Novel 5g antenna with open l-shaped slots and terminal floor loading

Abstract

The present application relates to a new type of 5G antenna with L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading, and belongs to the technical field of Vivaldi antenna, which solves the problems of uneven high-frequency response, large signal attenuation and low gain of the Vivaldi antenna in the prior art. The Vivaldi antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal conductor and a metal microstrip line; the metal conductor is provided with a circular slot, a rectangular slot, a fan-shaped expanding slot and a plurality of L-shaped slots; the back surface of the dielectric substrate is further provided with a fin-shaped parasitic patch; and the fin-shaped parasitic patch is arranged on the side of the metal microstrip line. The present application optimizes the bandwidth, gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna by opening L-shaped slots in the metal conductor and loading a fin-shaped patch structure on the terminal floor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Vivaldi antenna technology, and more particularly to a novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern wireless communication technology, especially the widespread application of 5G communication technology, the rational utilization of spectrum resources and efficient communication capabilities have become key factors in wireless system design. In 5G networks, the expansion of frequency bands and the demand for bandwidth have increased significantly, requiring antennas to provide efficient and stable radiation and reception performance over a wider frequency range, especially in the 2-5GHz band.

[0003] To address this need, antenna design requires optimization in bandwidth, gain, directivity, and size to ensure communication quality and system stability. Vivaldi antennas are widely used in communications and radar due to their wide bandwidth, but traditional Vivaldi antennas have some shortcomings in bandwidth, gain, size, and radiation efficiency. Despite their wide bandwidth, their bandwidth response is uneven at high frequencies, leading to significant signal attenuation; their gain is often low, failing to meet the communication requirements of high frequencies; their large size makes them unsuitable for space-constrained applications; and in some applications, their radiation efficiency is insufficient, affecting signal stability.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a novel Vivaldi antenna with an L-shaped slot and a terminal floor loading. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading, in order to solve the problems of uneven response, large signal attenuation and low gain of existing Vivaldi antennas in the high-frequency band.

[0006] The objective of this invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading includes: a dielectric substrate, a metal conductor disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate, and a metal microstrip line disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate; the metal conductor has circular slots, rectangular slots, fan-shaped gradually expanding slots, and multiple L-shaped slots; a fin-shaped parasitic patch is also disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate; the fin-shaped parasitic patch is disposed beside the metal microstrip line.

[0008] Furthermore, the metal microstrip line includes: fan-shaped metal microstrip line, rectangular metal microstrip line, and trapezoidal metal microstrip line.

[0009] Furthermore, two fin-shaped parasitic patches are provided.

[0010] Furthermore, the two fin-shaped parasitic patches are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the dielectric substrate.

[0011] Furthermore, the long side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch coincides with the edge of the dielectric substrate.

[0012] Furthermore, the short side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch is perpendicular to the edge of the dielectric substrate.

[0013] Furthermore, the end of the L-shaped slot extends to the edge of the metal conductor.

[0014] Furthermore, the L-shaped slot is inclined relative to the edge of the metal conductor.

[0015] Furthermore, two sets of the L-shaped slots are symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis of the metal conductor.

[0016] Furthermore, each group of L-shaped slots is provided with multiple slots, and the multiple L-shaped slots are equally spaced.

[0017] The technical solution of this invention can achieve at least one of the following effects:

[0018] 1. The novel 5G antenna of the present invention, featuring an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading, optimizes the antenna's bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency by creating an L-shaped slot in the conductor channel and loading a specific structure on the terminal floor. This design effectively widens the operating frequency band, providing a flatter response, especially in the 1.7-5.3 GHz band, while improving the antenna's gain and directivity, thus meeting the requirements of high-frequency communication systems.

[0019] 2. The novel 5G antenna of this invention, featuring an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading, ultimately achieves an operating frequency band of 1714.9MHz-5347.2MHz, a relative bandwidth of 102.9%, and a gain of 11.4dBi at 5000MHz. This not only overcomes the shortcomings of traditional Vivaldi antennas but also provides new ideas for wideband, high-gain antenna design, making it particularly suitable for 5G and future communication systems.

[0020] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of the novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a rear structural diagram of the novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 The figure shows the S11 simulation results of the Vivaldi antenna of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 The simulated radiation pattern of the Vivaldi antenna of this invention at 2 GHz;

[0026] Figure 5 The simulated radiation pattern of the Vivaldi antenna of this invention at 3 GHz;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a simulation pattern of the Vivaldi antenna of the present invention at 4 GHz;

[0028] Figure 7 The simulated radiation pattern of the Vivaldi antenna of this invention at 5 GHz is shown.

