chemical corrosion rate, a latent corrosion intensity index is obtained through weighted calculation to quantify the degree of latent corrosion risk at different spatial locations.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, identifying the critical erosion zone and the dominant leakage path network includes: All samples are sorted according to the calculated latent corrosion intensity index. Samples with latent corrosion intensity index greater than or equal to the preset high-risk threshold are identified as key latent corrosion areas or key latent corrosion layers, and samples with latent corrosion intensity index in the preset medium-risk range are identified as key concern areas or key concern layers. By combining the contribution rate of lateral leakage, the main migration direction of the dissolution products can be determined, and the dominant lateral leakage path or vertical leakage path can be identified.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, determining the differentiated baseline elevation of the seepage prevention curtain for different zones based on the three-dimensional leakage risk prediction map of the reservoir area includes: Based on the burial depth of the key erosion layer identified below the different zones on the plane, the differential and non-uniform bottom line elevation of the seepage prevention curtain is determined, and the bottom line of the seepage prevention curtain is set below the key erosion layer to effectively seal the high-risk layer.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, adjusting the density of the impermeable curtain according to the planar distribution of the dominant seepage path network includes: Based on the predicted planar distribution and intersection of the dominant leakage path network, reinforced curtain deployment measures are adopted in areas where paths are concentrated or at key intersections, while the deployment is appropriately simplified in areas where paths are sparse or the risk is low. The final output is an optimized design scheme for the reservoir area's three-dimensional seepage prevention curtain with zoning quantitative design parameters.

[0018] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of the present invention provides a seepage prevention design system for gypsum rock reservoirs, comprising: The layered structure simulation unit consists of multiple vertically connected columnar reactors. Each reactor represents a geological zonation layer with a specific gypsum morphology. Each reactor has an integrated independent temperature control module on its outer wall to simulate the geothermal gradient that varies with depth. The dynamic seepage simulation unit includes a constant pressure water supply device and a downward seepage outlet at the bottom of each reactor and a lateral discharge outlet on the side. Each outlet is equipped with a flow control valve and a flow sensor to control and distribute the vertical downward seepage and lateral discharge ratio of water flow in each layer. The entire process online monitoring unit includes online water quality monitoring probes deployed in constant pressure water tanks, inlet of each reactor, infiltration outlet and lateral discharge outlet, for real-time monitoring of hydrochemical parameters related to dissolution products; The central control and data acquisition unit is used to coordinate the flow velocity changes caused by the periodic changes in the reservoir water level, set experimental parameters, execute control commands, and simultaneously collect, store, and process data from various sensors.

[0019] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of this application provides a computer device comprising a processor and a memory; wherein the processor runs a program corresponding to the executable program code stored in the memory, for implementing a gypsum rock reservoir seepage prevention design method as described in the first aspect embodiment.

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: This invention achieves a leap from material testing to geological process simulation by reconstructing the vertical zonation and multi-field coupling environment of gypsum with high fidelity through a physical simulation system; it provides a forward-looking quantitative basis for seepage prevention design based on a three-dimensional dynamic prediction map of leakage risk, realizing a paradigm shift from static experience to dynamic prediction; through online monitoring of all parameters and decomposition of mineral contributions, it quantitatively distinguishes the dissolution contributions of different minerals and comprehensively characterizes the dissolution mechanism; it forms a standardized and replicable complete technical system that can be extended to the assessment and prevention of engineering leakage disasters in other easily soluble rock strata areas. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a seepage prevention design method for a gypsum rock reservoir area, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the layered multi-field coupled rock mass dissolution-seepage simulation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A structural diagram of a gypsum rock reservoir seepage prevention design system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an internal configuration diagram of the online monitoring unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The following describes a seepage prevention design method and system for gypsum rock reservoirs according to an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Example 1 This embodiment provides a seepage prevention design method for gypsum rock reservoir areas, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the vertical zonation characteristics of gypsum rocks in the target reservoir area and divide them into hydrogeological zones. Prepare physical sample sequences representing different gypsum morphologies in each zone.

[0026] Specifically, by integrating exploration data from the target reservoir area, the vertical zonation characteristics of gypsum were systematically summarized, and hydrogeological zones were established for the reservoir basin and banks based on topography, geological structure, and hydrogeological conditions. For representative geological profiles within each zone, physical samples (cores) retaining their original morphological characteristics were obtained or prepared from each vertical zone (e.g., shallow dispersed zone, central enriched zone, deep layered zone), thus forming multiple sequences of physical samples corresponding to different spatial locations. These sequences collectively constitute the physical prototype of the three-dimensional geological structure reflecting the distribution of gypsum-bearing rocks in the reservoir area. The shallow dispersed zone corresponds to standard cores of speckled gypsum-bearing rocks, the central enriched zone corresponds to standard cores of massive and thin-layered gypsum-bearing rocks, and the deep layered zone corresponds to standard cores of thick-layered gypsum-bearing rocks, ensuring that the gypsum morphology, content, and cementation characteristics of the samples are consistent with the corresponding stratigraphic layers in the field.

