A wind tunnel, a railway signal relay housing, a relay having a variable diameter spiral

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of air duct with variable diameter spiral, railway signal relay shell, relay, and it is related to railway signal equipment technical field, including air duct shell, air duct shell is opened in and passes through air duct shell, air duct includes by outer to inner sequentially communicated first air duct, second air duct, third air duct, the first air duct is straight circular cylinder air duct, second air duct is spiral variable diameter air duct, third air duct is inclined circular cylinder air duct, the cross-sectional area of first air duct is less than the cross-sectional area of second air duct side surface close to first air duct, the cross-sectional area of second air duct spiral cylinder gradually increases from the direction close to first air duct to the direction close to third air duct, the cross-sectional area of third air duct is greater than the cross-sectional area of second air duct side surface close to third air duct.This application is provided with three kinds of diameter different and mutually communicated air duct, and middle section is set to spiral air duct with variable diameter, so that relay shell has ventilation and heat dissipation and protection performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway signaling equipment technology, and in particular to a duct with a variable diameter spiral, a railway signal relay housing, and a relay. Background Technology

[0002] Railway signal relays are core actuators in railway signal control systems, widely used in critical scenarios such as station interlocking and block signaling. Their housings enclose the internal electromagnetic mechanisms and contact systems, providing both mechanical and environmental protection. To balance the air pressure inside and outside the housing and dissipate operating heat, the relay housing typically requires a ventilation structure.

[0003] Currently, some relay housings in the industry feature straight-hole ventilation holes: ventilation is achieved by directly creating equal-diameter axial through holes in the side wall of the housing. This solution has clear technical drawbacks: external dust and moisture can directly enter the housing through the straight holes, easily causing oxidation and corrosion of contacts and a decline in the insulation performance of insulating components over long-term use, severely affecting the reliability of the relay and making it unsuitable for the dusty and humid outdoor conditions along railway lines. Furthermore, equal-diameter straight holes present an inherent contradiction: if the diameter is too large, the protective capacity is insufficient; if the diameter is too small, ventilation is limited and heat dissipation is poor.

[0004] Another ventilation structure involves installing dust filters at the vents, but these filters are prone to accumulating dust and becoming clogged, requiring regular maintenance and cleaning, which significantly increases on-site operation and maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a duct with a variable diameter spiral, a railway signal relay housing, and a relay. By setting three ducts with different diameters that are interconnected, and setting the middle section as a spiral duct with a variable diameter, the relay housing has both ventilation and heat dissipation and protection performance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include: A duct with a variable diameter spiral includes a duct shell, and a duct penetrating the duct shell is formed inside the duct shell. The duct includes a first duct, a second duct, and a third duct that are connected sequentially from the outside to the inside. The first duct is a straight cylindrical duct, the second duct is a spiral variable diameter duct, and the third duct is an oblique cylindrical duct. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first duct is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the side of the second duct closest to the first duct. The cross-sectional area of ​​the spiral cylinder of the second duct gradually increases from the direction closest to the first duct to the direction closest to the third duct. The cross-sectional area of ​​the third duct is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the side of the second duct closest to the third duct. The central axis of the first duct and the central axis of the third duct are skew lines.

[0007] Furthermore, the diameter d1 of the first air duct section is in the range of 1.2≤d1<1.8mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the cross-sectional diameter d of the second air duct on the side closest to the first air duct is... 2上 The range is 1.8 ≤ d 2上 <2mm, the cross-sectional diameter d of the side of the second air duct near the third air duct 2下 The range is 2≤d 2下 <2.2mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the spiral cylinder of the second air duct rotates 0.95 times.

[0010] Furthermore, the diameter d3 of the third air duct section is 2.5 mm, and the inclination angle of the third air duct is 42°.

[0011] Furthermore, the first air duct, the second air duct, and the third air duct are placed inside a cylindrical air duct shell.

[0012] Furthermore, the cylindrical air duct shell has two or three or more sets of variable diameter spiral air ducts.

[0013] A railway signal relay housing with the aforementioned variable diameter spiral duct has a mounting hole on the relay housing that mates with the variable diameter spiral duct housing. The thickness of the variable diameter spiral duct housing is greater than the thickness of the railway signal relay housing connected to it, and the duct housing is fixedly assembled in the mounting hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the thickness of the outer shell of the variable diameter spiral air duct is 4-8mm, and the thickness of the outer shell of the railway signal relay is 2.6mm.

[0015] A railway signal relay having the aforementioned railway signal relay housing.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Graded protection, significantly improved dustproof performance Two-stage protection is achieved through coarse filtration via an external aperture and fine filtration via a spiral duct: the small-diameter external port directly blocks large particles of debris, while the gradually expanding spiral duct separates fine dust and droplets through centrifugal deceleration. Compared to straight-hole vents of the same specifications, the dust blocking rate and waterproof performance are significantly improved, reducing the risk of failures such as contact oxidation and insulation degradation, and making it suitable for dusty and humid conditions in railway relay stations.