[0029] Figure label:

[0030] 1-Metallic conductor; 2-Circular slot; 3-Rectangular slot; 4-Fan-shaped gradually expanding slot; 5-L-shaped slot; 51-First strip-shaped inclined slot; 52-Second strip-shaped inclined slot; 6-Fin-shaped patch; 7-Fan-shaped metal microstrip line; 8-Rectangular metal microstrip line; 9-Trapezoidal metal microstrip line. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] One specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a dielectric substrate, a metal conductor 1 disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate, and a metal microstrip line disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate.

[0034] Preferably, the long side of the dielectric substrate is 200mm to 210mm, and the short side of the dielectric substrate is 100mm to 110mm.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the metal conductor 1 has a circular slot 2, a rectangular slot 3, a fan-shaped gradually expanding slot 4 and a plurality of L-shaped slots 5.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the circular slot 2, the rectangular slot 3, and the fan-shaped expanding slot 4 are connected in sequence; and the circular slot 2, the rectangular slot 3, and the fan-shaped expanding slot 4 are symmetrical structures, and the axis of symmetry of the radiation slot formed by the three coincides with the central axis of the dielectric substrate.

[0037] Specifically, the length of the rectangular slot 3 is 10mm to 20mm.

[0038] Preferably, the distance between the circular slot 2 and the short side of the metal conductor 1 is 20mm to 25mm.

[0039] Preferably, the diameter of the circular slot 2 is 10mm to 15mm.

[0040] Preferably, the width of the rectangular slot 3 is 0.5mm to 1mm.

[0041] Preferably, the length of the short side of the fan-shaped expanding groove 4 is equal to the width of the rectangular slot 3.

[0042] Preferably, the long side of the fan-shaped expanding groove 4 is 90mm to 100mm, and the distance between the long side endpoint of the fan-shaped expanding groove 4 and the short side endpoint of the metal conductor 1 is no more than 5mm.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the two sides of the fan-shaped gradually expanding groove 4 are concave arcs.

[0044] This invention uses the Vivaldi antenna shape as the main body. In the same area, the radiating part of the Vivaldi antenna is composed of a circular slot 2, a rectangular slot 3 and a gradually expanding fan-shaped slot 4. This structure enables the antenna to generate effective radiation at multiple frequencies. As the width of the radiating channel increases, the radiation impedance of the antenna gradually changes, thereby achieving effective radiation of broadband signals.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, a fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is also provided on the back side of the dielectric substrate; the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is disposed on the side of the metal microstrip line.

[0046] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2As shown, the metal microstrip line includes: a fan-shaped metal microstrip line 7, a rectangular metal microstrip line 8, and a trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9.

[0047] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the fan-shaped metal microstrip line 7, the rectangular metal microstrip line 8, and the trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9 are connected in sequence; the small end of the fan-shaped metal microstrip line 7 is located on the central axis of the dielectric substrate; one end of the rectangular metal microstrip line 8 is connected to the small end of the trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9, and the other end is connected to the fan-shaped metal microstrip line 7.

[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the rectangular metal microstrip line 8 is arranged perpendicular to the trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9; the trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9 is arranged perpendicular to the short side of the dielectric substrate.

[0049] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the large end of the trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9 extends to the edge of the dielectric substrate and coincides with the short side of the dielectric substrate.

[0050] Preferably, the central angle of the fan-shaped metal microstrip line 7 is 70° to 80°.

[0051] Preferably, the radius of the fan-shaped metal microstrip line 7 is 15mm to 20mm.

[0052] Preferably, the length of the rectangular metal microstrip line 8 is 10mm to 15mm; the width of the rectangular metal microstrip line 8 is 0.5mm to 1mm.

[0053] Preferably, the height of the trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9 is 30mm to 40mm; the length of the short side of the trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9 is equal to the width of the rectangular metal microstrip line 8; and the length of the base of the trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9 is 2mm to 2.5mm.

[0054] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, two fin-shaped parasitic patches 6 are provided.

[0055] Furthermore, the two fin-shaped parasitic patches 6 are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the dielectric substrate.

[0056] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the long side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 coincides with the edge of the dielectric substrate.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the short side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is perpendicular to the edge of the dielectric substrate.

[0058] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is disposed on the side of the dielectric substrate away from the metal microstrip line, and the end of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 extends to the short edge of the dielectric substrate.

[0059] Furthermore, the tip of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 coincides with the short edge of the dielectric substrate, and the length of the tip of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is 0mm to 5mm. When the length of the tip of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is 0mm, the tip of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 coincides with the short end point of the dielectric substrate.

[0060] Preferably, the length of the long side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is 40mm to 45mm.

[0061] Preferably, the length of the short side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is 25mm to 30mm.

[0062] Furthermore, the arc-shaped side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is an arc with a radius greater than 100 mm.

[0063] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the end of the L-shaped slot 5 extends to the edge of the metal conductor 1.

[0064] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the L-shaped slot 5 is inclined relative to the edge of the metal conductor 1.