[0027] S2, the physical sample sequence is loaded into a multi-field coupled physical simulation system, the temperature field of each vertical zone is set to simulate the geothermal gradient, and the seepage velocity of each zone is controlled to simulate the dynamic seepage field driven by reservoir water level changes. Water-rock interaction cycle test is carried out and the data of dissolution products are monitored online.

[0028] Specifically, multiple physical sample sequences prepared by S1 were loaded into the physical simulation system. For each sample sequence, based on the actual geothermal gradient of its corresponding reservoir zone, different constant temperatures were set for each vertical zonal reaction column in the system to physically reconstruct the underground temperature field.

[0029] The simulation of the seepage field is achieved through one of the following two equivalent paths: Path A (Direct Velocity Control Method): Based on the target reservoir's operation and scheduling data and hydrogeological calculations, the range of groundwater seepage velocity variations at different depths (corresponding to vertical zones) in each zone under periodic reservoir water level fluctuations is determined. According to Darcy's law, groundwater velocities at different zones and depths are obtained through analytical calculations or by 3D geological modeling and seepage field simulation. A layered target seepage velocity program, a function of time, is preset in the central controller. During the experiment, the system dynamically adjusts the flow control valves at each layer through real-time flow feedback, ensuring that the seepage velocity of the samples passing through each zone strictly follows the preset program, thereby directly simulating the dynamic process of the seepage field driven by reservoir water level fluctuations.

[0030] Path B (Dynamic Head Driven Method): Through a programmable variable pressure water supply unit, the system inlet water pressure is periodically changed according to the reservoir water level-time function, thereby stimulating a changing seepage field in the sample. The system monitors and records the resulting changes in flow velocity at each layer.

[0031] Regardless of the seepage simulation path used, it operates synchronously with an independently controlled temperature field (geothermal gradient) and an online hydrochemical monitoring field, together forming a physical simulation of the reservoir's multi-field coupled environment of "temperature-seepage-chemistry". The system conducts long-term coupled cycle tests and records the dynamic data of ion flux in each zone at different temperatures and flow rates throughout the process.

[0032] To achieve accurate simulation of the flow direction (lateral and infiltration) at each stratum, the lateral flow split ratio needs to be determined based on the hydrogeological conditions of the target reservoir area. , defined as the ratio of the flow rate at the lateral discharge outlet to the total outlet flow rate:

[0033] in, For the first Flow rate at the side drain outlet of the layer, For the first Total outlet flow rate (sum of lateral and downward infiltration). Total outlet flow rate Calculated based on Darcy flow velocity and effective porosity of the sample:

[0034] in, For the first The target Darcy velocity (m / d) for each layer was determined through hydrogeological calculations or numerical simulations. The cross-sectional area of ​​the sample is (m²). For the first The effective porosity of the layer sample is dimensionless and is determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, or empirical lithology; 1000 is the unit conversion factor for converting m³ / d to L / d.

[0035] Lateral split ratio The criteria for determining this are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Lateral split ratio Basis for determination

[0037] In actual experiments, The values ​​can be selected based on the above criteria and can be kept constant or dynamically changed over time during the experiment (e.g., simulating the redistribution of the seepage field caused by reservoir water level fluctuations). For each sample, the lateral flow rate and the infiltration flow rate are determined by the following formulas: Lateral flow:

[0038] Infiltration flow rate:

[0039] S3. Based on the data of the dissolved products, calculate the cumulative chemical dissolution mass, physical erosion contribution rate and total dissolution flux, and then determine the lateral leakage contribution rate and latent erosion intensity index, identify key latent erosion areas and dominant leakage path networks, and generate a three-dimensional leakage risk prediction map of the reservoir area.

[0040] Specifically, based on the monitoring data from all spatially deployed experiments, an integrated analysis is performed, including the following steps: (1) Calculation of dissolution rate contributed by minerals.

[0041] The real-time erosion rate contributed by gypsum is calculated using the following formula:

[0042] The total chemical dissolution rate is calculated using the following formula:

[0043] The cumulative chemically dissolved mass is calculated using the following formula:

[0044] in, For the first Real-time chemical dissolution rate of gypsum at time t for a sample, in g / (m²·d); For the first The real-time chemical dissolution rate of all minerals in a sample at time t, in g / (m²·d); For the first The real-time chemical dissolution rate of minerals other than gypsum for each sample at time t, in g / (m²·d); For the first The total mass loss of a sample due to chemical dissolution during the entire experiment is expressed in g. For the first The net output concentration of sulfate ions for a sample at time t, i.e., the outlet concentration minus the inlet concentration, in mg / L; For the first The total outlet flow rate of each sample at time t (the sum of the flow rates at the infiltration outlet and the lateral discharge outlet) is expressed in L / d. For the first The cross-sectional area of ​​each sample, in m²; The time length of the kth sampling interval is expressed in days. The total amount of dissolution is obtained by summing the dissolution amounts in each time period.