[0017] 2. Balancing ventilation and protection to improve heat dissipation efficiency. The design employs a variable diameter structure, with a larger inner diameter and a smaller outer diameter. This design ensures protection through the smaller outer diameter while reducing airflow resistance through the larger inner diameter, avoiding the insufficient ventilation problem of conventional small-diameter vents. Simultaneously, the gradually expanding air duct extends the air heat exchange path, improving heat exchange efficiency compared to a constant-diameter straight-hole structure. This allows for more efficient removal of internal heat from the relay, reducing internal temperature rise.

[0018] 3. Enhanced centrifugal dust removal effect, improving protective performance. The gradually expanding air duct from the outside to the inside gradually reduces the flow velocity of the external airflow into the shell, prolonging the residence time of particles in the duct and making the centrifugal separation more effective. Compared with the equal diameter spiral ventilation structure, the fine dust blocking rate is improved under the same size, and the protection effect is more significant. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the air duct structure of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram comparing the thickness of the housing of a railway signal relay and the housing of a variable diameter spiral air duct. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a railway signal relay with the relay housing of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1 is the first air duct, 2 is the second air duct, 3 is the third air duct, 4 is the air duct housing, 5 is the relay housing, 6 is the relay base, and 7 is the handle. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an air duct with a variable diameter spiral, including an air duct shell 4. Specifically, the air duct shell 4 can be a cylindrical shell, and an air duct penetrating the air duct shell 4 is formed inside the air duct shell 4. The air duct includes a first air duct 1, a second air duct 2, and a third air duct 3 connected sequentially from the outside to the inside. The first air duct 1 is a straight cylindrical air duct, which is connected to the outside in a ring. The second air duct 2 is a spiral variable diameter air duct, which is a spiral-shaped channel connecting the outer port (i.e., the first air duct 1) and the inner port (i.e., the third air duct 3). It extends around the thickness of the side wall, and the flow cross section smoothly expands from the outer port to the inner port, forming a gradually expanding spiral flow channel. The central axes of the outer port and the inner port are misaligned, and there is no straight through path. The third air duct 3 is an oblique cylindrical air duct. The cross-sectional diameter d1 of the first air duct 1 is in the range of 1.2 ≤ d1 < 1.8 mm. The cross-sectional diameter d1 of the second air duct 2 near the side of the first air duct 1 is... 2上 The range is 1.8 ≤ d 2上 <2mm, the cross-sectional diameter d of the side of the second air duct 2 near the third air duct 3 2下 The range is 2≤d 2下<2.2mm. The spiral cylinder of the second air duct 2 rotates 0.95 times. The cross-sectional diameter d3 of the third air duct 3 is 2.5mm. The connection between the first air duct 1 and the second air duct 2, and between the second air duct 2 and the third air duct 3, is an abrupt change in diameter, i.e., a change in diameter via a right-angle step, rather than a gradual change in diameter. The inclination angle of the third air duct 3 is 42°, i.e., the angle between the axis of the third air duct 3 and the inner surface plane of the air duct shell 4 is 42°.

[0023] Specifically, the cylindrical air duct shell 4 has two, three, or more sets of spiral variable diameter air ducts. The multiple sets of spiral variable diameter air ducts are evenly arranged to ensure the uniformity of airflow during intake and exhaust; the outer and inner diameters of the multiple vents are uniform to ensure consistent airflow resistance.

[0024] In one embodiment, a cylindrical air duct shell 4 has three sets of spiral variable diameter air ducts. Each set of spiral variable diameter air ducts includes a first air duct 1, a second air duct 2, and a third air duct 3 connected sequentially from the outside to the inside. The cross-sectional diameter of the first air duct 1 is d1 = 1.5 mm, and the cross-sectional diameter of the second air duct 2 on the side closest to the first air duct 1 is d1 = 1.5 mm. 2上 =1.9mm, the cross-sectional diameter d of the side of the second air duct 2 near the third air duct 3 is 1.9mm. 2下 =2.1mm, the spiral cylinder of the second air duct 2 rotates 0.95 times, the cross-sectional diameter d3 of the third air duct 3 is 2.5mm, and the inclination angle of the third air duct 3 is 42°. The thickness of the first air duct 1 is 0.9mm, the thickness of the second air duct 2 is 4mm, and the thickness of the third air duct 3 is 1.1mm. The total thickness of the three air ducts is 6mm, that is, the thickness of the air duct shell 4 is 6mm.

[0025] The present invention also provides a railway signal relay housing having the aforementioned variable diameter spiral duct, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the relay housing 5 has a mounting hole that mates with the air duct housing 4. Specifically, the mounting hole is located on the lower side of the narrower side of the relay housing 5, and the air duct housing 4 is fixedly installed in the mounting hole by interference fit or adhesive bonding. The thickness of the air duct housing 4 is greater than the thickness of the railway signal relay housing 5 to which it is connected. The thickness of the air duct housing 4 is 4-8mm, specifically 6mm, while the thickness of the railway signal relay housing 5 is 2.6mm. The outer surface of the air duct housing 4 is flush with the outer surface of the relay housing 5.