[0065] Preferably, the L-shaped slot 5 is inclined at 45° relative to the edge of the metal conductor 1.

[0066] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, two sets of L-shaped slots 5 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis of the metal conductor 1.

[0067] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the L-shaped slot 5 includes: a first strip-shaped inclined slot 51 and a second strip-shaped inclined slot 52; the first strip-shaped inclined slot 51 is arranged perpendicular to the second strip-shaped inclined slot 52.

[0068] In this embodiment, the end of the first strip groove 51 extends to the edge of the metal conductor 1; and the first strip groove 51 is set at 45° with the side plate of the metal conductor 1.

[0069] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, each group of L-shaped slots 5 is provided with multiple slots; preferably, the L-shaped slots 5 are provided in two symmetrical groups on both sides of the metal conductor 1, with six slots in each group.

[0070] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, multiple L-shaped slots 5 are arranged in an array along the long side of the metal conductor 1 and are set at equal intervals.

[0071] Preferably, the width of the L-shaped slot 5 is 3mm to 5mm.

[0072] Preferably, the length of the first inclined groove 51 of the L-shaped slot 5 is 20mm to 30mm.

[0073] Preferably, the length of the second oblique groove 52 of the L-shaped slot 5 is 10mm to 20mm.

[0074] Furthermore, the widths of the first strip groove 51 and the second strip groove 52 are equal; the length of the first strip groove 51 is greater than the length of the second strip groove 52.

[0075] Preferably, the L-shaped slot 5 is formed on two sector-shaped conductor sheets separated by the sector-shaped expanding slot 4 from the metal conductor 1.

[0076] The working principle of the Vivaldi antenna of this invention is as follows:

[0077] The novel 5G antenna with L-shaped slots and terminal floor loading of the present invention is an improved design of the existing Vivaldi antenna. Its core improvement lies in the optimization of the conductor structure. The present invention opens multiple array-distributed L-shaped slots 5 on the metal conductor 1. By adjusting the spacing between the slots, the current distribution at a specific frequency can be precisely controlled so that the current is exactly located at the slot position at each peak and trough, thereby optimizing the impedance matching at that frequency point, thereby reducing S11 and achieving a better matching effect.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, after loading the L-shaped slot 5, the S11 curve of the antenna in the 2-4GHz frequency band is significantly improved. Compared with the case without loading the L-shaped slot 5, the resonance depth is significantly improved, indicating that the improved design effectively enhances the antenna's frequency band response and matching performance.

[0079] The novel 5G antenna of the present invention, featuring an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading, further enhances antenna performance, particularly in terms of directivity and gain, with the terminal-loaded fin-shaped parasitic patch 6. The introduction of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 effectively modulates the antenna's radiation pattern, avoiding electromagnetic leakage phenomena that might occur in the original Vivaldi antenna design.

[0080] This invention designs a novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading, which has characteristics such as wide bandwidth and high gain.

[0081] Existing Vivaldi antennas lack a base patch, which easily leads to electromagnetic wave energy scattering, causing beam dispersion and affecting the antenna's directivity. This invention addresses this by adding two symmetrically arranged fin-shaped parasitic patches 6 to the back of the radiating conductor terminal. This not only effectively suppresses some electromagnetic energy leakage but also guides more energy to radiate in the desired direction, thereby improving the antenna's gain and directivity. This design significantly improves the antenna's radiation efficiency and performance, especially demonstrating excellent performance enhancements in applications requiring improved directivity and gain.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] A specific embodiment of the present invention provides specific structural parameters for the L-shaped slot and the Vivaldi antenna loaded on the terminal floor of Embodiment 1:

[0084] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the substrate material is Rogers 5880 with a dielectric constant of 2.2, the substrate length is 201.31 mm, the width is 105 mm, and the thickness is 0.762 mm.

[0085] Specifically, in this embodiment, the diameter of the circular slot 2 is 14mm.

[0086] Furthermore, the distance between the circular slot 2 and the short side of the metal conductor 1 is 21.69 mm.

[0087] Specifically, in this embodiment, the width of the rectangular slot 3 is 0.63 mm.

[0088] Specifically, in this embodiment, the width of the small end of the fan-shaped expanding groove 4 is equal to the width of the rectangular slot 3. The width of the large end of the fan-shaped expanding groove 4 is 100mm. The fan-shaped expanding groove 4 is a symmetrical shape symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the dielectric substrate; the distance between the large end of the fan-shaped expanding groove 4 and the short side end of the dielectric substrate is 2.5mm.

[0089] Specifically, in this embodiment, the width of the first strip-shaped inclined groove 51 and the second strip-shaped inclined groove 52 of the L-shaped slot 5 is 4mm.

[0090] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first strip-shaped inclined groove 51 is a parallelogram groove, and the second strip-shaped inclined groove 52 is a trapezoidal groove.