[0045] (2) Calculation of physical erosion contribution rate.

[0046] Before and after the experiment, all core samples were dried at a constant temperature (40°C to constant weight) and accurately weighed, and the mass change was recorded. (g) serves as the absolute baseline value for total mass loss. The cumulative chemically dissolved mass calculated from water chemical monitoring is used. Total loss due to weighing Compare and calculate the contribution rate of physical erosion. :

[0047] in, For the first The physical erosion contribution rate of each sample represents the proportion of total mass loss caused by physical erosion (including water flow scouring, particle shedding, etc.) and unmonitored mineral dissolution. For the first The difference in mass of a sample before and after the experiment (initial mass minus the mass after the experiment), in g; : Cumulative chemically dissolved mass calculated by summing up the water chemistry monitoring data over time periods throughout the entire process, in grams.

[0048] according to The value can be judged as follows: If ≤10% indicates that the mass loss is mainly due to chemical dissolution, and the water chemistry monitoring covers the main soluble minerals, making the data reliable; if 10% < ≤25% indicates some physical erosion or dissolution of a small amount of special minerals, which needs to be interpreted in conjunction with mineral composition analysis; if ≥25% indicates significant physical erosion or extreme conditions exceeding the normal monitoring range (such as the dissolution of trace amounts of special minerals, dispersion of clay minerals due to hydration, or abnormal experimental procedures). In such cases, it is necessary to investigate the cause using methods such as full analysis of core mineral composition and scanning electron microscopy, and to adjust the experimental flow rate or supplement specific tests based on the importance of the project; if If the value is less than 0, it is necessary to check whether there are any deviations in the calibration and data acquisition of the ion monitoring system. The quantitative results of the physical erosion contribution rate can serve as an auxiliary indicator for evaluating the stability of rock mass structures and assessing the risk of seepage failure.

[0049] (3) Calculation of mineral saturation index.

[0050] Using geochemical simulation software, the saturation index (SI) of each mineral was calculated based on total ion data. The changing trend of SI was monitored in real time to determine the evolution of the dissolution driving force. The saturation index was calculated using the following formula:

[0051] Wherein, IAP is the activity product, and its value is the ion activity coefficient. With component concentration The product of K and K; K is the equilibrium index of a mineral at a certain temperature.

[0052] (4) Calculation of flux of dissolution products.

[0053] The calculation of dissolution product flux is divided into three levels: first, the dissolution flux of each mineral is calculated separately, then the total dissolution flux of each outlet is summed, and finally the lateral leakage contribution rate is calculated based on the total flux to determine the dominant migration direction of dissolved substances.

[0054] (4.1) Calculation of mineral dissolution flux.

[0055] Calculate the first one respectively Dissolution flux of different minerals at each outlet of each sample:

[0056]

[0057] Where m represents the mineral type, including gypsum, calcite, dolomite, rock salt, etc. and For the first The mineral dissolution flux m at time t of each sample lateral discharge port and infiltration outlet is expressed in g / d, representing the mass of the mineral dissolved by each outlet per unit time. , The net output concentration of tracer ions at the lateral discharge outlet and the infiltration outlet (outlet concentration minus inlet concentration) is expressed in mg / L. The selection of tracer ions for different minerals is shown in Table 1. is the conversion factor for mineral m, with units of g mineral / g ion. It is used to convert the mass of tracer ions into the mass of minerals. Commonly used values ​​are shown in Table 1. , The flow rate is measured at the lateral discharge outlet and the infiltration outlet, in L / d. Use the unit conversion factor to convert mg to g.

[0058] The tracer ions and conversion factors for each mineral are shown in Table 2.

[0059] Table 2. Tracer ions and conversion factors for each mineral

[0060] (4.2) Calculation of total dissolution flux.

[0061] The total dissolution flux at the lateral discharge port of the i-th sample is the sum of the fluxes of each mineral:

[0062] in, The total dissolution flux at the lateral outlet is denoted by g / d for the i-th sample at time t, representing the total mass of all dissolved minerals flowing out through the lateral outlet per unit time.

[0063] The total dissolution flux at the infiltration outlet is:

[0064] in, The total dissolution flux at the outlet at time t of the i-th sample is expressed in g / d.

[0065] (4.3) Calculation of lateral leakage contribution rate Lateral leakage contribution rate is defined as the proportion of the total dissolution flux at lateral outlets to the total dissolution flux at all outlets:

[0066] in, : The lateral leakage contribution rate at time t of the i-th sample reflects the main migration direction of dissolved substances in that layer.