[0026] The present invention also provides a railway signal relay, such as Figure 3 As shown, the railway signal relay housing 5 is a rectangular cover made of insulating engineering plastic injection molding / die casting. The bottom of the relay housing 5 is fixedly connected to the relay base 6 by screws and nuts, forming a closed cavity inside to accommodate the electromagnetic system and contact system of the relay. A handle 7 is provided on the top of the relay housing 5.

[0027] The specific working process of this embodiment: After the relay is powered on, the coil and contacts inside the relay heat up, the air temperature inside the relay housing 5 rises and the air pressure increases. The hot air flows into the gradually expanding spiral flow channel, i.e. the second air channel, through the large-diameter inner port, i.e. the third air channel 3, and flows outward along the spiral path. Finally, it is discharged to the outside from the outer port, i.e. the first air channel 1, thus achieving internal heat dissipation and air pressure balance. The large-diameter inner port effectively reduces exhaust resistance and ensures sufficient air exchange.

[0028] When the ambient temperature drops and the air pressure inside the casing is lower than that outside, outside air flows in through the small-diameter outer port, i.e., the first air duct 1, and large particles larger than 1.5mm are directly blocked outside the casing. After the airflow enters the gradually expanding spiral air duct, i.e., the second air duct 2, it rotates along the spiral channel. At the same time, as the cross-section of the flow channel expands, the flow velocity gradually decreases. Fine dust and moisture particles in the air are thrown to the inner wall of the flow channel and adhered and retained under the action of centrifugal force. Finally, the filtered clean air enters the interior of the casing smoothly through the large-diameter inner port, i.e., the third air duct 3, to prevent pollutants from contacting the internal precision components.

[0029] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When the internal temperature of the relay rises during operation, the air inside the relay housing 5 expands due to heat and the air pressure increases. The hot air inside enters the spiral variable diameter air duct through the large-diameter inner port and is discharged from the outer port along the gradually expanding spiral path, thereby achieving heat dissipation and air pressure balance. The large inner port can reduce the air intake resistance and ensure sufficient air exchange.

[0030] When the relay is not in operation, when outside air flows into the housing, the airflow first passes through the small-diameter outer port. Large particles of dust and debris with a diameter larger than the outer port aperture are directly blocked outside the housing, achieving the first stage of coarse filtration.

[0031] After the airflow enters the gradually expanding spiral channel, it rotates along the spiral trajectory. At the same time, as the cross-section of the channel gradually expands, the airflow velocity gradually decreases, which prolongs the residence time of dust particles in the channel. Fine dust and liquid droplets carried in the air are thrown towards the inner wall of the spiral channel under the action of centrifugal force, adhering to and remaining on the wall, thus achieving the second stage of centrifugal fine filtration.

[0032] After being filtered through two stages, the clean air eventually enters the housing smoothly through the large-diameter inner port, ensuring both ventilation flow and efficient dust and splash prevention.

[0033] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any modifications, alterations, substitutions, and variations made by those skilled in the art to the above embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A duct with a variable diameter spiral, characterized in that, The system includes an outer shell for the air duct, and an air duct that penetrates the outer shell. The air duct includes a first air duct, a second air duct, and a third air duct that are connected sequentially from the outside to the inside. The first air duct is a straight cylindrical air duct, the second air duct is a spiral variable diameter air duct, and the third air duct is an oblique cylindrical air duct. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first air duct is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the side of the second air duct closest to the first air duct. The cross-sectional area of ​​the spiral cylinder of the second air duct gradually increases from the direction closest to the first air duct to the direction closest to the third air duct. The cross-sectional area of ​​the third air duct is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the side of the second air duct closest to the third air duct. The central axis of the first air duct and the central axis of the third air duct are skew lines.

2. The air duct with a variable diameter spiral according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter d1 of the first air duct section is in the range of 1.2≤d1<1.8mm.

3. The air duct with a variable diameter spiral according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional diameter d of the second air duct on the side closest to the first air duct 2上 The range is 1.8 ≤ d 2上 <2mm, the cross-sectional diameter d of the side of the second air duct near the third air duct 2下 The range is 2≤d 2下 <2.2mm.

4. A duct with a variable diameter spiral according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The spiral cylinder of the second air duct rotates 0.95 times.

5. A duct with a variable diameter spiral according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter d3 of the third air duct section is 2.5mm, and the inclination angle of the third air duct is 42°.

6. The air duct with a variable diameter spiral according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first, second, and third air ducts are housed within a cylindrical air duct shell.

7. A duct with a variable diameter spiral according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cylindrical air duct shell contains two, three, or more sets of variable diameter spiral air ducts.

8. A railway signal relay housing having a variable diameter spiral duct as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The relay housing has mounting holes that mate with the duct housing. The thickness of the variable diameter spiral duct housing is greater than the thickness of the railway signal relay housing connected to it. The duct housing is fixedly assembled in the mounting holes.

9. The railway signal relay housing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer shell thickness of the variable diameter spiral air duct is 4-8mm.

10. A railway signal relay, characterized in that: It has the housing of the railway signal relay as described in claim 8.

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