[0091] Specifically, in this embodiment, the length of the first strip groove 51 is 25.25 mm.

[0092] Specifically, in this embodiment, the length of the short side (upper base of the trapezoid) of the trapezoidal slot of the second strip slot 52 is 13mm, and the length of the long side (lower base of the trapezoid) of the trapezoidal slot of the second strip slot 52 is 17mm.

[0093] Specifically, in this embodiment, the distance between two adjacent L-shaped slots is 20mm.

[0094] In this invention, six L-shaped slots 5 spaced 20 mm apart are etched on the metal conductor 1 of the Vivaldi antenna. The presence of these slots alters the original current distribution on the conductor. By changing the current flow path, the L-shaped slots 5 significantly modulate the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the antenna structure.

[0095] Specifically, in this embodiment, the length of the long side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is 44mm.

[0096] Specifically, in this embodiment, the length of the short side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is 28.7 mm.

[0097] Furthermore, the side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 is an outwardly convex arc-shaped line.

[0098] Specifically, in this embodiment, the central angle of the fan-shaped metal microstrip line 7 is 79.68°.

[0099] Specifically, in this embodiment, the length of the rectangular metal microstrip line 8 is 13mm; the width of the rectangular metal microstrip line 8 is 0.63mm.

[0100] Specifically, the height of the trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9 is 35.69 mm; the width of the base of the trapezoidal metal microstrip line 9 is 2.25 mm.

[0101] Figure 3 The diagram shows the S11 simulation results of the Vivaldi antenna of this invention. The S11 parameter reflects the antenna's reflection coefficient, indicating how much of the power input to the antenna is reflected back. Generally, the smaller the S11 value, the less the antenna reflects the input power, the better the antenna's impedance matching, and the more effectively the input power can be radiated.

[0102] like Figure 3 As shown, the S11 of the novel 5G antenna with L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading of the present invention is less than -10dB in the range of 1714.9MHz-5347.2MHz, the maximum resonance depth reaches about -36dB, and the relative bandwidth reaches 102.9%.

[0103] Figures 4-7The simulated radiation patterns of the Vivaldi antenna of the present invention at 2GHz, 3GHz, 4GHz and 5GHz are shown.

[0104] like Figures 4-7 As shown, the radiation pattern of the novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading of the present invention is end-firing. The maximum gain of the antenna is 6.37 dBi at 2 GHz, 7.84 dBi at 3 GHz, 8.54 dBi at 4 GHz, and 11.4 dBi at 5 GHz.

[0105] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided in this embodiment has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0106] 1. The novel 5G antenna of the present invention, which features an L-shaped slot and a terminal floor loading, achieves better impedance matching and reduces S11 by setting two rows of symmetrically distributed L-shaped slots 5. At the same time, the antenna gain is improved by loading a fin-shaped parasitic patch 6 on the back of the dielectric substrate.

[0107] 2. The novel 5G antenna of the present invention, featuring an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading, has final dimensions of 201.31mm × 105mm × 0.762mm, an operating frequency band of 1714.9MHz-5347.2MHz, a relative bandwidth of 102.9%, and a maximum gain of approximately 11.4dBi. The overall results indicate that the antenna of the present invention has extremely high application potential in the 5G communication system frequency band.

[0108] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading, characterized in that, include: The dielectric substrate, a metal conductor (1) disposed on the front side of the dielectric substrate, and a metal microstrip line disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate; the metal conductor (1) is provided with a circular slot (2), a rectangular slot (3), a fan-shaped gradually expanding slot (4) and a plurality of L-shaped slots (5); a fin-shaped parasitic patch (6) is also disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate; the fin-shaped parasitic patch (6) is disposed on the side of the metal microstrip line.

2. The novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal microstrip lines include: fan-shaped metal microstrip lines (7), rectangular metal microstrip lines (8), and trapezoidal metal microstrip lines (9).

3. The novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two fin-shaped parasitic patches (6) are provided.

4. The novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to claim 3, characterized in that, The two fin-shaped parasitic patches (6) are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the dielectric substrate.

5. The novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The long side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch (6) coincides with the edge of the dielectric substrate.

6. The novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to claim 5, characterized in that, The short side of the fin-shaped parasitic patch (6) is perpendicular to the edge of the dielectric substrate.

7. The novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the L-shaped slot (5) extends to the edge of the metal conductor (1).

8. The novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to claim 7, characterized in that, The L-shaped slot (5) is inclined relative to the edge of the metal conductor (1).

9. The novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to any one of claims 1-4 and 6-8, characterized in that, The L-shaped slots (5) are arranged in two sets symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the metal conductor (1).

10. The novel 5G antenna with an L-shaped slot and terminal floor loading according to claim 9, characterized in that, Each group of L-shaped slots (5) is provided with multiple slots, and the multiple L-shaped slots (5) are provided at equal intervals.

Images