[0067] Formula Explanation: This formula uses the total dissolution flux rather than the flux of a single mineral for calculation. Its engineering significance lies in determining the direction in which the dissolved substances in this layer mainly migrate, whether they flow laterally to the adjacent valley (which may cause seepage around the dam) or seep vertically into the deep aquifer.

[0068] If the lateral contribution rate is calculated using only the flux of a single mineral (such as gypsum), it may lead to misjudgment, as shown in Table 3.

[0069] Table 3 Misjudgments based solely on gypsum flux

[0070] Therefore, the lateral leakage contribution rate must be calculated based on the total dissolution flux to accurately reflect the actual migration direction of dissolved substances and provide a reliable basis for seepage prevention design. While this system has the capability to calculate the flux of each mineral separately, the total flux is obtained through summation in this step precisely to meet this engineering requirement.

[0071] according to The value can be used to assess leakage risk: like >50%: This indicates that the dissolution products in this layer mainly migrate laterally, suggesting a potential laterally dominant leakage path; like ≤50%: This indicates that the dissolution products mainly migrate along the vertical downward seepage direction, pointing towards the deep aquifer; (5) Identification of key erosion zones and key erosion layers Based on all sample data, the undercut strength index is defined. for:

[0072] in, Let be the latent corrosion intensity index of the i-th sample, which is dimensionless and ranges from [0,1], and is used to comprehensively evaluate the corrosion risk of this spatial location and vertical layer. The cumulative chemical dissolution mass of the i-th sample is expressed in grams. This represents the maximum cumulative dissolution amount across all samples, expressed in grams, and is used for normalization. The peak total chemical dissolution rate of the i-th sample during the experiment is expressed in g / (m²·d). The maximum value of the peak dissolution rate among all samples, expressed in g / (m²·d), is used for normalization.

[0073] The weighting coefficients satisfy + =1, selected based on the key focus of the project, as shown in Table 4.

[0074] Table 4. Basis for selecting weighting coefficients

[0075] Methods for determining weighting coefficients include empirical methods, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), or engineering analogy.

[0076] according to All samples were sorted according to the criteria shown in Table 5.

[0077] Table 5 Judgment Criteria

[0078] (6) Generation of three-dimensional risk prediction map.

[0079] The calculated cumulative dissolution amount , corrosion intensity index Lateral contribution rate Physical erosion contribution rate These parameters are used as attribute values ​​and mapped to the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir area through spatial interpolation methods (such as Kriging interpolation) to generate a "three-dimensional distribution map of the reservoir area's dissolution development potential" and a "network evolution trend map of dominant seepage paths".

[0080] S4. Based on the three-dimensional leakage risk prediction map of the reservoir area, determine the differentiated bottom line elevation of the seepage prevention curtain in different zones, and adjust the layout density of the seepage prevention curtain according to the planar distribution of the dominant leakage path network to generate an optimized design scheme for the three-dimensional seepage prevention curtain.

[0081] Vertical precision control: Based on the burial depth of the "key erosion layer" below different zones on the plane, the differential and non-uniform bottom elevation of the seepage prevention curtain is determined to achieve effective sealing of high-risk layers, while optimizing the depth in low-risk areas.

[0082] Precise planar layout: Based on the predicted planar layout of the "dominant leakage path network", the curtain is strengthened in areas where paths are concentrated or intersecting (e.g., by increasing thickness or raising grouting standards), while the layout can be appropriately simplified in areas where paths are sparse or the risk is low.

[0083] Solution generation: The final output is a set of optimized design schemes and construction guidance drawings for the reservoir area's three-dimensional seepage prevention curtain, which are precisely matched with the three-dimensional risk pattern of the reservoir area and include zoning quantitative design parameters.

[0084] Example 2 This invention also provides a method for predicting leakage risk and designing seepage prevention in the upper reservoir area of ​​a pumped storage power station in southern Sichuan. This embodiment uses the upper reservoir area of ​​a pumped storage power station in southern Sichuan as the application object. The Cretaceous red beds in this reservoir area widely contain gypsum rocks with typical vertical zonation characteristics. Specifically, the system and method described in this invention are applied to dynamically predict leakage risk and design seepage prevention, as follows: (1) Geological structure zoning analysis and physical sample sequence preparation in the reservoir area.

[0085] This study integrates engineering geological survey reports, borehole core samples, hydrogeological tests, and previous research findings for the target reservoir area. Analysis confirms a clear vertical zonation of gypsum rocks in the reservoir area: the shallow strata feature a zone of speckled gypsum rocks; the middle strata contain a zone of massive and thin-layered gypsum rocks; and the deep strata contain thick-layered gypsum rocks. Planarly, based on topography, geological structure, and groundwater recharge and drainage conditions, the reservoir basin and banks are divided into several representative hydrogeological units.

[0086] Based on the above division, standardized core samples conforming to the three vertical zoning characteristics were collected or prepared using similar materials from representative boreholes in each unit. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed on all collected core samples, combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to identify their main soluble mineral composition. The analysis results showed that the soluble minerals in the cores of the study area were mainly gypsum, calcite, dolomite, and a small amount of rock salt, without other sulfate minerals such as mirabilite. Based on the above mineral analysis results, standardized core samples (8 cm in diameter, 10 cm in height) were prepared, including "spotted gypsum rock standard cores," "massive gypsum rock standard cores," and "thick-layered gypsum rock standard cores," ensuring that their gypsum morphology, content, and cementation characteristics were consistent with the corresponding stratigraphic layers in the field. Finally, several sets of physical sample sequences containing samples of the three vertical zoning characteristics were prepared for each hydrogeological unit.

[0087] (2) Physical simulation experiment of water-rock interaction process based on spatial layout.

[0088] Multiple sets of physical sample sequences are respectively loaded into the hierarchical multi-field coupled physical simulation system described in this invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown. The three samples of each sequence are placed in three independently temperature-controlled reaction columns (11) connected in vertical series, representing the three vertical zones of light, medium and dark, respectively.

[0089] Temperature field simulation: Based on the geothermal gradient data of the reservoir area, different constant temperatures are set for the constant temperature control module (5) of each reaction column to physically reconstruct the underground temperature field from shallow to deep.

[0090] Seepage field simulation: Path A (direct velocity control method) was adopted. Based on the operation and scheduling scheme of the pumped storage power station and the analysis of hydrogeological parameters of the study area, the variation range of groundwater seepage velocity at different depths in each unit under periodic changes in reservoir water level was determined (by calculating using Darcy's law analytical method or by using three-dimensional geological modeling and seepage field simulation to obtain groundwater flow velocities at different zones and depths).

[0091] Flow distribution calculations were performed using a sample from the central part of a thin ridge area on the left bank as an example: Based on the results of previous pressure water tests, the horizontal permeability coefficient K of this layer is... h =0.15m / d, vertical permeability coefficient K v =0.05m / d, K h / K v =3 indicates that there is significant permeability anisotropy in this stratum, with stronger horizontal water conductivity; in addition, geological mapping shows that this stratum has bedding-parallel fractures that dip towards the adjacent valley, providing an advantageous channel for lateral seepage. Determine the lateral split ratio comprehensively =0.6, meaning that lateral flow accounts for 60% of the total flow and infiltration flow accounts for 40%.

[0092] According to the preset flow rate program, on day 30, the total flow rate at this layer is v = 0.1 m / d, the sample diameter is 8 cm, and the cross-sectional area is A = 0.005027 m². 2 The effective porosity was measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry. =0.1. Calculate the total flow rate: =0.05027 L / d, lateral and infiltration flow rates are allocated according to the split ratio: Q lateral =0.03016L / d, Q down =0.02011L / d.

[0093] A time-dependent target seepage velocity program is preset in the central controller (10). During the experiment, the system dynamically adjusts the flow control valves of each layer through real-time flow feedback, so that the seepage velocity of the sample passing through each zone strictly follows the preset program, thereby directly simulating the dynamic process of the unsteady seepage field driven by the change of reservoir water level.

[0094] Experiment and monitoring: Deionized water was used to simulate atmospheric precipitation or reservoir water replenishment, and water was supplied to the system through a constant pressure water supply unit (1). A long-term circulation test was initiated (simulating 90 days of engineering operation). The K of each reaction column inlet, infiltration outlet and lateral discharge outlet was monitored in real time and continuously through the online monitoring unit (7). + Na + Ca² + Mg² + SO4² - Cl - HCO3 - / CO3² - Concentration, pH, and conductivity were recorded. The central controller synchronously recorded flow rate and ion flux data for each layer, with sampling occurring every two days, for a total of n=45 sampling data points. Before and after the experiment, all core samples were dried at a constant temperature (40°C to constant weight) and precisely weighed, with the mass change ΔW recorded. i (g).

[0095] (3) Integration of dynamic evolution prediction and visualization of three-dimensional leakage risk.

[0096] Integrated analysis was performed on the monitoring data from all spatially deployed experiments: Ion balance verification: The balance error of anions and cations was calculated. The balance error of all data points was less than 5%, which met the calculation requirements.

[0097] Calculation of gypsum dissolution rate: Taking a blocky gypsum sample from the middle of a thin ridge on the left bank as an example, based on SO4² -Net output flux calculation of gypsum erosion rate at different times for each sample The results show that the dissolution rate of the sample increased significantly during the stage of increased flow velocity, reflecting the response characteristics of gypsum dissolution in this layer to changes in hydrodynamic conditions.

[0098] Cumulative chemical dissolution mass calculation: using summation form Calculate the cumulative chemical dissolution mass of each sample. Taking the sample from the central part of the thin ridge area on the left bank as an example, n=45 samplings were conducted. =2 days, summed up to obtain the cumulative dissolution amount during the 90-day test period. .

[0099] Calculation of physical erosion contribution rate: Compare with the cumulative chemically dissolved mass calculated by water chemistry. The physical erosion contribution rate was calculated based on the mass difference ΔW of the samples before and after the test. .

[0100] Saturation index calculation: The saturation index of each mineral was calculated using PHREEQC. The results showed that the saturation index SI of the shallow sample gypsum was <0, indicating that it was in an unsaturated state; the SI of the deep sample gypsum was close to 0, indicating that it was close to the dissolution-precipitation equilibrium.

[0101] Mineral dissolution flux calculation: Based on the outlet ion concentration of each sample, the dissolution flux of different minerals is calculated. Taking the monitoring data of the sample in the central part of the thin ridge area on the left bank on day 30 as an example: Lateral exit: Δ[SO4] 2- ] = 850 mg / L, Δ[HCO3] - ] = 120 mg / L, Δ[Cl - ] = 15 mg / L, Δ[Mg 2+ ] = 4 mg / L, Δ[Na + ] = 9.74 mg / L, Q lateral =0.03016L / d.

[0102] Substitution The calculated fluxes are: gypsum 0.0459 g / d, calcite 0.00594 g / d, rock salt 0.00075 g / d, and dolomite 0.00092 g / d.

[0103] Lateral exit total flux F lateral =0.0459+0.00594+0.00075+0.00092=0.05351g / d; Infiltration outlet: Δ[SO4] 2- ] = 820 mg / L, Δ[HCO3] - ] = 95 mg / L, Δ[Cl - ] = 12 mg / L, Δ[Mg2+ ] = 3 mg / L, Δ[Na + ] = 7.79 mg / L, Q down =0.02011L / d.

[0104] Substitution The calculated fluxes are: gypsum 0.0295 g / d, calcite 0.00314 g / d, rock salt 0.0004 g / d, and dolomite 0.00046 g / d.

[0105] Total flux F at the infiltration outlet down =0.0295+0.00314+0.00040+0.00046=0.0335g / d.

[0106] Lateral leakage contribution rate calculation: η=0.05351 / (0.05351+0.0335)×100%=61.5%, indicating that the dissolution products in this layer mainly migrate laterally, pointing towards the adjacent valley.

[0107] Key risk areas and path identification: Comprehensive calculation of the erosion intensity index P i (Pick =0.7, =0.3), P of the sample from the thin ridge area on the left bank i A value >0.85 was identified as a "critical latent corrosion zone," with the central massive gypsum layer identified as a "critical latent corrosion layer." Dissolution products primarily migrated along the lateral drainage direction of this layer, clarifying a potential dominant lateral leakage path. It should be noted that as the dissolution test progresses, after shallow dissolution is completed, deeper layers may experience accelerated dissolution. Therefore, the identification results of "critical latent corrosion zones / layers" need to be dynamically adjusted in conjunction with the entire dissolution evolution process to reflect the dynamic prediction characteristics of this method.

[0108] Three-dimensional risk prediction map generation: The parameters such as the cumulative dissolution amount, latent corrosion intensity index, lateral contribution rate, and physical erosion contribution rate of all samples in the entire reservoir area are spatially interpolated and mapped to the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir area to generate a "three-dimensional cloud map of the dissolution development potential of the reservoir area" and a "network evolution trend map of the dominant leakage path".

[0109] (4) Three-dimensional optimization design of anti-seepage curtain.

[0110] Based directly on the aforementioned three-dimensional risk prediction map, a targeted and differentiated three-dimensional seepage prevention design is carried out: Vertical precision control: Based on the burial depth of the "key erosion layer" below different zones on the plane, the differential and non-uniform bottom elevation of the seepage prevention curtain is determined to effectively seal the high-risk layer, while optimizing the depth in the low-risk zone to avoid "one-size-fits-all".

[0111] Precise planar layout: Based on the predicted planar distribution and intersection of the "dominant leakage path network", the curtain design is strengthened in areas where paths are concentrated or at key intersections (such as increasing the density of grouting holes and raising the grout strength standard), while it can be appropriately simplified in areas where paths are sparse or the risk is low.

[0112] Solution Generation: Based on the above principles, output a set of optimized design schemes for the reservoir area's three-dimensional seepage prevention curtain, which is precisely matched with the three-dimensional risks of the reservoir area and includes zonal quantitative design parameters (such as the bottom elevation of the curtain, the spacing of the holes, the grouting pressure, etc.) and corresponding construction guidance drawings.

[0113] This embodiment successfully transforms the geological understanding of the vertical zonation of gypsum in the reservoir area into a quantifiable physical experiment, ultimately generating a precise seepage prevention scheme to guide engineering practice. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional static evaluation, designing based on dynamic evolution prediction. It is expected to significantly optimize the amount of seepage prevention work and improve investment efficiency while ensuring project safety. This confirms that the present invention can effectively solve the core bottlenecks of "difficult prediction" and "rough design" in the leakage evaluation of gypsum rock reservoir areas.

[0114] Example 3 This invention also provides a seepage prevention design system for gypsum rock reservoir areas, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the system includes: The layered structure simulation unit consists of multiple vertically connected columnar reactors (11), each reactor (11) representing a geological zonation layer with a specific gypsum morphology, used to contain core samples (6) representing vertical zonations of different gypsum morphologies. Each reactor (11) has an independent isothermal control module (5) integrated on its outer wall to simulate the geothermal gradient that varies with depth.

[0115] The dynamic seepage simulation unit includes a constant pressure water supply unit (1), and a downward seepage outlet at the bottom and a lateral discharge outlet on the side of each reactor (11). Each outlet is equipped with a high-precision flow control valve (2) and a flow sensor (3), which are connected to a water collection tank (8) through a water supply pipe (9) to accurately control and allocate the vertical downward seepage and lateral discharge ratio of water flow in each layer, thereby simulating the complex migration path of reservoir water in heterogeneous rock mass.

[0116] The whole process online monitoring unit includes online water quality monitoring probes (7) deployed at the outlet of the constant pressure water supply unit (1), the inlet of each reactor (11), the infiltration outlet and the lateral discharge outlet, for real-time monitoring of hydrochemical parameters related to the dissolution products.

[0117] like Figure 4The diagram shows the internal structure of the online monitoring unit 7. This unit is an integrated design, with core sensing elements including: a conventional anion detection probe (7-1), a conventional cation detection probe (7-2), an online alkalinity titration unit (7-3), a pH composite electrode (7-4), a conductivity sensor (7-5), and a temperature sensor (7-6). This design ensures that key hydrochemical and physical parameters such as calcium ion concentration, sulfate ion concentration, pH value, conductivity, and temperature can be acquired synchronously, in situ, and continuously as the solution flows through the monitoring point, providing a real-time data source for accurate calculation of dissolution flux. The conventional anion and cation detection probes, as integrated modules, achieve full coverage monitoring of major ions.

[0118] The central control and data acquisition unit (10) is connected to the constant temperature control module (5), flow control valve (2), flow sensor (3) and online water quality monitoring probe (7) in the above units. It is used to coordinate the flow rate changes caused by the periodic changes in the reservoir water level, set experimental parameters (such as flow program), automatically execute control commands, and synchronously collect, store and process data from each sensor.

[0119] This system simulates geothermal gradients through an independent temperature control module (5) and simulates complex seepage paths through controllable infiltration and lateral discharge outlets, thereby physically reconstructing the hydrogeological environment of the reservoir area in the laboratory. Based on this system, the seepage prevention design method for gypsum rock reservoir areas as described in Example 1 can be implemented, realizing a complete technical closed loop from geological process simulation to precise seepage prevention design.

[0120] Example 4 To implement the methods of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor; wherein the processor runs a program corresponding to the executable program code by reading executable program code stored in the memory, so as to implement the various steps of the methods described above.

[0121] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0122] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0123] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

Claims

1. A method for seepage prevention design in gypsum rock reservoir areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The vertical zonation characteristics of gypsum rocks in the target reservoir area were obtained and hydrogeological zoning was carried out. For each zoning, a sequence of physical samples representing different gypsum morphologies in vertical zonation was prepared. The physical sample sequence was loaded into a multi-field coupled physical simulation system. The temperature field of each vertical zone was set to simulate the geothermal gradient, and the seepage velocity of each zone was controlled to simulate the dynamic seepage field driven by reservoir water level changes. Water-rock interaction cycle test was carried out and the data of dissolution products were monitored online. Based on the data of the dissolved products, the cumulative chemical dissolution mass, physical erosion contribution rate and total dissolved flux are calculated, and then the lateral leakage contribution rate and latent erosion intensity index are determined, key latent erosion areas and dominant leakage path networks are identified, and a three-dimensional leakage risk prediction map of the reservoir area is generated. Based on the three-dimensional leakage risk prediction map of the reservoir area, the differentiated baseline elevation of the seepage prevention curtain in different zones is determined, and the layout density of the seepage prevention curtain is adjusted according to the planar distribution of the dominant leakage path network to generate an optimized design scheme for the three-dimensional seepage prevention curtain.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves obtaining the vertical zonation characteristics of gypsum rocks in the target reservoir area and dividing them into hydrogeological zones. For each zone, a sequence of physical samples representing different vertical zonation gypsum morphologies is prepared, including: Integrate the survey data of the target reservoir area, divide the reservoir basin and reservoir bank into hydrogeological zones based on topography, geological structure and hydrogeological conditions, and summarize the vertical zonation characteristics of gypsum. For representative geological profiles within each zone, physical samples retaining their original morphological characteristics are obtained or prepared from the shallow dispersed zone, the central enriched zone, and the deep layered zone, thus forming multiple sets of physical sample sequences corresponding to different spatial locations to reflect the three-dimensional geological structure physical prototype of the gypsum rock distribution in the reservoir area.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control of the seepage velocity in each zone to simulate the dynamic seepage field driven by reservoir water level changes includes: Based on the target reservoir operation and scheduling data and hydrogeological calculations, the range of groundwater seepage velocity variation at different depths in each zone under the periodic fluctuation of reservoir water level was determined. A layered target seepage velocity program with time as a function is preset in the central controller. The flow control valves of each layer are dynamically adjusted through real-time flow feedback so that the seepage velocity of each sample strictly follows the preset program, thereby directly simulating the dynamic process of seepage field driven by reservoir water level changes.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of cumulative chemical dissolution mass, physical erosion contribution rate, and total dissolution flux based on the dissolution product data includes: The real-time dissolution rate contributed by gypsum is calculated based on the net output concentration of characteristic ions in the dissolution products and the total outlet flow rate, and the dissolution amount in each time period is summed to obtain the cumulative chemical dissolution mass. The difference in the weighing mass of the core samples before and after the experiment was used as the absolute benchmark value of the total mass loss. The contribution rate of physical erosion was calculated by comparing the cumulative chemical dissolution mass with the difference in weighing mass. Based on the net output concentration of characteristic ions in the dissolution products, the mineral dissolution flux of each mineral is calculated and summed to obtain the total dissolution flux of each outlet.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the lateral leakage contribution rate and the latent erosion intensity index includes: The lateral leakage contribution rate is calculated based on the ratio of the total dissolution flux at the lateral outlets to the sum of the total dissolution flux at all outlets, in order to reflect the main migration direction of dissolved substances. By combining the cumulative chemical dissolution mass and the peak total chemical corrosion rate, a latent corrosion intensity index is obtained through weighted calculation to quantify the degree of latent corrosion risk at different spatial locations.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The identification of key erosion zones and dominant leakage path networks includes: All samples are sorted according to the calculated latent corrosion intensity index. Samples with latent corrosion intensity index greater than or equal to the preset high-risk threshold are identified as key latent corrosion areas or key latent corrosion layers, and samples with latent corrosion intensity index in the preset medium-risk range are identified as key concern areas or key concern layers. By combining the contribution rate of lateral leakage, the main migration direction of the dissolution products can be determined, and the dominant lateral leakage path or vertical leakage path can be identified.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the three-dimensional leakage risk prediction map of the reservoir area, the differentiated baseline elevation of the seepage prevention curtain for different zones is determined, including: Based on the burial depth of the key erosion layer identified below the different zones on the plane, the differential and non-uniform bottom line elevation of the seepage prevention curtain is determined, and the bottom line of the seepage prevention curtain is set below the key erosion layer to effectively seal the high-risk layer.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment of the installation density of the seepage barrier curtain according to the planar distribution of the dominant seepage path network includes: Based on the predicted planar distribution and intersection of the dominant leakage path network, reinforced curtain deployment measures are adopted in areas where paths are concentrated or at key intersections, while the deployment is appropriately simplified in areas where paths are sparse or the risk is low. The final output is an optimized design scheme for the reservoir area's three-dimensional seepage prevention curtain with zoning quantitative design parameters.

9. A seepage prevention design system for gypsum rock reservoirs, used to implement any one of the methods of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The layered structure simulation unit consists of multiple vertically connected columnar reactors. Each reactor represents a geological zonation layer with a specific gypsum morphology. Each reactor has an integrated independent temperature control module on its outer wall to simulate the geothermal gradient that varies with depth. The dynamic seepage simulation unit includes a constant pressure water supply device and a downward seepage outlet at the bottom of each reactor and a lateral discharge outlet on the side. Each outlet is equipped with a flow control valve and a flow sensor to control and distribute the vertical downward seepage and lateral discharge ratio of water flow in each layer. The entire process online monitoring unit includes online water quality monitoring probes deployed in constant pressure water tanks, inlet of each reactor, infiltration outlet and lateral discharge outlet, for real-time monitoring of hydrochemical parameters related to dissolution products; The central control and data acquisition unit is used to coordinate the flow velocity changes caused by the periodic changes in the reservoir water level, set experimental parameters, execute control commands, and simultaneously collect, store, and process data from various sensors.

10. A computer device, characterized in that, Including processor and memory; The processor reads executable program code stored in the memory to run a program corresponding to the executable program code, so as to implement a gypsum rock reservoir seepage prevention design method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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